Corresponding Cognates

[@jakewhittaker2512]

Dropping Germanic cognate knowledge on us with a goblet of milk at the ready. What a guy!

[@oneukum]

And he found a collection of extremely archaic German words.

[@schmozzer]

Ewe's milk to be sure.

[@trappistpreserves]

@@schmozzer Venezuelan beaver milk, I'll warrant.

[@MichaelWMoses]

@@trappistpreservesI would think more like Moloko Plus! He seems to be a bad boy scholar. What a great combination! Just love his onscreen presence!

[@trappistpreserves]

@@MichaelWMoses Superb presence. I have no idea what Moloko Plus is. Please don't tell me.

[@Krosdem]

stay hydrated king 👑🥛

[@user-ek1eb1hn3u]

yesss haha you posted this 37 minnutes ago omg

[@TomQuiNEstPasLa]

He came to drink milk and correspond cognates, and he's all out of cognates.

[@shadowmoon1657]

And suddely he takes a huge sip and curses!

[@attackdog6824]

Cum chalice

[@jakubpociecha8819]

@@TomQuiNEstPasLa Sim Ropem

[@hydnars]

After living in Sweden for two years and taking in a vast amount of Swedish vocabulary, I am learning more about my native English as well. There seems to be a direct cognate to a Swedish verb in English about 70 percent of the time, and in many cases that cognate is lesser known/used in English. At times I have learned a new verb or noun in English that seems a bit more "archaic" in comparison to the quotidian Swedish counterpart e.g. Swedish "löpa" to English ""lope (to run)", Swedish "döma" to English "doom/doomsday (to judge, as in judgement day)"

[@christianstainazfischer]

@Crispy Cream and lopen in Dutch

[@Fenditokesdialect]

The more direct cognates are leap and deem

[@WGGplant]

I believe "doom" is also related to "deem" which is still used in modern english.

[@Jljujubeats]

You can kind of derive that "one" was a homophone with "own" in the world "only", which (as far as I know) is a synonym of solitary, one-like; coming from "one".

[@aislingoda6026]

and let's not forget that alone is all one

[@stephenhagen7698]

@@aislingoda6026 Yes, and in German it is Allein ( All-One). And real quick "two" in english sounds more like the french two "deux" than the german "Zwei" but in Southern Germany they say "Zwo" which is very similar to two in spelling and if you pronounce the w they are almost the same! :)

[@tideghost]

@@stephenhagen7698 but remember how ei becomes o sound in English, so zwei and two being cognates is consistent with the shift.

[@Fenditokesdialect]

"One" is a loanword from a Midlands dialect like Derbyshire, West Yorkshire or Lancashire In West Yorkshire dialect there's a process where w can be added to words beginning with back vowels, if the vowel's long it often gets shortened. So the cognate of one /ɔʊn/ is ooan /uən/ One: Ooan-wooan-won Home: 'ooam-wooam-wom Oat: ooat-wooat-wot (the origin of wot in Cumbrian dialect)

[@FreeScience]

@@stephenhagen7698 In Swedish it's "allena", "en" meaning one.

[@Baccatube79]

The interesting part about this is that, once you have grasped how the respective other language works, you can postulate words or word forms that must exist but you are yet to encounter. So once I realized that "to melt" and "schmelzen" are cognates, I immediately knew a) that there must be a past participle "molten" somewhere around albeit outdated or restricted in meaning and b) in an analogy, there had to be a past participle "holpen" from "to help". And, what you say, both words exist! Also, I was able to fill up systematic gaps with my understanding of German local adverbials and some English words I already knew. So, when there is "here, there, where" and there are also words such as "hence", "whence" and "hither", it was easy to postulate "thence, whither and thither". So fascinating!

[@Bjowolf2]

Danish: hjælp(e) [ yel-pe, now!.], hjalp, hjulpet (!) ( the OE versions are similar ) smelt(e), but regularised now to smeltede, smeltet her [he(i}r], der & hvor [vor] hid [hi'th !] & did [di'th]

[@marcovtjev]

Smelt also exist in English, for (s)melting metals: You operate a metal/ore smelter not a metal melter.

[@helenaren]

8:05 my virgin ears shall never recover from hearing Simon say "f*ck"

[@FirefoxisredExplorerisblueGoog]

This is pretty much how I started learning English on my own as wee Dutch lad. Noticing similarities and deducing (slightly) changed meanings from context. Having most American and English media subbed over here helped a lot :)

[@marcovtjev]

Starting French at the same time helped a lot with the Latin part of the vocabulary. But I never understood how small the gap is till the later English literature classes. Shakespearean vocabulary and pronunciation is closer than modern English.

[@viinisaari]

(zu)Rück also means 'back', as in 'come back', 'backwards' (rückwärts) etc. I find it interesting because my language (Finnish) uses two separate words for those two concepts.

