Thanks for the old Crimewatch reconstructions upload. They're really good for my 4am disturbed sleep. I'm definitely not getting back to sleep 😁. I remember as a child I was allowed to stay up to watch CW UK. I couldn't go to the bathroom alone afterwards.
@geordielassie17 жыл бұрын
Is Az and here
@isaz5977 жыл бұрын
Did any of you think someone was going smash the bathroom window & get you? Sorry it's ridiculous but I did at that age
@geordielassie17 жыл бұрын
Is Az definatley I wouldn't even put my legs out of the bed in case someone was under my bed lol
@isaz5977 жыл бұрын
geordielassie1 Hahaha I was similar. If I left my bedroom door open I didn't have the nerve to close it . I'd just hide under the duvet lol
@rachgabbitas80106 жыл бұрын
Is Az me2
@carina9147 жыл бұрын
god i love these old episodes - i also google t see which have been solved! i spook myself out watching them but how good was Crimewatch back in the day? better than any fictional crime program!
@arshadasghar99367 жыл бұрын
You are spot on mate, i'd rather watch these old episodes of CW than most crime movies
@perky26hughes7 жыл бұрын
Carina Yeah, I always used to watch them- then go bed shit- scared 😱
@zephyrsky__7 жыл бұрын
Me too, having been watching what I can on youtube then googling, lol. The reconstructions were a lot better back then
@weeannie4956 жыл бұрын
Carina I agree. I began watching the Jodi Arias case and became addicted lol
@dieterbruls40915 жыл бұрын
DNA spoiled it all.
@leedummett44126 жыл бұрын
the reconstructions have a documentary feel to them. thanks for upload.
@JayKhwaja3 жыл бұрын
Well said
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
The Shirley Leach murder is awful. Especially as she missed the bus. Ian O Callaghan was convicted by chance when arrested for a motoring offence. The sick thing was he returned 30 mins later to try and mutilate her body. The police had it wrong with the 45 year old suspect. That was a local perv. O Callaghan was 26 at the time but police focussed on 40-50 ages bracket.
@quatz19817 жыл бұрын
A postman out at 6.30 in the morning. Those days are long gone.
@daleHarrison937 жыл бұрын
lol. they do start early, just because he aint at ur house at 6.30 they cant do all houses in 10mins you know, there routes are hours long if your near end your fukd
@quatz19817 жыл бұрын
I am a postie and we don't get out of the office till around 9 - 9:30am. I know they used to start around 6.30 back in the day, maybe still do in some areas.
@perky26hughes7 жыл бұрын
quatz1981 £2.26 for a packet of 20 cigarettes.........those days are long gone too! (Not that I'm a smoker b.t.w.) 🙂
@daleHarrison937 жыл бұрын
haha yeah I used to work a royal mail in the 3.5 tonne vans, out of a team of 40-50 95% of them were Romanian...telling me to nick the big plasma teles etc, its unreal lol
@jasonantigua68257 жыл бұрын
Gervan Simon My first pack of 10 where 37 pence if I remember rightly,would have been around 1981-82 I was at school !!!
@Swild805 жыл бұрын
The Shirley Leach case is interesting. Throughout the reconstruction it focused on an old man in a flat cap who was hanging around and later had blood on him... yet, the guy that got jailed for it was Ian O'Callaghan who was only 25 at the time. Then they suddenly had an e-fit that was identical to Ian O'Callaghan.
