Coming to Grips With Gravity

The mysteries of dark matter and dark energy may be evidence that we don’t fully understand the force of gravity. But when it comes to a force that has been studied mathematically and probed observationally for hundreds of years, what do we still need to learn? What questions are being asked? What research is pursued at the cutting edge? Would a new theory of gravity lead to a grand revolution in science, or do our present theories just need to be tweaked?
This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.
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Original program date: June 4, 2016
MODERATOR: Richard Panek
PARTICIPANTS: Pedro Ferreira, David Gross, Szabolcs Marka, Rachel A Rosen, Maria Spiropulu
Richard Panek Introduction 00:07
What is gravity? 2:39
A brief history of gravity 5:50
Space is fluctuating 14:22
Einstein and his equations 18:50
What changes in the 60's for science 24:39
Science and it's social development 34:19
How does dark matter fit in to gravity? 36:00
Why does dark energy get invoked in gravity? 48:00
Experimenters don't care? 58:10
What other phenomenon can create gravitational waves? 1:03:35
Black holes are amazing 1:11:01
Do all quantum mechanical process take place in space time? 1:18:26
What are your thoughts on a warp drive? 1:21:50
Does dark energy relate to dark matter? 1:22:59

[@WorldScienceFestival]

Hello, KZbinrs. The World Science Festival is looking for enthusiastic translation ambassadors for its KZbin translation project. To get started, all you need is a Google account. Check out Coming to Grips With Gravity to see how the process works: kzbin.info_video?ref=share&v=6PCCOH5tCvA To create your translation, just type along with the video and save when done. Check out the full list of programs that you can contribute to here: kzbin.info_cs_panel?c=UCShHFwKyhcDo3g7hr4f1R8A&tab=2 The World Science Festival strives to cultivate a general public that's informed and awed by science. Thanks to your contributions, we can continue to share the wonder of scientific discoveries with the world.

[@jennanelson5453]

I believe dark energy is a positive pressure exerted by the vacuum energy of space-time, and that what we are calling dark matter is merely the effects of dark energy on regular matter. A positive pressure exerted by space-time's vacuum energy predicts; -the accelerating universe -the expanding universe -we should measure there to be more mass than we can see matter being accountable for -matter in the center of a galaxy / cluster should have added relativistic mass, increasing its gravitational attraction, as well as its escape velocity -matter in the outer regions of a galaxy / cluster should be moving faster than we predict, sometimes faster than our predicted maximum orbital speed without flying out of orbit.

[@SzymonWeiss]

Great. Firstly though, at this level, it is not suitable to pronounce your guests' names incorrectly

[@kleimer40]

That's awesome! Beyond me.. surly there's much more plains that science and spirituality could come together to become aware of.

[@sivasliyizlagardaaasssserd6378]

Ok

[@cwb0110]

Gonna be completely honest here; I indulge in psychedelics whenever I can, and when I do, this kind of stuff blows my mind, so I’ll go out on a limb and assume I’m probably not your guy. But that first dude that commented May be on to something 🤔

[@jamesdolan4042]

David being a Nobel prize winner, makes him the unquestioned God of the group. He is acting accordingly. The moderator should have ensured everybody got an equal say in the group.

[@metameta1427]

I agree. This was one of the more poorly moderated professional talks I’ve seen. The moderator should lead the group and guide the topics. The guy’s moderation was almost non existent. David was just trying to fill the silence. At points it was almost cringe. Seems like the organizers opened the door and got the first guy off the street who was walking by to lead this talk. Hard to watch at times.

[@Quark.Lepton]

Shut up and stop the meta-babble. We’re lucky we ever got to see this discussion.

[@jamesdolan4042]

@@Quark.Lepton Fair enough, but everybody is entitled to an opinion, since the presentation is in the public realm. Perhaps then you could be less ignorant with your phrasing of language.

[@Quark.Lepton]

@@jamesdolan4042 When “opinions” are actually politically-motivated memes that help to endanger your fellow-Americans’ lives we must call them out for what they truly are. For example, elderly Vietnam Vets risked their lives and their ‘freedom’ and, even when drafted, went to war. The majority served proudly protecting our way of life. Today we have people that won’t even wear a fcking piece of cloth on their faces or get a shot to protect those same elderly Americans. We all know why they’re doing it and it has nothing to do with “freedumb”. It absolutely disgusts me.

[@brianjames8677]

@@Quark.Lepton So if we’re lucky we need to shut up? Can that be applied to all luck? Seems you didn’t think it through. So STFU!! Yes, if you don’t think before speaking or commenting, shut up.

[@acdnan]

I watch these motherfucking videos as soon as I see the notification

[@hanniffydinn6019]

acdnan that makes only 2 of us

[@armaan00007]

me too

[@mikeyangyang8816]

Me too

[@clarecardy54]

Yep ☝️️👍

[@acdnan]

Seamus Mac Sir I am honored that you replied to my comment. For your comment is by far the best comment I have read the internet. Thank You

[@45414]

Enjoyed this session, especially Szabolcs, Rachel and Maria. Their passion for science is contagious.

[@Ebruskaya]

I love it when scientists say "We don't know". ❤️ How humble they are and how diligent in describing what they know and what they don't. Another precious discussion. Thank you World Science Festival.