[@vittoriahawksworth8117]

In English there are rucksacks and backpacks 🎒 ... I use rucksack for a large one for camping/trekking and backpack for a small, everyday “city” one - but I don’t know if that’s right...

[@Yassinius]

Dutch also has a the word 'terug'. 'rug' means 'back' as in the part of your body. I never made this link actually as a native Dutch speaker lol

[@denniswilkerson5536]

@@Yassinius We can all learn something from our languages it seems from studying our neighbors languages which is awesome!

[@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc]

I could not agree more! That is the beauty of using historical linguistics to language learning. By looking at cognates one revisits stories that create references. I wish language teachers did this more. This applies across the Indo European languages, even if you are learning a Romance, Slavic or Iranian language--at every point this has proven invaluable to me. Thank you for pushing this approach in this great video!

[@XyzXyz-ir2gr]

Its only efficiently applicable For languages in same branch coz in indo european family different branches have a lots of differences

[@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc]

@@XyzXyz-ir2gr of course it loses traction in different branches

[@XyzXyz-ir2gr]

@@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc either way they have big striking differences too hence this is not equally valid for all branches no matter how much traction u provide they are very divergent.

[@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc]

@@XyzXyz-ir2gr Dude, it's worked for me, ok? Maybe not for you, that's your problem. So just drop it, bro. laters.

[@XyzXyz-ir2gr]

what ? It's not what worked for u or not they are very divergent thats just a fact regardless what u believe we know different rules apply for different branches

[@AlexanderSilver1996]

Hence Wainwright - Wagon Maker

[@iankr]

And hay-wain (not sure if that should be hyphenated).

[@davidwright7193]

Ian Ripsher haywain is one word

[@brittakriep2938]

Wagon maker in Southwest germany : Wagner

[@brittakriep2938]

@@davidwright7193 : Hay- Heu, straw- Stroh.

[@demonitized6208]

He has beautiful eyes

[@turnerthemanc]

His i's are rather beautiful, like his o's and u's...his e's...not so beautiful

[@dinoman6123]

@@turnerthemanc your a dad joke god.

[@turnerthemanc]

@@dinoman6123 It hasnt gone unnoticed, and they can all be recycled as Grandad jokes now

[@thehotyounggrandpas8207]

Please repeat that in Old English.

[@demonitized6208]

P V i learnt nothing but. I learn one thing, his eyes are beautiful

[@Fenditokesdialect]

"One" is a loanword from a Midlands dialect like Derbyshire, West Yorkshire or Lancashire In West Yorkshire dialect there's a process where w can be added to words beginning with back vowels, if the vowel's long it often gets shortened. So the cognate of one /ɔʊn/ is ooan /uən/ One: Ooan-wooan-won Home: 'ooam-wooam-wom Oat: ooat-wooat-wot (the origin of wot in Cumbrian dialect)

[@MathHoonFBfromFAS]

I started to find these similarities out of modern indo-european languages while learning Deutsch. I show your content to some of my friends which are english speakers. They find it very interesting and something that they never heard about before! P.S.: 5:15 turn it up 😃

[@meinouw]

I find this fascinating! I just came a cross one of your video's and now i'm watching one after the other. Thank you!

[@almor2445]

I love your videos and would love to hear more old English conversation

[@BatoumGardens]

I'd be listening to you for hours! I'm discovering the wonders of ancient languages, thank you so much!

[@zeddeka]

The cognate where meaning has changed that I always remember is Dach (roof) in German which corresponds to thatch in English

[@ghenulo]

Yeah, ultimately from PIE *teg- (see also Latin tectum (roof)).

[@mytube001]

@@ghenulo "Tak" (sounds like "talk" in English) in Norwegian and Swedish. Can mean both roof and ceiling.

[@josearqco]

Deck!!; in dutch is dak

[@rafikbouaouni5499]

In arabic sakf.

[@Mr.Nichan]

@@josearqco "Deck" was apparently borrowed from Dutch into Middle English. ("Thatch" is the English descendant.) The proto-Germanic verb */ˈθɑk.jɑ.nɑ̃/ is believed to have meant "TO COVER".

[@luiki3179]

Thank you so much, I'm appreciating more and more this subject seeing your video, zum größten Teil, um deutsche Sprache am besten zu lernen

[@lymee]

I actually began to notice stuff like this when I was doing French at school a few years back. For example I noticed that the French sound hui was often cognate with English oi/oy e.g. l’huile = the oil and les huîtres = the oysters. Also noticed that a circumflex often indicated that in the English equivalent there would be an s afterwards e.g. Les huîtres = the oysters and côte = Coast.

