Chainfire! Is it dangerous?

[@purpleYamask]

The big worry with chainfire historically was the military attempting to adopt Revolver Rifles. Chainfires aren't great with a revolver but it's not going to blow your hand off like it will if your off hand is braced in front of it.

[@Joe-sc8fu]

I have an original colt revol e rifle. I can definitely see why that would be the case. Where you place your hands to fire the weapon, is directly in front of the cylinder. Your whole hand would probably get ripped off in one mishap.

[@purpleYamask]

@@Joe-sc8fu they had enough injuries to can the trials. I don't know exact number but "more than two is a pattern"

[@Joe-sc8fu]

@@calvingreene90 It was the only way to hold the weapon that was issued to them.

[@Joe-sc8fu]

@@calvingreene90 Alright, my bad dude.

[@Wayne72LEVRAI]

Even on a handgun this was dangerous at that time, because the steel wasn't strong as it is now. A chainfire of severals chambers still have a chance to make the cylinder explode on an original revolver.

[@legomastermaniac]

Chain fire is a feature

[@fire_tower]

Chain fire is what happens when you press the [Alt. Fire] button.

[@Swedishmafia101MemeCorporation]

"It just works." - Todd Howard, Bethesda Arms Corporation, 1862

[@FerdinandFake]

I doubt I'd be the first to drill into the cylinder in such a way that it always fires the top three chambers at once. Great stopping power at close range

[@FloorItDuh]

I have been assured by the devs they will patch this bug but they have said similar things about similar bugs in the past which also are still not fixed. I believe this bug will be left in the game permanently unfortunately for the end user.

[@vapormissile]

​@@FerdinandFakea controversial technique made famous by the well-known Old West gunslinger Ferdinand Fake, aka Chainfire Charlie aka The Claymore Kid.

[@andersolsson6709]

Nice to see someone adressing this correctly! To add to the problem, the chambers on original Colt percussion revolvers are not cylindrical, they are slightly conical, larger at the mouth than deeper down. With too small balls, they are more easibly able to ”roll forward” in the chamber under revolvers (since they were too small to befinner with). As they roll forward they are now even more undersized then when they were (loosely) seated further down in the chamber. Thus, there is nothing stopping the flame from igniting the gunpowder. Anders Olsson

[@dennysalisbury7471]

Full semi auto

[@andersolsson6709]

😂@@dennysalisbury7471 Though, on a seriositet note, I have experienced full auto on an original Colt m1851 Navy. Burnt out nipple vents (causing gasses rushing backwards to raise the hammer) and a very weak mainspring (probable culprit: some fastdraw wannabe in the chain of possession before me) was the reason for this very interesting but somewhat discomforting phenomena. Fired three rounds in half a second or so before the hammer came to rest between two nipples! 🫣

[@iskandartaib]

I'll bet the conical cylinder bore was designed to address the chainfire problem by squeezing down the ball as it was being seated, and jamming it in place. Still won't work if the ball's undersized, of course...

[@edgeofthought]

@@iskandartaibhaving a conical chamber also means the conical bullet, rather than a ball, will have increased tightness, spread across more surface area. So the conical bullet might compound the protection against chain fires

[@Hosenfuhrer]

2:21 Some certain tall tankman may coin the phrase "a significant emotional event"

[@Hosenfuhrer]

@@Ancient_Yuletide_Carol Well that's where I heard it first, and I dare say most of InRangeTV viewers know him too.

[@aussiebloke609]

​@@Ancient_Yuletide_Carol That tankman has brought that phrase more into the general public eye, so he's going to be associated with it these days.

[@alanhope1190]

Once again thank you for a very clear, well articulated presentation.

[@InrangeTv]

Glad it was helpful!

[@bearddevil]

I was always taught that if you weren't shaving a ring of lead off of your ball when you rammed it home, you weren't getting a proper seal and you needed to use a bigger projectile. Glad to know I haven't been doing it wrong all these years. I have balls sized to each of my revolvers, and all of my nominally .44 revolvers take a slightly differently sized projectile.

[@maddhatter3564]

Thats how i do it as well and haven't had a chain fire since starting in 2010. Logic says if the ball is cut ALL way around , its a tight seal

[@whatsmolly5741]

The lube should prevent that anyway. From the few first hand stories iv heard of chainfires the problem is on the other side of the cylinder, as in improper sized caps being too loose on the nipple amd setting off other caps.

[@maddhatter3564]

@@whatsmolly5741 In my 15 years of Black powder ive never had a cap come off like that. When i get a loose cap i use another, or change the nipple if its a consistent issue. BTW grease in the chamber just melts in most areas with Temps over 80F

[@whatsmolly5741]

@@maddhatter3564 I haven't had any issues either but if one was to use say size 11 instead of size 10 I can definitely see it happening because you have to pinch the 11s just to get them to stay on. The lube can be a bit annoying but if you make your own that gives you the ability to match the consistency to your areas temperature. I use bees wax and olive oil/lamb tallow/paraffin and mix different batches with varying consistency so I have something for most occasions.

[@maddhatter3564]

@@whatsmolly5741 Yes, always use the right cap, of course

[@awells444]

I now want Slow Mo Guys to film a chain fire.

[@PJ-he5zk]

YES!

[@JamesThomas-gg6il]

Definitely need to get them in touch with Carl.

[@Seelenschmiede]

That would be so ultra dope! Or Ballistic Highspeed

[@453421abcdefg12345]

There are slow motion videos posted on youtube showing a Colt 1860 .