[@Leadership_matters]

I wish my boss would say that occasionally. And they are 1/2 as smart as the average person in that room!

[@tedl7538]

Great job Maria at 1:02:24 breaking up the schoolyard fight and pulling everything back on track!

[@taunteratwill1787]

Yep, a bit late though....

[@zackfair7913]

You mean great job Maria acting like a huge crazy mad cow that she actually looks like with her skulls? Ok I get your point better now. They were simply having a science discussion and this huge jealous disgusting cow intervened like she was some kind of asylum escapee ready to kill you because you wearing a white T-shirt on a white T-shirt assemble?

[@philswede]

great debate and Rachel kinda outsmarted the Nobel price dude 😂

[@wojtek_freak_of_science]

You mean this condescending old man with ego of universe. His time already passed and he's annoyed and angry on every person that has other theories than his own.

[@dantayler8911]

Both women are annoying and are vapid!

[@dantayler8911]

‘Nobel Prize’ dude is visionary and enthralling, while both women have the voice of 🐈 ‘cats mating’……… 🎤 drop! 💥

[@MrThomasHaytes]

"Coming to grips with Davis Gross"

[@SsspraakForsskkarring]

It's a stomach thing right? I won't google atm.

[@SnaFubar_24]

He is a bit of a dick right? At least I found him so...

[@godfreecharlie]

@@SnaFubar_24 The frustration is oozing out like an odor. Control issues.

[@SnaFubar_24]

@@godfreecharlie Yes, David Gross has control issues, he can't control himself when it comes to interrupting or having the last word. He was arrogant and monopolized the conversation. I call that behaving like a bit of a dick...

[@simesaid]

Yep, complete and utter dick. Considering how massive his head must be it's a wonder it hasn't just collapsed and become a black hole.

[@symonpalmer20]

This video is the most beautiful filmic thing, such wonderful descriptions, discussions, fluid conversation with Gravity being, well, what Gravity is, a force by which we discover more and more by simply trying to understand it's very nature. Wonderful. A KZbin video that now sits with all the most fabulous films I have seen.

[@iTweetify]

Had to wait 48 minutes before Rachel got the chance to speak.

[@pronounjow]

Yeah, but the guy said she was only there to talk about dark energy, anyway. She could have interrupted at any time if she had something else to say.

[@zoz0boy]

She is a boss like that

[@paxdriver]

iTweetify I'm glad I scanned the comments. Thanks dude. *skip*

[@annecorley7867]

She had to get her mad up

[@moonlight.3x3]

iTweetify amen sister!

[@roberttrahan709]

As an old submarine sailor curious about Gravity, I would be more comfortable hearing that Gravity is more of a dynamic situation caused by displacement of space-time media,( mass fabric,foam,fluidity,string, etc.), akin to how a submarine displaces water vectorially. Could one say That Gavity is less a "force", and more of a dynamic?? Is such

[@muzikako4314]

David being a Nobel prize winner, makes him the unquestioned God of the group. He is acting accordingly. The moderator should have ensured everybody got an equal say in the group.

[@shyamsarkar7199]

these videos are really awesome. i didn't thought it will hold me up for 1:25 hrs

[@twstdelf]

Nice show notes! Appreciated. :)

[@carnsoaks1]

David, every time, DR, whether it be String or GR, you got to pontificate. Your slow paced syncopation, your condescension. Be it a group, or a presenter (see N.A-H in Germany of all places) Sure, you have the only N.P. of any living American Theoretical Particle Physicist BUT CANNOT YOU LEAVE SOMEONE... LET SOMEONE HAVE THE... CANNOT THE LAST WORD BE LEFT TO ANOTHER SOMETIME. CANNOT YOU NOT HIJACK A PRESENTATION, so it goes so far off topic that, people need to meet in private to talk through any idea you do not proscribe to???.... When you are there, nothing new gets discussed, because Asymptotic Freedom was where learning ended.

[@henriknielsen1662]

Absolutely right, David Gross is self-important and condescending and has nothing new to say. He is his surname.

[@dougg1075]

Not that big a deal

[@hyf-sd1yc]

Steven Weinberg is still alive, in fact more prestigious than Gross. And Glashow. Also Wilczek, who won it together with Gross. So he is definitely not the only one. Sorry about being picky.

[@letsif]

I love these long form dialogues.

[@-_Nuke_-]

Για σου ρε Μαρία! Δεν ξέρω αλλά νιώθω περήφανος να βλέπω Έλληνες επιστήμονες σε τέτοια πανελ! : )

[@devrante]

i like the skulls on Maria's scarf!

[@nelox666]

I like Maria.

[@alexcastro7339]

Who else was waiting for the person all the way on the left side to speak????.....lol

[@roberthodgins6584]

Old Dave isn’t having none of it! Lol

[@curiosull]

Good simple explanations, thanks!

[@Gaminglaptopsjunky01]

this guy in the middle really takes a lot of space

[@shirleymason7697]

I think he’s earned it. A Nobelist.

[@IconProduction01]

@@shirleymason7697 That explains a lot.... He probably has 0 real friends and 3 failed marriages. Completely off-putting attitude towards anyone else with a different opinion, and he just talks over people with no shame.

