Expansion and Consequences: Crash Course European History #5

[@TheAnthraxBiology]

"The English were much kinder rulers" *Stares in Irish*

[@Ragd0ll1337]

*stares in Indian (from India)*

[@jenisedai]

Stares in Scottish

[@pickledirick8338]

The Scottish were colonisers alongside England... I don't get it.

[@jenisedai]

@@pickledirick8338 the Scottish haven't been an independent nation since the early 1700s. They've been colonized by, and subjected to, English rule for much of their history.

[@pickledirick8338]

@@jenisedai Scotland has been colonised? Hahahahaha someone doesn't know what the Act of Union of 1707 actually is. Scotland has been subjected to English rule? You don't have a clue. You could make an argument for the whole of the UK being under London's rule, but not England's. Trust me, I live in England.

[@lorisuprifranz]

You might like to know that John Cabot and Cristopher Columbus real names were Giovanni Caboto and Cristoforo Colombo. Still a lot of italian explorer got translated in this period

[@nishyone7596]

Lisa Dixon one could also argue then that he should be called nikolaus kopernikus, given his German parentage and first language

[@lorisuprifranz]

Usually it depends by how a name is easy to pronounce. For very hard names it can be understandable why some sources tried to change them. Still it should remain a higly peculiar name so to avoid horrors like this one: "Cristóbal Colón was spanish because he had a spanish name" (which is wrong i am using it as an example)

[@lorisuprifranz]

@@stardust86x Yea i know. It was an example of the errors people make after localizing names in their own country. I heard thar error sometimes and i hated it

[@MacZaglewski]

I was just going to say this! Quite a disappointing joke?

[@starhawck]

World: Exists* Europeans: "It's free real-estate"

[@nubbinthemonkey]

because empire-building is a European thing

[@starhawck]

@@nubbinthemonkey is e jouk, nut ey dik, dunt teik it tu diip

[@starhawck]

@@nubbinthemonkey P. Es Empaer bilding may not be an evropean thinng, evropeans are as sure as hel the best at it

[@calebr7199]

@@nubbinthemonkey He never said that.

[@primkup]

Hippity hoppity your spices are now my property.

[@gibberishname]

there WERE jack o lantern's in pre-Columbian Europe. They were made from TURNIPS

[@akhragee]

Yeah, that bugged me too. Also: horses evolved in North America, crossed the Bering Strait into Eurasia, and then went extinct in NA ca. 8000 BC due to climate change and human hunting. When Europeans brought them over, it was not their first time in the Americas!

[@lakrids-pibe]

I made a turnip jack o lantern as a school project when I was little. Turnips sucks. Pumpkins are much easier to work with.

[@zofiabochenska1240]

was about to post the same! However, turnip is uch harder to cut, so the end product ends up way more creepy ^^

[@Beggar42]

In Flanders, (sugar) beets were/are used for the same purpose.

[@the_number_one]

@@akhragee wait what

[@404Dannyboy]

"What people thought was one world turned out to be two." Meanwhile Australia goes to cry in a corner feeling forgotten.

[@LukeBunyip]

I suspect we will be dragged, kicking and screaming, into this festering mess...

[@dargondude2375]

So is Australia the third world

[@lhfirex]

I figured Australia was too busy fighting for survival against virtually everything that lives there to feel forgotten.

[@historyoftheromans2527]

It was a joke we all know that and I know it coz I live in Australian

[@RedbadofFrisia]

*furiously huffing gasoline and sleeping on the road*

[@滕毅-f1n]

‘we are the products of history but we are also producing history. ‘ A sentence that uncover the essence of why we learn history.

[@rohanagrawal1415]

i miss the high energy old crash course videos, but this has its own vibe

[@stressedbusinessman]

Put the video on 1.25 speed

[@manueldelrio7147]

Little known fact is that Spain as a kingdom (not to say its population) didn't actually profit that much from the conquest: its ruling dynasty (the Habsburgs) squandered almost all of it in an absurdly outdated, expensive and imperialist foreign policy and armies (mostly warring Protestant countries to defend/recover lands for Catholicism); the gold and silver created massive inflation and a low stimulus towards the development of trade and manufacture, the basis of any prosperous modern economy. It ended up being a curse in disguise.

[@DuranmanX]

The curse wasn't in disguise for most people

[@Oxtocoatl13]

I think they covered that part of it years ago on World History. We might get more on the subject when we hear about the wars of religion

[@lakrids-pibe]

But Flanders prospered.

[@jonathanallison785]

Thats what economists call the Dutch disease

[@manueldelrio7147]

@How bout' you chill If only... Ruling a poorer and underdeveloped country didn't fare all that well in the long run for their own ambitions either.

[@adamek0020]

Me: "Wait, another video without eastern Europe?" John: "..colonialism, slave trade and exploitation of natives" Me: "All yours, westeners"

[@cometmoon4485]

Eastern Europeans aren't so innocent in this. The governments of USA and Canada needed to populate all the land they stole from the native people, so they invited tonnes of white Europeans from countries like Poland, Ukraine and Belarus to come and settle in those lands instead.

[@dv4497]

@@cometmoon4485 That's not even remotely the same.

[@cometmoon4485]

@@dv4497 I never said it was the same, just that Eastern Europeans aren't so innocent in the colonisation and ethnocide of North America.

[@goncalojesus7583]

@@cometmoon4485 We cant fully blame the Europeans for the colonization, they were starving after the Otomans blocked the Asian trade routes, also they gave the native populations Bananas!

