Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Balance

[@charger4278]

This channel is better than my A&P II instructor. Thank you for posting all of these

[@Ash_Nichole]

It really is lol

[@dylon8425]

After two years ago finding your channel. I have returned to say thank you to whoever is in charge. Many thanks Kyle for educating inside your class, and outside.

[@WyzSci]

Thank you, Dylon - I'm glad the videos were helpful. I've also had alot of help from influential people in my life. Keep passing it on!

[@WyzSci]

Thank you @@dylon8425, the greatest gift for me would be to pass on the goodwill and help others when you can.

[@marinarennie7400]

This was SOOOOO helpful. Thank you for explaining well and the awesome examples!

[@wolfganggarrigan5716]

dude... you saved my life!

[@imhidingasecret]

THANK YOU SO MUCH literally this explains stuff way better than my online A&P professor. Wish me luck on my exam.

[@WyzSci]

Best luck! You'll do great

[@calibrial]

This makes me feel smart because I understand it the first time unlike my textbook that I have to read 5 times to begin to grasp.

[@cynthiamares2039]

Dude, you are awesome! I wish you could do these videos for all my classes!

[@andiamo5465]

Great stuff, love your clinical tie ins.

[@laticiapitts6389]

You are an awesome instructor and I owe my A in A&P 250 to you, thank you

[@WyzSci]

Thanks Laticia and congrats on the A, you earned it!

[@examppple]

My guy thank you very much for this. Your videos are of great help, God bless my teacher but this is a much more in depth and clear explanation. Keep it up ! (Plz)

[@josec705]

thank you for this video! it has helped me tremendously.

[@lilliankimble-cheung1168]

Thank you so much ! This helps so much ! Thank you for posting this lecture.

[@angelharmony1144]

Omg thank you for making this topic fun and understandable.

[@WyzSci]

@@angelharmony1144 Thanks for the appreciation!

[@puneetkaur2573]

Thank you. Very easy to follow and understand.

[@morgan2852]

My current teacher < WyzSci

[@astridrodriguez70]

Youre the best

[@dredayetheridge]

Great job!!!

[@reineha6979]

If hyperkalemia causes sodium retention so how are hypertensive patients advised to increase their potassium intake? Wouldn't it harm them and cause more hypertension from sodium reabsorption?

[@gregdilan5482]

I think that the increase in the levels of potassium in the ECF reduces the action potential 32:50, whereas the instructor says that the increase in Potassium in the ECF increases the action potential! Is that correct?

[@WyzSci]

Hyperkalemia affects the resting membrane potential of cells throughout the body by making the resting voltage more positive thus closer to action potential threshold. Here is a figure to show the change in voltage: basicmedicalkey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/B9780323073622500395_f35-01-9780323073622.jpg

[@WyzSci]

The effect that hyperkalemia has on resting membrane potential also makes it more difficult to hyperpolarize which is required to "re-set" the voltage gated channels to be stimulated again. Thus, hyperkalemia can reduce the excitability of certain cells particularly cardiomyocytes of the heart.

[@gregdilan5482]

WyzSci thank you for your timely response! Just to recap, Hyperkalemia makes the neurons highly excitable, but the overall effect on the tissues/organs is to slow down their activity, which causes a whole slew of other complications.

[@kylerrichmeier5892]

I am also awestruck the body has no mechanism to get salt/sodium out of the body 🤯🤯🤯🤯 it's also interesting to see just how important it is for our health to maintain adequate levels of it. On top of that the idea of where salt comes from is also very intriguing that we hella take for granted. Makes me think about all the mystical ideation around the substance of salt in things like the Bible and witcraft etc. It being a "pure" and "white" substance. Maybe they knew somn we don't lol

[@joelsjimenez3256]

Counter point to your potassium to sodium retention idea: Pretty much nobody meets the DRI for potassium so it's super unlikely that ingesting potassium will result in extreme sodium retention. You should probably get more potassium in your diet. Potassium salt for your food would be a good idea nutritionally speaking. Apparently around 20% of hospital patients are found to have hypokalemia.

[@WyzSci]

Nutritionally speaking yes you're right. It's very unlikely that someone will become hyperkalemic as a result of a normal diet. Keep in mind the aldosterone exchange mechanism when you study pathophysiology because the treatments of hyperkalemia must take into account exchange of sodium. Hyperkalemia can progress into hypernatremia if not managed properly.

[@WyzSci]

The data seems to show that potassium chloride replacement is safe within a few grams daily. Although still unclear about what the upper limit of KCl intake would be. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848703/

[@yeppy013]

Why is it that you say osmolarity when it says osmolality? Are those interchangeable?

[@puneetkaur2573]

I think osmolarity is spelled wrong, you spelled it as osmolality but that doesn't downgrade quality of your work. Thank you :)

[@puneetkaur2573]

NVM you are correct. LOL