[@tmrobertson]

The "oi/oy" sound didn't exist in English until it was imported with the Norman invasion, so you've found an important connection with a different mechanism, so to speak

[@srikrishnarao1094]

The circumflex in french was added because of the fact that there used to be an s in french as well but has since been dropped. The words probably entered english when french still pronouced the s.

[@misseli1]

This is off topic, but I like the locations he chooses to film his videos

[@peterpozman6972]

Yes, up by the window in his modern housing estate semi-detached window. Something a bit fantasy about that. Like there's an IKEA wardrobe in the out-of-shot corner of the bedroom which is a portal to Dark Ages England except it's his musings on Anglo-Saxon cognates which is the actual portal to the past.

[@martinstubs6203]

You will find a lot of English/German cognates when pairing the english "gh" to the German "ch": through - durch, light - Licht, night - Nacht, etc.

[@Baccatube79]

Regarding "through", I'd be keen to know on which side the metathese happen. Was it once *druch in German or *thourgh in English?

[@tideghost]

Knight (OE kniht, pronounced with k) - knecht

[@mmmmmmmmmmmmm]

@@Baccatube79 I mean, both are pronounced the same way (/x/ or /ç/), just a different spelling

[@gothlanger5902]

Pretty interesting and also helpful tip for learning a related language.

[@walterschule2941]

One comment about German and English: People usually compare standard-German ("Hochdeutsch") with English, while standard-German is a relative young koiné-language, developped in 16th century. The German variety which is the closest relative to English is Lower German, which was developped into a written language even in the middle ages and became a lingua franca within the German Hanse (in Lower German "düdesche Hanse"; in latin "hansa teutonica") or Hanseatic League which maintained important trading posts on English soil (Stalhof in London, Lynn, Boston). That means that looking for German influence on the English language and otherwise should not only focus on modern standard-German and proto-Germanic ancestry but much more to Lower German whose medieval speakers had a large interaction with England (and of course, Lower German became the language of old Saxons remaining in Northern Germany). By the way, my personal impression as speaker of a Southern German dialect (Swabian) is, that Lower German, and even it's recent "successors" like Mennonite-Platt are close to Old English or maybe even closer, than modern English is. So, when we're going to guess the German impact on English (or the old- and middle-English impact on German) we should not make the mistake to look only on modern standard-German. Very interesting in this case is the Mennonite's Plautdietsch, which is a special form due to religious motivated segregation which seems to have preserved old Lower German characteristics which changed or disappeared in their places of origin in Germany and the Netherlands.

[@herrfister1477]

I enjoyed watching this tremendously. Thanks!

[@gpll8135]

This guy just randomly comes out with a swearword when the whole video before hand is clean and safe

[@Mr.Nichan]

I notice that all the "ei" - "o" correspondence examples were before nasals, and "a" > "o" when nasalized is a likely change (similar to French).

[@leod-sigefast]

That shifting cognate thing really got me when I learnt that German klein (small) is akin to English clean! I can see there is a vestige of similarity (small > tidy > neat > clean, or the other way round - I'd like to know which was the proto-Germanic meaning closer to?) but it shows how word meaning can diverge, slowly but surely.

[@diandradeeke]

germanic people in southern germany were bilingual when the roman empire was still around. Many meanings of words have shifted from their original meaning to a meaning that was more similar to latin but still had something that corresponded to their original meaning. This is just the way how languages mix up due to language contact. in terms of "klein clean" i think the best explanation is to make a heap of hay or dirt smaller. Due to latin influences "de-cline" german "klein" became a new connotation until the old meaning was forgotten.

[@tipr8739]

In Spanish there is a word “nitido” that is pronunced like neat-ee-dœ . It means clean / buttoned up / tidy. But the common word is limpio and that means more like washed, sanitized or spotless.

[@iamcleaver6854]

That method does wonders for me as a Russian speaker when I watch Ukrainian talk shows. The first couple of days I had to listen carefully to what is being said, but once you learn a dosen or so common different words you can infer the rest automatically out of context. It also helps that grammar is vertically identical.

[@toosiyabrandt8676]

HI Virtually!

[@EdMcF1]

'Wain' 'The Haywain', a famous painting of a hay wagon.

[@frankhooper7871]

And, of course, the surname Wainwright - waggon-maker.

[@Bjowolf2]

OE wægn (!!!) Strong Masculine Noun carriage wain wagon chariot cart vehicle www.oldenglishtranslator.co.uk D vogn S vagn G Wagen

[@TheStarBlack]

I wonder why we stop using the word wain.

[@Bjowolf2]

@@TheStarBlack So start using it again - just use it casually in conversations and study the astonished reactions of the "poor" listeners 😅

[@Collins-Elliott]

@@Bjowolf2 I've started as well now Laddy, Cheers

[@Baccatube79]

The shift from [oun] to [won] is a metathesis - happens quite a lot.