[@neilanderson891]

At 1:18:35, a member of the audience asks, "Do all quantum (uh) mechanical processes take place in space-time?" David Gross started talking, but even after replaying his answer several times, I'm not sure whether his answer is "yes", "no", or "we don't know". He talked about space-time, reality, manifolds, etc. He could have provided some clarity such as by defining "Reality" as "Any system that's run by Mother nature", and defining a "Model" as "Our best guess(es) at how Mother Nature runs one of her Systems". BTW, sometimes I think that "our best guess" may be over-stated. For example: A Singularity is supposedly a "dimensionless point" where scientists claim the mass of the Black Hole (let me refer to that mass as the "Kernel") gets crushed-down to -0- length, -0- width and -0- depth. However, it might be the case that Mother Nature is always able to avoid creating any singularity simply by requiring an infinite amount of time for the Kernel to be crushed into a dimensionless point (i.e., the Singularity). In fact, if it doesn't take an "infinite amount of time", then it simply might take a LOT of time, say, a googolplex of years (i.e., 10 raised to the power of a googol; a googol is 10 raised to the power of 100), compared to the (accepted) notion that our Universe is merely "13.7 x ten raised to the power of 6" years old. In other words, Mother Nature could allow the current Universe to "evaporate" into nothingness (all atomic particles decay into energy) before any Kernel has existed long enough to become a Singularity. Let me unpack that: --> As a mere lay person, my general understanding is this: As any part of a gravitational field (approaches and) reaches infinity, the passage of time (slows and then) stops (within that part of the gravitational field). (Wait - "reaching any infinity" is something you certainly can object to, and you have every right to scoff at it, but, come on, you have to agree to accept the concept of "having reached infinite gravity" simply because so many physicists talk openly and enthusiastically about Singularities as if they DO exist, with no mention of "when" they can exist.) This suggests (to a mere lay person like me) that Mother Nature might avoid the creation of a Singularity simply by slowing the "crushing-down of the Kernel" (via the dilation of time) so that it (literally) takes an infinite amount of time ... (i.e., from our perspective, in a significantly less intense gravitational field here on Earth, as we examine the heavens with our telescopes and imagination) ... for the Kernel to become a Singularity. So, if Mother Nature allows no Kernel to become a Singularity while the Universe exists as we know it, well then, one could philosophize that the Laws of Mother Nature are never violated ... if a tree falls in the forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? In this case, Mother Nature denies any forrest's existence, and denies the existence of anyone to disagree. Am I a Nihilist? Nope. Am I a heretic? Nope. Do I believe the Earth is flat? Nope. I just think that scientists do a lousy job of showing how or why they can rule-out simple solutions while they reach for the unimaginable. I wish they would publish important proofs for the lay audience, and unpack them, making them accessible to those who are interested in evaluating their unimaginable claims.

[@mamavswild]

Gravity may not be as weak as it seems; many theoretical physicists including Nima Arkani-Hamed think that we are looking at gravity all wrong ...space/time should be space/time/gravity...that they are all manifestations of the same thing.

[@mikkel715]

To be living at a Brane on a Hypersphere is not that bad..

[@glutinousmaximus]

Scientifically, we are perhaps in the best of times. In 3 or 4 hundred years, we have successively uncovered mystery after mystery about the universe around us. We have encountered many surprises and wondrous discoveries along the way. We have stubborn challenges ahead and gravity is perhaps the greatest. A great post - Many Thanks!

[@timreid99]

David shuts down discussion by saying "no" before what he says next

[@ojnord]

I am amazed by the blizz from Maria and Rachel. Soo cool to see women rock at science. A true inspiation for my daughters. Thanks!

[@ramaraksha01]

What is depressing is to see the number of viewers of these videos and then compare them with any sexual videos on you tube

[@08wolfeyes]

When it comes to space, can we say that space its self is, in fact, dark energy and dark matter? Might it also be possible the outside what we call our universe or beyond what we can see, might there be an attractor of some kind?

[@antonleimbach648]

These discussions are awesome.

[@glennfrancisco5525]

😊😊😊ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooojooooooooooooooooooooojoooooooooojopoojooooooooojojooooojojooojojooooojoojopoooooooooooooojooooooooooooojooooooooooojoooooojooooooojooooooooooooooooooooooooooojjooooooooooojoooooooo9ojpoooooopoooooojooojooojojooojoojoooooooooooojjoooooooooojpojojoooojjooooooojooojoooooooojopojoojjoooojooooooooooooooooooojjpjooojooooooojooooojjjoojooojooooooooojjjooooooooooojooojojoojoooooooooojooooooojoooooooooojojoojjoooojooooooojoooojooooooooooooooojoooojjojoojjoooooooojooojojooooooojoooooooooooooooooooooooooooojojoooooooojojoooooojoooooooooojoojojojoooooojooooooojoojoojoojooooooojoooooojjjooooojojojoooojoooooooooooojojjooooooojpjoojooooooojjpjojoojopoooooooooooooooooooooooooopoooooo9oojoojjopoojooooojjoooooooojjojooooooooooojoooopoooooooojooooooooooojjojoooooooooojjoojoooojjooojooooooojooojoojo jooooojoookoooooooooooooooooooooooojjooooooooooooooooooo

[@GlassDeviant]

1:15:10 "We have models of black holes which we can understand by ordinary quantum mechanical means." ... "ordinary" quantum mechanical means. :)

[@GranulatedStuff]

I love Rachel Rosen for a whole bunch of reasons !

