Did anyone else come here expecting to see TSGT John Chapman?
@TheMetalHeaD2569 жыл бұрын
"Absolute freedom, restricted by the rights of others" I am showing this quote to my high school government teacher. Never heard it explained that well. I'm only a minute into this video and like this guy a whole lot.
@Nomadzero18 жыл бұрын
You might thinks his beard is ridiculous, but if he lays on his back in that sage brush and points his chin to the air, you won't see him at all.
@darrinray5505 жыл бұрын
Bahahahahaahha. Literally the only possible justification for such a tacti-beard
@Rubeless5 жыл бұрын
It is ridiculous. The would make a perfect grab handle. But gotta be like every other tard.
@bigsparky88883 жыл бұрын
MY #1 SON LOOKS A LOT LIKE HIM...ATTITUDE IS VERY SIMILAR AS WELL!!!
@travisbreaux24633 жыл бұрын
"Liberty is nothing more than absolute freedom restricted by the rights of others. In order for that restriction to be in place for me to exercise my liberty, some sort of order has to be established. Order can only be established through the threat of armed force. Human beings (and we have proven this throughout history) will not comply with respecting the rights of others without at least the implied threat of some sort of force making them respect other people's rights." -John Chapman. One of the most absolute and truest quotes I've ever heard spoken.
@yodaddybitchnigga5 жыл бұрын
I thought this was john chapman medal of honor hero with brass balls but insted i found john chapman airsoft master
@glockpoppin5 жыл бұрын
Hahahah me too! I'm dead🤣🤣🤣
@atahulpa35845 жыл бұрын
Medal of Honor winner is Dead .. This John is a built-up instructor ...
@GabrielSilva-ih5se5 жыл бұрын
yodaddybitchnigga you’re an idiot troll.... aren’t ya Yager
@eightysbaby87984 жыл бұрын
Fr. This is bullshit. He needs to change his name
@deank56494 жыл бұрын
when you dont know what utm is smh
@mikeyg1279 жыл бұрын
I love this series, John seems like a very smart well rounded dude who does a lot of thinking. I'd love to take a class.
@KTMOSLEY9 жыл бұрын
I like John. Smart and laid back yet effective teacher. Wanna take some of his classes.
@178749 жыл бұрын
He has a great background in training. My only issue is he has never been involved in an actual gunfight. His concepts are correct though.
@rfcdgaf5 жыл бұрын
That's a pretty fucking big issue. Just listen to what barruga says about trainers and the importance of relevant gunfight experience.
@RedRiverRamblings4 жыл бұрын
He teaches gunfighting but hasn’t been in a gunfight? Yeesh
@ericj66364 жыл бұрын
Get into some simunitions, paintball, airsoft, force on force etc. He has all the training and concepts to set things up. Then the trick is to get unpredictable opponents, like teenagers or tournament paintballers or people from outside the firearms training world. The idea there is to get folks who have different ingrained responses than peers with the same knowledge base and training. I'd be shocked if he hadn't done exercises like that before.
@jackburmingham67163 жыл бұрын
If he's teaching what he was taught by other people with experience then it's not a big deal. You can teach history with having actually been there. Just go with your guy if something doesn't seem realistic then question it.
@Bigunk-hc2ri Жыл бұрын
He’s a swat officer he’s been in a few
@jjkroll329 жыл бұрын
Another great profile of a great American Gentleman. Please keep this series going.
@checkmate6107 жыл бұрын
God Bless you, sir! Thank you for your service!
@SpicyMcD9 жыл бұрын
BCM, loving this video series( and the gear for a while now), this and the Pat Mac episode are excellent talks about mindset.
@chescarino8 жыл бұрын
this is my favourite of all these vids.
@MBP076 жыл бұрын
Like to see his PT Score
@bigsparky88883 жыл бұрын
OUTSTANDING MISSION...INDIVIDUALLY!!!
@reubanhernandez40786 жыл бұрын
Not a bad ass just want the best I can be. Listening to this man talk is inspiring. I would love to train with this man
@joshpaul19768 жыл бұрын
Good to hear him say the cop's priority should be the public over himself. To properly preserve liberty, however, we need to think about applying decentralization of power to police work. Volunteer posses under an elected Sheriff, free market (non-State) police, etc.