[@tempestbloke]

@Inrange - Thanks Karl. It's been you and duelist1954 that got me into black powder shooting, and this is one wives tale that will never die. The video was great, informative, to the point, and showed the problem and explanation, perfect as far as I'm concerned.

[@InrangeTv]

Wow, thanks!

[@Sunflowercowboy]

​@@InrangeTvdear Karl. Do you know if regular FMJ 45 auto projectiles are safe to shoot in an army pattern revolver, and specifically my 1858 Remington

[@ElChris816]

I always enjoy your historical videos Carl. You have a way of explaining the information that is easily digested by the layman.

[@InrangeTv]

Many thanks!

[@suparosc02]

@@InrangeTv just remember that even if you do explain things in an "idiot proof" way they keep making better idiots. Good work nontheless.

[@AviationJeremy]

I have Colt Dragoon reproduction that I’ve been meaning to get out to the range. The instructions specifically state to use .457 or .458, and this reinforces the reason why. Thank you for the information!

[@RonOhio]

Blame the 1950's when everyone bought a kepi, rifled musket and cap and ball revolver and took them to the range in huge numbers. I suspect that there was a print campaign to promote safer loading practices that would accommodate every level of knowledge from "dedicated historical researcher" to "bought my kit at Kmart Saturday, does the ball or the powder go on top again?".

[@Ghatbkk]

I expect you are correct. I started firing cap & ball revolvers (reproduction Dragoons, 1851 and 1860s) in the 1960s, and I remember being constantly told to cover each chamber mouth with grease (kind of like Crisco) to prevent chainfires - but it was obvious that could not have been how the weapons had been historically loaded (as Karl notes, the grease doesn't stay put, it melts and runs everywhere). I find Karl's commentary about bullet size to make perfect sense and certainly to fit the ideas of the 18th and 19th centuries of how to get bullets to get some bite in the rifling.

[@beargillium2369]

First you drop the cap down in the chamber 😂

[@jontee3437]

@@beargillium2369 thats right. Then load the solid copper 45 acp bullets, then pour the powder on top. Powder on top ignites after the projectile leaves the chamber, giving it that extra boost in performance.

[@KR-hg8be]

​ @jontee3437 the hollow point acts as a rocket nozzle if loaded backwards. It's like a gyrojet, the most effective weapon known to man. This is a joke. Do not do this.

[@KR-hg8be]

@gfin4576 I'm assuming the sarcasm comes through but don't do it.

[@TripperJonMD]

Really enjoyed this one. As a young man I had a chain fire once on an Italian repro .36. Yes I was using round balls and usually they cut a small ring or part of one. I’d used some sort of grease/lube in the past and probably did this day on at least the first cylinder orr two. I was shooting with a friend and we’d both taken several turns with the pistol when the accident happened. I thought at the time I’d gotten a little sloppy or too casual in my reloading etc. but perhaps there was an off sized or damaged ball in the mix. Fortunately it was just one extra chamber & no one was hurt nor was the pistol damaged. It did give us a good scare and I think we called it a day and I gave the pistol a good cleaning. Thankfully it never happened again.

[@Ostenjager]

I have personally experienced a chain fire. It was *NOT* caused by not having grease over the chamber mouths. It happened because a couple caps fell away from the cones on some unfired chambers on a Pietta Navy LeMat reproduction. It tore off the loading lever and sent it downrange. It was one of the scariest range mishaps I have directly experienced, and ended my day of shooting, though with no injuries. I had fired the center grapeshot bore first before I fired the regular charges, and I think this contributed to the accident. Pietta LeMats have a known issue where no. 11 size caps fit rather loose on the cones.

[@Chris_the_Dingo]

The first black powder gun I had, years ago, was a 1851 Colt .36 repro. For some reason #11 caps were too loose. I had to use #10 caps, which were a bitch to find.

[@Ostenjager]

@@grizzlyblackpowder1960 Bold of you to assume I didn't read it. It said no. 11 caps. Incidentally, all of my other repro black powder revolvers also take no. 11 caps too, as per *their* owners manuals.

[@lornemarr]

I bought my Ruger Old Army in 1975. I have fired thousands of pure lead 458dia, 225gr. conicals and hundreds of 457 cast round balls out of it. Never had a chain fire. Now I know why. Thank you.

[@Einwetok]

That's a shame, Lemat's are gorgeous.

[@WhiteSandsMbuna]

Buy track of the wolf stainless nipples

[@MattiSchroderus]

I've always heard to either use projectiles big enough where a circular ring is cut off by the chamber, use grease otherwise.

[@bruceallen6016]

Large enough projectile to cut a ring off is what I have been doing. No chain fire yet in a lot of years worth of black powder shooting. 😉

[@goldenhide]

💯 The proper sized ball or conical should leave you a ring. As Karl mentioned in the vid: the bullet is [getting a small, final] swaged into the chamber. I can't find my sources, but I remember some contemporaneous anecdotes mentioning how that was interesting to them (being outside the norm from pre-revolver pistols).

[@ConcealedLiberal]

Your theory of undersized projectiles makes sense, and the practical replication of chainfire by changing solely the projectile size variable is compelling. It's fascinating seeing how the manual of arms has changed over time - reminds me of the weird ritualistic stuff that modern black-powder shooters do; the manual of arms in ye olde days is significantly more cavalier with regards to all kinds of things that the typical modern black-powder aficionado insists must be done.

