Complex Behaviour from Simple Rules: 3 Simulations

[@simivb]

I'm just glad you exist. This is nice.

[@wistlov9248]

I wholeheartedly agree!

[@diegopalo4073]

Same 💪🏻💪🏻

[@flashplays6489]

Wait 12 hours ago for me it shows the video released 12 mins ago

[@rikittu]

@@flashplays6489 he probably release videos a day earlier for his patreon supporters. The video is unlisted till the time of the publix upload.

[@terry2295]

I edit the comment because I asked the same question as Flash Wally above me and Ritik Tandon already answered it so no need for my comment

[@SebastianLague]

Hey everyone, I know this one's a bit light on explanation -- I've just been having a lot of fun messing around with various simulations and wanted to share some of the results. Might do a more in-depth video on these techniques at one point if there is interest (for now though, the description has more detail and some links if you're curious). Hope you enjoy the video! The second simulation is based on the work of Slackermanz, if you'd like to see many more awesome examples of what can be done with this technique, make sure to check out Slackermanz' Twitter and KZbin over here: twitter.com/slackermanz kzbin.info/door/moNsNuM0M9VsIXfm2cHPiAvideos

[@rohanasokan7338]

Been loving your videos. It would be great if you start a tutorial on how you make these videos - they look so smooth and honestly the best I have seen on youtube. Cheers!

[@franciscomagalhaes7457]

I don't suppose anything like this can be at least emulated using webgl, for a browser experience, right? I've been trying to research how I would make cellular automata solely using webgl, but feel like I might have to hack together something suboptimal, since resources on the subject seem to be few and far between...

[@TheKennethConner]

It is so amazing how you are tweaking them and changing the rules mid-simulation! It's like a fireworks show! I love it!

[@JuanPablodelaTorre]

@@franciscomagalhaes7457 I'm sure it is possible to translate these to Javascript and WebGL. But you'd be better off using regular 2D canvas instead.

[@JuanPablodelaTorre]

I loved how the automata behaved so similar to Conway's oscillators and spaceships.

[@capsey_]

This is incredible how these simple rules make so organic-looking shapes, if someone would say that this is a new video from microscope I would fall for that

[@arielgenesis]

It is the other way around. Organic shapes that arose in the natural world comes from these simple rules.

[@BrewalRenault]

It's quite related to the principle of emergence. You should take a look at this Kurzgesagt video if you haven't done yet : kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z2e6aJZmosdgqKc

[@aceman0000099]

It goes to show, life isn't as complex/mysterious as you may think

[@SolarShado]

@@aceman0000099 It kinda is, and kinda isn't. IMO this (sort of thing) is a great example of how complex structures can emerge from even simple rules, and why it's unreasonable to *not* imagine the even more complexity could emerge from more complex systems. If you can get all this from only 2-3 "particles" with a 1-2 "forces", scale it up to what we have in reality and... >gestures vaguely in every direction

[@stickguy9109]

@@BrewalRenault Ah, i see you are a man of culture as well

[@alexanderlinderson2655]

Suddenly these particle systems start questioning their existance and whether they're alone in the unityverse.

[@DrunkGeko]

And simulating other smaller scale particle systems

[@nathankamenchu1239]

@@DrunkGeko turtles all the way down

[@jakehix8132]

Some say, if you zoom in close enough on the particle system making particles, you can hear them taking Sebastian's name in vain.

[@taureon_]

when one of those creatures suddenly "died" after pulsing for so long it made me sad

[@unitysparticlesystem]

I have no idea what is happening...

[@anonymouscommentator]

Holy moly and the music gives exactly the right atmosphere back. You truly feel like you are gazing at something special.

[@terry2295]

totally agree

[@_Wombat]

funnily enough I wasn't feeling the music. I muted and put my own on for a change :) each to their own

[@lorenz.f]

It's incredible how lifelike those behaviours are. While this of course has much simpler starting conditions and rules then our world, it makes it much easier to imagine our universe just randomly formed from noise interacting with itself.