@flposdetail8 жыл бұрын
Free market police!?! Ask Iraq how well that worked with contractors like Blackwater mowing down civilians with impunity. It's been proven, private security goes to lowest bidder and I don't want the lowest bidder protecting my children. What we need is a POTUS and legislature that FOLLOWS the constitution. And because of Obama, we are so far to the left from protecting the bill of rights, we may never recover.
@donaldduncan3548 жыл бұрын
You should be protecting your children David..that's what a father does. How many times you been to Iraq? I've been three. I do agree with your comment on Obama.
@donaldduncan3548 жыл бұрын
Notably though it was ruled around 1935 that IT IS NOT law enforcement's job to protect people it is to enforce the law. That's become extremely backwards these days.
@nateperryshootingsports62016 жыл бұрын
You meant to say it was not rightfully recognized that law enforcement cannot be legally liable for an individual's safety.
@phi3769 жыл бұрын
I subscribed just to watch this series. Keep it up. Great videos.
@Bradsyoutube119 жыл бұрын
Great video, keep it up. I wholeheartedly agree with what was said about shooting being only 10% of the gunfight. It's hard to explain that to people without hands-on instruction.
@ericj66366 жыл бұрын
Airsoft and Paintball. Not just casually, join a team and play competitive matches regularly. You will learn very quickly how things change when folks shoot back
@markchambers16048 жыл бұрын
admirable sir. You nailed it. Thinking , understress , decisions, correct decisions to survive.
@jmcd13139 жыл бұрын
Love this series, and John seems like an awesome dude. Great vids.
@patronsaintofswitchbladefi29446 жыл бұрын
I like this man ... "On Killing" is a great read that was recommended to me by one of the cqb instructors during my initial sheriff's department tactical training .. I'd love to take a course with this warrior
@l.o.s.gardens5505 жыл бұрын
Justin Freeman You have to go to war with another human being to be a warrior...
@walperstyle9 жыл бұрын
YESSSSS, Been waiting for this!
@ncal089 жыл бұрын
Great teacher and mentor!
@susciv6 жыл бұрын
Wish I could spend a few months of brutal hard training with this guy!
@ndileonardo8 жыл бұрын
Phenomenal video. Very personal.
@RKHarm249 жыл бұрын
Well said Chappy, Very Well Said.
@NOIRAAG9 жыл бұрын
Awesome teaching ethics/methods and awesome beard. Super cool guy.
@clicheguevara52825 жыл бұрын
"A liter of cola!" 1:49
@joshuabeheler92825 жыл бұрын
Haha, ole car ramrod
@polygun5336 Жыл бұрын
This dude is probably the most legit dude you've had on this channel.
@TRS8679 жыл бұрын
These are awesome videos! Keep'em coming!!
@TEX12REDD5 жыл бұрын
Hopefully you will teach res t raint across the nation. Many officers obviously don't have any.
@colinjames179 жыл бұрын
"Absolute freedom, restricted by the rights of others." A noble ideal. One we all should strive for(civilians and law enforcement). I understand and agree that we have bad actors in our society that restrict the rights of others, and they require extreme proposed consequences. The threat of the restriction of their rights to life, liberty ,and happiness may encourage them to not restrict the rights of others. However, many of these military style raids are done due as part of the war on drugs. What rights of others are being restricted by the use of drugs or even sale of drugs? If no rights were restricted is there a victim? If there no victim, is there a crime? If no one else's rights were violated, and force is used how is that freedom, let alone absolute freedom? The war on drugs is fruitless. It creates a militarized law enforcement culture to fight an imaginary war. Drugs affect the user. The user should have absolute freedom to do who's his or her body as they choose, as long as they don't restrict the rights of others. If there is a war to fight, we should addiction. Which is a war not fought with bullets. Drug culture does cause violence, only due the fact that drugs are an illegal commodity. The restriction to sell causes an increase in value. The value brings violence for ownership of distribution. It's been played out in our country before. Alcohol prohibition. See the 18th amendment of our constitution. We soon realized that prohibition does not work, it creates gang violence and illegal trade. Ever heard of Al Capone? Then the 21st amendment was passes to repeal the 18th. Ahhh, the good old days when our politicians actually abided the constitution. They realized they needed an amendment to restrict our rights. Btw, where is the amendment for drug prohibition?... So next time you're watching the news about a recent military style drug raid like the ones so glamorously portrayed in this how-to video, look down at your Budweiser and ask yourself a question...Is this what freedom looks like?