[@jameshealy4594]

I think that's partly because black powder shooters love the process, the fiddly details and perfectionism appeals to a certain type of personality (ahem, no mirrors around are there?).

[@Skilltagz]

One also has to consider that safety standards evolve over time, these guns come from a time before trigger discipline was a thing.

[@felixchaus]

I would hesitate to use any wadding because I'm afraid it would start to smoulder and at random time ignite the powder. I rather have chainfire now, than a ledball in to the ass while driving home.

[@Smashface_McBourbondick]

@@felixchaus Is that something that commonly happens?

[@williamcook9936]

@@felixchaus”driving home” sir I have to ask is your daily ccw a black powder revolver?

[@EngineeringWizard11]

There is so much missing knowledge of historical black powder loading. I bought a reproduction musket and went to a black powder store to get musket balls for it. They got me all spun up on needing patches, ball starters, and such like that. I actually asked the proprietor if this is how they did it back in the day, because I couldn't imagine getting off more than one shot every three minutes with the loading ordeal being described. Then I did my research and found that all I needed was to paper-wrap my cartridges, haha.

[@maddhatter3564]

Absolutely no excuse for patch in a single shot, its only got one chamber

[@jd_flick]

as someone not well versed in black powder firearms this was very educational

[@anangryranger]

I've been shooting C&B revolvers for over 60 years. In that time, I've had only one multiple discharge, on a 1969 mfg. AMS 2nd Mod. Dragoon. The cause was in the ball size. Normally, .454" balls were loaded in the traditional manner, with no ill effects. However, I was given a mould by a friend, being a conical bullet. The mould was marked as .452" diameter. And yes, one chamber was compromised by flame going past a seated conical bullet. After the incident, the remaining cast bullets were measured at .450". The chamber that this particular event occurred, measured .452". Very obvious that this allowed the incident. The mould that was at fault, was an early Lee single cavity mould. I have been casting and loading my own since a boy in the late 50's. All my moulds are Ideal or Lyman made. To this day, I'm not using Lee moulds, though I've tried a couple of the newer ones. They are not satisfactory, and have been discarded. Ideal, Lyman, and RCBS moulds are the only ones I use. I've accumulated close to 75 iron moulds, and they are without any faults. In closing, in C&B weapons, I always cast bullets to .002" to .004" larger than the largest measured chamber in the weapon's cylinder. No grease, wads, or other substances are used. Simply a properly fitted ball, and powder. And zero issues with multiple discharge in any...

[@DeviantOllam]

That slow motion footage was dope 👍🔥...🔥🔥

[@Rusty_Spiggle-Smith]

I’ve probably fired a cap n ball revolver around 500-1000 times in my life so far and that probably puts me in the top 1 percent of people who have actually shot these guns in the modern era. I’ve never had a chain fire using .454 round balls and Remington caps. I also have a Kerr bullet mold and never had issues with those projectiles

[@knunyabeasewhacks8744]

When I first bought my 1858 colt .44, I bought .44 round ball. Got to the range, loaded it up, put it in my holster. All the balls and the powder rolled right out! Lol! .454 was the way to go!

[@krisswegemer1163]

Great video. Logical conclusion. All I've ever used is grease over the ball. Its a lot cooler where I live. But, the point about ball diameter makes perfect sense.

[@ge0arc244]

Excellent information and a Great Video! As an owner and shooter of black powdered handguns for a long time I must say I have learned something new to me. Never had a chain fire but worried about it, this clears up a few misconceptions and hearsay.

[@InrangeTv]

There’s a lot of pearl clutching and lore on this topic.

[@hitomiuri4029]

I have been shooting muzzle loading revolvers for over 40 years. I have seen another thing that will cause a chain fire. Some competitive shooters want the ball to be close to the muzzle of the chamber to improve accuracy by limiting the amount of travel a bullet has in the chamber before entering the breach of the barrel. They are also shooting light loads so put a filler like corn meal (wads are not allowed with my group) to fill or almost fill the chamber. Because corn meal is fairly compressible, they compress the corn meal when loading. After applying grease to the end of the chamber, this can cause the bullet to back out of the chamber during recoil. I believe this is due to the pressure the corn meal exerts to push the bullet back out. Also, the mouth grease makes it easier for round to back out and an undersized ball makes this even worse. So if you ever notice you have trouble cocking your revolver because the next ball won't clear the cylinder/barrel gap, you are a chain fire waiting to happen. Don't put it down to failure to seat the ball in the chamber deep enough, consider that the ball is working loose due to recoil. Chain fires can happen because of caps falling off. It was is said that it happened more often with revolvers with large areas around the nipples rather than Colts, Remingtons, etc. with a smaller clearance.

[@NoosaHeads]

I have a Colt Walker. I wouldn't want to use 60 grains of powder, so I use 30 grains but there would be an air space between the powder and a fully seated ball. In this case, a wad or ground wheat powder over the gunpowder is a must. An air space will cause the cylinder to blow up, possibly even with a small amount of powder.

[@MauldtheMan]

Extremely informative and factual and presented with repeatable evidence, thanks, Karl. I was not expecting a purposefully induced chain fire but that's exactly what this type of video and discussion needed. I'll know what's best to do when I get my own 1860 or Starr one of these days now.