[@billowen3285]

My question is where the movement (life) came from?

[@kajetanradulski9267]

@@billowen3285 thermal energy

[@borisengler8892]

What if there are just few simple rules of our universe that make up other rules we observe as complexity rises? Just an idea.

[@antoninjacob2232]

@@borisengler8892 it's basically it. The universe was just pure energy at the "beginning" (even if it doesn't make sense to even conceptualize a beginning, which implies time that is relative). You couldn't have simpler conditions, and everything emerged from there. But the universe's laws are... Universal, all across itself, and very simple

[@billowen3285]

I don't know, understanding gravity makes my brain hurt

[@lonebeaver9535]

Me: Barely gets a finite state machine to decide between eating and fleeing from enemies Sebastian Lague: Creates the building blocks of life all on his GPU

[@YTRingoster]

i mean, if you ran a million of your FSMs on the GPU and gave them pretty neon colors, it'd still look pretty cool

[@connorconnor1631]

Username checks out

[@cheimy2347]

At 4:50 I see nice little happy particles traveling alone and than finding their friends and dancing together

[@taureon_]

and then one of them suddenly dies

[@cheimy2347]

@@taureon_ yes. He sacrifices himself or is eaten... Up to you

[@101m4n]

And only occasionally eating eachother

[@thomb.9013]

me too! i also thinks its nice for like a unstable essence if you take one that is like alone and still.

[@pinkajou656]

Me too! They also almost look like they have two hands holding each other’s.

[@Crozz22]

Almost getting the feeling that one of these simulation would suddenly become life

[@MinerBat]

actually, theoretically that would be possible if the simulation size and time are many, many, MANY times larger. but even the strongest supercomputers don't get close to that calculation power.

[@canaDavid1]

Hey

[@fizipcfx]

@@MinerBat yeah like, the famous game of life takes its name from that theory.

[@samuelthecamel]

Now I understand why people think we're living in a simulation

[@aceman0000099]

@@samuelthecamel why would it matter though, if the "simulation" is identical to nature?

[@PaprikaYT]

Its so goddamn mesmerizing. Honestly im glad you are here for us. You taught me to not always strive for a super awesome scalable system that never gets done but just write the goddamn code and then see if the performance is good enough. That made me a better Programmer. Thank you

[@nmbileg]

following this channel since 2017 and I'm telling you guys, this guy is a freaking GENIUS. I hope Sebastian become a leading entrepreneur in our software industry one day. - Proud Patreon.

[@jseneque]

I don’t care that my mobile is in 3% battery. I can’t stop watching it. It’s satisfying .

[@theepicgamer1196]

Big brain moment: watch the video AND charge your phone. Mind-blowing.

[@BrodieEaton]

That second simulation looks like I'm watching micro-organisms through a microscope, and that "Thanks for watching" slide is by far the coolest end to a video I've ever seen

[@tecumstudio]

I knew you were good from the time I subscribed to your channel. But you've reached a level where the code at your fingertips can even now turn into art. Not to mention, it must be admitted, that some of these behaviors automatically make you think about life at different times or places or even at different scales. You are truly impressive, breathtaking.

[@TebiByyte]

I'm a simple man. I see a new Sebastian Lague video, I watch. But seriously this is so cool. It's like watching microbes under a microscope.

[@MichaelJONeill333]

8:30 absolutely amazing. You have a gift in programming and understanding of the fundamentals of biology. Thank you so much for this.

[@okyeahbutwhythoe1804]

I’m calling it, in 4 years you’re gonna make a “I Simulated All Of Reality” video

[@AbdullaJaberAL-Khafaji]

If the right computational power exists this will be easier than you think , just put the universe simplest rules in a simulator and there you have it , a reality simulation

[@okyeahbutwhythoe1804]

@@AbdullaJaberAL-Khafaji arguably you’d need all the rules, if you use Newton’s equation for gravity sooner or later it would look completely different from what should have happened and if you don’t use quarks stuff would not weigh nearly as much as it should

[@bowiemtl]

@@AbdullaJaberAL-Khafaji I highly doubt that

[@pascha4527]

if you want to create a big simulation, you'll have to have the compute unit for one atom be less or as big as one atom.