[@EchoHeo]

nah, when it was happening it was a monophthongial [ɔːn] or [oːn] so no

[@EchoHeo]

its prolly vowel breaking, not metathesis

[@S404_44]

Have you ever looked at Low German? I want to try learn the dialect that used to be spoken in my area (Westphalian Low German), but since I also know some Dutch, it's really hard to learn to produce it, without just burbling in a weird German-Dutch mix

[@dr.arikgreenberg25]

Another brilliant video. And speaking of Scots, I hope you enjoyed yer melk. As for the pronunciation of stone, I've noticed in some dialects (possibly Scots, Irish, and a few English dialects, something more like /stoeyn/, much like /doeynt/ as in the famous line in the voice-over from Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall": "How can ya have any pudding if ya /doeynt/ eat yer meat??!!"

[@robertquerner5820]

You might find the study of Dutch very interesting to get even more clarity on how these cognates work. It often seems that Dutch is a mid-way cognate transition between English and German.

[@Kargoneth]

Interesting transformation.

[@smadaf]

Is it just me, or do Cornish people also say "fesh" for "fish", a bit?

[@pm71241]

An excellent example of cognates which have shifted meaning is the English word "sky" and the same Danish word "sky" (cloud)

[@liviloo87]

Your channel is fascinating.

[@Amethystchain]

I KNEW IT! I was trying to recreate an authentic accent to read Bubble Bubble Toil and Trouble for a Halloween party and I couldn't make stone rhyme with one. "Toad that under cold Stone; days and nights has thirty one" just doesn't sound right in my Canadian accent.

[@Smitology]

It rhymes if you read it in a pre-GVS accent: /Tɔd θat ʊndər kɔld stɔnə dɛis and nixts has ˈθirti ɔnə/ or a more shakespearean accent: /Tod θat ʊndər kold ston dɛs and nəɪts has thɪrti on/

[@spamwisegamgee8796]

You deserve way more subs.

[@user-uq3iw2nf6x]

7:30 Nope! no I've not already worked that out haha If you'd have given me a hundred years maybe

[@florianschmidt6741]

One hint (so as not to say "one sign") that "sign" and "token" are cognate is that the expression "as a token of..." has the direct German equivalent "als Zeichen seiner/ihrer...", so "as a token of his gratitude" is "als Zeichen seiner Dankbarkeit" in German.

[@Matty002]

YASSSS WERK drinking milk in stemware is the best way to do it. just missing some ice

[@liquidcancer4573]

Could you please talk about doublets? I have always found those fascinating. By the way, I've been bingeing your videos for an hour, now.

[@not-a-theist8251]

I had no idea that girdle was an English word. Nice to know

[@peterpozman6972]

The German word for "newspaper" is "Zeitung" applying the consonant shifting rules this becomes "teidung"... "tiding"... "tidings"... of great joy etc. Hence the saying "Time and Tide wait for no man" I would suggest is tautologous!

[@MotorStorm66]

Would you be able to do a video on the links between European and Indian subcontinent languages? Thanks in advance

[@Smitology]

It's mainly the North Indian languages which are related. The South Indian and many of the North East Indian languages are not related. The reason is because the North Indian languages are believed to have been descended from Prakrit analogous to how the Romance languages descended from Vulgar Latin) which was a set of informal dialects over North India which were a "corruption" of Sanskrit, the language used by the religious and upper-caste (think of it as analogous to Classical Latin). While many of the languages have had their own consonant and vowel shifts since then, Sanskrit is very closely related to other classical languages like Latin and Greek, and you can see many similarities. For example, the numbers and family members are very obvious cognates for the most part. (Note: each language has been written as best as possible using 26 letters, eg thorn became "th". Also "one" being the most versatile of the numbers (can be used as an article as well as a number) is not a cognate in all these languages.) English: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten mother father brother sister son daughter Old English: an twegen thridda feower fif siex seofon eahta nigon tien modor faeder brothor sweostor sunu dohtor Latin: unus duo tres quattor quinque sex septem octo novem decem mater pater frater soror -- -- Ancient Greek: heis duo tris tessares pente hex hepta okto ennea deka meter pater phrater eor huios thugater Sanskrit: eka dva tri catur pancan sas sapta asta nava dasa matr pitr bhratr svasr sunu duhitr

[@tmarshmellowman]

Jeg elsker deg og KZbin-kanalen din

[@shudheshvelusamy7644]

From the examples he gives, it seems that the German 'ü' shifts to the 'i' sound in English. Brücke -- Bridge. Gürdel -- Girdle.

[@aislingoda6026]

In some cases, and this is because we used to have umlauts in Old English. As we lost the umlaut, the /y/ sound became an /i/ sound. Although this example has gone through further sound change, the Old English and Old Norse mus changed to mouse in English and Maus in German (with comparatively the same pronunciation). The plural of mus simply gained an e (which has stuck around in German), thus mus > muse in Old English. Due to i-mutation, muse became myse, and as we lost umlaut, we ended up with mice. In German on the other hand, the diphthong au still carries the umlaut caused by this i-mutation, and thus the plural is Mäuse.

