Can water make Jet engines stronger?!

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Can water actually make Jet-engines stronger? How does the Jet-engine actually work and how can water be dangerous for the function of Jet-engines on modern aircraft?
In todays video I will deal with this question that was sent in by one of YOU. Water in jet-engines is a fascinating subject so make sure you stay to the end of the video to avoid missing any of the little aviation nuggets I have buried in there for you!
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I want to send a special thank you to the channels featured in todays video! All of the little clips you saw are only parts of some really informative videos that I highly recommend that you check out. All links (with descriptions) below!
Real Engineering (How a jet engine works)
• Jet Engine, How it works?
David Chung (Jet engine water test)
• Rolls-Royce Engine Wat...
Safran (CFM) - Leap engine explanation
• How does a jet engine ...
JetA1Terminator (Ignitor)
• Jet Engine/Turboshaft ...
Taylor Made Potpourri (Water injection Takeoff)
• B52G/ KC-135A Water In...
Oisiaa (More B53 Water injection TO)
• Minimum Interval Takeo...

[@edohitoki]

Very educating vlog for common people like me, especially who likes to go somewhere with airplanes. Maybe you can put some video about critical parts on airplane such which components must be replaced immediately or not replaced (temporary). I'm sure it'll affect airplane performance. Keep on going mentor!

[@franswahyu6831]

It's also interesting how Airlines especially LCC with high cycle time everyday manage with that problem..or the job itself

[@Webbbby]

@@franswahyu6831 f

[@EATSLEEPJD]

That will be a long ass video haha. We have MEL (Minimum equipment list) Ex: You can lock out an Engine bleed system. NEF (Non Essential Furnishing) Stuff like seat back trays etc that can be working/missing and still be ok. and CDL, lets say you have a access door damage on the oil servicing door you can actually remove it and fly. Also can remove the thrust reverser blocker doors etc.

[@MrUFCnut]

I always thought that if you joined a plane in four sections that could be separated by some sort of ejection or release mechanism separately on by one to free fall. Then a giant parachute to carry it down to an unpleasant but survivable landing. Thing is I'm no maths wizard or engineer so wondered if a plane connected in four tubular units would handle the stresses of flight? Also is there a parachute that could carry a 1/4 of a plane with its passengers? It's always been in my head that idea.

[@bZLxcz]

@@MrUFCnut its almost physically impossible to do that lol

[@AsteroSSB]

Every time he says: OK?? I nod my head obediently :)

[@WOODBARK100]

Thanks for the little chuckle - saying "ok" and "do you follow me" etc. after making a point, is not really cool.

[@fehlrock]

Lol

[@mramces3716]

@@WOODBARK100 he's doing it like a teacher, and as a teacher i can tell ya, he's cool, and doing alright 😁

[@emefalily7869]

Where does water why does the small Thailand the airplane

[@mario-vena-barista]

Same here!😄😄

[@dalechristensen3640]

I've flown a 707 in the densest rain you can imagine, low in the Florida panhandle. It was so heavy you would have thought the A/C was underwater. Those engines just sucked that rain in and spit it out like nothing. I was a little concerned at first, then amazed towards the end. Impressive as heck.

[@mickydee7502]

was it as impressive as heck?

[@dalechristensen3640]

@@mickydee7502 It was, you had to be there. Kept thinking that one of the engines would have flamed out, but none did.

[@mickydee7502]

@@dalechristensen3640 mint

[@Raptorman0909]

The B-52 used water injection to increase thrust on takeoff -- I worked on them (G models) in the late 70's.

[@s.eashwar4894]

Cool!

[@stevekirkham5193]

I lived next to Strategic Air Command's Offut Air Base as a little boy for several years. B-52's were always taking off over our house on full water injection. They'd shake the neighborhood.

[@mktsmith62]

We had the G-models on Fairchild well into the 80s. Everyone in base housing knew when they were doing water runs on the test pad. The ground rumble the B-52G produced was actually very similar to what I felt during a Saturn V launch. Wicked powerful feeling.

[@oxcart4172]

Wasn't that alcohol and water?

[@mktsmith62]

@@oxcart4172 No. I asked that question once myself. The system injected water into the compressors [stage 3? not sure, don't remember and too lazy to look it up right now]. Once heated to the burn temps, water has a phenomenal expansion ratio to generate thrust. Downside is that it also cooled the engine enough to cause the thick black smoke (unburned fuel). The H-model got newer engines that didn't need water for the added thrust during launch.

[@unusualbydefault]

BTW, I just love seeing how relaxed your dogs are. Clearly a sign of safety and dedication in your part.

[@harpomarx7777]

A "flame out" is whenever the flames in the engine "flames out". That's profound.

[@MentourPilot]

Thank you.. I was very proud of that one 😂

[@jamess9939]

😂😂😂😂

[@fukkitful]

Wouldn't be surprised if some ppl couldn't make that connection lol

[@belkenator]

Wait until he talks about the 'cockpit'.