[@JohnSmithXL]

@@okyeahbutwhythoe1804 yeah, but if you think about it you could code in only quarks, leptons, and bosons along with simple rules on how the interact with everything and it should work just fine with the only worry being the cpu and ram needed to support such a simulation, do know that I'm not an expert in this stuff so I'll admit that there might be a problem with my statement.

[@xxTshestoxx]

This is genuinely one of the most fascinating, astonishing and relaxing videos i have seen in a long time. Thank you for listening to your viewers suggesting this kind of video!

[@gareths]

It's amazing how you incorporate music that perfectly encapsulates what I feel when I watch any of the simulations you make

[@dottormaelstrom]

This looks like a video that's gonna end up in everyone's recommended 10 years from now

[@quearaeoquazhkn3728]

ye

[@adamprice4658]

What a great way to start my day. Sitting here with a cup of coffee, watching art unfold in front of me and listening to some well-chosen music.

[@TheBibitesDigitalLife]

Welcome to the world of artificial life 😁 Amazing video as always! I loved how you used shifting parameters mid-simulation to bring forth variation and shake things up

[@SebastianLague]

Thanks! :)

[@pinkajou656]

@@SebastianLague this video is amazing!

[@ooffoo5130]

you are the only youtuber who gets me genuinely excited when you post videos

[@YMandarin]

these movements look so natural. When you try to make natural looking movement, it rarely looks good, but this looks really good

[@petersmythe6462]

Part of it is that these sort of emulate nature.

[@orionsyndrome]

and the other part is there is no movement, only continuous change of finite elements

[@EctoMorpheus]

@@petersmythe6462 cellular automata really do not emulate nature, at least not on the scale of individual cells.

[@bronsoncarder2491]

What I would love to see is a combination of all of these ideas. Take your planets that you've generated with their beautiful atmospheres, use your erosion function to make them look super realistic, add your amazing clouds, populate the oceans with fish using boids, create an ecosystem of rabbits and wolves and ants. Literally combine everything you've ever done on the channel. It would take days to render a frame, but I wanna see it. lol

[@brotherbumkin3010]

I think we are almost waiting for it

[@constance8254]

WOW... just wow... At first I was disappointed not to hear you explain your code and the steps to get there because you usually explain in a very nice way (and your voice is very enjoyable haha) but I must say, I'm astonished. This is extremely wonderful, and the match with the music is just perfect. I didn't know a video of simulations could make me cry ! Thank you, and please never stop making videos, you're a genius !

[@JC-jz6rx]

Your latest video blew up. So I’m writing this here in the hopes that you see it. Your channel is exploding recently , and it’s no wonder with all the effort that I can tell goes into the videos. They are great fun to watch! And as a developer , seeing how others approach problems is a great help. Thank you for reading, and thank you for making them Sebastian!

[@PandemoniumGameDev]

This man started out by making games and now he's creating new life forms 😁 Amazing!

[@PauloHenrique-em2ly]

This is one of the most beautiful things i have ever seen. This is art!

[@zgolkar]

Outstanding how the music and art were matched at every moment to fit together. Admirable attention to detail!

[@GoTeamScotch]

This was wayyy more interesting than I was expecting

[@oiacopas]

Great video, as always. I stumbled upon cellular automata and reaction-diffusion algorithms, when i started getting interested on programming and, since then, I've been under their spell. I can't quite put my feelings into words, but I get emotional when seeing complexity arise from such a simple set of rules. It's almost like I'm looking directly to a fundamental concept of reality itself. Glad to see you exploring this world once again!