[@Baccatube79]

@@aislingoda6026 you still have them: foot - feet, fox - vixen

[@aislingoda6026]

@@Baccatube79 except that it's not really 'umlaut' in English anymore, given it follows no pattern and bears no relation to the original vowel

[@Baccatube79]

@@aislingoda6026 yes and no... it appears, if it does, from o to e or from ou to i. And the resemblance in writing might have vanished, but in sound, it is still graspable (is that a word?) first came the regular umlaut and then the "Entrundung" (I have no idea what that's in English...)

[@HotelPapa100]

And I'd wish native English learners (or even just occasional users) of German would be given that hint. If you don't know the precise sound of an umlauted vowel, replace ü with ih, ä and ö with eh. It is way closer to the original pronunciation than the commonly heard. 'oo', 'ah', 'oh'.

[@murattanyel1029]

When I was learning German, I was confused by who and where. Wo is where and wer is who, whereas I would expect wo to be who and wer to be where. Any thoughts on that?

[@simonroper9218]

A lot of people notice the same thing - although it may seem as though they've swapped around in one or other language, German 'wo' is actually cognate with English 'where', and German 'wer' is actually cognate with English 'who' :)

[@isaacolivecrona6114]

The word for fish in Swedish is ‘fisk’. And the word for church is ‘kyrka’. But in Gothenburg there’s a famous fish market known as _feskekörka,_ meaning the fish church. In other words, ‘fisk’ became ’fesk’ and ’kyrka’ became ‘körka’.

[@Pinkerton000]

Sometimes, I can't tell whether you are a brilliant comedian as well as a linguist, or if you are just an adorable doofus as well as a linguist. (no offense, fellow doofus here, if that is the case) Either way, I love watching your videos so much.

[@jehaert]

Damn! I never thought about the connection between Bein and bone! But is makes sense. "Bein" in modern German obv. just means "leg", but in obsolete term vor "Knochen" (bones) is "Gebein".

[@jehaert]

have to agree with the other's though, the correct word would haven been "Rücken". And Schnegel and Zagel is regional dialect rather than standard german, albeit also a scientific term for a slug sub-species. your pronunciation is suprisingly on point, though!

[@provocase]

'Been' in Dutch means both leg and bone. Gebeente = bones. But we also use 'bot' for bone ('botten' = plural)... and 'knoken' is an archaic Dutch word for bones.

[@starly7734]

Really intresting video, whould you be able to do one one false friends (words that seem like cognates but aren't)?

[@simonroper9218]

Thank you :) I'll try to put one together soon - it's not something I've ever looked into that closely

[@dale3404]

False cognates.

[@wlupusborealis]

Cognate _Zagel_ means 'tail' in Middle High German, but has disappeared in modern German except for some dialects still using Zāl and as preserved in standard German _Rübezahl_ ( 'beet/turnip-tail' ), a mythic creature inhabiting the Riesengebirge. Middle High German _Zagel_ meant just as often 'penis.' _Schwanz_ ('tail') gradually takes over in printed German from the Early Modern on. _Schwanz_ is formed from an early German verb meaning 'careen, sway, swagger' [cause to swing] and is related to words in English like _swing_ and _swank_ .

[@nenadstefanovic779]

I am Serbian native, thus slavic language native and what I can add to this is that slavic also has similar changes and fiew more. stein is slavic word stiena, sciena, stina, depending on what sound Old slavic yat (ei diphtong) has tourned into. Also why is one read with w in front this exists in ukrainian where if a word starts with vowl it has w infront, on in other slavic languages but won in ukrainian. English Arm and slavic ruka (hand=small part of arm) and rame-na (sholder) come from sound changes that are present in slavic languages. ar/ra er/rie and al/la el/lie shifts...so lets start from arm. Ar tourns to ra so we get ram and by ading ka for deminutive we get ramka but if m or n are in the end of a sylable they get nasal and nasal am or an tourn into u in most slavic languages except polish where they stay nasal or macedonian that has a, bulgarian that has schwa sound or slovenian with o so from arm to ruka in fiew easy steps, berg/burg to breg/brzeg, milk to mlieko, inter to jetra or we,troba (insides, guts).

[@zooblestyx]

English has "become", German has "bekommen", and Swedish has "bekomma". Meaning, in order, become, receive and affect. Similarities between languages can be a bit double-edged at times.

[@loecher8479]

The homograph "Gift" (poison in German) is my favourite English-German cognate!

[@nesmendel]

As in... "Mitgift" = "dowry"? Where the word "Gift" has approximately the same meaning as in English.

