Can a car run on Zippo lighter fluid?

Our instagram / garage__54
lighter fluid in gas tank, lighter fluid zippo, zippo lighter fluid, lighter fluid in car, lighter fluid in car gas tank, lighter fluid in engine, lighter fluid engine

[@MartyKay]

Imagine that you give your car to a mechanic for some small repair and after leaving the garage you hear ,,Hey there fellas!''

[@glennt69lol]

Fuckin lol 🤣🤣🤣

[@jerrygsvt]

There would be a delay and it says “Translation by BMI Russian”.

[@guilhermemoreira8533]

Let's do this!

[@danieldz7906]

And like a month after u visited mechanic u see ure car on youtube.

[@eliasi1668]

Dead🤣🤣

[@ThielTube]

Please Don't ever get rid of the translator! I love him

[@a20axf]

Thiel Tube anytime I hear somebody talk Russian and don’t hear “translation by BMI Russian” it feels weird!

[@gabinetgaming6745]

Honestly i would love two versions. I already forgot a lot of Russian.

[@JordanJank]

GIVE ME YOUR RUSSIAN DADDY MEAT

[@jonathanfleck5419]

Gabriel Kasprzak kzbin.info/www/bejne/pIPOlZ6eqqZ6hdE - They have a Russian only version

[@chebowes6278]

agreed 👍

[@LASR71]

Next one: "Can a russian car run on vodka?"

[@camuga3222]

Everyone laughed.

[@nikolaysmilenov7974]

Off course it can

[@Locateson]

@@camuga3222 One man applauded. His name? Isidore.

[@ale2302andy]

Only the driver can run on vodka. Stop taking my vodka you dirty Lada. suahsuahsa

[@kenvik6192]

Russian wouldn't waste Vodka in car . just get wasted drinking vodka

[@DoctorZSwarner]

Dyno test, petrol Vs lighter fluid.

[@RDCST]

YES! YES! I support the motion!

[@diyguy928]

@@RDCST ditto

[@panagiotispetropoulos3871]

ASAP

[@MSoloWacck]

Propane will have lower hp

[@IcedForce]

@A.A.Ron Davis Depends if they mean Zippo fluid, which is basicly kerosene with branding.

[@04dram04]

This puts into perspective just how cheap gasoline is in comparison

[@UberLummox]

"Cheap" as in SHIT.

[@kruleworld]

usually dilute the gasoline with benzine because it is cheaper to make.

[@ohmanyourecool1]

*benzene

[@rubenbraekman4515]

And remember 80% of the gas price is just taxes...

[@SMGJohn]

@@rubenbraekman4515 That is a lie, majority of the costs of fuel comes from shipping it and infrastructure costs, if we were talking countries like Norway for example which produce their own fuel but adds moronic amount of taxes to it, something like 800% taxes per litre.

[@Blake240p]

Next test: can you weld two motorcycles together side by side to make a car

[@nomoregears]

It's the brandnew Zippo V-POWER for every car!

[@cookingupbeats]

Love the experiments these guys do.

[@MrTripsJ]

Haha Ana kasparian

[@janglobus9384]

Our highness of truth and tolerance!

[@bobbylee2853]

It gave the car some “Zip”.

[@MrBruinman86]

O

[@piority9]

Get out

[@Geneo-en5km]

Ayoooooo......Nice Pun..

[@gastonmoreno8366]

You should have checked the sparkplugs to see the results, like youtube channel Project Farm.

[@bjornhellwege1594]

Why? Lighter fluid is so clean, it won't build up any residues

[@GrumpyIan]

@@bjornhellwege1594 could have cleaned them

[@ghettobikelife8833]

A lot of what project farm measures and tests is irrelevant- eg. taking the head off every 10 mins of running to analyze some tiny amount of ‘carbon buildup’, or comparing engine temp that’s a few degrees off between 2 tests where the engines are no load and probably hasn’t reached the max temp- and extrapolating this to eg. ‘lubrication increase- lower temp’. Can’t remember much, I don’t usually watch it but there’s a lot. He’s basically measuring everything he can, not what’s best for that test

[@peterzingler6221]

Would be white as snow

[@WilliamHollinger2019]

You call them out.

[@rastamanralph6670]

Run a diesel engine with r/c nitro fuel.