[@mrabrasive51]

I think the dogs have heard this story before!!

[@MentourPilot]

Hahaha!

[@shahulhameed-qc8ds]

Dog so cute ....🤩🤩

[@rollingstone3652]

They already know all of this stuff.

[@melaD333]

not impressed 😂

[@Thegaoat]

Lol his pups are always so calm!😍

[@Chris_at_Home]

When I was in the Navy I remember taking off from a military airport in Brazil where the density altitude was high because of the temperature and we had to use water alcohol injection. This was in a P3 A Orion.

[@Quasihamster]

Mentour:" Can water make jet engines stronger?" Sully: "Nope, that didn't help anything whatsoever."

[@killer1479]

LOL

[@keiceefitero1047]

No,But the truth is yes

[@Tpr_1808]

The engines flamed due to bird strikes anyways

[@pasikkster]

Love these videos. I've always wanted to ask: upon touching down, how much braking comes from the wheel brakes versus the thrust reversers? Seems that some pilots just hit the reversers for just a few seconds, others use it longer.

[@Ethernet480]

Love the channel. I’m an automotive engineer and never piloted a plane but have always been fascinated with aviation.

[@janimattie]

This is one of the best continuous youtube video channels I've watched. I'm not a pilot, but I do have a certain level of interest in how civilian and military airplanes operate and the planes itself. This channel has provided me awith a lot of answers to things I may have noticed but never really questioned. The one video that explains, why the engines seem to slow down during take off, actually solved one puzzle I've been thinking about every once and a while, when I'm flying. I've watched about 10 of your videos so far. I like that the videos are often short. Keep it that way. Short and many!

[@joewachter6400]

The Harrier Jump Jet also uses water injection when landing and/or taking off vertically for the same reasons you described.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

And to reduce engine/nozzle temp.

[@MarkoDash]

@@gordonlawrence4749 without it they tended to start fires and heat deck plates.

[@jamesodowd4063]

Mentour love it as always. Could you do a vid on the radios in depth on the 73, cheers

[@kandaman304]

I've ALWAYS wondered the same thing. It's a fascinating topic! Thanks for the explanation.

[@zizsee]

I just realized that you have two dogs.

[@Astronetics]

I haven't seen the white one in his most recent videos. I'm too afraid to ask why.

[@muhamedalthaf4463]

@@Astronetics me too

[@amardeep46]

I always thought he bleached it to make white and dyed it when he wanted brown!

[@RaferJeffersonIII]

Hey man, I did 15 hours as a kid but my eyesight stopped me having an aviation career. Glad you are living the dream. Love your vids. Flying micro lights when I can. Cheers mate 👍

[@kanthikiiran]

It really is a good question which you've answered, Mr. Mentour. Great explanation.

[@jg2627]

I love your videos! Only just discovered them; you explain things so succinctly, in a way both technical and non-technical people can wrap their heads around and enjoy. Any cadet who is mentored by you must gain a lot and are extremely lucky. Good luck 👍

[@unk1964]

I am absolutely amazed with your dogs. They are so mellow! I had a bichon as a child and a mini poodle, they commanded attention 24/7, absolutely beautiful dogs.

[@maximlobada573]

Two flamed out dogs are awesome there. Lost the track of the video a couple of times because of them. Keep up the good work!

[@RishabhTatiraju]

14:33 The dog be like "wtf just happened?" Love all your videos!

[@CHESSmaster69SH]

I love your videos! Very informative and professional! Can you do a video on MELs? I'm studying for my Commercial and I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around them. I think I understand how they work but it's always reassuring to have someone, who has applied the topic in the real world, explain it.

[@SpecialEDy]

The water expands into steam from the exhaust gas temperature. During combustion, air and jet fuel at perfect stoichiometric ratio expands to something like 5 times it's original volume, this along with the increased temperature drive the turbine. Water expands from roughly 2000 to 4000 times it's original volume as steam at the temperatures you'd see inside a jet engine exhaust.

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

Steam power!

[@hernanposnansky7154]

The fuel to air ratio on a gasturbine engine is far below the stoichiometric ratio of about 1:14, why? The turbine inlet gas temperature must be limited to retain the structural integrity of the turbine blades. Today that temperature is less than 1500°C, with turbine blade ceramic coating and internal cooling . Any over temperature will allow the turbine blade to 'creep' and rub against the housing. That is one of the functions of the fuel controller ( FADEC) to limit the fuel flow during acceleration. Adding water will certainly help.

[@andrews13]

@Special EDy : Well explained than the video!

[@pootispiker2866]

Uh, no. All water does is evaporate, cooling the air because of a thing called preservation of energy. You do not magically gain thrust from steam. That could only happen in the engine core where that gained thrust is lost entirely from losses to bleed air and other parasitic loads. It's the same reason supercars and some drag cars use it. It cools the incoming air extremely effectively, which makes the engine able to cram more air in to burn. There is no "steam propulsion" mechanism going on here. Nor is the water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen as others suggest. Middle school science is worth paying attention to...