[@maxheller7815]

@@cometmoon4485 it wasnt that much of an invitation. Eastern europeans and europeans in general began massive migrations before and after the wars. It was mainly because of a low living standard, poverty and after ww2 political refugees escaping the fascists and communists. All my grandparents were refugees escaping the injustice in my country and believe me, they werent "invited" to live in a city across the atlantic

[@davitxenko]

Castile a very poor kingdom?! By what standars Mr Green ? If we compare it with the Ming China yes, if we compare Castile with the other European kingdoms no. It was arguabily one of the strongest and most prosperous kingdoms since the 13th century; and if we add Aragon and it's mediterranean posesions to the mix we have the European superpower that was the new Kingdom of Spain, only challenged by France and the Ottoman Empire.

[@leonzoful]

You know Anglo-Saxons being Anglo-Saxons, always attributing Spain status as superpower only to the wealth from America

[@404Dannyboy]

Depends on how you measure wealth. Castille had a lot of money at the beginning of the age of exploration but this wealth was largely as a result of gains from the reconquista. In terms of Castilles actual production and trade it was poor for its size. Isabella II largely funded Columbus with money siezed from expelling the jews from Castille after taking Granada.

[@leonzoful]

@@404Dannyboy yes, but Spanish, both Castilian and Aragones, weren't that many. Spain was huge, yes, but it didn't have a big enough population

[@leonzoful]

@Amon Ra it's not only that, but in all Anglo-Saxon records, be English, Australian, or American it is always discrediting Spain

[@404Dannyboy]

@@leonzoful That is part of why it was more poor than larger kingdoms. Less people = less farmers and craftsmen and traders = less money.

[@CanadaMMA]

The new episodes are really getting better as they are going along. I think what was missing for me at first was the fact John wasn't talking to Stan. I don't miss "Me from the Past".

[@harshithgowni1528]

I miss him.

[@cajunpower]

Shutup lol

[@rebecatovar1577]

I miss him too! Lol

[@morgarizzle]

As someone from Vietnam, once a colony of France, I also grew up hearing that it was a shame that we were colonized by France and not England, as English colonization is good for the colony's economy and they treated the citizen better. It was passing remarks by my mother, but I nevertheless thought it was true until this very day.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

Hard to say really. Treatment for the natives would probably be no better under any colonial ruler though it's hard for me to really back this up, there's a world of difference between a Spanish colony in Mexico in the 1500s and a colony under British rule in the 1700s. That said, the Monarchy in the 1900s under Queen Elizabeth was pretty instrumental in granting freedom to previous colonies and the decolonisation period. Which may have prevented a potential war in a country like Vietnam. Although I think that was embroiled in the capitalism/communism series of proxy wars around the world so it's possible that conflict was inevitible no matter who ruled it. I haven't studied this subject much so you'd be better off reading some wikipedia really. :/

[@herodotus945]

Fun fact : the oldest still existing city in continental USA is St. Augustine in Florida from 1565 but i guess most people dont know this because it is founded by Spaniards and Africans rather by English people like Jamestown.

[@404Dannyboy]

Africans had nothing to do with that city. It isn't well known because it is the earliest still existing town, not the earliest town.

[@beaudaniel1370]

the USA wasnt Spanish founded so why would we celebrate an enemies colony? we got it in 1823 a state in 1845 so no we dont really care its old and spanish....there isnt a ton to celebrate with the Spanish

[@beaudaniel1370]

we still hate Florida

[@francaellerman2276]

@@beaudaniel1370"Why should we celebrate an enemies colony?" The Spanish had half of America's land, so I'd say America was partly Spanish founded.

[@nicholasmaniccia1005]

@@francaellerman2276 we didn't fight Spain for independence dumb dumb stop playing mental gymnastics

[@TheR971]

Can we all appreciate the most horse faced horse ever to be drawn at 12:15?

[@evans8639]

Put it on 1.25x speed if you want it to sound like the old crash course histories

[@williamnjagi2388]

He now speaks much slower for a greater audience

[@magtovi]

**gasp** Magic!

[@baseupp12]

No 1.5 to really get that authentic feel

[@robertboekee8733]

Did the same thing before reading this comment it cheers me up

[@adirotenberg7350]

Evan S thanks

[@leopoldogonzalez2090]

Finally adressing the Black legend for what it is!!! Very rare in an English spoken video. ..

[@SystemBD]

The English could perpetuate that legend because they actually killed the indigenous people instead of just ruling over and "mix" with them. Dead men tell no tales, after all.

[@Pizza23333]

System BD well, that's a straight up lie. The English mixed with the native populations as much as any other, even having terms such as "country-born" to describe such things. You should be embarrassed that you made such an ignorant statement.

[@ignacio1171]

@@Pizza23333 that is untrue. The English colonists mixed much less than the Spanish did. While the Spanish preferred to rule over the natives, the English were more content in killing them off and ruling over their lands. The Spanish settlers and conquistadors often married into the existing social classes of the Native South and Central American society, evidenced by things such as the complex table of all the different races as a result of the intermixing, and the demographics of current Latin American states. Compare this to English North American colonies and you see that there is a much more homogeneous and predominantly "European" population as a result of little mixing.

[@rjanmortensen6042]

@@ignacio1171 what an absurd statement. The British usually instituted a small ruling class of brits who then ruled the much larger population of natives. Out right extermination is a rarity even in colonial times.