[@nathanielweaver7078]

Nitro fuel works for starting fluid in a pinch lol

[@samuelseidel6148]

Nitro rx fuel has oxygen in it

[@tomasnokechtesledger1786]

It Will blow.

[@teokarlsson305]

it wont work. Diesel engines have no sarkplugs

[@UniCrafter]

@@teokarlsson305 Neither do nitro engines. Dragsters self ignite half way down the track on nitro methane.

[@tomasnokechtesledger1786]

I've used gasoline in a Zippo. It Works fine, Just next day is already empty by evaporation.

[@jiveturkey9993]

👍👍🍻💪

[@nikonordman7624]

Should try kerosine just for shits and giggles

[@tomasnokechtesledger1786]

@@nikonordman7624 Kerosene makes Too much fuligem and It needs to be heated to light. Ethanol os better, when above 70F.

[@noone-nd4ml]

All my grandpa used to use

[@robertgary3561]

And I’m sure you smell pretty good every time you use it too. :)

[@falsebroadcast]

I’ve learned that any combustible liquid can be used as fuel

[@GrumpyIan]

That was the main selling point for the Chrysler Turbine Car. Sadly it never took off.

[@spike7269]

you can use wood gas too

[@Darndiddlyarn]

If you think that's impressive, try an old diesel that can run on any oil that's runny enough. If it's not runny enough then heat it until it is.

[@kg4boj]

@@spike7269 Not if you want your engine to last long.

[@eudnen]

But you're sacrificing efficiency/ fuel economy amongst other things by using it.

[@louisbecker5941]

107% success rate on 107 octane.👍🏼

[@WilliamHollinger2019]

108 octane is the in the top octane of all.

[@Crazywaffle5150]

He's incorrect. That fule is low octane.

[@isaiahtrevino5996]

hollingerw 2019 na na na, straight 110 octane race fuel is where it’s at

[@user-kn5sk1xr4j]

I think he was kidding about the elections there that had 107% voting rate. a few years back

[@MrBrander]

I so like it how, even when they are living in Russia, and doing all kinds of these really stupid tests, they do them really carefully and very well planned with precission. I really like that. Hats off to you good people doing these.

[@readyhd8669]

"even when they are living in Russia " - what is that supposed to mean?

[@erkinalp]

@@readyhd8669 he is implying Russia is inferior - expressing his cognitive bias

[@ericgorder1]

Hey I have an idea, have you tried charcoal lighting fluid? The stuff you use to light BBQ? It's cheaper and maybe perhaps have similar burning properties in the engine. Good job on video, I like it!

[@krystalstanley6228]

They have to

[@patthesoundguy]

The cool thing about lighter fluid is that you can store it for many years and it doesn't go bad. Its very close to regular naphtha used in camp stoves. That may also work and would still be expensive but cheaper than the lighter fluid and would be store well and if it worked like the lighter fluid in the engine it would be a great emergency replacement for gasoline

[@thetorchchannel357]

Ok, this is my new favorite video from you guys! You just demonstrated an expensive but very simple way to win an automobile race, specially short ones ! I'm guessing that the Zippo fluid is much more highly refined as it is meant to be used inside of homes as well as outdoors.

[@maximmkhushkov3011]

Someone has been watching project farm vidoes

[@billysgeo]

Yeah!

[@BeautifulAngelBlossom]

i was thinking the same thing

[@k.a.d.msrt8326]

Finally someone made a video of this. I've wondered for the longest time

[@cosminpopescu92]

Higher octane doesn't make your car go faster , it's just more resistant to compression detonation , high performance engines have a higher compression ratio which would make lower octane fuel ignite on it's own before the spark and you would get knock. So from this video I gather that the zippo fluid is actually lower octane (the knock at the beginning) and it would also make the engine a bit peppier since it probably has a lower than speck compression due to it being old and worn out

[@leonardrice2830]

Agree!

[@austinsmith6714]

Took the words out of my mouth.

[@SliKdaASS]

its lower octane, hence the knock

[@ericgorder1]

What is the octane of lighter fluid? Thanks.

[@tomasnokechtesledger1786]

Light Naphta octsne.

[@thefreedomguyuk]

@el Guapo Precisely 70 (-;

[@JavoCover]

has way less octane but vaporizes way more and faster

[@Crazywaffle5150]

Correct. He's getting pre ignition most likely.