[@SnaFubar_24]

I wish she had been allowed to expand on her ideas more. David Gross was an ass throughout the discussion.

[@Mac2point1]

I watched it all. Didn't understand any if it, but got through it.

[@thomasvieth578]

For reasons of aesthetics I cannot escape thinking of “Gravity’s Rainbow”, it having a certain attraction for me

[@pronounjow]

Maybe we can study David and Maria. His gravitational pull is so strong that Maria can't help but lean towards him. Lol

[@timreid99]

these two where my least favourite because both tried to dominate the discussion

[@fullyawakened]

Rezillusionz Smith They are supposed to dominate the discussion. Everyone is pretty well informed how much time they will have, how long they will have to wait and what they are supposed to cover. This follows the same format as every other talk. One person gives an intro then pretty much shuts up for the rest of the talk, a few people fill the body of the discussion, then outliers, detractors, specialists or other non-mainstream people get a few minutes towards the end to present their data.

[@timreid99]

Ahh, ok. Understood.

[@Kalumbatsch]

Nope, that doesn't really make much sense.

[@katiekat4457]

And her head shook up in down in a yes signal the whole time he talked so no doubt she agrees with everything he is saying

[@onetwo3603]

one thing has remained constant with humanities pretence,it has a handle on the big questions, time always shows us to be wrong by various orders of magnitude

[@Erintel]

Albert Asimov dropped a bowling ball on a rubber pool table. E = MC Hammer, Private Eye, smashed it into atoms. Father Time, arriving before he left, placed his bets: "Quarks in the corners, waves in the side, charge in the middle and no divide."

[@gregsharp8420]

Wonder if they could tell me if the vacuum energy, that is causing the Doppler effect on light as space expands is absorbing this missing energy from the light at its source compared to the slightly less energetic light we see?

[@moonlight.3x3]

closed captioning please!

[@KenzieLaMar]

Love this talk. I wish the moderator could have allowed the whole panel to contribute more equally. But even with 2 people dominating the talk it was still fascinating and wonderful.

[@gozderdogan]

Kenzie LaMar you are handsome.

[@robertyoung1777]

This might have been better if it had started out with each guest having been given a set amount of time to talk. The panel could then have had a conversation with the moderator taking an active role in allowing each panel member relatively equal time to talk.

[@feuxdinoit_]

I think we should start romanticizing mathematics more lol

[@metameta1427]

Mathematics is beauty. It’s art. It’s everything.

[@marvinmauldin4361]

E=m(heart)² ?

[@kokomanation]

Maybe thermodynamics could be a key ingredient we should add to help us figure out how spacetime works how it interacts with massive objects and gets warped

[@jamesconner8275]

Too bad David Gross was allowed to sidetrack the program for so long.

[@glennmurphy9542]

I think he said A lot between the lines also he knows more than he's. ( aloud ) to talk about

[@alexcastro7339]

@@glennmurphy9542 Allowed???

[@ccarson]

I thought it was engrossing.

[@MrRickkramer]

Check out Erik Verlinde, he is a Dutch scientist working from Amsterdam University. His theories hold a lot of promise in my opinion.

[@user-jh3rx3ej7h]

No, they don't. Unless you at least understand the math and physics involved in his paper, which takes years of studying and training, then you don't understand them. Several papers that are currently part of the literature all published in the past few months have shown explicitly how Verlinde's theory deviates from known measurements of radial acceleration of galaxies and how a dark matter particle fits the data better. His theory suffers from many flaws. Just because it sounds new and exciting does not mean it is good physics. It is most likely wrong.

[@taunteratwill1787]

@@user-jh3rx3ej7h I believe you don't know your flaws, your most likely wrong as a human being. MrRickkramer is right Erik Verlinde is way brighter than this pretentious @C R fuckup!

[@user-jh3rx3ej7h]

@@taunteratwill1787 His theory on entropic gravity is not supported or taken seriously by almost anybody in the quantum gravity or cosmology community for the reasons I listed above. A dark matter particle fits the data much better and his theory fails to reproduce dark matter observations. Theoretical physics papers are almost 99% wrong and maybe 1% correct. It doesn't mean that his paper has no value. You are clearly too emotionally-driven and unable to separate logic and coherent physics ideas from what you want to be true.

[@taunteratwill1787]

@@user-jh3rx3ej7h Your theory is better than mine? Theory =Theory. Stop trying to make it more than it is. Ideas based upon other ideas! And don't pretend to be a shrink, you failed miserably on other convictions before. And now fuck off you're pretentious and boring.

[@IconProduction01]

Never get into an argument with that old man in the center.... He loves to hear himself talk, he'll talk over you at every chance, he completely believes he's smarter than you and everyone else, and he's one of those people who will not stop until he feels like he's won. I'm sure he's a great time at parties.....

[@timewalker6654]

he is the smartest in the room, he is a Nobel laureate.

[@IconProduction01]

@@timewalker6654 Well cool then? Poor guy, knows he's the smartest in most rooms, yet feels the need to flex it fully on other people to puff himself up.. Sad, now I know he has 1 friend (his mother) and he's still a virgin to this day, so I hope it was worth it bruh lol.

[@eshoo8000]

Seek help

[@wilhelmvonpost]

very disappointing discussion.. I thought it would be about new theories and speculation as said in the beginning, but ended up mostly going over einstein again and again..

