Dr. B Music Theory Lesson 22 (Cadences)

[@PozyDhar]

Best music teacher on YT, hands down. Thank you!

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Haha, thank you for the appreciation. Best wishes, Dr. B

[@johnwebster313]

Hi -Doctor B is a Genius - His method of teaching is so absolutely clear and to the point - no other music tutor on the internet compares with him - even JSB would listen to him,

[@patrickpirker1634]

The deceptive cadence is a bittersweet ending like "Although he never saw her again and so much ramained unsaid this one encounter stayed in his heart like a treasure and gave him comfort and hope in the darkest hours of his life."🍃

[@patrickpirker1634]

😉😉🙂

[@viborrr]

Second movement of the 6th brandenburg concerto ends on a half cadence, and it's so beautiful!

[@viborrr]

In fact it's a phrygian one with direct fifths between soprano and bass just like you did at the end only to correct it! 🙃

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

That is a wonderful piece of music! I think it is great that you are putting music theory into practice through examining great compositions. Best wishes, Dr. B

[@viborrr]

Oops, I was mistaken. Not direct fifths. Rather, the soprano goes down a tritone to the leading tone and that final half cadential V chord doesn't have the fifth.

[@InceyWincey]

The Perfect Cadence is a full stop. The Imperfect Cadence is a comma. The Half Cadence is a question mark. The Plagal Cadence is coming to a natural conclusion. The Deceptive Cadence is being interrupted halfway through a sentence by a knock at the door.

[@steverox8141]

Thank you for all the efforts you've put in to make these lessons Mr. Christopher Brellochs. It helps foreign students immensely who aren't circumstantially endowed to be in other countries to study formal Music. Love from India 💌

[@lawrencetaylor4101]

As a piano Nooby I practiced my chord progressions, but it is only in the last month that I learned about cadences. Back in the day, orphans learned music and had to learn cadences.

[@Rudementality]

Dude thanks for posting these

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

You are welcome!

[@alexandersilva3482]

Deceptive cadence = ; Maybe? Maybe not. Incredible lecture.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Haha, I think it is a good idea to connect music theory with what it could mean emotionally. I agree that a deceptive cadence can be like a wink. Best wishes, Dr. B

[@ayonsarkar6218]

Thanks ❤️ really means a lot for people like me who are self taught. Keep it up 👍🏾

[@bennybe1977]

Cadences are punctuation in classical composition. In jazz (and other contemporary styles), it also used to create harmonic movement on a standing chord (iim-V7-Imaj7 for example, can occur in the middle of a sentence), it's so common, that jazz musician study includes many 2-5-1 patterns (in all scales\modes), and when you get used to it, it gives a much better current tone center indication, than the I chord by itself.

[@zakiahart3919]

Ok we're learning this in class now. Amen

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

Don't you mean IV I, LOL!

[@GarryBurgess]

I understand the voice leading rules when they are explained to me, but sometimes when the notes are on the board, it's hard for me to see how they are breaking the rules until it is pointed out. And until now I never considered how each chord tone had to be resolved - tone by tone. It's very satisfying to see how it's done, but at the same time, it seems like a lot to keep track of.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Yes, it is a lot to keep track of. One of the best ways tp get better is to play it on the piano; if you don't have the skills yet to play all four parts, then start with one part and then add a second. You could also try to play one part and sing another. Get creative but combine what it looks like with how it sounds!

[@GarryBurgess]

@@ChristopherBrellochs Thanks, I will do that from now on.

[@musicatraian]

I think the Deceptive Cadence you can mark like this (?!). In romanian we say it Cadența întreruptă ( a stopped cadence) in Major V-vi, but in Minor V-VI we call it Cadența Dramatică (The Dramatic Cadence). So both cords are written in root position but the vi / VI step doubles the 3rd.

[@zee9134]

Thank you so much for these videos. They really help me a lot for my music theory lessons.

[@neetrab]

Gosh, I'm so removed from this. Thanks for posting. I haven't learned this in at least 5 years. I forgot what cadences were...as well as other things in music theory.