[@Pizza23333]

Ignacio A Keeping in mind you are the second person who has asserted and failed to back up that the English killed rather than mingled, your attempt to justify this leads you to say things and assume they prove you true, without actually proving they are. Your assertion on the social classes in South and Central America is your big mistake. First, the population of those areas - with the existence of Empires such as the Inca and Aztec - meant the existence of several factors. One a significantly higher population than North America, by some estimates as much as 90% of the total population. You put forward this high number as proof of a greater desire for intermingling, but it isn't. When there is a significantly larger native population to begin with, they will have a much larger visible impact on society simply by presence. It does not, in and of itself, point to a greater desire to intermingle. The second factor to use to justify is social class, which is another false equivalence. While the English - and later British - colonies had social class it wasn't nearly as rigid as those found in the Spanish colonies. Trying to point to a social structure that neither the English/British nor the Natives of those areas had as proof of greater intermingling is silly. It also ignores the nature of these societies - with the mainly oral-traditions of those Natives compared to the Inca and Aztec that had written records. Most people in the US and Canada are believed to have some trace of native ancestry- but many will simply identify as European because it is often a choice, rather than something enforced by society in which they live. It was also far more advantageous to identify as European in those places due to historical and modern racism, which also impact perceptions. So that assertion of a preference for killing is simply a "black legend" of its own, and people perpetuating that myth should continue to be ashamed. Twisting factors to suit your argument is not how history is supposed to be studied.

[@TheOsamaBahama]

2:55 John is not just referring to all kinds of brazillian wood in general. He is referring to a very specific wood, called "Brazil Wood", which is where the country gets it's name from ! The wood was said to be "red as ember", so the portuguese called it Brasil (meaning "like ember").

[@TheOsamaBahama]

Brasa = Ember Brasil = Like Ember

[@andersonandrighi4539]

8:00 name translations were common back them. John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and Christopher Colombus (Cristoforo Colombo) were their names in Italian. We don't translate names anymore, João Verde.

[@madelcyfuentes6709]

Great approach to La Virgen de Guadalupe!! Como mexicana, me agradó mucho.

[@jp15151]

It would have been interesting if you had also talked about the colonies of France and Holland, not just Spanish and English ones.

[@sittingonceilings6805]

Well those don't relate as much to the USA.

[@jp15151]

@@sittingonceilings6805 Well New France once extended all the way to nowadays Louisiana, and Mannathan started as a Dutch colony, so it does kinda relate. In any case, it's not like only people from the USA watch Crash Course.

[@RedbadofFrisia]

@@jp15151 give it time, i'm sure they will focus on other things too. That said, it will be centered around the Americas no doubt.

[@comradeofthebalance3147]

jp15151 Netherlands not Holland. Holland is a district in The Netherlands. Plus historians would see Dutch rather than Netherlands nor Holland

[@lsshvs8415]

@@sittingonceilings6805 isnt this series about Europe?

[@sig_pagot]

Wasn't Bartolomé De Las Casas a supporter of the use of african slaves in the American continent? Sure he changed his mind after but maybe it should be told to show the full picture

[@disappointmentslough]

I always got the sense from his writing (although racism of the translators may play a role here) that he had an idealized view of the "nobility" of Native Americans and an extremely negative view of the same when it came to Africans. He did suggest kidnapping and "importing" African slaves so that Native American laborers could be freed from what was essentially serfdom.

[@Themadhorse]

He saw his mistake and wanted to do something about it.

[@pedrolmlkzk]

No, I've read part of his work, he wasn't against slavery per se (at least in the beggining) but he thought Indian slavery was against the faith/unjust, and he (in his on words so take with a grain of salt) was in favour of it because he thought it would free up the indians

[@sixAdam22]

Mr. Green Mr. Green !!!! Why are you so sad and serious in this video...?

[@mianotiano3538]

Fox man white guilt

[@dielfonelletab8711]

well the subjugation, enslavement, and genocide of half of the world isn't exactly a cheery topic

[@PairsOfDuals]

@@mianotiano3538 If you really think that talking seriously about the effects of slavery, the death of millions of Natives and the general consequences of 16th and 17th century colonialism is "white guilt," then you're just an idiot and you don't actually know what that phrase means.

[@dannylim834]

PairsOfDuals white guilt

[@leodarksam6230]

Subject matter.

[@Icedpyro21]

im pretty sure they used turnips before pumpkins were brought over

[@ethanmagdaleno5332]

8:05 What about my boy Amerigo Vespucci. He literally has TWO continents named after him.

[@deduegaming8435]

incorrect. since places that are named after people traditionally use their last names, vespucci couldn't have had the americas named after him, it was most likely another explorer, richard ameryk

[@ZioStalin]

8:05 You mean Giovanni Caboto and Cristoforo Colombo! (= I'm Italian :P

[@davidhemsath4262]

Did the influx of silver and gold cause high inflation in Europe?

[@leonzoful]

Oh yes, it did

[@marcustulliuscicero5443]

To a degree that Spain, even after shipping a large chunk of the American silver off to China, defaulted 9 times between 15576 and 1666

[@culwin]

omg spoilers

[@Scott89878]

Inflation ended up being the decline of the Spanish Empire, not to mention they were over extended and couldn't administrate their colonies very well.

[@phyrexian_dude4645]

It did, in fact, the inflation forced them to look for other kind of goods to sell and began the Botanic Expeditions.