[@LuisAldamiz]

What's in the box? Schrödinger's quantum physicist in a superposition of states right and wrong, but it is absolutely certain that he/she is thinking inside the box.

[@dckfg01]

This also means we have not exceeded Einstein yet.

[@zackfair7913]

Well because Einstein is right all the way... and GR is a complete theory. Quantum mechanic is good too but is dramatically incomplete, like they explain very well in this talk and as Einstein said himself, and it is still the case today, in fact quantum mechanic is so incomplete, you ' re blind and walking on a highway, unless you use Einstein theory which in a sense might be a way to hear the quantum phenomena you are probing, since you have no other way to probe it, or if I use my analogy again, to hear any cars rushing at you in the highway until you figure out what is going on. Lot of work still need to be done. We need Einstein again but the quantum version of him. Queinstein, where are you?

[@neilanderson891]

@The Real Slim Brady (re: your comment Aug-2019) --> In "what way" did "who" fail to factor-in the speed of light? You seem to be saying that "gravity" is always attractive, therefore any acceleration in the expansion of the Universe must be due solely to the mysterious "dark energy" which must be larger than "what-has-been-estimated" because dark-energy must overcome the deceleration of the cosmos due to gravity. Perhaps what you mean is that when astronomers say "Galaxy-X is 5 million light-years away", that must be incorrect, because Galaxy-X has had 5 million years to move even further away, much further ... therefore, it is more accurate to say that "5 million years ago, Galaxy-X was 5 million light-years away" and then estimate how far away it must be today.

[@HighestRank]

Neil Anderson a far-away light source was not moving at a constant rate 5 mil years ago- nor will it continue moving at a constant rate, so all extrapolation of its present, past, or future locations based upon any instantaneous information at best would only be conjectural.

[@jeremybonanno4583]

What if we're shrinking? No expansion

[@dugldoo]

I know this is an aging presentation, but I was put off by Gross's usurping the show, his arrogance, and his demeaning treatment of Rosen. Reminds me of the stories of Eddington's treatment of Chandrasekhar in public. Hopefully we won't see him invited back to future WSF presentations.

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Same goes for Sagaterian A*

[@jackieow6692]

1) If photons have no mass, why do they bend in their trajectory as they go past a large mass like the sun, for instance the precessional change of Mercury's orbit. So on Earth we see Mercury appearing around the horizon of the sun artificially sooner than it should? If there is no mass there, what is the gravitational force grabbing? (2) If I take my rocket into a black hole and land on a singularity, suppose I get out a flashlight and put the base of the flashlight on the singularity. I point the flashlight toward the event horizon at straight up = north or 12 o'clock, and I turn it on. The photons can't escape because there is too much gravity. That means they have to slow down. But photons can't go slower than the speed of light because the speed of light is constant. So what happens to the photons between the singularity and the event horizon if I try to point my flashlight away from the singularity? (3) What is going on inside an electron with its internal structure such that something spins one direction to generate in the outside world what we label as "negative charge" but something spins the other way to cause what we describe as "positive charge" if it were a positron? Ditto for positive charge in protons and negative charge in antiprotons. (4) If a neutron is inside a nucleus, it has a half life of billions of years. But if the neutron is by itself in free space, it has a half-life of about 400 seconds. (a) Why stable inside a nucleus, even for tiny deuterium or tritium, but unstable outside a nucleus? The neutron decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti-matter neutrino. (b) How can an anti-matter neutrino exist inside an ordinary matter neutron back when the neutron existed as a neutron? Or if it was there in another form as a proto-antimatter neutrino, what form was it in? (5) If high energy gamma rays collide, they can condense into matter. Can all forms of matter form in this way, for instance how about neutrinos or Higgs Bosons-- do they form from Big Bang level collisions of gamma rays? (6) Where can I park my spaceship so that if I look in one direction I will see a panorama of billions of stars and galaxies, but if I turn around 180 degrees there is nothing to see because the universe hasn't expanded there yet? There are places the universe hasn't expanded to yet, so there have to be vast numbers of places (or a large outer surface) where such sights could be seen. Or, to mix questions, could it be the edge of the universe is where it goes down the drain to the center of black holes which is why you can't see anything there? (7) If time happens more slowly at the center of the earth, how can there be a blue shift of light at the center of the earth? With a blue shift, the electromagnetic waves happen with greater frequency which means the waves are moving [perpendicular to the direction of propagation] more quickly. The tick-tock of light's electromagnetic pulsations is happening more quickly with the higher energy of blue light. If more gravity means blue shift and faster pulsations, then denser gravity means time's events happen more quickly, not more slowly. (8) For the paradox of a stationary twin and a twin in a rocket at 99% the speed of light. from the point of reference of the twin in a rocket the twin in a rocket is stationary and the other twin is, in comparison, moving away at nearly the speed of light. So why does the one age and the other not? It must be that the one that stays young stays young because it is having kinetic energy added to its system. Or perhaps moving relative to a HIggs field slows down time. Or maybe something else. How would kinetic energy slow down time, or how would a moving Higgs field slow down time? If time slows down at the center of the earth, how is it that more gravitational force slows down time? Is there an interactional commonality among kinetic energy, Higgs field, and gravity? (9) A ray of light is not travelling in a straight line, because it is always influenced to some extent by gravity from some mass somewhere in the universe. Particles are made from condensed gamma rays, and so do not have exact stable surfaces but rather only the turmoil of thrashing electromagnetic fields. The surface of the purest cystal is actually at the micro-micro level not a plane but rather an approximate surface of condensed energy pulsations or string pulsations, and the edge of a crystal is not a straight line but rather only a wiggling approximate line. Simple integers are absolutes, while in nature there are no absolute straight lines or true planes or absolute flat surfaces. Since integers have absolute magnitudes aka defined boundaries but light and matter do not, why should we think numbers are accurate at the ultimate micro-micro level for describing physical phenomena? (10) If an entire galaxy were made out of antimatter, how would be know from this far away that it wasn't made of ordinary matter? (11) If you look at an electromagnetic wave, when the electric field is maximum going down the magnetic field is maximum going to the right. If you keep the electric wave going down, is there any way to flip the magnetic 180 degrees to the left, e.g. with an antimatter domain or supersymmetry (or something other than going backwards in time)? Why does the magnetic go to the right instead of the left when the electric goes down? Does it have anything to do with why there is more matter than antimatter, like for instance the handedness of electromagnetic waves as we know them destabilizes (tears apart) antimatter handedness more easily than ordinary matter handedness? Does the electric drive the magnetic or does the magnetic drive the electric? Or are they both dependent on another third-factor determinant driving factor? (12) If light as in electromagnetic radiation can't escape from a black hole, how can Hawking radiation escape, since all it is is infrared electromagnetic radiation?