[@SpecialEDy]

@@pootispiker2866 All combustion engines run entirely off of heat energy. A jet engine or piston engine converts fuel and oxygen into heat, the heat increases the pressure of the air, and that expanded air is converted into mechanical energy. Adding liquid water to the combustion increases the efficiency of the engine because it expands and increases the amount of energy that's able to be extracted. If you vaporize the water, it will cool the intake air, allowing more air to be ingested by the engine, and it will effectively increase the detonation resistance of the engine. But, liquid water entering the combustion chamber will increase the conversion of heat energy to mechanical energy.

[@doddsy6666]

Greetings from Australia 🇦🇺 I love your videos Mentour. Every video I watch in detail. I'm an Aviation enthusiast and your videos help me understand certain concepts. Keep up the good work mate and I can't thank you highly enough!! By the way your puppy is so cute and adorable!! 🙏🏻👍

[@paulgracey4697]

I knew that water injection was used for older pure turbojets, but did not know some of the updated low bypass engines were still equipped to use it. Thanks. I once had a turbocharged Corvair that used water injection too.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

Modern Harriers use it both in hover (to get more thrust and to cool the engine/exhaust) and for extra thrust on takeoff. I think the early ones did too but don't have data.

[@lancairw867]

Even turbo props used water/methanol injection (British Jetstream J31). Also modern BMW kinda special edition track car M3 has water injection.

[@U2WB]

Excellent video ! Your calm, scientific explanations have been very helpful to this one fearful flyer. I have a question: Is it possible for turbulence to be severe enough to lift one wing and cause the plane to invert ? And second, mostly hypothetical, question is would it be possible for a commercial aircraft to recover from an inverted attitude at cruising altitude ?

[@nansubugaester7348]

I absolutely fell in love with the dogs... Lovely

[@benjaminbenavidesiglesias52]

For sure ! But I don't see them interested in the captain's explanation

[@richardc1983]

Could you do a video talking about the air conditioning PACKS work please? Always interested in the air con systems and air cycle machines. Also how clean is cabin air? Do you use 100% outside air or recirculate a lot of it?

[@daffidavit]

@Mentour Pilot This is one of your better podcasts for understanding how jet engines work in bad weather. I've flown "pistons" for years (some of them even had wings on them). But this podcast answers many questions about jets. Please know that many of us who "think" we know a lot about aviation are still aviation students. BTW, any piston driver who loves WWII vintage airplanes will know that "water injection" was used as "War Emergency Power" in fighter planes during the great war. The Merlin engines in P-51s as well as in many other earlier fighter aircraft during WWII had a special water a tank inside the engine compartment. When full power was applied in a P-51 it was known as " full military power". However in case of an emergency when the pilot needed an extra boost, he would advance the throttle into a special detent called: "War Emergency Power". This setting would induce water from the special tank to be injected into the pistons so as to cool them down thus allowing the cylinder head temperatures (CHTs) to remain cool in an acceptable range for about two minutes. The extra boost was limited for a short time so not to exceed the engine limitations, but it would be enough to allow the fighter to climb or outrun an enemy in a dogfight. Water injection began with piston engines and is not limited to jets. I'm sure there are many piston aviation history buffs out there who know more about this; however, there also may be young aviation enthusiasts here who are eager to learn about aviation history. I want to thank you for your great aviation podcasts. (BTW, is the term "Podcast" becoming archaic)?

[@annnonymous9791]

daffidavit Hi! Just a quick question. If I go up in the P-51Mustang this spring with the Collings Foundation, & we zip around for half an hour & do 3 barrel rolls (non-consecutive), how fast do you think I'll be going...tops? (I've heard guestimates of 200-400 mph) What do you think?

[@daffidavit]

@@annnonymous9791 I've seen a KZbin video on this subject. I even believe they used a P-51 for demonstrations. I don't recall the recommended airspeeds for doing loops or aileron rolls. Sorry. However, I'm sure a little research here or on Google will give you the answer. Just for the fun of it, I'm going to guess at the recommended airspeeds for a loop, barrel roll and an aileron roll in a P-51. After you do your research, please come back here and post how far off I was or am. I'm going to guess that the entry speed of an unloaded P-51 without bombs or other parasite drag devices are approximate as follows. 1. aileron roll: about 200 kts. 2. Loop: Around 200-220 kts. 3. A barrel roll probably faster because the roll requires an initial climb and dissipates airspeed before it finishes about the same speed it began from. My guess is 250 Kts. entry for the barrel roll. I'm sure WWII pilots in combat were experimental test pilots and probably did things no P51 pilot would ever consider doing today. When a pilot is in a real dogfight, he is not going to try to achieve the exact proper airspeed to do a loop or a roll. He knows in his mind what he can get away with under the circumstances. The amount of fuel remaining can determine how light the plan is and whether he can do a loop at a slower airspeed than at gross. Also, when at war when your butt in hanging out, you don't care so much about the integrity of strength of your airplane. You just pray to God that the next maneuver will save you from being shot down. The P51 was a very slick airplane with low drag. But it was heavy and had a powerful engine as well. After you speak with an instructor or owner of a P51, please return here and provide us with the numbers necessary to do the aerobatic maneuvers you asked about. I'd also like to know the stall speeds with flaps and gear hanging out. I'd like to know how slowly it could fly with power before it would depart from a flight. I hope that helped.