[@TheJaxelRose]

I'm a massive fan of crash course thanks to John Green and I just googled him to tell my fellow indy native how grateful I am. Turns out this guy wrote "Looking for Alaska" and "The Fault in Our Stars"!!! Very cool credentials but Crash Course is by far my favorite work of his. Thanks for all you do, John. I've learned so much!

[@NACBEAST]

Before John gets too many people hyped on de las Casas: he didn't want to abolish forced labor all together, he just wanted to replace the natives with African Slaves, who he thought were totally okay to use in this manner.

[@beth8775]

He's still a significant historical figure that I've never heard of, but yes, throwing that in would be helpful perspective.

[@kaesong6080]

You said that it was weird that the two Italian was explorers had funny sounding english names. Thats because their original names was Christoforo Colombo and Giovanni Caboto and was anglicised by english speakers

[@agilemind6241]

In Canada, Giovanni Caboto is also frenchised (?) as "Jean Cabot" (with a silent "t") just to make everything even more confusing.

[@Oxtocoatl13]

The point about the Spanish really not having the experience necessary to rule such a vast empire was very interesting. It wasn't made any easier by the conquistadors being opportunist social climbers who would gladly fight each other for personal gain. Cortez was technically an outlaw when he conquered Mexico and Pizarro was murdered by his Spanish rivals.

[@gabrielgonzalezc1037]

“Existing healthcare systems of the native Americans”

[@Flamingbob25]

I mean they had healthcare systems, like they were just very different than modern ones. Like going to a medicine person for herbs that reduce swelling/relieve pain healthcare system.

[@quetzalcoatl3242]

As well as public and obligatory education at least in Mesoamerica.

[@tjs200]

he is using the phrase "healthcare system" in a more general/abstract way.

[@seanhallett7156]

Like the existing healthcare system of human sacrafice

[@agilemind6241]

@@seanhallett7156 LOL nope. Human sacrifice was mostly just the Aztecs at it was for religious reasons, the some European "healthcare" at the time was more into human sacrifice than people indigeneous to the Americas - which King was it that drank the blood of a dozen men to cure their sickness only for all involved to die anyway? Many native american remedies have been shown to be more effective than the bleeding and purging the Europeans were into at the time.

[@nickkraw1]

Abortion is an issue in which those being denied their humanity are incapable of insisting upon it. It is why we, who have our our human dignity honoured, must speak even more vehemently and with more ardour to defend those who have no voice.

[@arandomuseroftheinternet8003]

What does this have to do with the video? Like at all??

[@nickkraw1]

A random user of the internet In the video, John Green uses the phrase that ‘in issues where groups of people are being denied their humanity, they must insist upon it’. I am pointing out that the largest and most significant genocidal denial of humanity for a major demographic of the human population is the yet to be born, and that because they are incapable of speaking up for themselves, we, the once pre born and now born, must speak up for them. It is the crisis of our times.

[@anananita1231]

Asian people were enslaved during the colonies in Latin America? I’d never heard of that, Could I get sources, please?

[@stevenwills4660]

Just a not De las casas helped spread the black legend and while may of his tales of cruelty by the spanish are true they are a little exagerated especially the death toll since he could not differinciate between deaths caused by spaniards and disease check out Knowing betters Columbus video to find out more.

[@masn9997]

Las Casas was a liar. His fake news was used as propaganda by other European powers against Spain. Envy.

[@ShidaiTaino]

Steven Wills are you defending the brutal enslavement of native Americans because their advocate miscounted bodies? What is the point of this comment?

[@CaesarAugustus.]

“I’ve always found it very funny that the two most famous Italian sailors in history are named John Cabot and Christopher Columbus.” Only in the English-speaking world. In Spain and Latin America, for example, everyone knows “Christopher Columbus” as Cristobal Colon.

[@hectzen23]

the human body

[@MikTukLui89]

07:57 Actually in italian their names were known as "Giovanni Caboto" and "Cristoforo Colombo". For the English language it was easier to just translate and pronounce their names to *John Cabot* and *Christopher Columbus.*

[@onutthenut5694]

Ahhh should have uploaded it yesterday Wrote my history exam on colonialism and its consequences on friday

[@anotherfrenchdude1]

I had never heard of the "Black Legend" before, but it sounds quite similar to what I've often heard about the French colonization of North America. They say the reason why many tribes sided with France during the French and Indian War was because they treated them better than the other Europeans in the rest of the Americas, mainly trading with them and marrying into their tribes.

[@agilemind6241]

Yes, that is a standard belief taught in Canadian schools. It does seem to have 'some' truth to it but reality is probably "they weren't as terrible" as the English. The French would still do things like get native drunk/addicted to alcohol to secure lop-sided trade deals, and pitch tribes against tribes when it suited them. And the few larger colonies the French set up in Quebec did usually end up warring with the local natives at times. But most of the French presence were the voyageurs who were small scale traders so usually worked with the natives rather than in conflict with them.