[@nikoskonstantinou3681]

This is AMAZING. I could watch these simulations all day! Next step is making a screensaver out of this 😅

[@mauritspuggaard4689]

You deserve so a lot more subscribers! I’m finding myself watching your videos multiple times. Great work as always!

[@themihanoid5020]

Videos like this make me think that life might actually not be that uncommon

[@KalleBlixtHagholm]

Absolutely stunning! And the editing and timing the music makes it amazingly good. I want this as a screen saver to run on my TV.

[@kelvindecosta5350]

This is really missing his voice but it's still a fantastic watch

[@Arrogan28]

I have written shaders for many years, film, games, etc, going back all the way to the 90's and i have to say, this is the most incredible procedural sims I have ever seen. Beautiful. Really stunning work.

[@TriDeapthBear]

I can tell you've lost yourself in creating these simulations, and rightfully so! They're all super incredible, especially considering the basic principles they're made from

[@AgsmaJustAgsma]

I stated in a Discord group that Sebastian is a quantum physics Unity tutor, and I'm glad that my statement holds true with each new video.

[@lexsec]

My favorite programmer has uploaded again! :D -kale

[@commodoreNZ]

Mesmerizing and beautifully edited. I'm happy this is in my head now. Thank you and more please :)

[@confusioned2249]

I swear this is the exact type of video youtube recommends you at 3 am

[@kevinocta9716]

This is awesome. While I am blown away by how alive these simulations look but, in a way, I shouldn't be surprised. These are the same (similar-ish) simple rules that cells work/live by too. It should actually be expected that you can get such organic-like complexity with simple rules because; just look at planet earth! All life is built on a foundation of simple rules interacting in an increasingly complex way. Our brains just have a hard time merging the simplicity and complexity of systems like these. Love it!

[@Kamzik123]

Sebastian: *makes simulation video* KZbin compression: *starts sweating profusely*

[@flymacseamus3474]

9:00 I love that even though this is 2-dimensional, it looks like this has depth... I don't just see a slime simulation here, this looks like the large-scale structures of the universe

[@SomethingExtra]

oh yeah baby cant wait to get uncontrollably connected with these behaviors that i try to do them myself but fail horribly

[@Gwilo]

BIRD MAN

[@TheSlowGrowth]

Oh, these should be available as screensavers! So beautiful!

[@KentHambrock]

The simulations are all so pretty, I want to use them in a game, but I have no idea what it would be about or how it would work. xD

[@viiizzaalishvili9967]

how is your comment 12 hours ago if it was uploaded now

[@capsey_]

@@viiizzaalishvili9967 i guess Patreon supporters have early access

[@midgetmackenzie]

What about giving the player control of slime parameters to solve problems like resource gathering or network building? In later levels there might be slimes that repel each other (9:57)

[@petersmythe6462]

An RTS based on the slime particles in an environment where resources are controlled by either reaction diffusion or multineighborehood automata. You can place down your own signal trails to guide the slime particles but beware, if an enemy detects your slime trails it will delete them and cause damage to any nearby slime particles of yours.

[@terry2295]

@@petersmythe6462 the idea sounds really fun ngl

[@pseudofred_]

Just some more ABSOLUTELY stunning visuals from Sebastian! Well worth the watch. Have been thinking of trying some of this out myself, looks like a deep rabbit hole of experimentation.

[@roquendroll]

Slime Mould Patterns: *organically turns into hexagons* Me: "The hexagon is the bestagon" - CGP Grey

[@mattiasselin4955]

I don't know if you realise this, but this is art. Put these simulations up continously running on screens in a gallery and people will LOVE it

[@Gwilo]

comments: from 12 hours ago video: from 20 minutes ago everyone: time travellers

[@epicfilms4life507]

everyone: patreon supporters

[@franzusgutlus54]

Ergo: patreon = time Machine Got it...