@Kimchi_Studios2 жыл бұрын
This has aged well.
@rosanaguimaraes80334 жыл бұрын
Thank you! New subscriber!
@mmrtactical77649 жыл бұрын
Great teacher.
@RS-jh2kl5 жыл бұрын
His highly polished head will give away his position. He needs a Tactical beanie.....
@ohcliffy9 жыл бұрын
99 percent of cops put THEMSELVES first every single fucking time. Every time.
@3chel0n139 жыл бұрын
1) Source on that scientific study? 2) what do you do where you put others before yourself all the time?
@mayhemsix68439 жыл бұрын
@ James Pell . . You don't need a scientific study to show you reality. His statement is actually 100% accurate and is inarguable, you can openly see that in any law enforcement doctrine and/or teachings(or u can just watch KZbin). If you're on the job you shouldn't try and deflect or deny that fact. Your deflection with the parched request for a scientific study was rather weak and ill witted. You should try and have some more intestinal fortitude and be more honest with yourself. If you are not on the job you have no business even venturing into that discussion. As for your glowingly honest curiosity question of what does he do all the time to put others before himself (or I), we always allow others to make mistakes before us.
@11B30Inf9 жыл бұрын
Cliff Walker I almost believed you till I saw your nose getting longer and longer........Pinocchio!
@ohcliffy9 жыл бұрын
***** how would you like me to verify that?
@11B30Inf9 жыл бұрын
Cliff Walker Its called a source .....Cliff. And how long you been at Google or KZbin?
@Tacdriver103 жыл бұрын
Good info.
@repentttoday8 жыл бұрын
VERY VERY well said!
@emburgess71865 жыл бұрын
Rest in peace Warriors. See you soon.
@pauld43557 жыл бұрын
I want to take one of his courses so bad
@anthonystark1234 жыл бұрын
awe look the teaching and militarizing of our police.
@ManicAfterShock9 жыл бұрын
Dude, your beard is fucking amazing...
@brockstrong58549 жыл бұрын
Ever listen to someone and just think " this dude is a lot smarter than I am" ? Well I just did.
@anthonydean35488 жыл бұрын
A Wise Man
@pwrplnt19755 жыл бұрын
Greatest goe-tee EVER!
@realgumballpro9 ай бұрын
This video is 8 years old…
@demisx5 жыл бұрын
0:54 - This is what I call tactical beard!
@Mihka9 жыл бұрын
quot of Jerry Miculek..(check him out here on you tube) about holding any gun "Put your gun to the eye... not your eye to the gun"
@kevinmruel55284 жыл бұрын
I believe the best and only way to learn is 1st hand Knowledge live it but live long enough to put pieces together and capability of putting it all together is almost there that's the toughest part .we haven't had any main land experience until we spilled Blood in Iraq
@thenotoriousvlog59869 жыл бұрын
Is he located somewhere in the southwest?
@nickma714 жыл бұрын
If only the anarchists can understand his opening statement. Liberty ends when people are hurt. You don't get to impose on them for your gain.
@thewhitedeath5865 жыл бұрын
Shit being gunfighter series I thought this was a video on moh John Chapman at Robert's ridge.
@johnnylinfield38093 жыл бұрын
Was that a pic of Hillary on the wall ? 😂
@bigsparky88883 жыл бұрын
OR PULOSI...LMAO
@baileysmith7218 жыл бұрын
We call it, Escalation of Violence, from the Stop to the Approach and on through the top tier of that process. I have learned that the Stop and Approach is the Most important. It's Intell collection, making the best Decision based on the Intell collected from observing the individual or individuals. From that we Choose our best course of Action. I have seen with to much emphasis being put on the Tactical and Shooting side of it, We seem to inherently go to the Gun. So without the other part of the equation....Selecting Courses of Action...with the Gun being the Last resort. The Cake is Not Fully Baked.
@leapfrog45462 жыл бұрын
How about some new videos?
@Baby_Brotha Жыл бұрын
I’m a Chapman my dads from Kansas 1:43
@76MUTiger3 жыл бұрын
John said that order is established only by the threat of violence. In the Bible Romans 13:4 supports that by saying "the prince does not carry the sword in vain." He carries it for the purpose of enforcement. If all goes well, it just looks ceremonial.