[@veldhuijzenscooters3086]

The clear lighter fluid that was poured into the container came out yellow?

[@dezman2003]

I was thinking the same thing. Somethings not right there.

[@xluumu]

The pump and fuel lines were filled with regular fuel, so what comes out is not pure lighter fluid anymore.

[@DanielleMoren]

The fuel injector rail returns left over fluid to the pump and into the gas tank again so the fuel pump can run constantly with consistent load. Hence the yellow came from left over petrol in the fuel injector rail.

[@JoseARomo-qv5fk]

There's leftover gas in a lot of places within the fuel system. The Zippo fluid will be tainted as soon as it goes in

[@ESPNsPeacockbassProfessor]

Could be a saturated yellow filter in the fuel pump contaminating the clear fluid

[@rammbostein]

This put a smile on my face, thank you for sharing!

[@haujeancontactee]

I enjoy his laugh when he gets excited because something just might blow up.

[@CustomcrowdMitroc]

do a video on cutting the timing belt on a running car to see the havoc it causes on the engine

[@HDXFH]

Neutral drop tried that with a Honda VTEC, funny as

[@6226superhurricane]

i'm guessing most russian cars would have non interference engines

[@billietyree6139]

Back in the 60s, on my way to work, ran out of gas and rolled to a stop in front of a convenience store, with a gas station in sight in the distance. Ran into the store and bought a few large cans of lighter fluid which got me to the gas station. Not recommended for long periods of time due to preignition. Lighter fluid, nail polish remover, acetone, all the same except for the perfume. Much later, in the 80s I found I was running low on fuel in my diesel rabbet on an interstate in Indiana with a few miles to go to a truck stop. Turned off the interstate into a small town with a grocery store. Went inside and bought a couple of bottles of pure corn oil. Back on the interstate, low power, top speed 45mph, low mileage, smell of French fries all the way to the diesel pump at the truck stop. No bad side effects. Wouldn't recommend it as a regular diet, but doable in a pinch.

[@randomtask9643]

Omg I swear, Garage 54, sometimes the title of your videos makes me bust up laughing before I see the video.

[@hbirtic146]

Fill the engine with engine oil all the way to the cap

[@billg7205]

There was a guy at tech school who actually did that. He looked and acted just like Jim from Taxi, back when the show was running. He wasn't quite all there. One of the instructors had him charge oil to the parts desk and change the oil in one of his friend's cars, that he had brought to the school. Took something like 3 cases to fill a small block Chevy to the top of the valve covers. Somehow nobody around caught it, and it only became obvious when the instructor saw all the cases and empty bottles laying around. They had to drain it down to the fill level, and clean the plugs several times as it took a few runs before they stopped fouling.

[@-never-gonna-give-you-up-]

He put clear fluid in the fuel bucket....after it ran for 18 min he checked how much lighter fluid was left in...and it was suddenly yellow....

[@eddickinson12]

was looking for this comment cause I noticed that as well but didn't want to claim first XD

[@MMGJ10]

Yeah, noticed the same thing and can't think of an explanation. Even if it was tainted with a little gas it wouldn't turn that yellow. Idk

[@astromatel]

What to expect, he had the fuel return line back in the jug ;p so any remains of gasoline got picked up on the way back.

[@MMGJ10]

@@astromatel ah. Ok

[@allothernamesbutthis]

maybe it cleaned the filter ?

[@toastybeer]

thanks for doing this... i was very curious about the subject matter

[@mindujiman]

Just like the ZAZ Tavria commercial! This is a Slavuta, but it's practically the same.

[@themancalledx1342]

Naptha is what lighter fluid is and its waaaaaay cheaper

[@thefreedomguyuk]

Pop down to the shop and buy a gallon lighter fluid. Then come back here to discuss prices !

[@bernardfender5147]

Errrr.... no on both counts!

[@thefreedomguyuk]

@@bernardfender5147 Lighter fluid IS actually Naphtha.

[@peterzingler6221]

Back when I was young I went to the closed gas stations at night and filled my zippo with the gas that was still in the pump hoses. Worked no problem

[@pizzablender]

Buy you have gotten get some lead in doing so.

[@rupe53]

@@pizzablender ... I also did that and after a few weeks that distinctive "click" in the lid went away. (anti-knock) Yup, lead is also a lubricant!