[@ozcan999can2]

i have learnt a lot of thing from you, thank you so much

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

As a guitar player fancy cadences are a nightmare because our normal voicings aren't that flexible and it takes a ton of brain power to do fancy cadences to begin with, but then you have to work it out on the neck too, which we are not programmed for. That being said, I have some questions going on here. In PAC is there a rule for the soprano in the V chord? Does that rule change if it is a V7? All that stuff about the parallel 5ths and similar motion etc, ok, OW my brain just broke! I know parallel fifths were a giant no no according to Bach (as in Bach chorales) but I never understood why they didn't like them. Again, guitars are built to do them constantly with our voicings. So the second question is, do all the parallel rules still apply to PACs beyond the Baroque era? Or is it just the root chord and tonic in the top for the I, like the other sites say? Thanks.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Lots of great questions here! Q: "In PAC is there a rule for the soprano in the V chord?" A: Yes, you must use scale degree 2 or 7. Q: "Does that rule change if it is a V7?" A: No Q: "I never understood why they (Bach, etc.) didn't like them (parallel 5ths)." A: Parallel 5ths are so super consonant they sound like one powerful part. So what that means is if you are going along with 4 part harmony and all of a sudden two parts (voices) start moving in parallel 5ths it ends up sounding like 3 part harmony instead. Abrupt changes in the texture from 4 to 3 part harmony can sound weird if not done with care. Q: "Do all the parallel rules still apply to PACs beyond the Baroque era?" A: Parallel rules do apply for all styles of music that are trying to have a certain kind of texture. This rule was generally followed through the Classical and Romantic era. It wasn't until Debussy and the late 19th century/early 20th century that parallelism began to be widely used again. In part, because it was using the Middle Ages as inspiration. Many a guitar player, especially in rock and metal styles, use power chords and parallel 5ths to give their music strength. The goal is different than a full 4 part texture so the parallel 5ths work in that context. Q: "(For a PAC) ...is it just the root chord and tonic in the top for the I, like the other sites say?" A: You also need scale degree 2 or 7 the the preceding V(7) chord; in other words stepwise motion into the tonic. Best wishes, Dr. B www.patreon.com/DrBMusicTheory

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

@@ChristopherBrellochs May good fortune and kindness pour on you for taking the time to answer the questions (and speaking to a guitar player! LOL!). I am writing a song to explain these rules so I can remember them and maybe help others too, now I gotta work out how to do it and get all this in there without breaking brains, like the legendary info songs "I'm Just a Bill" or "Conjunction Junction", no easy task! Many thanks sir.

[@SAZIZMUSIC]

Your videos are amazing sir. Thanks for sharing them :-)

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Thanks! My pleasure.

[@patrickdineen4994]

Hello, This is ao good. You are a fantastic teacher. thankyou

[@hilarytoussaint7295]

Random lesson study order may delay proper advancement. Note from me to other students out there. Dr B is going somewhere follow his order. It is concentric lesson plan.

[@GalaxyPedlar]

At 16:08 you write a sequence that you call direct fifths. Which are the notes are making the direct fifths?

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

The "F" in the bass with the "D" in the soprano, both moving down (similar motion), with a leap in the soprano, into an "E" in the bass with the "B" in the soprano (a perfect 5th). When all three of these things happen in the outer voices (1. similar motion, 2. leap in soprano, 3. into a perfect 5th) there is too much weight and the SATB voices lose their flow!

[@juanitogabriel]

Christopher Brellochs I thought direct fifths were only F-C (5th) to E-B(5th) but this time was F-D (6th) to E-B (5th) Thank you.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Nope! What you describe is parallel 5ths, because it goes 5th to 5th. Hidden 5ths are trickier because the go unison, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th or octave to a 5th! Hope that clears things up!!

[@jpilot07]

Love your videos man

[@zakiahart3919]

Ok I'm just seeing this vid! You've ever thought about publishing? I'd buy your books!

[@michaelspirosbrazda8600]

I think you added one too many ledger lines when placing the g pitch at 9:10, correct?

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Thanks for keeping me honest! You are correct. Best wishes, Dr. B www.patreon.com/DrBMusicTheory

[@nicholassinnett2958]

Do you know where the plagal cadence comes from? I'm wondering if it's one of those holdovers from Phrygian modal music, where they had to look for alternatives to 5-1 motion for cadences.

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

Merriam Webster says they are from the Medieval time period so that would be modal, if that helps.