[@Tenn-pipes-powder-ponderance]

thank you for your video., All the arguments about chain fires is amazing. It can ONLY be accomplished by fire going in the Front or the Rear of the chambers. Seal the Front and seal the rear and viola ! I have been shooting all sorts of black powder revolvers and rifles for over 30 years and have still yet to experience one chain fire. However i HAVE experienced a squib in my .44 that i bought when i was 18 and split the barrel ! If anyone is not positive that the round went out the barrel....STOP and check. I felt a very mild recoil and sound but stupid me I just pulled back the hammer and that was the end of my revolver barrel . Anywho, thank you again for your video. Great work.

[@flamarlamb]

Got my first black powder revolver in 1986, an Uberti 1861 Navy. I used the felt and grease for the first box or two of balls then I either talked to someone or read about the reason the recommended ball size was oversize and have been shooting sans grease or patches ever since. Never had a chain fire. I’ve had it do a semi-auto thing a couple of times when using non-serrated caps. I guess the blowback was enough to fully cock the hammer.

[@ThomasJames69420]

Glad you covered fouling as a reason for using wads or grease. Grease is nice for winter and some brands even have a mint smell.

[@glennrishton5679]

When I started shooting in the late 1960s we used Crisco both to lessen the chance of a chain fire but also the grease to some degree migrates on firing to the cylinder pin.

[@whytebearconcepts]

I used to do reenacting and while I was in Artillery the pre-show orientation stated those with pistols keep one chamber empty as a 'safety'. I am considering purchasing a couple of Traditions revolvers, for collectors purposes but like anything else they will probably be fired at least once. Your videos are extremely informative, I'm delaying my purchase a couple of months now to go through your library and research everything I can. Thanks.

[@toweringhorse2054]

Great video removed a lot of the anxiety I had about black powder pistols

[@9mmARman]

I was introducing a friend to cap and ball revolver shooting after he bought a Pietta . 44 1858 Remington. He had read online about chain fires and was ready to fill the chamber mouths with lube. I began shooting C&B revolvers when I was 15 and was in my mid 40's at the time. I had shot so much that I completely shot loose several repro revolvers. At the time I had a few 1858's, 1860 Army, EMF Texas Dragoon, and a few Pietta 1851 .44's (I know, not historically correct). I had fired C&B revolvers thousands of times and, like you, had never experienced a chain fire. I expressed this to him and he proceeded to load like I did with no grease. I cast my own balls in a .457 mould and he was using swaged .454 balls. To my absolute amazement, the very first time he pulls the trigger on his C&B wheelguns, he has a chain fire. Lighting off the top 3 chambers! I'm not going to say it changed my way of loading at all, but I found it funny! He didn't, but I did!

[@actionjksn]

Did he keep shooting C&B revolvers after that? Did you explain why it happened, or did you know?

[@alancaron984]

I have a Ruger Old Army and I tried CCI #11 magnum percussion caps seated with the hammer. Loaded with 30g cylindrical Pyrodex and Missouri Bullets hard cast 45 cal 200g semi wadd cutters. The bullets habe a grease groove and are boat tailed making them easier to chamber.

[@Sideshowbobx]

This is the same conclusion we got shooting replicas the past summers in Polska - .440-.450 round balls chain fire a lot without grease, hence the grease. With round balls in .455-.457 it stopped, with conical balls it never happened and we had the best groups. Fun part, my local black powder range enforces the use of grease over the ball, also with proper sized conical balls.

[@Sableagle]

What if you sealed the bullets into their chambers by dripping melted wax crayons into them, and applied a little around each cap? Could that prevent chain fire even in the heat, make the gun a lot more water-resistant _and_ finally explain why Marines like having crayons around?

[@mathewritchie]

Isn`t that for snacks?

[@actionjksn]

It would probably help but it sounds like a big hassle.

[@soylentgreen7074]

Waste of time. A tight enough sealed ball is water proof, and a small bit of wax around the nipple with a cap pushed over is waterproof also. There’s videos on this. Only a small amount needed. No melting anything necessary.

[@DAKOTA56777]

As he points out, a properly fitting projectile is all you need. Chain fires are only an issue if you use undersized ammo. In his rain test video he found that the primer was the point of failure not the cylinder front, as again, a properly fitting round makes a full seal.

[@chrism4008]

Wax melts in heat, especially when the gun gets hot. So does bore butter. It's a pain and messy

[@grosnain]

Great ! The answer i always looked for. I use DIY caps (22lrreloaded rimfire kit, but with 0.1mm brass foil), paper cartridges made by myself with oversized balls. Trying to get a Johnson & Dow bullet mold. I love the J&D bullets. My goal is to be able to make ALL by myself : caps, primer powder, black powder and bullets. But, in France, this is particularly difficult, due to laws and controls, especially on certain chemicals.

[@ST-zm3lm]

One of my grandpa’s neighbors lost most of his fingers to a BP revolver blowing up. That was, however, because he’d loaded smokeless powder. He didn’t really know anything about guns and this was in the mid 60’s

[@InrangeTv]

Yeah that's a bad idea.

[@ST-zm3lm]

@@InrangeTv Understatement of the century. Didn’t stop him from beating the shit out of some dude with his nub for breaking into his truck a decade or so later. I grew up in a fairly interesting neck of the woods.

[@theMemeProduction]

isn't bp and smokeless powder the same? how do i not do this mistake (new to guns)?

[@agentmasterflex5545]

@@theMemeProductionblack powder and smokeless powder are not the same thing, smokeless powder has more power in it, on top of well., not creating a smoke cloud like muskets and weapons like this did If you want I can bring more info.. but to answer.. no. They aren’t the same

[@theMemeProduction]

@@agentmasterflex5545 okay, thank you very much. Google doesn't seem to provide any useful information.