[@albertolopezrolo6899]

The Black Legend is a very complex topic and a very effective political tool, every empire has its own, and the Spanish is longer than John has explained 1. Started by Italians, when Aragon ruled the south of Italy, who said that Spaniards were bad christians becuse they had bad blood (mixed with the jews and the arabs), that was very offensive back then. 2. Something later used by Germans and Dutsch during the protestant reformation (Marthin Luther was a big antisemite, which included the Spaniards) which deemed the Spaniards as barabaric, blood and gold thristy, as opposed to the good noble protestants. 3. The black legend was later used by France after its revolution, to say that Spain was dark and medieval country were sciency and culture was inexistent and to justify its invasion and occupation (simlar things where said about Russians for the same reason), as opposed to the ilustrated France. Also spain was doomed as intolerant because it had spell the jews and the moors after 1492, and all the scientist and wise had left Spain, because of its intolerant catholic view. 4. This was also used then, and a rewrite of the histroy of the Conquest was made to justify the Independence of the Spanish territories there. 5. Finally in the US, hiponofobia and straight made up black legends were made during late XIXth century to justify the Spanish-American war over Cuba and to justify also US expansion

[@Madhattersinjeans]

It's kinda complicated. But my understanding is the Spanish black legend lasted the longest because they were the biggest power in Europe for a long time, or certainly after their colonisation of the Americas brought a lot of wealth. There are black legends for most countries depending on who was at war with who.

[@beth8775]

@@agilemind6241 I learned that idea growing up in southern Indiana too. There was a heavy French presence in this area.

[@masn9997]

@@albertolopezrolo6899 You're absolutely right. "Fake news" is not something new at all and it all has to do with envy.

[@Primo9000]

The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus. His name in Ligurian is Cristoffa Corombo, in Italian Cristoforo Colombo, in Spanish Cristóbal Colón, and in Portuguese, Cristóvão Colombo. (Wiki)

[@Daetaur]

- Christianity adopted and mixed with local religion/beliefs. So, like always has happened - Saying that Portuguese sailors were catching africans spotted by the coast is just wrong. They qent to slave markets and bought them. Pretending a bunch of sailors could capture (no use of lethal force) natives without even knowning the area is silly. IS not like they could land their ships on the beach like Vikings did. Africans, like Europeans, were more resistant to diseases (a practical reason as of why the slaves were imported) - The constant "90% of people died because of diseases" reminder. Is like sales advertisment, "UP TO 90% discount" means 1 or 2 items are at 90% and the rest might be at 25-50% - A side note: a recent study of Spanish ships being lost showed that less than 5% were due to piracy. - Funny exception regarding slaves: a black slave in Spain enlisted in a expedition on behalf of his master. Paid for his freedom and got promoted to Captain. I think it shows how just being Catholic mattered more than race or origin. French expedition that went wrong, survivors captured by the Spanish: protestants were killed on the spot. Catholics were taken prisoner.

[@Argacyan]

15:23 I think one interesting thing is that still, child mortality globally is 49% caused by starvation and malnutrition. We produce food for more than 3 billion more people than there are and yet hundreds of millions die from starvation and malnutrition.

[@robertjarman3703]

Argacyan We as a species united produce the calories such that nobody has to ever starve or be malnurished. But our economic and political systems make it so that is not true.

[@Argacyan]

If you mean that the systematic paradigms of capitalism and corporate neoimperialism, facilitated by global eradication of any threads to the syphoning of goods and wealth away from where they're needed, make it so the fact of overproduction and undersupply remains until total collapse such that the bare life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of everyone is weighted less than endless profit for the few then yes. Absolutely. Our political systems and economics make it so that market failure endures.

[@72theboss1]

I think this is a great episode, but you did forget to say the VERY IMPORTANT 2ND PART OF LAS CASAS' STORY. He turned people away from using local slave labour, and attempted to instead tell people to use the trans-atlantic slave trade, to use black slaves instead. He was a progenitor of human rights, but he was also vile and heinous, and forgetting that part is cruel to the blacks he demanded be used in slave roles.

[@wingitprod]

LOL! This guy (around/about) @12:00 implies Europeans weren't calorie rich due to UNKNOWN food preservation until the Incas... He ALSO implies it was solely Europeans that had a slave trade. Nope, not even close to true. Just think of all the other foods that must have been available (that aren't around now)for all the other empires to have grown.

[@RedbadofFrisia]

Well potatoes and maize do give better calorie yields per acre than wheat for instance. Though this does go against jared diamond, who implies that europeans had an advantage in ennobled calorie rich staple crops.

[@RedbadofFrisia]

@reu tardio patrician taste my fren. Love his research-driven videos.

[@giorgiapratico3660]

Thank you for these videos. I decided to bring to my class more history facts to then talk about racism, injustice and inequity and I am finding your videos so helpful!

[@brentpearson2177]

Sounds like your talking about what the Ottoman and Islamic expansion did in the Mideast north Africa southern Europe, hmmm. Guess that does't count today.

[@TheGuilhermetamara]

Wait for the middle eastern history series then

[@kaymarx9677]

It's the fifth episode of a not-sure-how-long series, it's continuing on and building from episodes that were focused mostly on the Iberian peninsula. First off, I'm not sure the Ottoman empire's really considered "European" in common use and second, there's more episodes to come, plenty of time satisfy your victim complex. For now though, lets just get all our shorts out of their knots and wait until we actually know the whole curriculum before we complain about what's been left out.

[@DuranmanX]

Europe seems to have expanded since the Little Ice Age and shrunk since Global Warming

[@owbu]

So we are the white walkers?

[@RedbadofFrisia]

@@owbu we are le ebil yes

[@alifkazeryu8228]

@@owbu complete with blue eyes too! no wonder Aztecs is slaughtered because Aztecs have obsidian blade!