[@alexbowman7582]

Billy Connolly is known as the Big Yin. Yin a cognate of the Nordic en with the e sounding like an i almost like in and also a cognate of the German ein.

[@faithlesshound5621]

In demotic Scots you may also hear "yince" for "once."

[@clodovicusdegothia2655]

In the set phrase "token of gratitude" the word still retains its archaic meaning.

[@1258-Eckhart]

3:50 + you instance "stone" as a case of vowel development, but the two examples are in fact two separate dialects, the first with a pure-vowel "o" from Anglish (early Danish) dialects (Northern England), the second being the renowned Saxon compound diphthong "o" which still exists in both modern German and Southern English. There is no "development", they always were differently pronounced.

[@littlesnowflakepunk855]

"fuck, now there's milk on my hand" made me laugh more than it probably should have. it just undercut the very intellectual and formal presentation of the entire rest of the video perfectly

[@ELHAUKEZ]

Rück must be Rücken if its meant to be your back and Zagel for a Tail ive never heard of and Snail is Schnecke not Schnegel. Correct me if thats from some old form of german I dont really know about.

[@Baccatube79]

Mach mal Grimms Wörterbuch auf... woerterbuchnetz.de/cgi-bin/WBNetz/wbgui_py?sigle=DWB&mode=Vernetzung&lemid=GZ00082#XGZ00082

[@marcrubin8844]

Oh..I see. Now I understand way a Spanish literature purest pronounces Quixote as Keeshotay...because in the 15th centuriy the X had an Shhhh sound..thx mate.

[@d4n4nable]

What I find fascinating is that so many vowels from my local dialect (a Bavarian sub-dialect), correspond more to the (Old-)English vowels than they do to the High German ones. "Stone" is "Stan," not "Stein" here (with a starting "sh" sound, though). "One" is "A," rather than "Ein." There are many more of those cases, besides this particular vowel-group. I expect that must be a coincidence, since Bavarian German is geographically the farthest away from the ancestor language of Old English, out of all the other German(ic) dialects.

[@diandradeeke]

do not forget the language of the franks. And the frankish language had a huge impact on english language

[@geraldwagner8739]

Another cognate where the meaning is different today: Knight - Knecht But a Knight is a Ritter in modern German and a Knecht is a Servant in modern English.

[@Bjowolf2]

Danish knægt = young lad, orig. a squire ridder = knight (litt. a rider ) rytter = rider / horseman

[@peggyeaston1575]

How about knabe and knave?

[@David-ru8xf]

@@peggyeaston1575 : Knave and Knabe are cognate yet

[@erminization]

Knez is south slavic

[@diandradeeke]

i guess english knight is somehow related to an older version of Landsknecht(in some dialects the "k" is also silent..), meaning something like "the servant of the land/kingdom". Also take a look at other languages which had a similar working system (Samurai means both servant and knight as far as i remember)

[@Snow-pg9zl]

thanks for the video :)

[@Snow-pg9zl]

I think netherlandish has more likeness with english there wasnt kinda too much shifts compared to high deutsch the only thing that I wot there might be shifts between -th became -d like whenever you see -th in english so theres - d in netherlandish and vowel shift also

[@simonroper9218]

I think you're right - phonologically, Hochdeutsch has a lot more obvious points of progression than English or Nederlands (wij zeggen 'Dutch' voor 'Nederlands'). Technically, Dutch and German and equally distant from English, in their own category - but in reality, Dutch has just changed less, and so is more easy to learn and understand for an English person, and possibly vice versa.

[@Snow-pg9zl]

besides i think the old english cannot be revived until it becomes spoken like as you could earlier notice it sounds really retarded , poetic and dramatic like you have mentioned that before anglo-saxons couldnt say the word " freosan" and other words like this one just like f-r-e-o-z-a-n the language needs to be spoken that means have a spoken and written language and their standardization but then again we have 2 if not 3 periods of old enlish and so forth

[@sarah8383]

Or even better: Low Saxon. "Or eaven beater: Laegsassisk" if I translate by cognate. ^ . ^

[@danlevay5657]

Lone, which fits the pronunciation algorithm comes from all ana in old English. Does the article an also come from the old English an?

[@willarddevoe5893]

Grab a plane ticket. You're a real english teacher.

[@jerradgindle]

I really want to know about that bundle of wood.. I'm so curious as to what it's for!

[@JoJoModding]

As a German I have never heard the word "Schnegel". A German would say "Schnecke". An interesting one is "genug"-"enough". The initial g disappeared but the one at the end is still there in writing.