@stephenroche48977 жыл бұрын
Can't beat old Skool crimewatch reconstructions
@perky26hughes7 жыл бұрын
Stephen Roche Yeah & the types of cars around at that time. Seems like Fords- especially Escorts, definitely had the monopoly back then (unless Crimewatch had some sort of deal with Ford to use them in their reconstructions!?! 🤗
@vanillasnow40846 жыл бұрын
The new ones just ain’t scary, used to love this as a kid
@liamwhitcombe12376 жыл бұрын
Freddie Blue the presenters & programs makes alike are probably, & justifiably too afraid to dig too deep into serious crimes. We ALL know what happened to Jill Random for trying to expose the villains
@vanillasnow40846 жыл бұрын
liam whitcombe True everyones is shit scared to offend someone these days n tv just isn’t what it used to be
@fionagregory79366 жыл бұрын
leyland
@missmandy20496 жыл бұрын
This is all so sad....especially the sweet old man in the pet shop😞
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
Someone got nicked for it years later then released. Its seemed police had their man but no evidence to convict
@Lushgirl816 жыл бұрын
MissMandy poor bloke was murdered on my 12th birthday. Bless him. 😔
@roccaluce6 жыл бұрын
It's quite sad that both Shirley's daughter and grandson are now dead.
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
The David Short murder remains unsolved. Someone certainly had a grudge against him.
@siangreenwoodx6 жыл бұрын
And then Jill Dando (rip) has a case of her own.
@mariaoloughlin26666 жыл бұрын
Sianybabe 1986 she was murdered because she was going expose the pedophile ring at bbc
@janettemohan77394 жыл бұрын
Careful, Maria. That's an opinion stated as fact. Doesn't go down well.
@Paul83426 жыл бұрын
Anyone notice that the same actress who was John Shippey's girlfriend also plays David Hird's Wife?
@MRBAIN12317 жыл бұрын
I remember watching the first case on Crimewatch File in the mid 90s. The mysterious caller was the killer.
@MRBAIN12317 жыл бұрын
I think it was money related. www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/couples-killer-gets-two-life-sentences-security-video-and-tape-of-phone-call-trapped-insurance-man-1431145.html
@lynnsnowdon4911 ай бұрын
For the Karen Hales murder, I've always felt the partner had something to do with it.
@hlat93186 жыл бұрын
Fuck me that's the scariest artist impression I've seen at 1.01 he looks like he's just been let out of broadmoor 😂
@mucf99613 жыл бұрын
Ian farrow killed Wendy,he had a shoe fetish.The photo fit was bang on.He has been refused parole twice
@angelapay37185 жыл бұрын
I wonder why the BBC stopped this show it’s not like crime went away in fact it’s got worse.🤔
@Valoween6167 жыл бұрын
That efit at 1:01:03 is spot on. Look up Martin Brown, the man who was convicted of his murder.
@09weenic7 жыл бұрын
What was the motive for Keith Slaters murder?
7 жыл бұрын
Valoween Absolutely spot on.
@Freshy0096 жыл бұрын
09weenic No, it was an associate of someone his wife had an affair wife, strange!
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
Martin Brown is serving time. Hes admitted and gave the name of the person who murdered Slater with him. But police have no evidence to do his accomplice!!! I'm fairly sure his wife was behind the whole murder as she was actually the one having an affair.
@alioffski454 жыл бұрын
I love these old shows.Partly because of the fashion, dodgy haircuts,cars and relatively empty roads.It seem like a different world .
@MosesDeLaRoses2 жыл бұрын
Homicide rates were through the roof though. And if Crimewatch is anything to go by, if you did get topped, it was a 50/50 chance your killer would ever be brought to justice
@treasurehunteruk97182 жыл бұрын
@@MosesDeLaRoses Most of these old ones are still unsolved.
@MosesDeLaRoses2 жыл бұрын
@@treasurehunteruk9718 Agreed. 1990 only about a third were solved
@PESChamp087 жыл бұрын
thanks for uploading - do you have any more episodes?
@kebabtank6 жыл бұрын
Excellent video and thankfully most of these cases have been solved. At about the same time, there was a very good programme about forensic pathology and how it was used to solve murder cases. Do you remember it? Or better yet, have any old videos. As I say, I cannot remember the name, but the opening titles had a saxophone playing if that helps. All the best.
@miagalore16 күн бұрын
Indelible evidence, I'm sure the episodes are on here.