[@Madhattersinjeans]

@@alifkazeryu8228 heh.

[@makky6239]

@@alifkazeryu8228 bro lmao

[@lor8olo]

queen isabella of castiile and spain? no, queen isabella of spain, or queen isabella of castille and aragon

[@DuranmanX]

Maybe they used that since she was Queen of Castile, which was later called Spain after her death. She wouldn't be Queen of Aragorn, much like Mary of England wasn't considered Queen of Spain

[@lor8olo]

still not castille and spain, but yea technically she was by herself only queen of castille i mean maybe thats why, but expressed like that, isnt accurate, is it?

[@DuranmanX]

@@lor8olo it might technically be accurate if they say Queen of Castile, and Spain. Saying Castile and Spain however implies Castile isn't Spain, unlike say Ferdinand, who was king of areas outside of Spain, like Sicily.

[@lor8olo]

@@DuranmanX yea, thats it, thats all

[@ACrownofFlowers]

We also have brown Jesus in Escipulas in Guatemala. Supposedly the Spanish had a white Jesus in the beginning and then one day when the priest of the church came back he found it to be brown and declared it a miracle.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

Sometimes you have to take what miracles you can get.

[@ACrownofFlowers]

@@Madhattersinjeans hahahaha

[@satanasteguarda]

We have ALWAYS lived in a "world with profound inequality and injustice", it's intelectual dishonesty when you make it appear like it's a product of modern civilization. In fact, we have LESS inequality and injustice today than in any other period of humankind history.

[@agilemind6241]

Depends on what specifically you are talking about, and what statistics you use. For people in developed countries inequality has been increasing since the early post-war period, and denying that is partially contributing to the alienation and frustration felt by so many that is driving them towards supporting fascism.

[@Alaryk111]

Well considering the percentage of people with native heritage in Latin America The Black Legend was rather a revers of the true.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

It's a complicated subject that covers hundreds of years of history. Truth and lies is not necessarily a good way of looking at it. But comparing a colony in the early 1500s is certainly a different affair to one in the early 1800s. That's 300 years of history. Longer than the US has been a country. There's an awful lot of history here that has been brushed over. Understandably because it's just a crash course but still. Just take what you see in the comments with a grain of salt.

[@miacayli]

Giovanni Caboto landed on the island of Newfoundland where St. John's is today, but the Norse had found it first on the Northern Peninsula and called it Vinland! Not to mention the native Beothuk peoples that were brutally murdered thereafter... rough stuff

[@danielmould1487]

I’m very annoyed this has come out a week after I finished my dissertation on The Role of Piracy in the Colonisation of the New World haha

[@Gregoryzaniz]

Goof job!!

[@WiseWik]

Congratulations. That is a very interesting topic to write a dissertation on.

[@danielmould1487]

Laslus I did! I was watching as it was releasing back in the day. Just this episode in particular was more in tune with my diss

[@ZioStalin]

7:13 To me, this is more a testament to how poor England was at the time.. It wasn't THAT much value being extracted, there wasn't all that much to take in the first place.

[@gimpytheimp]

John Cabot was the second European to discover Newfoundland after the Vikings. Helps to be the most Eastern point in North America.

[@joaoguilhermemalatocorreia7570]

no, search for João Vaz Corte-Real, he went to america in 1472 in a lot of secrecy

[@Churhli]

..I was under the impression bananas originated from south east Asia and not Africa...

[@q2yogurt]

There were horses in Americas before the Columbian Exchange, they just died out before Europeans arrived. Also stop pronouncing "been" as "ben".

[@LuinTathren]

I just love watching John talk. He's so cute. And what he says is so informative and thought provoking.

[@arberor4597]

@Tathrennor But it’s extremely bias and one sided

[@newmantopia]

@@arberor4597 Biased toward whom?

[@arberor4597]

@Jesse Newman Towards European history

[@samanthakim1975]

I'm Portuguese and I always heard people call him Cristóvão Colombo

[@angharad.9743]

Everyone complaining he talks to slow now I’m here still struggling to process

[@hesliterallymebro]

*too

[@RealLifeW0rld]

"We are the *products* of *history* but of course we are also *producing history* ." - John Green, 2019 _One the best lines ever said_

[@vicentefebrelorca8879]

That line its at his core Marxist xD

[@varana]

@@vicentefebrelorca8879 ... what?!?

[@artdent9871]

Actually, the French are given credit for being the least genocidal of Europeans in terms of Native interactions, at least in Canada. The English wanted their land, the French wanted their furs, is the high-school-level understanding of that bit of history.

[@j4296]

Correct me if I'm wrong but weren't the Dutch first on the whole "raiding Spanish shipping lanes" thing? I do recall stories about the "Watergeuzen", a group of protestant rebels, who raided Spanish shipping lanes before the English even arrived in the Carribean.

[@varana]

But the targets of the Dutch rebels was not so much colonial trade routes as rather shipping in the North Sea and along the European coasts. While both are piracy, the Watergeuzen didn't have much to do with the Americas.

[@j4296]

@@varana Beg to differ, indeed these privateers did focus on the European theater of war but the main target was still the silver fleets, which were the backbone of the Spanish economy. I think the confusion arises from the fact that they used English ports before the 80 Years War had officially kicked off.

[@tzegoh333]

Is there a Chinese Virgin Mary or Jesus Christ ?