@NoHomo17768 жыл бұрын
Read: Rise of the Warrior Cop by Radley Balko.
@taelyrpost95108 жыл бұрын
+bmotx you'll receive very little sympathy for that garbage here.
@NoHomo17768 жыл бұрын
+Taelyr Post You have my sympathy for being narrow minded and short sighted. Do you view the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution as garbage? The importance of all Americans (this includes YOU) civil liberties and freedom is spotlighted and promoted in this book. And I reckoned this would be a good forum for like-minded freedom loving Americans who will fight to protect their beloved country from becoming a socialized centrally-planned police state.
@jackburmingham67163 жыл бұрын
Was that poster Nansi polosi ? Lol
@Blindfolded.9115 жыл бұрын
His long hair grow upside down.
@urgentadam20473 жыл бұрын
I love you
@Blindfolded.9113 жыл бұрын
@@urgentadam2047 love you too
@ericj66364 жыл бұрын
Who came here from reading Black Knight Squadron?
@pwrplnt19759 жыл бұрын
This dude was a Navy Nuke yeah he's way above smart! It's like the SEALS of academics I swear!
@mmholling872 жыл бұрын
I realize this is 6 years old but I personally know a nuke officer that graduated from Harvard with a mathematics degree and he said the nuke program was more challenging. I was amazed by his response.
@brianjones11518 жыл бұрын
I don't agree with your opening statement !! otherwise all is good !
@fidelcatto98898 жыл бұрын
Same, we would be some of the few that would respect the rights of others. The issue is there will ALWAYS be people that wont. Unfortunately because of those people, the rights of others have to be protected from those that dont respect it. If that makes sense. There will always be people trying to invade our rights with force, therefor we have to protect our rights with force.
@soldtobediers7 жыл бұрын
That's a bracket & fire for effect, that right there is, now, John! Choosing the right stones for the right reasons & then utilizing them, is what The Almighty Himself guided David to utilize upon his oppression. Choosing 5 smooth stones instead of just one, is best revealed in 2nd Sam. 21:15 -22. Does this not underscore the quote... "You're best fight, is the one that never happened?" No shame in bringing God into anything pertaining to Freedom, according to Malachi 3:16 -Former 82nd Abn. Recon. Sgt. "Rock" '71-'74 51917
@MidnightMiata9 жыл бұрын
John advocates for both a well armed citizenry and police force. I don't see anything fascist here.
@eabaendallbeall79597 жыл бұрын
First three are a little more impressive
@petehumphries33595 жыл бұрын
If he could take that of his chin what a fringe he would have.
@thomasboston18872 жыл бұрын
OH reclassed from cryptographic communications tech specialists
@jamesblacksmith31119 жыл бұрын
Police priority of life is citizens than other police officers???? Yeah right.
@roughmanready9 жыл бұрын
+James Blacksmith It is, but you probably ignored the part about the "suspect" being below the Officers in priority of life.
@ianraygor9 жыл бұрын
"Order can only be established through the threat of armed force. "Human beings will not comply with respecting the rights of others without the implied threat of some sort of force making them respect other people's rights." Is that ALL people AND the ONLY way? While I'll agree that is the case much of the time...I disagree that it universal. I am and I know of people who could prove that premise incorrect in ALL cases.
@ethermay9 жыл бұрын
Ian Raygor you are quoting out of context.... quote his entire sentence. he is stating that throughout all of human history, it has been proven by human beings that it will take some kind of force to make them respect other's rights. look at history. i think that he is making an accurate statement. Just becuase you have friends and family that would not apply to his statement, it doesn't make them right either.
@ianraygor9 жыл бұрын
I'm not taking it out of context. That's the direct quote. He didn't make any exceptions. That's why I made it in question form.
@ianraygor9 жыл бұрын
And what does that last statement even mean? If you're going to post to a reply, please try to make it relevant.
@ethermay9 жыл бұрын
Ian Raygor "Liberty is nothing more than absolute freedom restricted by the rights of others. In order for that restriction to be in place, for me to exercise my liberty, some sort of order has to be established. Order can only be established through the threat of armed force. Human beings, and we have proven this throughout history, will not comply with respecting the rights of others, without at least the implied threat of some sort of force making them respect other people's rights." This is the entire quote. You did not include a key part of his statement. it was incomplete, and in my view incorrectly represented the statement he was making.