[@laytonjames9741]

Very good description of cadences. My only critisisms are 1) The written examples of each cadence probably should have been prepared earlier rather than the notes being written, rubbed out then rewritten - very confusing for the viewer. 2) The presentation on the board of the different types, and subtypes, of cadence is confusing. e.g. Are rootposition, inverted and leadingtone all subtypes of an imperfect cadence, or is inverted a subtype of rootposition and leading tone a subtype of inverted ?

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Good points and thanks for the feedback. I agree that putting cadences in a larger context with more chords beforehand would be helpful! To answer your second question: root position, inverted, and leading tone are all subtypes of an "imperfect cadence." I can see how that wasn't 100% clear. Thanks again! Best wishes, Dr. B www.patreon.com/DrBMusicTheory

[@amusicveteran]

You are very good Professor. Would love to have studied with you.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Thanks!

[@robertvigneau8065]

I agree some of these lessons have confused me in class, but you have cleared away the fog. Thank you so much.

[@davidmendoza1300]

These are only the basic cadences in the common practice. There are much more.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

So true. I should do another video and cover all cadences. Thanks for the idea. Best wishes, Dr. B

[@tz3179]

Would it be correct to think of the I64 - V as a half cadence?

[@wojciechgrochowski82]

What is that '6th' next to iV in Phrygian?

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

It is a figured bass symbol, which is also sometimes called a bass position symbol. It means there is an interval of a 6th above the bass note. Also implied for anything with a 6, is a 3rd above the bass which usually means that the triad is in first inversion. In the case of a Phrygian cadence is goes from a iv chord in first inversion (which is why it is labelled iv6) to a V chord in root position. I talk about this in Lesson 8 (Inversions, Figured Bass): kzbin.info/www/bejne/kJe7doOVlNOld6c Best wishes, Dr. B

[@wojciechgrochowski82]

@@ChristopherBrellochs Thank you so much! I appreciate. I came acorss your lectures a few weeks ago and I am impressed, each episode strenghtens my musical knowledge enormously. I am already looking forward to watching next episode. Kind regards, WGR

[@lewecusgame7598]

Poor plagal cadence, you just barely mentioned it :( On a more serious note, do all these cadences work the same in a minor key?

[@bzeliotis]

Excellent series of lectures, Thanks! (Unfortunately there is a discrepancy between US and English terminology. The English call a "I to V" an imperfect cadence. I guess as long as one is consistent in one's mind about what these terms mean, one can use any system.)

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

So they don't all it a half cadence there? You mean you have to remember PAC, IAC - it's three sub types, AND just a regular Imperfect Cadence too? OW!!!!!! At least Half Cadence breaks up the language a bit for the brain to breath some. Do they still call them breves too? I just learned that England doesn't call them quarter notes (etc.). It's worse the metric to standard.

[@bzeliotis]

@@TheRadioAteMyTV yes, the teachers say: 'don't pamper yourself!'

[@juanitogabriel]

Everything is cristal clear. Best wishes from Colombia, my beaty country that is about to get into #@&*%&@ comunism. Thank you Dr Brelloch.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

Thanks for the kind words. Tell the people in Columbia to read a book by someone who was there at the start: Ayn Rand, "Atlas Shrugged."

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

@@ChristopherBrellochs Libertarian music professor, interesting. That book is the longest short story ever written.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

@@TheRadioAteMyTV Haha. My mom got bored with children's book very quickly, so started reading me the Lord of the Rings trilogy at an early age - I got used to reading really long books.

[@TheRadioAteMyTV]

@@ChristopherBrellochs Have you read part one and two of Don Quixote? I loved them but sadly, I had to read the English version, but they were still great. The thing is with Atlas is it follows the rules of a short story, but goes on forever. The sci-fi part in the middle stuck out like a sore thumb, but she got her point across. By the way, your mom is kind of awesome. I bet she would have kept Tom Bombadil in the movies.

[@ChristopherBrellochs]

@@TheRadioAteMyTV My mom would have definitely kept Tom Bombadil, haha. Although I've read the synopsis and seen movie versions on Don Quixote, I've never read it. Sounds like they should be on my reading list.

[@patrickpirker1634]

let's "see" how it sounds like 🙂

[@patrickpirker1634]

sooo goood, that information!