[@kitemanmusic]

Thanks for an interesting video. You have the ability to explain the subject without any edits! Amazing!

[@richardgangaram462]

Thanks sir I have always wanted to ask about water entering the engine and the effects . Your postings r extremely enlightening

[@sadeeshjohn896]

Very informative! The dogs seems to be unaffected, though.

[@jeebusk]

Very good explanation, thanks again!

[@Sykesee]

As always, very interesting and confidence building for us nervous flyers. Thank you sir!

[@jorgemak8202]

Thank you sensei for this app. Really love aviation. Hope this year start studying aviation.

[@houmanrm]

Excellent, thanks !

[@EATSLEEPJD]

Rain/Water actually improves the performance of an Engine. Hence the reason for Engine washes. - When the EGT margin drops below a threshold we keep an eye on it and schedule a wash. Once the core wash is done we see great improvement in EGT margin thus keeping the Engine from over temping when taking out of high altitude or hot cities in general. - So yes, in short water does improve the performance. What it does is cleans and opens up the cooling holes on the turbine blades thus improving efficiency. If a water wash doesn't do it another option is detergent wash. I need to start making some videos lol.

[@unusualbydefault]

Please do!

[@patrickmonks9761]

So much to learn listening. Fun to see how physics is used! Always love science. You do a great job of explaining and relating!

[@edwordwhy9491]

I love it, you did get a green pillow for the right side of the couch. So, I am a life long aviation fan. I love all things aviation and I have to say that I watch a lot of KZbin videos on the subject. You channel is the one that answers all the little questions I have as I, a somewhat nervous flier, always ponder in flight. Thank you for taking the time to explain things, I always wondered what effect water has on an airplane engine. Now I will be a less nervous flier thanks to you. And your doggie is the best. Cheers!

[@rlicon1970]

As a plumber in the USAF I use to make water for the older tankers aka refuelers and the B-52 bombers has water injection jet engines.

[@MentourPilot]

Cool!!

[@Repented008]

@@MentourPilot Did the 727 have such a water injection system?

[@harrisonduchaine6856]

@IronCurtainPrepper Are we here for politics or aviation ?

[@anirudhkrishnamittal6180]

@IronCurtainPrepper Dude don't kill the vibe

[@StringerNews1]

Ah yes, built when man thought he could burn water, I remember those days! The Pratt & Whitney J57 was used in the KC-135 Stratotanker as well, and the civilian JT3C in early B707 aircraft. As a young child I can remember seeing the black plumes made by water injection engines during the takeoff roll. Back then the soot and noise was a point of pride!

[@TheNecromancer6666]

You can use water to optimize Performance on any combustion engine. It reduces temperature and raises gas expansion. So you can put more t load in the engine without risking too high internal temps and have more power from the get go.

[@DigBipper188]

100% This. it's why a lot of really high horsepower cars running on pump gas will have water/meth injection. It reduces the chances of pinging and detonation brought on by the higher than normal cylinder pressures and temperatures that can easily happen in a boosted engine.

[@TheNecromancer6666]

@@DigBipper188 and while it cooles the combustion, which would reduce Power normally, the expanding steam compensates for that.

[@DigBipper188]

@@TheNecromancer6666 precisely :) You can't overdo it though unless you wanna lose the power you gained or hydolock :)

[@sumanbhusal4254]

Watching this whenever got a min..very educative....please keep making such good work....keep it up

[@johndoeherty7934]

Very informative, and reasonably easy to understand...particularly for flight enthusiasts like me, who have no special education or flight training. Thank you for this and all your other videos!

[@richtrost2676]

I really enjoy your videos, as someone who's been fascinated by aircraft from childhood but never had the opportunity to take flight training. All my flying is feet on the ground holding a R/C transmitter. I wonder if you might explain one day what compressor stall is and what causes it. It's mentioned often but without technical explanation.

[@MentourPilot]

That can definitely be done.

[@richtrost2676]

Thanks! Looking forward to that.