@ianraygor9 жыл бұрын
I did no such thing. I was looking for clarification on that particular part of his quote which he does not qualify anywhere else. His premise is incorrect and so must his conclusion be.Outside of my anecdote there are plenty of examples throughout history that show his statement to be flawed. It is pernicious. It reduces man to a one dimensional creature that has no other motivation than fear. That kind of attitude only invites violence if that's what he is indeed saying. Perhaps if you should actually read and try to understand what I wrote before continuing on your current path it would benefit you.
@willm6879 жыл бұрын
it seems as tho in America cops can e trained by anyone and by any group because here in Australia with our SWAt teams or whatever their called are trained by cops who are firearm instructors and teachers. so to me it seem us guy are trained by outside parties. and the fact that some police officers over there have to carry AR15's and 12gs even if their not SWAT. I am not even sure what standard cops carrying in their car.
@chap233056 жыл бұрын
Papa?
@useyourname245 жыл бұрын
LMAO sorry that's not a gun fighter. I was a basic navy guy and now I'm a damn great shot at the range 😂😂 where's my video interview? This video is a slap in the face to all the real hard hitters. I had respect for this channel until I saw this.
@Gunnvulcan9 жыл бұрын
Public before self is an idea that most law enforcement has lost, unfortunately.
@shinobi02179 жыл бұрын
Blake Presson It just seems that way because the ones who have lost that make the news, especially in the last couple years. It's become a popular topic, so news sources focus even more on it. Meanwhile, literally hundreds of thousands of cops across the country do the job and do it well.
@maskedman19805 жыл бұрын
Blake Presson no they haven’t...not by a long shot.
@ironman1456149 жыл бұрын
Europe doesnt have that problem
@manictiger9 жыл бұрын
ironman145614 wiki Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956 wiki Romanian_Revolution wiki Charlie_Hebdo_shooting wiki Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting wiki Toulouse_and_Montauban_shootings wiki 2015_Île-de-France_attacks wiki 7_July_2005_London_bombings
@manictiger9 жыл бұрын
manictiger wiki Ethnic_cleansing_of_Georgians_in_Abkhazia wiki 2009_attack_on_the_Dutch_Royal_Family wiki Omagh_bombing wiki Dunblane_school_massacre wiki Srebrenica_massacre wiki Greysteel_massacre wiki Hungerford_massacre wiki Remembrance_Day_bombing Just a few to think about.
@eightysbaby87984 жыл бұрын
Change your name dude. You ain't no John Chapman the boss
@KulinBan7774 жыл бұрын
Who the fook is this guy? This ain’t John Chapman I was looking for
@isawul00k9 жыл бұрын
:11sec. dud has a scope on his shit.. hahaha
@TastyNachoz9 жыл бұрын
isawul00k that's a selective magnification scope, most likely 1-4X. Works well for anywhere, with zero magnification for indoors use or 2X/3X/4X magnification for longer range use. All with the flick of a dial.
@sixteen349 жыл бұрын
isawul00k wow, two stupid comments and counting from you... first with the 5.56, now this.
@isawul00k19 жыл бұрын
+Sixteen Thirtyfour lmfao.. thanks!
@DM-qm5sc6 жыл бұрын
Isn't he a gold miner?
@adamhenry61162 жыл бұрын
Brother, please tell this to the Department of the Navy GS-0083 police. Maybe even all DOD police agencies. Tell me why we are shooting M4 at a target situated at 400 meters when police encounters are much closer than that. Tell me why at the navy’s “law enforcement security forces” qualifications for m9, that we basically run the weapon system dry and wait until our rso tells us to reload. In the field God forbid if ever I get into the shit, am I gonna wait until my weapon runs dry and someone tell me to reload?
@Onix.5566 жыл бұрын
I truly don’t mean this with disrespect....can he pass the law enforcement pt test,? remember, it’s not as hard as the military...so just curious. Time and time again I see this......what happened to “lead the way”? All people that were shown, as him the “teacher”....I bet they can.
@RM-pg4js6 жыл бұрын
GILLETE.