[@sywaddr11]

How can you differ the wave is not comets kissing stars or moon?

[@charlesoconnor9837]

It does travel quick even with a aaa battery ?

[@LuisAldamiz]

Schrödinger had a box and inside there was a quantum physicist bragging about how he or she would put gravity inside the neat box of quantum mechanics. It is uncertain if Schrödinger's physicist-in-the-box is right or wrong or in a superposition of both states but what is quite clear is that he or she (gender is also uncertain) is thinking inside the box.

[@MrTommy4000]

why aren't the asteroid belt or the kuiper belt forming planets or joining with the help of gravity ?

[@dolfi173]

según la física clásica una partícula se define por sus componentes temporales las que al interactuar con los diversos campos lo hace usando usando una simetría que puede dar efectos atractivos o repulsivos ,es decir que estos ' genios no comprenden que la cuantización eléctrica y la gravitatoria se parecen pero la diferencia de fuerza depende de la forma de los elementos básicos de un eje espacial dividido

[@charlesoconnor9837]

There must be something about field to allow light to travel for apparently nothing travelling at the speed of light I find that really interesting

[@PazLeBon]

i often picture space like liquid so gravity seems like a sort of displacement

[@madeincda]

Yes I like this idea too. I imagine an infinitely large pool where we only exist at the surface. Not above or below but right within the surface. Where everything perceivable in our realm exists. Similar to existing in a 2D world. The extra dimension in SUSY is everything around the surface. So the particles that we can't see exist below and above the surface in they're own dimension. Therefor we only see them when they pass through our surface dimension to the opposite side. So when you look at a tiny bubble sitting on the surface of any liquid that is a simile for our universe in a sense...

[@charlesoconnor9837]

1-1=o fact, highly likely the outside rotating bit gets spun out its not in atom form at that time

[@BenneBG]

Gravity is that film with Clooney and Bullock

[@emasolie4135]

Someone didn't profile guests beforehand. A cat was set among the pigeons, (an extrovert among the introverted INTP's). Gross needs to get his own show where his ego can run free.

[@espaciohexadimencional6798]

I hope this numbers might be helpfull some way: if you add the 8 plaets in the disk you get 77.86M/S SQ. and if you add the suns gravity you get 351.86M/S SQ./3.1416 = 112.00025 112.00025/300000K/S(LS) = 2678.5654/89.28 = 30.001852. 89.28 is the result of 351.86/31416(10000 times 3.1416) = 89.28551. 149.6 millions of km. for suns light to reach us times 210 = 31416. The universe works in three faces: HIGH= 10920 Hz. MEDLE= 10416 Hz, LOW= 10080 This faces could grow or get smaller as wished. if you add the three faces they add 31416. 10920/3141600 = 287.6923/144(serie PHI) = 1.9978631. 10416/3141600 = 301.6129/3.1416 =96.006143/17126.594(the 118 places of the periodic table all added) = 178.39936/89.28 = 1.9982007. 10080/3141600 = 311.66666/77.86 = 4.002911. 22 years is a compleate SUNS CICLE and this number does good numbers: 22/10920 = 496.36363/3.1416 = 157.99708/17126.594 = 108.39816/1.618 = 66.995154. 42 are the petals of THE FLOWER OF LIFE same figure apears from DNA. 42/10920 = 260/300000 = 1153.8461/3.1416 = 367.27976/1.618(GOLDEN NUMBER) = 226.99614/17126.594 = 75.448833/3.1416 = 24.01605. WHY NOT see the solar system as a cell of our universe? where 351.86 is the GRAVITY of our solar sistem. sos sos sos sos¡?

[@Sartorri4666]

Yeah!?