[@k31owner46]

We’ve always used crisco (butter flavoured) to coat the end of the chambers. Somewhat as a gas seal, somewhat as a lubricant, always because buttered black powder smells good.

[@alexhatfield2987]

Really well analysed and articulated. You put forward a very strong argument for the cause of chain fire in an historical and modern context.

[@sejembalm]

I had a chain fire on my reproduction 1847 Walker Colt, way back around 1987. I loaded 0.454-inch-diameter, 141-grain round ball bullets that shaved off lead rings on ramming. I was loading the maximum 60 grains of black powder that day and an adjacent cylinder fired. Amazed that this didn't damage my revolver. A friend told me to either load felt wads or seal around the loaded bullets with patch grease (from a plastic toothpaste-like tube with a narrow spigot that worked well). Just glad that the Walker did not blow apart like the originals sometimes did.

[@andrewjersey3633]

Great video. Really good to see you again. Greetings from Norway.

[@hansjansen7047]

Interesting note; I have a flask that looks exactly like yours. I got mine from CVA in Saybrook CN by mail with my Kentucky style percussion rifle. I initially loaded my Ruger Old Army with the balls I got with that rifle but I had to patch them because they were too small. I latter bought a mold to cast my own conical bullets and even later one to cast the ball for the rifle. This was back in the '70's when you could ship stuff like that through the mail.

[@billd.8336]

Excellent video. I have been lucky with no chain fire with mostly ball ammo that was larger in diameter than the cylinder with a bit of lead scraped off when loading.

[@billybauer3672]

I really enjoy your historical episodes... One thing I noticed you say is the your pistol was made and sold in 1871... Most don't know how long cap and ball was still carried and if you could transport back to the 1870s or even early 1880s it would not be odd to see an unconverted 1860 colt on someone's belt... In addition to colt still selling them till the early 1870s I can imagine huge numbers were surplused out by the army and snatched up cheap by civilians heading west.

[@glennrishton5679]

If you ever run across a reproduction copy of the old Bannermans catalog from the early 1900s you'll see 1851s and 1860s selling for a couple of bucks. military surplus. Bannermans was a big arms dealer of that era selling to individuals and foreign countries.

[@maddhatter3564]

The idea was 'why spend extra money on the new revolvers, wait till this one wears out"

[@Chris_the_Dingo]

I've seen it happen to guys a few times in CW reenacting, with just powder supposedly sealed with Crisco or whatever. I've never had it happen while live firing though. It's been a while, but I believe I used .376 balls (1851 model colt), which were more than large enough to seal the cylinders.

[@paulargent1003]

Absolutely spot on ! Ian a mechanical engineer and black powder shooter and have been arguing this for 20 years . Unfortunately most ranges and shooting organisations run on urban B/S👏👏👏👏👏👏🇭🇲

[@howardmaryon]

Excellent instructions! Thank you. I have always thought revolving rifles were a bad idea, but back in the day, I expect chainfires were much less common.

[@InrangeTv]

Revolving rifles are a bad idea, chain fires or not 🤣

[@MadMomma-kj9ks]

Back in 1961 my friend and were shooting his model 1860 Army 4 screw fluted cylinder revolver and it chain fired. Scared us, but only damage was one chamber broke the loading lever screw, and bullet mushroomed into the plunger. He got another original screw, put it in, and gun was good to go.

[@CameronMcCreary]

I always loaded Unique or Bullseye smokeless powder in my Colt Navy reproduction. I used brass standoffs inserted in the chambers and then loaded .38 Short Colt mild loads. I used to shoot at a range that didn't allow Black Powder so smokeless was the only alternative. I never worried about chain fires because my bullets were always seated into the mouths of the standoffs. Accuracy was excellent.

[@davidfist7801]

I haven't shot black powder revolvers extensively, but I've done it enough to know that you're right about the grease. Even when it's cooler, the heat in the cylinder after firing off a dozen rounds or so is enough to melt the grease and have it dripping everywhere.

[@quasar8898]

During a few years of Civil War reenacting, I had a few chain fires happen.Of course I was using low powder charges and wadding only, no lead. I always lubed generously after the wadding and made sure my caps fit well- still got the occasional chain fire.

[@donnyarmstrong9559]

Ruger Old Army ('84 vintage), .457 Hornady round balls & 30 grains of 3F (when you can find it!)... works every time!

[@molochi]

An undersized ball could also leave powder in front of the rammed ball. I've never experienced a chain fire, but always just assumed that the were caused by the flash at the gap between the cylinder and barrel and a sloppy loading that left a fuse, so to speak, in the chamber and around the bullet for the other loads to misfire from. Using an undersized ball without a patch would be a good way to see this happen, imo.

[@gonzo_the_great1675]

I had one that 4 chambers went off. One up the barrel, two either side and cleared the frame. One went up the loading ram. Which I loaded back in. No obvious extra recoil, as the extra chambers had the balls pretty much level with the front of the cylinder. So barely and velocity was generated.

[@victoriaevelyn3953]

I wonder if a ball projectile that's dimpled like a golf ball would be better ammo than the smooth ball for a gun like that

[@erics320]

I always used lube on top of my round balls te prevent fouling. If not then after 2 cilinders you see the groups going wider because of the hard buildup inside of the barrel. And it takes a lot more work to clean that. I like using bore butter, but yes that melts if it gets warmer. i live in a country with a moderate climate but on really hot days i used tougher grease composed out of beef allow and beeswax. I never walk around with a loaded gun in a holster so even if the grease melts a little, all shots are fired before it has the chance to run out. I have been shooting cap and ball revolvers since 1987, never had a chainfire.