@dravur Жыл бұрын
Is this the same company that has a founder who paralyzed a Veteran as a cop that cost CA taxpayers $20 million, is that the same company?
@MoreAmerican9 жыл бұрын
Wtf is with the beards these days.
@isawul00k9 жыл бұрын
MoreAmerican separating the men from the boys
@MoreAmerican9 жыл бұрын
Hey, some of us are Asian and just can't grow beards. And in case you hadn't heard, most chicks don't did hairy. That is for the gay guys. haha. Just joshin, don't get all butt hurt.
@MoreAmerican9 жыл бұрын
"don't dig*" Damn these fast fingers!
@isawul00k19 жыл бұрын
MoreAmerican hahahaha...
@manictiger9 жыл бұрын
isawul00k Ironically, the saying is actually used in reverse in Special Forces. Example: _"Hell week separates the men from the boys. The men leave, leaving only the boys"._ -Colonel “Wild Bill” Donovan (If I'm not mistaken.)
@brandongarretson94757 жыл бұрын
#PosterLivesMatter
@jakehansen34185 жыл бұрын
How many doors you kicked down or denied to kick down for "illegal" sbrs? Or suppressors? Or Because someone didn't pay the state to conceal carry? No offence but if you're a cop don't talk about freedom and rights you're literally the guy the goverment sends to enforce their rules...
@elijahmparker22183 жыл бұрын
I thought this video was about the man with balls bigger than a planet not some random dude
@brandonb74963 жыл бұрын
This guy has a beard and at the same time doesnt have a beard
@dustbustr91 Жыл бұрын
very little useful content was provided here.
@ANGELSRAGE779 жыл бұрын
It's a shame that Americans allow their local law enforcement to have this kind of specialized training. It should be reserved for the military only.
@timothypadilla89109 жыл бұрын
That makes a lot of sense since soldiers are the ones you call when something goes down in your own home or neighborhood.
@ANGELSRAGE779 жыл бұрын
Timothy Padilla It makes a lot of sense since crime in this country does not constitute or justify such training for peace officers. There is no need for it. Regular well trained officers can perform most if not all of the functions that SWAT performs without the need of all that gear, weaponry, and military training. Makes me wonder how peace officers were able to do their job with only a sidearm and a shotgun. SMH.
@jskillz72399 жыл бұрын
I agree it seems like they're a bunch of wannabes why would a cop in America need multi cam to bust through your neighbors door and kill his dog ?
@SpicyMcD9 жыл бұрын
Angel R. Did we watch the same video? Unfortunately on youtube, when ANY comment starts with blah blah blah insert country here bliggity blah, there is a pretty good chance (not a betting man) that person is not speaking from the most informed position. There is a significant focus on LEOs no question, but the armed responsible citizen is mentioned plenty. Police are civilians also but get access to the fun .gov toys however. Joe blow is entirely able to get force on force training, shoot in a shoothouse etc. but on his own dime. Of course there will be LEO only things. Personally, I wouldnt be too excited about clearing a house with a plate carrier and a rifle, I dont imagine they are much different. Justification for the use of force is an entirely different story and we have seen plenty of badly conducted examples.
@ANGELSRAGE779 жыл бұрын
dirtythirdrider There is no need for multicam military gear to work within the population. We have a separate military and police for a reason. The equipment and training of today for law enforcement officers is not necessary. It is overkill. It also alters the mentality of the officers and those that come in contact with them. Other than the Bank of America incident in Hollywood, there has been no events requiring the use of force that law enforcement trains in and uses today. And even in the Hollywood incident things could have been handled better with better performance training and not all the paramilitary training and equipment of today. You can also look into how the swat teams are being used for the most part throughout the country. It is an unnecessary evil that does more harm than good. Most importantly, when the line between military and law enforcement is blurred, it becomes a problem with the values and design of our country. That is my issue. It is also just an opinion. Not one for me to force on others and not one for others to try and change. Just my point of view that I am sharing while I am still allowed to.
@dalroache7 жыл бұрын
Here's an idea to throw into your teaching when u training cops teach them not to murder innocent men and women of colour and teach the cops to realise there humanness and to have more empathy instead of always the American bully boy tactics... That's why cop s from USA are hated by alot
@MordredSimp4 жыл бұрын
I would've liked TSGT John Chapman's colleagues talking about him while you introduce a rifle based on what he used