[@Gwilo]

@@epicfilms4life507 god damnit I'm getting my wallet

[@belmintuzlic219]

Man it's not just incredible coding skills you have... Your other interests in life, your understanding of the world around you... Every video another story, you are such an inspiration to many people. I wish you everything best!

[@MinEntropy]

Excited for a new video!

[@matheusmoreira9632]

That pleasure of seeing Sebastian Lague videos! Amazing as always!

[@kathenae]

"So, which one was your favorite?" me: YES

[@henrymarkson3758]

Slime, hands down

[@TheColorman]

These simulations look really cool. It's fascinating how such simple rules can create such complex systems.

[@filipsperl]

this really makes me think about life being an emergent property magnified by natural selection

[@o.s.2056]

Well... Yeah, cuz it is.

[@devsauce]

These are so cool 🔥

[@betterlifeexe4378]

Isn't it amazing that if you establish a few mathematical transformations and allow it to iterate you can end up with something so much like both life and our universe as a whole. I love the ideas behind cellular automata and the colors of infinity, very insightful.

[@likun54]

hey this looks so good....will you be making a tutorial on same ? A request. No pressure.

[@SebastianLague]

Hey, happy you like it! I want to make a tutorial on the slime simulation, but one issue is that the shader code I wrote doesn't seem to run on some machines. I'd ideally like to figure out what's going on there first so I don't teach something wrong.

[@inv41id]

@@SebastianLague oh yeah, some graphics card vendors don't perfectly follow specification in their OpenGL implementations so you need to be able to test on multiple machines to see that you don't accidentally end up writing vendor specific code. I've particularly had small issues with nVidia

[@HootyTooty]

Im not sure if it is beacause i am a computer science student, but this made a little tear roll down my cheek. A tear of joy and emotion. A truly beautiful work of art right there. Inspiring.

[@tsumurireallll]

2:07 zaaaankoooku... I can't be the only one

[@TitanLordofPizza]

Honestly I kinda just want to watch like a hour of this. It is relaxing to look at and has nice music.

[@briangallagher3619]

So for the price of about 2 coffees a month you're just going to provide all the source code for this and all previous projects? I feel like I'm cheating. It would be interesting to tweak these to be deterministic, like make the random number generator pseudo-random and use a seed for a specific sequence, and an overall seed that includes all the variables. Then if you come across a cool one you could just share the seed number.

[@Alzurana]

Check out the video he linked where he goes into more depth about slime molds and ants. He's explaining the random number generator. It's actually just a simple hash function and if you base it on pixel coordinates it becomes deterministic. You can also just store the parameters in a simple base64 string if you so fancy and get a seed that way. The only problem I see is the execution order of thread groups on the compute shaders. I worked with slime mold myself after seeing his video and the reason why results don't perfectly match up between runs is because you can't control when which pixel will be written to. If you use a single texture to represent the field you'll get randomness introduced through that. That's usually not a big issue but if you want to make that deterministic too all you need to do is use double buffering for the texture that represents the "world" so to speak.

[@SebastianLague]

Hey, the reaction-diffusion and cellular automata sims are already deterministic so I could definitely set something like that up if there's some interest in exploring and sharing results! As Alzurana said, the slime one is not deterministic currently, but should be fairly easy to make it so.

[@newton3010]

Very beautiful. All out of simple rules. I remember doing this as a young man. Id spend hours just making stuff like this on my 486.. Amazing how some of the interactions start to look really organic.

[@Logia_]

Don't do drugs kids!

[@jonathanlorenz-indiedev]

This channel went from coding experiment to just pure art. Thank you!

[@MattiaConti]

My girlfriend is kind of the opposite: complex rules for very simple daily task

[@fernandolener1106]

This is one of those videos that I will come back to watch over the years

[@notanengineer]

Never clicked so fast 😂

[@Stonium]

You actually took the time to sync the music with the video. Much appreciated - thank you!