[@thefreedomguyuk]

But you'd have to refill every night, due to the petrol being volatile and rapidly evaporating. And the Zippo stinks!

[@billg7205]

Might be able to mix oil with the gasoline when used in a lighter, to slow the evaporation rate down.

[@aksolartechnologieskriskan6668]

Hey there fellas, I love your videos and all the excitements you doo and I was wondering if I can run my bike on the zipo stuff I guess I will make a video

[@Reziac]

What's with the fancy herringbone paint job on that other car?

[@zigginzag584]

We must find really cheap gasoline replacement. How about fermented potatoes?

[@jordan9339]

Fermented grapes are better. Cheers!

[@HDCFORLIFE]

Higher octane doesn't mean more energy density. :)

[@costistoiciu4863]

Don't speak sense, we are here just for nonsensical fun

[@sleeptyper]

It does mean higher compression ratios and thus better efficiency, but for that you need to modify or change the engine.

[@6sicSIX]

@@sleeptyper or buy a car that only runs on 98 RON with a high compression ratio :)

[@clarkcolt45]

@@6sicSIX ford granada 1985 or earlier only likes 98 octane leaded fuel lol, had to buy "lead addative" fake lead and pour in the tank

[@VNCTHE1]

Exactly, infact it means the opposite. Less energy density because of the additives to raise the octane

[@63ch31]

Would love to see a 0-100km/h comparison between the fuels

[@s7Switch]

how did you make the zippo fluid change color? was clear at first and at the end its piss yellow like gas

[@TheEnno64]

i wonder what the spark plugs look like :D

[@anthonyjcarolan3161]

You should run the car on WD40 fluid that would be a good 👍 video 📷 I love ❤️ your video 📷 the are the best I just can't wait for the next video 📷 #CarRunonWD40

[@pavelstencel7672]

somebody did it : kzbin.info/www/bejne/f2LUqIOsjZmhfaM

[@thefreedomguyuk]

WD-40 mainly kerosene. A diesel engine can run on kerosene without any problems. A petrol engine is more complicated. If you take a cold petrol engine, and feed it kerosene, it will flatly refuse to start. But if you start the engine up on petrol, run it to normal operating temperature, and then switch the fuel to kerosene, that very same engine will now happily run on kerosene. Cars can run on kerosene, but you won't get much mileage, and your power output will be reduced.

[@francoisdvanderwesthuizen6772]

We use wd40 in the winter to start up the older tractors, works just fine...

[@thefreedomguyuk]

@@francoisdvanderwesthuizen6772 i take it they are diesels ?

[@francoisdvanderwesthuizen6772]

@@thefreedomguyuk around here diesel is the thing

[@jvdbossc]

The lighter fluid used to be available in europe unbranded at some gas stations and was used for example for dangerous welding devices to have a cleaner burn without harming the user. That is if you manage to heat them up without setting yourself or your property on fire. (they are probably not allowed for 50 years now) I remember buying the same fluid and it costed only 2 x the price of normal gasoline it worked the same as the zippo fluid, but at a fraction of the cost. So basically you might have discovered something. I see the same type of fuel still being sold for machines to have a cleaner burn. That is a about 20 EU for 5 liters branded for machine use.

[@christophercarson3143]

Have you thrown a bottle or 2 into a tank with petrol to see if it improves petrol?

[@nitromania1914]

There were 5 cans on the hood but 4 cans in the close up lol

[@harbl2479]

Plot twist: they drank the rest

[@Eray2007]

Iliminati confirmed

[@cornovii3012]

I had 6 cans when i started watching this, half way through one mysteriously vanished and i'm the only one here. SPOOKY.

[@stoneheart9679]

Objects are closer than they appear.

[@rootbeer666]

A true Russian story right there. They had 6 cans for the project, by the time camera started rolling only 5 were left, and as you saw, only 4 were available by the time the experiment started. In Russia, things just tend to walk away on their own. They say "homyak pojral".

[@MsMaxx88]

That's exactly what i wanted to do 12 years ago on my old ford escort :D

[@noizyneighbour5790]

Methylated spirits as a trial! The exhaust fumes would be awesome 😊

[@pauljs75]

A large portion of the petroleum distillate blend in gasoline is naptha (same thing as lighter fluid), so I don't see why it wouldn't work. Only thing is that it misses the detergents and other components of gasoline (heptane, xylene, toulene, etc.) that would determine the proper octane rating. Will run, but some things will be off a bit.