[@simonroper9218]

It's a dialectal term rarely heard in standard German! I probably should have noted this on the slide :)

[@lnkvt]

And "genoeg" in Dutch (which Simon mentions in another video with perfect pronunciation) For the Schnegel, I think an easier recognizable set of cognates are Segel/sail

[@bacicinvatteneaca]

I'm guessing one became pronounced the way it is because of the fact that it's a single syllable, starting with its vowel, and on a very important word. That probably turned the long o into an overlong one to give the word the emphasis it needed, and then the overlong o turned into a glide from rounded to unrounded until there was a w at the start

[@rodpowder]

is that a peterborough canoe museum box under that glass of milk(?) ?

[@pierreabbat6157]

Once I saw a sign saying to contact Yuriy Vaynshteyn about some real estate. I figured the last name is Yiddish, not German, because in German Wein and Stein rhyme, whereas in English, they don't. The vowels are different in Proto-Germanic (*wīną vs. *stainaz) and the vowels merged in German but not Yiddish or English.

[@thephilosopherofculture4559]

You will find that Dutch is even closer to English than German. Old Dutch and Old English are almost indistinguishable.

[@thehypest6118]

Frisian x Saxon/Angle

[@wlupusborealis]

This is true. It is complicated by the fact that some of modern Dutch descends from an early North Sea Germanic language (one very close to Old Saxon, Old Frisian and Old English), but the _rest_ of Dutch stems from Old Low Franconian (a northwest variety of low-country German) and was later influenced by North German ('Low German') vocabulary via the commercial ports of what is today northern Germany.

[@thephilosopherofculture4559]

@@wlupusborealis Oh, thanks. Makes sense.

[@wlupusborealis]

@@thephilosopherofculture4559 I should give examples, because 'North Sea Germanic' isn't incomprehensible next to the earliest Old Low Franconian and 'Istvæonic' (Rhine-Germanic). So my point is slightly weak, in that all these early peoples with their varying dialects would have had no difficulty understanding each other while sticking to their own languages, so long as they could get familiar through practise. But 'Ingvæonic' (North Sea Germanic) does have some neat and weird features -- things like nasal loss and compensatory lengthening (fīf, mūþ and tōþ, 'five,' 'mouth' and 'tooth,' instead of *munþ, *fimf and *tanþs). This is why Frisian and English have a word for 'goose' without an *n * (German _Gans_ ). North Sea languages use a word like _laisi_ ('less') instead of _minni_. But what stands out mainly is a stock of what looks like older vocabulary (showing less Mediterranean and Christian influence), words relating to sea, naval, island and marshland technology. Gothic may be more archaic, in some of its grammar, but it's unclear that Italian Ostrogoths kept as much root-stock vocabulary as did the Continental Saxons and Frisians. There was a debate a decade ago about how closely Primitive North Germanic tied in to North Sea Germanic, but things look a lot like concentric circles of overlap from dialect to dialect, versus anything one can group via an entire branch. Features diverge or show commonality, depending on what one is looking at. I often wonder how much vocabulary shift the Bavarians and southeastern Goths experienced in their new environments in comparison to, say, people living on Heligoland.

[@wlupusborealis]

@@thephilosopherofculture4559 Do you speak Dutch? I read and understand quite a bit of it, and would like to learn one day. It is, along with Faroese, the last major Germanic language I haven't worked with.

[@Smitology]

So is German nein cognate with English none?

[@Pilum1000]

i often search an etymology of English words and Russian words (my native) for comprehension of connotations, and for remembering :)

[@Bjowolf2]

Is "videoy" an official word in English? 😅 If not, it definitely should be!

[@arcanics1971]

Now Mr Roper has said it, it will become one.

[@helenaren]

I prefer videotic

[@marcovtjev]

There is an old joke/urban myth (almost certain not true, probably something originating from a standup comedian) about meanings changing, about a Dutch prime minister (usually Ruud Lubbers) telling the American president (usually Ronald Reagan) he was a horse breeder like this "I fo(c)k horses". Dutch fokken means to breed/raise (animals), which is involves the same action as the English or German cognate, but the subjects that participate in the activity differ depending on the language. Even when applied to humans, in Dutch it is strongly related to the actual procreation (like a slang way you are trying to conceive)

[@michaelflores9220]

So fun to learn more and more about htis! Do more on Proto-Indo-European as well if you know how!

[@toosiyabrandt8676]

HI Is Schnegel an old German form of Schnecke? Because I don't remember ever using that word for snail when growing up in Berlin. And Schwanz is Tail, and Wagen can be the english cognate, Waggon. Shalom to us only in Christ Yeshua.

[@trafo60]

I'm German and I have never heard the words Schnegel and Zagel in my entire life

[@maxx1014]

Haha ja und Rücken einfach Rück...😂

[@plerpplerp5599]

Naja...😏 SchnIEgel? Oder Tagel?

[@EugeneAyindolmah]

Isn't snail "Schnecke" in German

[@thorr18BEM]

It's regional.