[@DennisRatashak]

I've been shooting cap and ball revolvers for about 25 years, and I have put thousands of rounds down range with them. I have never had a chain fire, and living in the deserts of Central Oregon, any grease that was available would just melt out in the heat. I have always used .451 round balls until recently. Plus, I have never had a cap jam in my Colt model. I guess that I have just had a good run with my guns. Although I have had caps fall off. I have found that CCI #11 caps fit loose, but if you grind the end of the nipple to shorten then then the caps fit great.

[@JRS2791]

Slight oversized round balls when seated into the chamber shave a tiny ring off. That means there is a tight fit between ball and chamber. I use cornmeal as a filler because its cheap and because I generally load 25 gr of 3F powder, so there WOULD be a loose gap between powder and ball otherwise. Cornmeal filler is also a spark barrier. Using cornmeal filler you can also ensure a tight compacted load. A compact load is good to ensure that chambers don't get rocked loose and mess with burn consistency. Its also proponent for accuracy with every chamber ball seated at the same depth, which also means the ball engages grooves at same distance, etc. Anyway, I never had a chain fire.

[@Tera_Hai]

Saw one when I was in aig class years ago. We were out at the teachers farm as part of the FFA. The instructor's brother was shooting a reproduction kit he had just built. Went off, huge cloud of smoke and the cylinder and pistol grip were there but barrel was gone. We ran over to check on him. He was shaken up but a side from his pride he was ok.

[@petesheppard1709]

Thank you for a heaping helping of pure education!

[@InrangeTv]

Happy to help!

[@jasonwooden]

Thanks for the info! I had a chain fire with a reproduction Colt .44 that I traded for second-hand. Someone had replaced some of the nipples with #10, while others were for #11. Not knowing any better, I pinched the #11s down so they'd fit the #10 nipples. Shot it that way off and on for years, then one day BOOM! Two cylinders fired. No injuries to me or the pistol thank goodness.

[@spondulixtanstaafl7887]

Thanks for the thorough and interesting content.

[@georgeearls3338]

My one and only chain fire was with a Uberti made .36. I used the recommended no. 11 cap, pinched. I had .375 round ball, almost perfect lead rings. This was the first and last time I used revolver wads, and a grease patch. Upon firing my first round, all six chain fired. I have not used a wad, or grease patch since. I think mine was caused by some how i messed up with the caps, I can't think of anything else. The only damage to the gun was a small spot of bluing missing from the cylinder pin, and i had a ball stuck under the loading lever, my only damage was solved by changing my drawers.

[@InrangeTv]

The wrong size caps are definitely a problem and pinching them is a hack that can result in a chainfire. I recommend slixshot replacement nipples with CCI#11 or, even better, Remington #10s.

[@rharthart9477]

You are correct: there are many reasons for chain-fires. Yes you need 'oversized' projectiles to seal off the chamber, but there's more - many modern replicas have small 'lips' (or burrs) around the mouths of at least some of the cylinders which shave off more on one side of the projectile than the other (making a gap on one side of the cylinder for sparks to enter - lead rings will be thicker on one side) - make a slight chamfer on the mouth of each cylinder to eliminate this issue, however now you may not experience a ring of lead as the ball is 'swaged' into the bore of the cylinder (similar to the original cylinders that had tapered cylinder bores). One also must be aware of where the 'sprue' on round balls is situated when seated as well as the condition of the sprue surface if it contacts the cylinder walls. I don't use wads or grease/wax for chain-fire prevention, just oversized projectiles and correct percussion caps...

[@seanfoltz7645]

I've got the 1852 Navy and use balls due to making paper cartridges and dip them in a mix of bees wax and tallow - have yet to have a chainfire with that SOP. Before I found out about that method, I had always smeared bore butter across the tops of the chambers - never had a chainfire, but that was a mess and a half, especially during summer. The wax/tallow mixture doesn't melt and isn't bothered by the heat and humidity in Florida - even firing during days with a 110+ heat index - and while it doesn't do anything for the cylinder, forcing me to give it a brushing every few loads to clean it out, it does wonders for the barrel. If you don't use paper cartridges, you can still roll out pea sized balls of the wax/tallow mix and the smush them into the cylinder after every chamber is loaded to protect against chainfires and keep the barrel clean.

[@TragicDolphin]

i have a .44 1858. but the round i load is a .454 so it shaves a littles of the ball. it makes it super tight and fires great

[@kainhall]

ive always been told that a proper ball will leave a "ring" of lead when pressed home...... thus GUARENTEEING that the chamber is sealed . we still put "bore butter" over the balls because this was "Lewis and Clark after school program" here in NE MT...... which was GREAT!!! got to shoot black powder, make water carrying gourds, make my own moccasins, and forge iron into all sorts of tools . it ran out of funding and was shut down before i graduated

[@siestatime4638]

I always load roundballs with a lubed wad, JUST for the lubrication. My assurance against chainfire is that ring of lead. For cylindrical bullets, I rely on the lubed grooves. I came up with an "over the cylinder" lube that stayed fairly solid up to about 100°F, but the first round melted pretty much all the lube on the cylinder. Very little added safety after the first shot, so I dropped it.