[@kentchamberlain5720]

"(these animals) arriving in the New World for the first time." Hate to be the insufferable "well actually" dweeb, but this is kind of a cool story. Horses are native to North America, and migrated to Eurasia when the Bering Land Bridge was a thing. That's good, because they died like the mammoths and giant ground sloths when humans first arrived in the Americas. So the land bridge prevented their extinction long enough for someone in the Caucasus to learn how to ride one, and the rest is history.

[@teresamartinlorenzo5741]

Cool story. Thank you! Actually I see your comment, together with those of other well-informed people, as part of the video, in a kind of wikiyoutubepedia.

[@cmck17]

Thank you thank you thank you thank you John!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THIS video literally perfectly tied in the rest of your crash course world history videos!!!!!!!! Thank you!! Again.. :P also: never give up on what you’re doing. You are a genuine role model for me, and I’m a serious sceptic of everything, and look to educationally literate fact based information to turn to, for both escapism and education, with great success’s from your teachings. So thank you.

[@bobobobic9330]

there is more American history in than European history in "European history series"

[@Argacyan]

Guess why

[@Scott89878]

Well, when the European nations begin extending their territories over New World lands, it becomes a big part of the story. But this series is going to have to get back to Europe soon to get around to the reformation, the 30 years war, the rise of Prussia and Austria, the enlightenment, among other things.

[@gf1917]

Copying from stafer3: "They don’t do European history. They said they were doing it for American classes with courses named “European history”. Which pretty much means they focus on European stuff that is important to American history (or what American education system thinks is important for American history). So the point of this isn’t to show you European history, point is for young Americans to past their history exam. That’s why the focus is on slavery and native Americans and eastern Europe doesn’t exist."

[@gf1917]

@Puella Talking about Asia Minor outside "that's partly why explorations happened" would actually be a welcome change.

[@chaywen9240]

European history is just taking over the entire world.

[@anthonyattard6726]

And had nothing to do with people today, don't feel guilty.

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

Wait! Said Columbus probably smoking crack. If the world is round, let’s go this way to India! Nah don’t worry we already got this, said Portugal. So Chris goes to Spain. Hey Spain, wanna hire me to find India by going around the back of the world? No, please, no, please, no, please...okay

[@PavarottiAardvark]

Any time people say "they were a product of their time" or "that's how it was back then", bring up Bartolome de las Casas

[@stafer3]

I will remind you this in hundred years when eating meat will be considered murder and age of consent will be 9. And show you all those texts from vegan activists or ruling from court in Denmark that you were wrong all along. It’s pretty arrogant to think we are pinnacle of human history and that there won’t be social changes after us that will goes against our current morals.

[@culwin]

@@stafer3 Wow, that's a stunningly dumb comment especially for a Crash Course video. Congrats.

[@Madhattersinjeans]

@@stafer3 Quite a lot of buzzwords there. Regardless I wouldn't call it arrogance, so much as we have nothing else to base a morality on to other people today. But yes there will be shifts in society long after we're around and i'm sure everyone of us will seem antiquated at some point in future.

[@stafer3]

@@Madhattersinjeans What buzzwords? What meaningless common phrase I used? I used no trendy words or sayings. Is saying that someone acts arrogant buzzword? Because otherwise only buzzword in this conversation is that “buzzwords” in your text. Secondly what you said it’s exactly my point. We don’t know what there will be in the future. We can only act on our surrounding. Vegans are currently on fringe, as “that annoying group that is full of itself and has extreme opinions about animals”. Yet in the future it might be mainstream. We don’t know. But that’s why I call arrogant someone who see one fringe example centuries ago and based on that judges them as “they should have known, they had example right there”. People of the past aren’t any dumber or more evil then current generation. They just lived in different environment. They didn’t have all mankind’s knowledge in their pocket whenever they wanted. They didn’t have all their primary needs like water, food, health, safety, etc. covered. Just simple fact that families on average had 6 children, and it was expected, normal, that 4 of them would die. That completely changes whole value of life in someone’s eyes. “People are dying on some other continent because of hard work? So what? That’s what happening here too. How is that anything special?” They have to learn first that there is some alternative. Some other world, in the future, where families have only one child, because they know it will survive. And they don’t have it because they want cheap manual labor on their farm, no, child labor in this future world is forbidden, they have it because they want to provide it with great care. Our world is as much foreign as that hypothetical future world I mentioned in my first post.

[@ShidaiTaino]

Matthew Campbell de la casas was a religious man who was horribly traumatized and convinced by another clergyman

[@julioservantes8242]

When you discuss the mongols expanding and conquering nations you do not have the same resentment and negative stand that you have for Europeans.

[@TheWanderingNight]

Did you actually watch the video on the Mongols?

[@oscarstrokosz2986]

Lol where did he hold a resentment to Europeans in general during this?

[@overphoenix2394]

I’d like to remind them everyone that las Casas encouraged the African slave trade to help the native Americans

[@josephyml]

i expect the views to drop drastically on this series after the ap euro test

[@williamletourneau1446]

However, there will be a spike every year around April.

[@josephyml]

@@williamletourneau1446 very true.

[@mckenzieraynor8436]

I have my ap exam in an hour 😂 This is so helpful

[@redmancasey]

John! I can't find this tangent story of yours about the Native American Church of Ghost Dancers. Seems fitting that you cover that here. Which episode was that inserted in? I thought it was in your history explained.