[@johncatty6560]

In the 90s I witnessed an engine surge on a PA200 Tornado during an engine test run. After the engine mechanic in the cockpit selected the afterburner (moving the PLD into 'Reheat' position) the (at that time fairly new) digital engine control unit started the automatic parameter settings selection for several afterburner thrust stages. I don't remember if there were 11 or 13 stages - I am getting old ;) Anyway, when the final stage had been reached the pressure from the afterburner flame had increased to an unhealthy operational level which caused a surge / stall signalled by a loud bang. The flames were shooting out from the intake of the engine. My fellow mechanic who was standing next to the fire extinguisher discharged the whole thing into the engine intake. Luckily nobody was injured. Thinking about that story brings back good memories. It is quite impressive to stand around ten yards next to an aircraft with the afterburner running at full thrust :)

[@RevElaineNjerveZack7]

Awesome video.

[@JakePalmer13]

Man, I wish I would have found this channel when I was at Embry Riddle learning to fly. This entire channel would have been very useful!

[@davidandjessicaclay2333]

In the Fairchild Metroliners we regularly use CAWI (continuous alcohol and water injection) to assist with performance requirements during take off. It's pretty cool to watch the torque gauges jump about 30 percent when you flick the CAWI switch on.

[@ayushgarg6069]

Hi mentour when i decided to be a pilot i started watching ur videos . Nd i must say interest in aviation is increasing day by day. nd i hope to get selected in my cadet selection next month in india...😊

[@gordonlawrence4749]

Good luck. Also remember you are likely to get more than just one crack at it if you work hard.

[@beefcs5302]

Thank you for an amazing video! Really learned a lot here :D

[@MentourPilot]

Excellent! That’s what I was hoping for!

[@harrydoherty8299]

thanks for the clear explanation of waters affects on a jet engine plus details beyond things i could ever think of .

[@FallLineJP]

Great video, thank you! Very interesting to learn about the way that the water injection works. I had assumed it would have something to do with keeping combustion temps in check when increasing thrust, similar to anti-knock systems on Otto cycle engines. Turns out, it’s just about adding more mass to push against. Fascinating! 👏

[@kicikici5]

Wow!New info for me, thank you for video🤗I like this technical subject.

[@MentourPilot]

Great!! That’s what I was hoping for

[@kicikici5]

@@MentourPilot 😎......and what about fly during -20 C by Airbus 320?

[@serhatb55]

Such a great explanation as always! Next gen G80 BMW M3 and M4, which are soon to be released, will also have a water injection system. I dont know if it’s technically similiar but it provides the same benefit, cools down the inner temperature of the 3.0 liters inline-6 and helps for a good 500hp to be produced (current M4 GTS is already good for a 493 hp)

[@gordonlawrence4749]

Believe it or not this was done in rally cars in the 80's. It works on a slightly different mechanism IE the gas volume law and effectively turns your car into a form of steam engine for part of the time if it works anything like the old system. Basically 1 mole of any gas is 24 litres at room temperature and pressure. 1 mole of water is 18g or 18cc at 4C. Squirt just 1cc of water into a cylinder (which is 500CC in a 5 cylinder 3L car) and it will try and turn into about 2.6 litres of gas (because of the high temp). So since it is restricted to 250cc of space at the 90 degree crank angle (max torque) this will give roughly 10 barr of pressure inside the cylinder. The usual BMW S54 engine has a bore of 3.43 inches which gives a surface area of a tad over 9 square inches. The pressure is 10 barr which is about 145 psi which gives a down force of 1305 pounds. With an effective crank length of about 1.8 inches (which is how it gets high RPM) that gives you about 195 pound feet of torque. You could double the water injection to get double the torque. 800 pound feet is possible if you don't mind your engine occasionally getting a bit explodey.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

@i. rob actually with fuel so bleedin expensive it's worth thinking about for fuel economy as it can in theory nearly triple the MPG and even lab grade distilled water is only £2 a litre in 50 litre plastic drums. If my maths is correct that would be enough at motorway speeds to do near 600 miles. If more people used it the cost of the water would come down and make it cost effective.

[@RJE48]

I find this fascinating, but also so logical. it makes total sense. Thank you so much once again. I have learnt so much more in just your channel than I did at school!

[@DenaliSue]

You are the greatest. I’m a very nervous flyer, however understanding some of these things has helped me a great deal. Thank you!

[@SkyDreamerAT]

Great video, learned about water injection! One correction: it's called Combustion Chamber on CFM56 and not Burn Chamber.

[@Teddy-bg3bo]

same thing really

[@fossilknifeful]

Make a video on the properties of jet fuel. What additives do they add to it? I’m an engineering student facinated with jet engines!

[@gordonlawrence4749]

I worked for Crane Aerospace and they produce fuel pumps for commercial aircraft. At the time I was informed that there were proposals to add ethanol to jet fuel but kerosene is actually pretty much additive free (or was in 2006). Ethanol was dropped as an additive proposal as it absorbs water horrendously and was viewed as a potential source of corrosion in fuel systems.