[@rharthart9477]

Someone on youtube actually has a slow motion video of a chain-fire that initiated from the nipple end of the gun. Very fascinating to study this video. I do think the more common chain-fire starts at the loading end of the cylinder and that nipple end chainfires are comparatively rare as long as proper fitting percussion caps are used at all times.

[@mechguyver7694]

Excellent video and explanations...thank you!

[@InrangeTv]

Glad it was helpful!

[@ericwitt4586]

Yes that why you always put grease over the barrel end of the cylinder it also protects against water in bad weather I’ve had several navy colts my favorites 👍

[@nickbarry7039]

I am new to cap and ball shooting, about one year, approximately 200 rounds down range. I started with .451 round balls and noticed I was not shaving a full ring of lead with them and after a lot of online research everyone says that should happen when ramming. I now use .457 balls and have no worry's about chain fires. Today I hade no concerns handing my 1860 army made by Pietta to my clubs range chairman for a test drive. He loved it.

[@Ossuis]

Between my flintlock long rifle and a remmy 1858 I decided I needed to make my own grease/lubricant to cut down fouling. Long rifle can't shoot more than one or two rounds before it becomes nearly impossible to shoot from the fouling. The remmy can get off two cylinders before its time to clean it. So I mixed together some bees wax off amazon with some Olive oil from my local store. Melted down and left to solidify. Yeah, it can melt, especially once your gun gets hot, but if you get the mixture right you can adjust it to remain more solid in the heat. I can fire all day without any issues loading every round is easy or easier than the first. Leave a rag on your belt to wipe your hands if its an issue. My long rifle wood loves the oil. Plus, it smells delicious when you fire off a round. Worse case you have incredibly moisturized hands hahaha.

[@antonioadinolfi4052]

Very interesting video, very practical. Thanks Karl.

[@jfruser]

Thta was quite educational _and_ concise. Thank you.

[@InrangeTv]

Glad it was helpful!

[@PianoMan347]

I mean that makes sense; what else prevents it from happening in modern revolvers? Propellant is sealed off by the brass case and a properly sized projectile

[@JamesThomas-gg6il]

Ive only dabbled a little bit in black powder, but I jave always assumed that a .45 ball was actually like 5 thousandths or so over, just so it would scrape off any excess diameter of lead, and thus sealing the chamber. Now my dabbling in black powder i blame specifically on Carl for showing that blunderbuss and when I stumbled on one (seems to be french 1922? Entienne) i had to get it and been cleaning her and fixing her and reading about her. Cant wait to see if she works.

[@miaththered]

This was interesting, thanks for the education.

[@snookiewozo]

That definitely makes sense. Thanks.

[@brianbard9016]

My problem with felt wads is that you can not let them sit in the gun for long because the powder eventually absorbs the moisture. I don't know if anyone sells dry felt wads, but putting wax over the balls works better (here in the mid-Atlantic region).

[@jchan5000]

very interesting, great presentation

[@tacfoley4443]

Great video, Sir. Very clearly explained, even for a tyro.

[@InrangeTv]

Thank you kindly!

[@nottherealpaulsmith]

i always heard about chainfires being a problem with revolver RIFLES, mainly because in order to hold one you had to put your off hand in front of the cylinder in the words of one smart gunnery sergeant, “That’s right, no more left hand.”

[@icy3-1]

As per the words of the late R. Lee Ermey regarding a chain fire: *No more left hand. This is my hand; there are many like it but this one is mine.*

[@Elephantine999]

Great video. Back in 70s, I squirted Crisco over the balls (that doesn't sound quite right :P) from a 2" diameter pastry decorating syringe. In the cool Northwest, melting wasn't a problem, and I think the grease did help to reduce fouling. The balls that we cast were big enough so a ring of lead was shaved off as you'd seat the ball, and that was such a tight fit that I really doubt it could have chain fired.

[@ssjronin3972]

Wild, I owned one for under two years pietta and I had a chain fire one cylinder extra luckily.

[@USSEnterpriseA1701]

I've heard of one other source of chain fires that is a possibility, but should be very rare. I have heard of cases of the cylinder walls developing a crack between two chambers and that leads to both chambers firing at the same time. To be honest, it sounds like the sort of problem that would primarily surface from not properly inspecting an original piece before attempting to shoot it. As for me, I only am able to deal with repros, but I do always give them a good look over before I take them to the range. I've recently switched from loose powder and ball to making my own (currently round ball) paper cartridges. I've always gone by the rule of thumb that a properly sized ball should shave a noticeable ring of lead when being rammed and that is what seals the chamber. I did use grease on the front of the chambers for a while when I was just starting out, but found it to be quite the mess and figured it was a bit redundant when the balls I was using shaved off that lead ring. I also sought out the wisdom of more experienced BP shooters, including many here on youtube, such as Duelist1954 and feel pretty confident in my choice. A bit of grease to deal with the fouling is fine, and I dip the front of the loaded cartridges in my current preferred lube after they are loaded and the glue has a chance to dry, but it's there pretty much only for the fouling. The process has certainly showed that my gluing technique sometimes isn't as good as it should be, but that's something that can be improved as I gain more experience.

[@eric81872]

Thank you for the video ! ☺♥

[@InrangeTv]

You're welcome 😊

[@Zippsterman]

I usually use crisco or something similar just to keep the gun from freezing up from fouling buildup as quickly, never really thought much about chainfires after seeing the rings of lead that get swaged off when ramming

[@magnusolsen691]

Now I'm curious about how squibs act with undersized bullets

[@davidrosenlund7533]

I've heard both camps. Use grease and no grease. The negative camps explanation is that with proper size projectiles, you'll see a shaving of lead. Proving there's a good seal and eliminating the risk of a chain fire. In my limited experience with C&B revolvers, I usually put a smear of crisco sealing the end of each cylinder chamber. I've never used a patch or felt wad. But living in Vermont, I don't have the problem of melting grease like he has in Arizona.