[@stpstudios]

"White Gas"

[@fkingride.5500]

6:26 it went in clear and came out yellow! why?

[@iameatingtrifle]

The fuel system would still have residue petrol in it when the lighter fuel was put in. Its fuel injected so it has a fuel rail, injectors, fuel filter, fuel pump etc, these things would all hold fuel when the car stopped running after the petrol ran out. The system returns unused fuel to the fuel container to keep the pressure constant in the fuel rail, this would contaminate the pure lighter fuel in the container hence the yellow colour at the end. No conspiricy here :)

[@ernieblinky]

I wonder if you can use it as a octane booster, and mix a can with your regular fuel ? Asking for a friend.

[@nikolaysmilenov7974]

After running the car with regular 95 octane the engine was actually warmed up. So running afterwards with Zippo fuel was more efficient and ran longer with same amount of fuel. Or the engine was cooled down before the Zippo attend?

[@tylerbonser7686]

I've been doing a test to see if I can run on broken dreams and empty promises. So far yes.

[@darkthings64]

An ECU in this ? 😂😂

[@walterwallace1328]

Well it is fuel injected.

[@joshuarankin1905]

I've been to the ZIPPO®™ Factory... Pretty neat place!

[@qibble455]

Okay I admit I clicked on this right away hehehe. Great video.

[@lindsayk41]

I always use 2 cans of zippo fluid in my car to a full tank! I thought everyone new this???

[@mongolsmffm4829]

*knew

[@lindsayk41]

@@mongolsmffm4829 O wow your so smart can u tell everyone how that feels

[@nicolecarlson8869]

I'm pretty sure lighter fluid is just highly refined diesel . try it in a diesel engine

[@claw-machinesNL]

Its refined gasoline

[@dieselgeezer18]

if its highly refined diesel then it wouldn't run. Diesel can't ignite from a spark plug

[@macc4]

Can you use alcohol as coolant in your radiator? Iv ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW

[@kevinguy3036]

Simply Yes it is Power Kerosine, they used it years ago when it was cheaper than Petrol

[@barrybambmessagedeletedbyy7467]

Can a Russian run on gasoline?

[@miguelribeiro3103]

Only alcohol

[@glennt69lol]

High octane vodka

[@adrianbadea1179]

Try paint thinner, kerosene... Use pork lard mixed with linseed oil to replace the normal car engine oil... 😁

[@TheJerry834]

Linseed oil will gunk up the system, bad idea.

[@MrJec1129]

Hey ever thought about using Goo gone cleaner mixed in gas to clean pistons and valves and carbon build up!!! That would be very interesting too see

[@daveyspider]

vlad it must be a lighter car now eh.great vid

[@Slammedeth10]

Damn that gas is yellow. Even the lowest grade is mostly clear here.

[@scammerovich4837]

Iirc they colour all the fuels slightly differently in russia. I go to refuel there every now and then. The 95 octane there is just normal 95 Euro Octane with ~10% ethanol

[@clarkcolt45]

Its yellow in sweden too with 10% ethanol since about 10 years ago or a bit longer

[@Kalvinjj]

Around here I think Esso or dunno which station used to color it red to differentiate for some reason. Avgas is usually blue too, I wouldn't correlate too much the color with quality, rather it's clearness

[@chebowes6278]

who else gets high to this guys videos 😂

[@RDJ2]

Me. But I get high to absolutely fucking anything.

[@axlslak]

I don't know much about gasoline, but I do know about Zippos having owned several over the last 30 years. The thing about Zippo fuel is that it has to burn completely. It can't leave any traces behind. Think about it, after a while, you burn the stuff that burns, but the lighter becomes clogged with stuff that doesn't burn. You could put some of the fuel on like a fire resistant material and burn it. Observe to results. First, how easy it is to light it with just a spark. Zippo fuel is highly flammable. Second, look at anything you can burn and look at the results after. Zippo fuel is the only one that leaves nothing behind. Like alcohol leaves a tiny amount of water. Some sort of petrol leaves some types of oils. Diesel wont even fire up if it's not heated.