[@eduardojijon8224]

Hey john you cool

[@earsnot4forgot]

Mr. Green, you seem a little...blue in this video. Hope all is well:) I love all the content on CC and you by far are someone that has changed so many of my student's perspectives Much love from Bakersfield CA!

[@bambangsuwarno3760]

John Green, if I passed my pre-law exam on July, just wanna let you know, you're one of the greatest teachers I have ever had

[@benbellusci4413]

I would enjoy talking to John about his policy beliefs, something about studying past injustices and inequality really opens a person's eyes to flaws in how our society works today.

[@jonjosenna5581]

🌶 chillies aren’t Indian....! You just blew my mind.

[@DJayBJay206]

Thank you for you continued account of history. Some people like sports, some people like pop culture, but history is my euphoric experience.

[@myman5472]

Black legend intensifies

[@ShieldAre]

He literally talks about the "black legend" at the end. Did you even watch the video?

[@myman5472]

@@ShieldAre I did, why do you assume I am attacking on the basis that he didn't addressed it. I was pleasently surprised by the mention of de las casas (although he did not mention de Vitoria), in lobbying the king into putting a legal system and framework that treated the indigenous people as subjects of the Crown, the same way people in the Peninsula were treated. But, as he says he is influenced by the black legend when he was a kid. Truth be told, Spanish conquering (bad as it may was), was much better for the indigenous people than english, french, portuguese or dutch conquering.

[@pedrolmlkzk]

@@myman5472 the Portuguese would be more or less in equal ground to spanish

[@Madhattersinjeans]

@@myman5472 I mean lets not get lost in who conquered the natives best competition here. It was all bad no matter what ruler you measure it on.

[@StephanthePelted]

Now do a Expansion and Conesequences: Crash Course Islamic History

[@dasa8713]

Actually, legal protections in relatively large cities in Latin America did exist and it was possible to sue a master and win, even for manumission. That's not to say that it wasn't horrible but it's a bizarrely contradictory proposition to hear from such an institution and in such a world.

[@Artur_M.]

About Las Casas supposedly beginning the drive for what today are considered human rights. I don't want to diminish his contribution, but think that historians who claim that never heard about Stanisław of Skarbimierz and Paweł Włodkowic (a.k.a. Paulus Vladimiri).

[@Michel73526]

CrashCourse is amazing. I’m loving these new European history videos. I am glad that they dialed back on the speed of which John speaks for these videos. It makes comprehension far easier and gives the viewer time to digest the information. I would love another world history series or US History series at which John slows down a bit and gives more information.

[@yay-cat]

In a few thousand years people will look back on this little 500 year blip and think - wow what barbarians

[@Jacob-se5sk]

1.25 speed = crash course world history dialogue speed

[@whitehorsept]

yep. I do the same. :P

[@parrismd]

What about "No more human sacrifice."? That's a consequence.

[@agostres]

why are all these depictions of virgen de guadalupe white?

[@pedrolindo8190]

Give a hello to my friend paulatejando

[@NomeDeArte]

It's call Cristobal Colón in spanish and his name in italian was Cristoforo Colombo, not christopher or columbus.

[@MusicalRaichu]

Christopher is actually a Greek name, which reminds me, what were the Greeks doing during this time ... O wait, Greece didn't exist yet.

[@lonestarr9751]

In Portuguese he is known as Cristóvão Colombo but in ENGLISH, the language that he is speaking , he is an will always be known as Christopher Columbus.....you're welcome.

[@immanuelkunt69]

your picture for hernan cortez is charles V @ 1:00

[@syedaga4711]

So true we are the product's of history but we are producing history 😀👍

[@charliegenis4228]

Going straight from a US History CC video to this and I feel like the world has slowed down and set at 0.5x speed

[@MichaelJosephSonger]

Astronauts never ate astronaut ice cream

[@vivita128c]

As Latin American is very hard to remember this stories, but I appreciate the respectful manner He tells them. And as said in the previous video: history is about shifting perspectives.

[@MrElblacko]

Do a crash course African History, it is too often neglected and there is a lot a thing to say

[@misterwheatley1386]

Nobody wants to watch 20+ episodes of people throwing spears and building mud huts

[@MrElblacko]

@@misterwheatley1386 You gotta educate yourself, then you will understand how stupid you are

[@beth8775]

That would be a very educational series indeed. African history is, at best, a footnote in any history book I've ever seen.

[@misterwheatley1386]

@@MrElblacko Name an African invention or philosopher predating Arab or Greek conquests

[@MrElblacko]

@@misterwheatley1386 When it comes to inventions pre-dating greeks, i would cite (among other things) coffee drinking, the use of astronomical megalithe like in Nabta Playa or Namoratunga and the fabrication of steel by the Haya people in Tanzania 2000 years before Europeans (check out Peter R. Schmidt for more information ) For those pre-dating arab, there is a loooooooooot to say, so i don't really no where to start but i would cite the domestication and use of camel that first started in the Horn of Africa, the maritime engineering of the people of Azania in what will later become the Swahilis coast and the use of talking drums, as a telegraphic communication system in west africa for example

[@andrewhatherall915]

"What they thought was one world was actually two!" Australia " am I a joke to you"

[@SamAronow]

I often worry about how terrible food must have tasted before contact with the new world.

[@leahmontgo]

Newfoundland. John Cabot landed in Newfoundland. =_= I dig your stuff, but this is about the third or forth time you have failed to give us props

[@pmvenegas]

Bananas are originally from Asia, not Africa.