[@dadsonworldwide3238]

I'd like to ask, are we not making the same mistake we made with thinking newton's gravity was everything or Einstein was? As in the quantum realm doesn't work as we observe in our realm. Can it be that on large scales galaxy's won't fit apart and doesn't require far matter because it's radiating more than we think. our observations aren't that accurate. The bowling ball heavy object l doesn't fall faster than a feather-light object. We've made this kinda mistake many times. And with respect to expanding space is it a we to test that we ourselves aren't expanding? How can you test this? I know they say no we aren't but I've never heard a good explanation of proof that has been done to know.

[@ramaraksha01]

25 min into the video and I think Ms Rosen has yet to speak!

[@davidevans2810]

It is simple: Gravity is the effect created when mass lenses spacetime. It isn't a "warp", but a lensing.

[@rickquest6385]

I agree the 'rubber sheet' theory is not correct but what do you mean by 'lensing?'

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Something about a cap and inductor in parallel with a touch of Dc, something very intrinsic about it 🤦‍♂️

[@grahammatthews3798]

*Senhor Ferreira* gives the best description of gravity yet. IMHO the hint that needs to be amplified lies in the words "If you *throw* something". Then will the layman understand that everything in the Universe has been moving since the Big Bang and gravity (an improper acceleration) simply causes it to take a minor detour

[@thermotronica]

Cool scarf

[@MikeSmith-cl4ix]

Gravity is a mathematical concept used to explain why masses are attracted to each other. It's not an actual Force it's in effect caused by the ability of mass to absorb, convert and reflect electromagnetic radiation. As We know, EM radiation can have an accelerating effect on matter (A push rather than a pull) and is everywhere present throughout the universe. So when a mass is near another Mass they both have a dampening effect on each other. That's what makes sense to me.

[@dantayler8911]

Rachel dressed with a scarf with skull 💀 print…..🙄. Hmmm 🤔 classy😂😅🤣

[@jforkum3948]

The effect of matter in the universe, is not unlike that of a marble in a fish tank. The volume of the marble increases the water level in the tank just as the volume of a particle increases the space in the universe. Another way to perceive this concept is as follows. Space and matter are flip sides of the same coin. without matter, space would not exist. The pressure the marble is under as it travels deeper into the water; is comparable to the gravity effect we feel in our relative position inside the space that is being created by the matter around us. At the atomic level, the space that a particle creates, has a very defined end to that space as the particle has a constant density. As two particles' spaces become entangled, the two particles combine to create a larger volume of space together that locks the two particles inside that space while any photon wave energy that enters that space becomes trapped as an electron. The edges of the space these two particles create is less defined as the edges a single particle will create as the two particles in their created space also have each their own density that is varied in the space the two particles create. This effect is known as the "strong nuclear force". As more particles become entangled together in the space created and common to these particles, the effect of the strong nuclear force begins to weaken. On the scale of large planetary matter collected and common to the space created by that matter, we feel that same effect as gravity.

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Looking at the diversity of life on Earth is easy to do it

[@evrardmusic]

Didn’t Dirac confirm a relationship between GR and quantum mechanics?

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Does everything travel in its own direction from the beginning hence the reason they are still here ooo

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Because light wavelength goes red and we say space is expanding what if that’s not correct

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Is that why we’re on our on has this happened many times

[@MirekHeikkila]

1:02:30 NoooOoO whyyyy, i was interested and i live for drama(lol jk but still!)! But really i want to hear them 'argue' :/... that's part of scientific dialogue :D

[@zackfair7913]

It must of been the skulls

[@HighestRank]

Oh god, my thought experiment’s ingredients are going to chain react!

[@Les537]

I can listen to David all day.

[@matthewweflen]

You're in luck, then.

[@soubhikmukherjee6871]

Gravity is love.

[@malazatassi8634]

Could the dark energy or matter be the so called ether?

[@malikapollard3618]

This one guy likes the sound of his voice a little more than the others.

[@charlesoconnor9837]

Gravity and light live there lol

[@garymulsp]

The chair ruined this

[@pronounjow]

The moderator? He almost wasn't part of the panel. Lol

[@garymulsp]

He's meant to make sure one person doesnt dominate the discussion

[@taunteratwill1787]

Yes the chairs were a bit too much of the 60's!

[@Phoenixash-delfuego]

If the chairs had holes in them everything could be aired out and we could get right to the bottom of everything.

[@davidinfante6348]

Dark matter is not a particle it's a field that has different dimensions across space depending on how regular matter is Clump together

[@frontech3271]

Is Space "stretching" to expand, or is more Space appearing from some - what?

[@brabantstad384]

you are many mutch my friendsly

[@fullyawakened]

At the very end during audience question he says that the Casimir effect is wrong... I wish that were more clarified. The Casimir effect certainly is not wrong and he knows that so I can't think of what he meant to convey there.

[@espaciohexadimencional6798]

I think is right whene there is no matter inside(say planets) but if there is matter(planets) the pressure in between is not the same; that is why the cubes in space got togather, that is not gravity atraction. big mistake for theme.

[@thelastkinddirectory]

Gravity is like gravy on your sunday roast. The watery parts do not stick but gently run across the surface of your plate (fabric of space) and your black holes are like Tobby's Yorkshire puddings that get filled up with anything. When gravity or someone else fills your black hole it eventually explodes and bang! A new universe is born...As simple as that. Next question please...