[@rtlgrmpf]

yeah, me too... But "Zagel" and "Schnegel" are actually a thing: www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Zagel de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnegel

[@simonkay6533]

Do keep in mind that Fisch is sometimes pronounced as Fösch in northern Germany 😁

[@WilliamFord972]

“The meaning normally doesn’t stray to far.” *English:* Embarrassed = a feeling of awkwardness *Español:* Embarazada = pregnant

[@anabellacm2803]

Español: una situación embarazosa (embarazoso = discomfort, shame) English: an embarrasing situation

[@larrytruelove7112]

William Ford English is a hybrid language. Even though its roots are German, probably not over 30% of its vocabulary are of truly Germanic origin. It wouldn’t surprise me if someone could prove there is more Latin etymology in modern English than German.

[@larrytruelove7112]

Hernando Malinche Overwhelmingly? I don’t think so. But if we’re talking about non-standard English, I doubt if they came from German origins or Latin-Greek origins. But I don’t know the estimates of those. They might be considered slang. I don’t know. An example I heard was Winston Churchill‘s speech at the start of WW2. I read that its vocabulary was about 30%. If we’re talking about standard English, the number is 60% vocabulary of Greek and Latin Origin. www.dictionary.com/e/word-origins/ If the 60-30 split is accurate, that would give 10% for non-Germanic, non-Greek, non-Latin. Dictionary.com gives a 10% of Germanic origin words in a science technology context. Words like jungle, algebra, opossum and others come from Asiatic, or Arabic or American Indian origins.

[@larrytruelove7112]

Hernando Malinche 26% of modern English words are of Germanic origin. Here’s my source. www.prolingo.com/blog/is-english-really-a-germanic-language/

[@larrytruelove7112]

Hernando Malinche Perhaps. I do recall frequency a method of counting usage. It’s been a while and I forgot about that coming up. I’m talking about total vocabulary. I guess it depends upon whether you mean total vocabulary or most frequently used words. Words like “and” or “the” have Germanic linguistic etymology and are used way more times than words like “scientist” or “television.” I’m referring to total vocabulary. In which case, if “and” is used twice in a sentence but “television” and “scientist” occur once, you’re looking at Latin based words having higher etymology than Germanic. But if you’re talking about frequency of use, the double use of “and” would make them equal, at least in the example I gave. Thanks.

[@Leo-us4wd]

Is bird in old English very similiar to vogel in German

[@stonex3077]

it is German (Vogel) Old English (Fugel) Modern English (Fowl)

[@efjay3183]

The ei in old norse changed into a long e: in modern scandinavian anguages. Steinn=sten, beinn=ben, heimr=hem (hem is a short e sound though).

[@FluxTrax]

Norwegian has still Stein, Bein and Heim

[@peters.778]

"Rück" does not exist in German, at least not in this form. The correckt noun is "Rücken" (=back). The argument still holds, however. "rück" is the imperative of the verb "rücken" which means something like "to move aside". Edit: It is possible to translate "sign" as "Zeichen". For the traffic things, you'd rather say "Schild" (or "Verkehrsschild"), however.

[@morvil73]

“Zurück” … “zu rück” … “to back”…. get it? 😉

[@Tavarna]

German Pfeife meanin pipe. Pf is p in English that is clear and ei is pronounced like a in English. My question is why it is written with an i ? Thank you.

[@Matt-nl2pl]

I was immediately distracted by the goblet of milk.

[@tipr8739]

Rucksac is literally a “back pack”

[@heavywhere]

Constantly touching himself... face, hair, hands, neck... clothes... it’s maddening

[@ImranKhan1976]

Sounds like you work for the ministry of health.

[@joachimmacdonald2702]

“Fuck, there’s milk on my hand now”

[@ilijamitrevski1210]

I want to hear someone speak modern English with old English phonology

[@Zeutomehr]

@@wilhelmseleorningcniht9410 oh, it was pronounced /hɪt/ or is it a different word?

[@RICHUNCLEPENNYBAGS77]

From my seat here in Massachusetts "can I have some fesh?" would probably take a couple tries to make any sense of at all, lol.

[@sarahdaestrela6098]

My Bostonian family friend once said "The letter 'ah'" and none of us Californians understood for a full minute that she was referring to R.

[@trappistpreserves]

Sadly, "cordwainer" does not appear to be a cognate. Cordwain from cordovan from Cordoba (Spanish city) after which the leather is named.

[@wwlee5]

It works in the Chinese languages.

[@jamienelson3470]

So interesting.

[@rogercarter1265]

Some non-Northern Europeans find it incredible that someone would ever drink a glass of milk :) BTW what is "a class of milk" in Old Norse?

[@groundedcrownsrising]

I feel as though the milk was symbolic... ...and poignantly sipped.🤔🔎✏ Wholeness and Balance

[@wyattbaker4427]

Is he a McPoyle?