[@mattdombrowski8435]

@@gordonlawrence4749 Ethanol also has about 60% the energy density of kerosene, which wasn't viewed favorably given what we know about flight and weight. afaik, JP1 is basically almost unrefined kerosene and nothing else.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

@i. rob any idea where I can get some info on that?

[@gordonlawrence4749]

@@mattdombrowski8435 I have been informed that it contains an anti-algal chemical but I have no data for that yet.

[@mattdombrowski8435]

​@@gordonlawrence4749 I'm skeptical of that. I am not aware of any algae that can survive inside petrochemicals. On their own, they're pretty inimical to any form of life.

[@tygertyger8597]

Great video. Thanks for taking time to explain topics about aviation. ✈

[@davidmathes6730]

Thanks for the information breakdown, I've watched several now.

[@bobbycvsixfour5258]

every video is awesome, I always something new on each video :-)

[@pedro1492]

those planes that used water ingestion to get that extra thrust, were they very limited in ther ability to perform go-arounds? (considering they probably used up the boost water during takeoff)

[@MentourPilot]

I’m not sure if they kept some in the tanks. In any case, they would be much lighter at that point so it would be less of a problem.

[@chrisjohnson4666]

I dont believe so as in a go around they are already carrying alot more energy that they would at takeoff from a stop...

[@jack002tuber]

In another video you talk about why there is no grill in from of an engine, I wondered about rain and hail, this one answered that. Well done. These are all done quite well.

[@ericd.5586]

i appreciate all of the videos i have seen on mentour. if my questions are covered already i apologize.. 1 does water the the runway increase drag ? how does it change takeoffs ? the amount water kicked up with the engines and how slow the planes look going down a water logged runway is interesting to me. 2 please do more on airplane redundancies.. wing !!! ailerons are primary for roll ?? can spoilers be plan b if ailerons fail ? do ailerons work opposite of each other ? left turn is port up starboard down ?? what are spoilers primary function ? slow plane down when descending and landing ? i remember when you talked about flaps slats slots thank you !!!!

[@Motorman2112]

Harriers carry 500lbs of water to allow for extra thrust during vertical takeoff and landing.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

I could be wrong but I read it was up to something crazy like 900kg in it the very late models (GR MK 9A and 7A) and 300kg in some of the slightly earlier (GR MK5) ones (which is about 660 pounds). It was definitely used also in hover to reduce engine and exhaust temp. I have been trying to get any accurate data on early variants and cannot find anything definitive. I'm not sure about the FR MK2 (AV8-B) or the FR MK1 (AV-8A) or any of the earlier GR variants. In fact I would take the other data with a pinch of salt too as I have found them wrong before.

[@Motorman2112]

@@gordonlawrence4749 Could well be, I'm just basing this on the modelled AV8B I use in DCS world :)

[@gordonlawrence4749]

@@Sterlingjob I have already posted a link to an RAF pilot saying it was also for cooling when hovering. Want some more proof?

[@martingiuffrida2679]

@ -probably don't use them there but the natural combustion products are a large percentage water due to the 'hydro' in hydrocarbon fuel. This of course turns to visible vapor if the humidity is high or ice crystals if cold enough.

[@Xantec]

@ i can see why people think "chem trails" when they see the white trails behind jet aircraft, however if you ever look at them, the trails form somewhat behind the aircraft when the hot exhaust gasses have condensed to ice in the cold air that at the cruising altitude of a typical airliner is around -40c to -60c, the length of the trail and how long it takes do dissipate is dependant on how cold it is at the altitude. if you look at a car or truck engine on a cold winters day you will see similar at the tail pipe.

[@drewbeckman6151]

Mentour you should make a video about stalls. 😁

[@thomaspinto1111]

An excellent explanatory video. Great job.

[@martindh5264]

Hi! I've become a big fan of your channel since I have discovered you on KZbin. I have a question. When it comes to safety people always focus on the plane and the airline. But how about the ATC? In many developing countries the airports and airspace in general are getting busier. Is their ATC always up to the task? Or are there places we should avoid? There are websites ranking airlines on safety, is there something similar for ATC's?

[@pauldomfree]

Suggestion// Do a remake (in the sim) of the lion air crash and what went wrong with the current findings and explain there the MCAS and what could have been done to avoid it or not.

[@tomstravels520]

He has explained the MCAS already

[@pauldomfree]

@@tomstravels520 I know, but I mean in combination with the sim remake as stated above. I think id make a great video to explain what the plane was doing although it shouldnt.

[@watershed44]

Paul D I agree. Good suggestion.

[@mytech6779]

SIM remakes are generally inaccurate. Even with that aside the investigation reports aren't complete, almost nothing but wild speculation to base it on.

[@pauldomfree]

MyTech I didn’t say to solve the crash. I just suggested to do a remake with the CURRENT findings. Could make an interesting session.

[@minghaocheng4049]

Hi! Great video! I have a question, I have heard that at some extreme cases, the plane will be flying inverted. I wonder why is that possible? Is it true that the shape of the wing will only generate lift towards one direction? If so how a plane fly inverted. Thanks!