[@forgotten4215]

Now we need a comparison between Zippo fluid and racing fuel on the dino

[@thefreedomguyuk]

Can give you the ballpark figures : Petrol 100 bhp Zippo 60 bhp

[@Beefbikes]

I Tried this on a moped 😂😳👍

[@JordanJank]

GIVE ME YOUR RUSSIAN DADDY MEAT

[@Sura2333]

@@JordanJank 😂 😂 😂 w t f

[@-sargntclashroyaleandmore-491]

Then again russian fuel is low octane and not the best in quality

[@dr.eurobeat619]

Nowadays, low octane fuel in russia is hard to find. Usually the lowest octane fuel on the gas stations is 92, sometimes you can find 80-octane fuel but it's very rare. Though, you're right about the quality.

[@Dr_prepper.]

I have some model hit miss engines that run off of zippo fuel. It’s not as hot as gas and keeps the engine cooler when running.

[@LordGryllwotth]

I want to try it on a car that was tuned for it! But I guess there is less expensive fuel that works just as good?

[@arcadia3791]

This is like a breakthrough

[@andreashagemann1627]

Please make a video, where you test the difference on a dyno! And go crazy on the track

[@claw-machinesNL]

I used it to check if an engine would still start works very well

[@staticspot7730]

THIS DUDE IS CRAZY

[@rendHELL06]

have you tried high alcohol liquors like vodka as fuel??

[@jdracer111]

Lighter fluid doesn't have any lubricants in it though. The engine will blow faster with the thinner fuel. It'll Knock without the octane lube in it. Blow it up. Let's see the flames. Alot of power though.

[@Oatmealism]

Zippo Lighter Fluid is a light petroleum distillate known as Naphtha, and has been looked at as a low soot-low NOx emission alternative to standard gasoline. I can't find any numbers online about the octane rating of Naphtha, but I would assume that its not got that great of an octane rating, as it was not formulated to run in gasoline engines. Gasoline alternative Naphtha though, if you can find it, may have comparable octane to pump gas.

[@KanisAutomotiveStuff]

The octane number doesent affect this test, it only affects how prone it ist to knock . The energy density might be higher tho

[@scunnerdarkly4929]

In the UK at least Zippos and lookalikes are also sometimes referred to petrol lighters. Gas station petrol works just fine in them, much cheaper too 😁

[@badbanano]

Coleman or camping fuel is Naptha, same as lighter fluid but cheaper. A ration of 20% might also work and is cost effective.

[@vbnhgjhj988]

Why is zippo fluid so yellow when he measures how much is left? it was clear before. i dont think its because of back flow.

[@Pelocot]

Superbe vidéo ! Pourriez-vous tester sur une voiture la différence entre rouler à l'essence classique et rouler à l'essence avec un mélange d'huile 2 temps ? Cela peut paraître bizarre mais ça ferait une vidéo intéressante :) Bonne continuation

[@HobbyOrganist]

the lighter fluid is about 50% VM&P Naptha which is sold in paint stores cheaper.

[@heathfox573]

how come the lighter fluid which is clear , came back out of the pot the same color as gasoline ?

[@seetheforest]

What if you buy your lighter fluid in 55 gal drums?

[@leefowley4033]

Love you guys keep it up

[@stephenkeenan1926]

Would be good to see how the performance differs on petrol to lighter fluid good to see a time difference over a set difference

[@white_shadow_123]

I think is just has a bit lower octane rating. If you boosted it with something or added higher octane rating fuel to the mix it would work just like any gasoline.

[@jjss1429]

What about seeing how high can you rev a traditional Lada engine? Can you do small mods and reach 9000 rpm??

[@pieseasmyseas]

I've used it as starter fluid works good

[@kooppis]

the zippo fluid became yellow after test? mixed somehow with normal fuel

[@ogdan1173]

Hello. Dacia Duster or Lada Vesta?

[@mwbgaming28]

I half expected this to be a project farm video

[@2muchspl]

I clicked play so fast, felt like a Project Farm video. Much ♥️ from Indiana!!!!

[@frydemwingz]

I needed the car version after watching the project farm video

[@KodyAWSOME]

You should really revisit this.

[@Momo_Kawashima]

Of course it works, zippo fluid is high octane gasoline (around 90 octanes)

[@drPagi33]

Yes it works, before 20 years i put it to my 2 stroke ETZ 250 motobike.