[@alex-greeck]

I'm sure that when nature created this world, her first attempts somehow looked like this

[@PunmasterSTP]

I really have no words for how beautiful this is, and I'm very glad you made this video so that I could stumble across it today! On a side note, the part around 3:53 made me think of microtubules organizing inside of cells...

[@matthewvitullo2566]

You know it’s a good day when you see a new Sebastian Lague video

[@pixellegolas]

That slime simulation is probably the most beautiful thing I have ever seen. You could probably have an art installation and just show people cool code examples and explaining where you got the ideas from

[@ryanreed4698]

Honestly one of the most beautiful things I've seen, and something that carries a lot when it comes to the philosophy of life, and how impossible simple rules could orchestrate such mesmerizing outcomes.

[@tobihendrix1324]

Dude i were on your Channel literaly 10 Minutes before you uploaded this Video because i wanted to know if i missed something new. Glad that you noticed it and uploaded a new video :)

[@jivejunior8753]

I know this is oversaid, but your uploads brighten up my day like no other.

[@spencerstandish9095]

Don't want to lead down another rabbit hole but allot of these remind me of similar results created using video feedback. know there has been paper and research on the topic but have never seen those results replicated digitally. love your work

[@danielsantos3254]

Wow. This is amazing. I wonder what a 3D simulation of these rules would look like.

[@WispNL]

Just take a look outside 😉

[@danielsantos3254]

Haha, well... The emergent complexity of reality is a little too much to appreciate all at once. Compared to that, the beauty of a much simpler set of rules is a lot easier to digest.

[@jacobyoung6876]

These simulations were amazing and beautiful. Definitely like some mind blowing biology documentary on PBS. Seems like with just a few more rules, cells would start evolving into supercomplex structures

[@eggpoison5182]

Your videos are so high quality! Great work!

[@rgkm9356]

Glad to see the development of cellular-level simulation on your planet explorer is coming well!

[@anomalina7860]

I love this kinda stuff. Amazing, Sebastian. I have always thought people who disbelieve abiogenesis... who don't believe complex life can arise on its own from inert chemistry... have simply not done enough programming. Ooh, I just noticed the Patreon: Yes, sir, you got it!

[@Spar3Tim3r]

I get so excited when I see that you've posted. FEED MY BRAIN

[@ravrath92]

Man, I am trying right now to implement a Kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm for a complex system of many chemical reaction and your video shows up ahaha I am always so glad to be entertained by your work, amazing and inspiring as usual. It's so fascinating that morphogenesis produce its complicated patterns the way you have shown.

[@Saiyana]

There's this really cool real life reaction, I forgot the name of it but it actually looks like 2:13 , maybe i think nile red did something on it

[@ModernTimesYT]

Hi Sebastian. Please continue your series "How do computers Work". I have learned so much from the first two videos. Thank you

[@internetexplorer8854]

Yes I agree with you

[@JrIcify]

This is one of those channels that somehow always has another top percentage of amazingness video that I never saw despite being subbed.

[@Tondadrd]

Really great! I also like how the visuals and audio are linked. As if one without the other wouldn't make the complete picture. Reminds me of MelodySheep.

[@JohnPaquette]

You are clearly changing some simulation parameters at opportune points in the music, to very effective, um, effect. Nice job.

[@alexu.9294]

Man, i love your vids. Every single time a new video shows up on your channel I'm getting exited... just to get my mind blown.

[@diegolondrina7510]

Inspiring as always Sebastian. Amazing.

[@kseniia7494]

The best video I've ever seen!❤️ Perfect music, Perfect dimulation. Incredibly accurately it conveys all the beauty❤️

[@nielsbishere]

Always interesting to see what topics you cover next

[@zaidlacksalastname4905]

The usage of incredibly intense music makes these videos way better.

[@fileasphogg8320]

your work deserves more attention

[@talonstride]

It is fascinating that these organic looking organisms emerge from these really simple rules that you implemented in the last episode.