[@josemigueldelgado2440]

Depends on how the aircraft is designed; commercial airplanes are not designed to fly inverted. In order for an aircraft to fly inverted, the wing is designed with a special aerodynamic profile; this profile is symmetrical so the lift can be produced upwards, regardless if the aircraft is inverted.

[@Gottenhimfella]

@@josemigueldelgado2440 Even normal profiles can produce plenty of lift for inverted flight; it's just a matter of trimming the plane sufficiently to produce a positive angle of attack. The limiting factor is engine power, though, because this produces lots of drag. Airliners do not have sufficient power for sustained inverted flight. Probably their fuel systems are not designed for it either, and certainly the galley would become somewhat disordered.... There is a famous (and AFAIK true) story of a prototype Boeing 707 doing a barrel roll at a public demonstration. Not content with one, the legendary test pilot (whose name I forget) did a second. When his boss ticked him off he said "Hey, I was just selling planes!". I didn't personally witness it; I wasn't born yet.

[@minghaocheng4049]

Gottenhimfella Thanks! This makes sense!

[@martingiuffrida2679]

Very informative! My question: How does altitude affect engine performance, efficiency, aircraft velocity limitations and structural stability?

[@iplaymytele]

Sir you are a Incredible instructor…! You have the ability to explain extremely complicated mechanical procedure in a way that everyone can understand it bravo….!!!

[@alpinegeordie]

Question ....iI there an audible warning on the 737 if the pilots seat belt is not fastened ? and if so can you disable it ?

[@stevekirkham5193]

Pilots have to study physics. Anybody who has studied physics ALWAYS buckles their seat belts.

[@PiezPiedPy]

Water injection is used on off-shore racing boats that use jet engines, like miss geico

[@jb-fpv7384]

Maybe a next video on turboprop engines how they work in wet conditions. And why do some planes with turboprops fly into a storm for monitoring thunderstorms and even tornadoes.

[@princebanini]

love your videos. simple and yet very informative

[@quadpumped34]

wow, I wasn't aware about something like water injection systems in jet engines, but I wondered why old engines smoked so badly ever since. Thank you!

[@torben.u.f4722]

Will we see the flying petter outro again? Nice video BTW keep going please

[@MentourPilot]

Flying Petter?! 🤔😂

[@torben.u.f4722]

@@MentourPilot it was the outro of the videos you made on the rc runway

[@stephankunzle1960]

Hey Mentour I love your videos, you explain things so well and they are very interesting and educational! After watching this video I'm wondering if you ever made a video on how jet engines start. Like how exactly does the air in the burn chamber get compressed enough for ignition to start the engine. In a diesel engine there is an electic starter to make compression but I assume jet engines use a different method. Thanks

[@davidhoover8862]

You explain things very well, thanks for posting your videos.

[@GonzaloAlvarezWoodCat]

I like to hald-introduce myself,.. I'm simulators rescue/combat pilot, Love aviation more helicopters than planes. kudos for you channel!

[@macrovigilance]

siesta time in Spain for the Mentour dogs!

[@u.s.patriot3415]

Being a full ATP as you are, the fact that you take the time to do what you do for this channel and aviation enthusiast, is...EPIC!

[@allanroff202]

Great job explaining The question that You received from one Of yours Subscribers

[@gaitazampogna32]

Hello Mentour Pilot, I hope you are doing absolutely fantastic! I made the demonstration about the "water injection" in my first-year physics class some time ago. Let's consider a small plastic shuttle in which you can pump some air. If you release the cap, it flies a few tens of cm. If you add some water in it and release the cap, it will fly further. It can easily be demonstrated that the thrust depends on the mass of the exhaust. To this, as the system does not operate at a constant temperature, the dilatation of the water gas plays a role as well. I would love to know more about the navigation system in planes: GPS, waypoint to waypoints, VOR, DME, and approach. As always, thanks for your videos!!

[@hawkeye-vv4kb]

If I remember correctly, when the Qantas A380 had the engine explosion, the engine was still running uncontrollably after landing and could not be switch off. The fire brigade then tried to create a flame out with water and I believe they struggled a lot to kill the fire eventually, which again proves how difficult it is to extinguish jet engine fires with water.

[@imaginerus]

Yes, I also remember that! I think they had to let it run out of fuel.

[@andyross37]

That's correct, the engine explosion broke the electrical connections, so when the pilots switched off the engines from the flight deck, number 1 engine kept running......they got it stopped eventually, but it took a hell of a lot of water and foam if memory serves

[@cordisdie140]

They used fire retardant foam from the fire engines to cause the flame out

[@woody2985]

hawkeye0248 They ended up having to essentially destroy the engine with foam as even with every fire engine on hand attempting the ‘drown’ the engine, water simply wasn’t enough

[@christopherwilson6527]

i. rob the controls to do that were cut by the no2 engine debris and shrapnel. The engines are designed to keep running in all circumstances

[@Kestrel626]

I spent several years working on BAC 1-11's, these originally had a water injection system to increase take off thrust. This shortened engine life so most operators removed the water tank from the rear baggage bay & made use of the extra space.