[@VinayakVidhyasagar]

The old man has a crush on maria,gravity may be matter itself,a special type

[@eveNatom]

We are gravity. Our journey is to the center of our gravity. We control gravity by the way we think. Gravity is borrowed from the future. We were measured for space time, and density by the frequency of light and sound through the mass. Our path was laid out and measured and we were put in motion. We are the metaphor of the atom. Specifically we are the expression of an atom divided. The projectors known as eyes are the metaphor of this atom divided. One eye is yin one eye is Yang. Our emotional energy we allow the body to receive dictates which eye we see through. When we think we are allowing gravity to pull on us in forceful ways. When we are in the present moment, we are in our center of gravity, balanced, even, like an eveN atom, and not Adam n Eve. The reason gravity is a dark force is because it’s from the future and no light has been shone on it yet. In the beginning gravity was a straight line that had no power, no force. Then gravity became aware of its own frequency which was the flickering light that pulled it in on itself and gave gravity its power creating the force that gives us our sound and realness. The frequency holds us in perfect time and the gravity gives us our realness, our sound. We are all quantum beings. We don’t sleep, we leap. We are the awareness, the electrons that are furthest away from the nucleus, chaos. Our job is to balance the chaos also known as emotions and maintain this emotional balance. Everyone must balance the center of their gravity. If you ever stub a toe or drop something then try to remember what you were thinking because the gravity is what pulled your toe in the wall or made us drop what we were holding due to thinking inthe future or past which causes our gravity to imbalance. We are the awareness, gravity creates the awareness by forcing masculine and feminine together into an atom which allows for creation and a realness which in turn creates awareness of. It makes no sense for something to “become” if there is no awareness of. This is all mental, understanding the 369 starting with the 3 energies is imperative to understanding the self/universe. 3 is for energies, 6 stands for the 6 senses to read the 3 energies, and the 9 which is the ego body that needs balancing through all six senses. , when we engage 5 senses at once it creates a sixth sense known as the common sense which is lacking. Most are stuck sensing with their eyes and ears and not using their other senses. So much deeper but that’s a surface level explanation. Balance is key! Understanding is imperative, knowing is the opposite of understanding.

[@jbclarricoats5941]

The absence of resistance

[@yvondenis5783]

what is fabulation is the question.

[@Trp44]

I do think I would repeat my name more than Einstein’s if I were on a panel. Especially if I spoke from the heart.

[@tvrteja8837]

Extremely poor anchoring

[@chanpol321]

Gravitation Gravity (from Latin gravitas, meaning 'weight'), or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy-including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light-are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity causes the ocean tides. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing, forming stars-and for the stars to group together into galaxies-so gravity is responsible for many of the large-scale structures in the Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become increasingly weaker as objects get further away. Bing

[@jennanelson5453]

I believe dark energy is a positive pressure exerted by the vacuum energy of space-time, and that what we are calling dark matter is merely the effects of dark energy on regular matter. A positive pressure exerted by space-time's vacuum energy predicts; -the accelerating universe -the expanding universe -we should measure there to be more mass than we can see matter being accountable for -matter in the center of a galaxy / cluster should have added relativistic mass, increasing its gravitational attraction, as well as its escape velocity -matter in the outer regions of a galaxy / cluster should be moving faster than we predict, sometimes faster than our predicted maximum orbital speed without flying out of orbit.

[@chinesewitholiver]

I love World Science Festival! The content of this video is superb! But the form is bad. Because it's a new concept. Please change the settings of this video, and don't allow comments, which are partially correct, but only lead us away from the target.

[@subtle0savage]

Can gravity escape black holes? If concentrated mass passes a threshold where it begins to warp space/time in on itself, and given that gravity of mass is a bending of space-time, then it follows that in such a model the ever tightening loop of warping space-time in on itself would create an infinity paradox. Which, by the by, conflicts with the premise that light acts as a universal speed limit. In an infinitely closing loop, speed of light would rapidly be passed.

[@nietzscheanperspective6686]

subtle0savage That is very interesting.

[@PapaKakaes]

subtle0savage it's called hawking radiation

[@PatrickLHolley]

Clearly "gravity" is correlated with mass, but my question is this: Is it an open possibility that mass is not the source of gravity? And is it possible that gravity is generated by immaterial realities instead, even though you always have a correlation with fluctuations in space when mass is present?

[@charlesoconnor9837]

I see nobody mentioned what if there was a bigger mass attracting these Galaxy’s in our Universe, current physics

[@neilanderson891]

@The Real Slim Brady (re: your comment Aug-2019) --> In "what way" did "who" fail to factor-in the speed of light? You seem to be saying that "gravity" is always attractive, therefore any acceleration in the expansion of the Universe must be due solely to the mysterious "dark energy" which must be larger than "what-has-been-estimated" because dark-energy must overcome the deceleration of the cosmos due to gravity. Perhaps what you mean is that when astronomers say "Galaxy-X is 5 million light-years away", that must be incorrect, because Galaxy-X has had 5 million years to move even further away, much further ... therefore, it is more accurate to say that "5 million years ago, Galaxy-X was 5 million light-years away" and then estimate how far away it must be today.

[@Dadecorban]

I prefer when they argue. I hate that this always gets stopped. Ahahahaha...someone asked about Alcubierre Warp Drive. Did you see those expressions....ahahaha.