[@improvisedsurvival5967]

They say chain fires happen from the cap end most of the time. Lubing is really just to make cleaning easier as residue still to the lube which is easily wiped away.

[@luked2767]

I use have my own little system, I make flash paper but make sure I cut it so no where around the ball is flash paper, i make a paper cartridge with said flash paper and I use clays smokeless a stout. 45LC load but I have to also use some corn meal or other media to get good compression, the flash part of the paper stops before the halfway point of the corn meal. I then use an oversized ball that will swage. I tie the conical bottom with powder with cotton (flash string) that's very thin then I will tie the other end off with normal string and use some wax on the end of the ball so it seeps into the paper. I only do this on steel framed revolvers, I usually upgrade the nipples and buy caps that fit nice and tight. I have a wrist band with a bronze (decapper) and will have a pouch of paper cartridges and a pick of caps. I will always used an over sized ball or conical bullet but I will also use some good quality powder coat paint, put it in a tumble then the oven. I just put the caps on and stick a paper cartridge down the cylinder and compress it. You can load and realod it pretty fast. When compressing I always see a little lead ring from staging and a little powder coat (I usually use a bright colour) My favirate is on a medium Barreled SA/DA made years ago and some others made some decades ago all steel frame. I use non corrosive caps (I think most are now) The clays powder is great and I have made some pretty hot loads without problems, it'd a powder usually used for shotguns but it can be used for. 45 colt. I made a cut out for the paper, a mandrel for the cartridge. I use my own lead cast balls and I cut down a case so it has the almost perfect amount of smokeless. I have a light medium and stout. Nitrocellulose (cutcotton / flash paper is very easy to make. I just use a thin Arabic gum type glue for the paper cartridges. It's nice as it does not gum up, the barrel does not get leaded much due to the powder coat, no plumes of smoke and much faster velocity plus you can't have to clean it everytimr you shoot it as BP is very messy. Do this at your own risk but I know quite a few people that use clays powder. For some ex conns, people who can't own firearms or people new in the US in some states they use cap and ball revolvers for defense... But if I was an ex con or could not worn a firearm I would buy handgun that past a certain date is not considered a weapon or firearm anymore just an antique. I have a realy nice arginine smokeless DA/SA revolver with all the mod cons apart from the pin is on the hammer, you can cut down brass to use in it. I got it for 59 bucks and it's a very smooth revolver that looks like it was never shot, probably made in the early 1890s

[@psychoairsoft7146]

i remember reading somewhere that Chain-Fires were a HUGE concern with percussion Revolver-carbines/rifles, because the chained rounds could fly into your forearm supporting the longer barrel and severely injure you

[@jeffpv7468]

From my understanding, undersized projectiles are the main cause of chain fires; wax wads and "Bore Butter" perfectly seal the cylinder with a material that is able to prevent any ignition sources from getting into the other cylinders by "catching" and extinguishing any flame so it's nearly foolproof. You're correct in saying that using the correct size projectiles will also seal the chamber, but why people are still hesitant about that is because imperfections in the ball casting may leave sprews or uneven spots on the ball that will compromise that seal and could let in an ignition source. With modern casting and rolling methods, however, this is extremely unlikely. You can verify that the cylinder is sealed by looking at the ring of lead that is cut off of the ball when squeezing it into the cylinder; if there's a section of the ring missing, then you know there's a gap in the seal. That said, Wax or lube, in addition to wads, still have viable use cases in black powder firearms. They keep them clean and contain residue within a waxy or oily film that can be easily cleaned and wiped away, as well as providing lubrication and preventing fouling; which is why I still use them.

[@Masterhitman935]

I learn something new today, I didn’t realize chainfire was a thing nor black powder revolver.

[@IHWKR]

I subscribed to the channel just because of your stand against corporate monetization. Thank you.

[@456eec]

I have a brass frame Pietta 1851 Colt in .44. I use .454 round ball which is oversize and shaves off a thin ring of lead on each ball I load. I do not use a wad but smear a 50/50 mix of beeswax and coconut lard over the ball and have fired many thousands of rounds over the last 25 years I have had the gun. I have had a chain fire twice in that time. Both times it was in very hot weather (here in Queensland Australia) and was the next chamber to the right and the ball went skipping down the range and was not a big deal. I did not think it could ever be a problem. Then I was shooting one day with another guy who had a Navy Arms 1851 steel frame in .36. He fired a shot which sounded unusual then the revolver jammed. On inspection it was evedent that the lower chamber had chain fired and the frame was visibly bent. I would not have thought this possible but there you go.

[@SurgingApocalypse]

Have heard Karl talking about over size projectile countless time before explaining why it won't cause a chainfire in his previous video already. Wish people pay attention when watching.

[@corwinhyatt519]

To be fair not everyone who sees this video will have seen his previous presentations.

[@berzerkinglemur6534]

[10:19] There is another alternative to wads, it is semolina. I'm not saying this is the best way to seal, but it's always worth a try.

[@Wufnu]

I can hear the frothing of so many mouths right now, unfortunately. Great explanation.

[@InrangeTv]

Indeed! Lol!