[@fredricunderhill204]

Brilliantly done. I notice a "yellow" pillow on your right side. As it has never appeared previously, I'm wondering if this has a reference to events in France.

[@rizacas8664]

I wished you we’re the pilot in every plane ✈️ I traveled ❤️, I am nervous in every time I travel 😢

[@melaD333]

riza cas I was thinking the same thing!

[@natelav534]

I get freaked out too when flying but statistically i was far more likely to die in a car crash on the way to and from the airport than i am in the plane. Plane travel compared to pretty much every other form of transportation is far safer. If you dont believe me look it up. Maybe it will bring you some comfort in your next flight because it helps to trust the faa and the airlines that they know what theyre doing. And they certainly do

[@warriorus1163]

Great content Sir. Thank you

[@beachbum4691]

As ever; very informative thank you. and I've only just learned about the notification bell, now ticked :)

[@Titan696boy]

Well details explained, thanks for knowledge sharing!

[@tehsimo]

question - Why do the plane wheels not pre-spin up in anticipation of landing. Always seems weird to see a wheel going from zero speed to landing speed

[@MentourPilot]

Because the mechanism required to make that happen will probably cost more in weight and maintenance than it will save in rubber. Good question though

[@mitcho04]

Also the resultant force change equates to a decent amount of breaking.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

Someone (ex RAF) once told me that on the English Electric Lightening the RAE Thurligh (UK) tried it as the tyres were ridiculously expensive (as they are extremely high pressure even by aviation standards) and it was found that it made the wheels more likely to skid/aquaplane on very wet runways. However I have looked and not found any evidence to support this other than the fact that the Lightning has an extremely high wheel loading for a fighter which would make it less likely to aquaplane anyway.

[@gordonlawrence4749]

@i. rob Interesting I'll have to try and do some reading on that.

[@fred_derf]

+tehsimo, writes _"question - Why do the plane wheels not pre-spin up in anticipation of landing."_ Figure out how big and heavy the engine and drivetrain components would have to be to spin the tires up and I think you will have your answer. Also, what would happen to a plane landing if one set of wheels was spinning but the other wasn't?

[@bbbl67]

Could you explain the effects that the 2010 Icelandic volcanic eruptions had on jet engines, and why small planes with piston engines weren't affected?

[@garyweber4333]

volcanic ash is primarily rock glass and sand al abrasive , it's a mater of velocity jet engine airflow is very high its like sandpaper on wood also any ash that gets to the primary (the center part of the engin ) starts clogging up the air passages causing hot spots damaging to the engine, Piston engines are also affected but since airflow is slower takes more time ash eats the propeller, since most piston engined aircraft have some sort of air filtration it help but not much especially since as a safety factor its mandatory that if the air filter gets blocked (wet conditions cause this to happen in minutes) an alternate path of unfiltered air will feed the engine leaving all the abrasive particle to enter the engin mix with oil the result is an engine that should last 2000 hrs to tbo drops to 50 or less hrs . its operating both types of engines with grinding dust in the air .

[@davidcooks2379]

@@garyweber4333 precisely, that's why we need a video

[@Cl4rendon]

Thank you Petter - Always very informative as ever. I always feel a bit wiser when watching your videos!!! I have one question that might sound trivial, but besides all the interesting physics, meteorology and techniques, i never get to understand HOW do pilots manage to TAXI exactly on the YELLOW LINE ??? Sitting high up on the flight deck and the front wheel meters behind, which reference is used to aim that line so accurate???? Thanks!!!!

[@irfankhan-bk4up]

Very very very informative......thnx for uploading.

[@SimonSNB]

What was the most challenging thing you faced while becoming a pilot?

[@bengrogan9710]

Before even seeing this: The answer is yes water can increase thrust, Temporarily The B-52 used to dump water in the engine to increase take-off thrust by increasing the expelled mass. - This is why they are pictured with black smoke coming out the back at Max takeoff weight Edit - Called it! I hope the US go ahead an upgrade the B-52 fleets engines soon

[@donaldclifford5763]

I've seen this when we had a B52 base near here. Always wondered why it put out all that smoke.

[@twistedspirit7608]

The americans will never do what the world want them to

[@bigtime9597]

@@twistedspirit7608 Good. I prefer it that way.

[@akshaykashid8246]

Hi. Sir will you please make one video on radars and communication systems in aircrafts. I want to know more about whether radar.

[@frankdalla]

Excellent job describing engine function in a fashon that those without any knowledge of jet engines can understand. The complexity of a jet engine is far beyond what is explained, however adding technical details would only confuse the listener. Thank You for a great job of sharing knowledge.