@georginacat76676 жыл бұрын
Its so sad... some of these actors will still be bringing out their old vhs every xmas to show their friends and family the day they were famous.
@bilindalaw-morley1614 жыл бұрын
georgina cat nah.....you can put them on a disc or a thumb-drive. No need for dried out old vhs tapes.
@snowbelle747 жыл бұрын
If those gawping neighbours had called the police sooner for Mick Pritchard it might have helped
@arshadasghar99367 жыл бұрын
Helped in what way?
@RoyalWatcher19857 жыл бұрын
I agree. As soon as they saw his van was being stolen, they should have called 999.
@K1C2F3A46 жыл бұрын
Probably didn't have a phone 😬
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
I agree. They literally watched him struggle and get run over, THEN decided to call 999
@mucf99613 жыл бұрын
1ne They phoned an ambulance so they had one
@rayfinch23487 жыл бұрын
I see a man he had a beard I thought that was strange In the summer.....:-)
@perky26hughes7 жыл бұрын
Ray Finch 😆
@rayfinch23487 жыл бұрын
Gervan Simon :-o
@tashachaney86176 жыл бұрын
sounds like Peter kay's impersonation of crime watch on his stand up tour!
@rachgabbitas80106 жыл бұрын
Ray Finch lol :)
@Joanna74286 жыл бұрын
Hahahaha !
@tibikeresztes82072 жыл бұрын
@1:51 The actor sounds like Terry Tibbs; "Talk to me"
@rayoflight65057 жыл бұрын
Don't know why I watch this as I know I'll just get nightmares.
@perky26hughes7 жыл бұрын
smck 2016 Me too 😮
@jasonantigua68257 жыл бұрын
smck 2016 You’ll probably be safe,but the again...
@heraclitus91526 жыл бұрын
lock your doors folks, sleep tight!
@rutter1ify6 жыл бұрын
Me too, I feel scared now😨
@mikh847 жыл бұрын
When the Shirley Leach reconstruction was aired in 1994 it kind of spooked me a bit when you hear the scream from the toilets.
@jasonantigua68257 жыл бұрын
Ripleyesque Women’s toilets are generally clean ! There’s exceptions don’t get me wrong,but guys toilets...
@PC-lu3zf7 жыл бұрын
The voice on the tape was the killer of the Fullers his name was Stephen young was sent to Jail in 1994 he killed them to rob them so terrible.
@eddmullen18356 жыл бұрын
P C did they get him bècause of crimewatch ?
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
Hes always protested his innocence
@eddmullen18356 жыл бұрын
J C still don't know if they got him because of crimewatch?? And they all say their innocent? ?
6 жыл бұрын
Edd Mullen The Karl Watson, the man convicted of killing John Shippey has spent over 20 years in prison and has always pleaded his innocence. Having read the case summary and the prosecution evidence relied upon i would say that this was a grave miscarriage of justice.
@treasurehunteruk97182 жыл бұрын
@@eddmullen1835 They're innocent!
@susandruce10647 жыл бұрын
2.26 for a pct of embassy....and I remember it too...nearly 9 pounds now....and postman that early...ah the good ole days....well not the murders obviously.
@berlinocelot6 жыл бұрын
lol
@coccinelle806 жыл бұрын
After watching a few Crimewatch episodes, I am afraid to go to a British pub!! So many victims seem to frequent them, and killed after leaving one
@HopelessSinner6 жыл бұрын
coccinelle80, don't worry, there's not many British pubs left now! 😟
@coccinelle806 жыл бұрын
suzanne cox really? Why is that? I live in Canada, so I have no idea about that
@HopelessSinner6 жыл бұрын
coccinelle80 , partly due to the introduction of the smoking ban meaning drinkers now have to smoke outside the premises, not pleasant on a rainy night! Also due to the economy. Many, many pubs have shut down in the last few years.
@Tiger-lg5of6 жыл бұрын
Those days are gone, its the internet thats closed them, plus its cheaper to buy booze from the supermarket and drink at home.
@coccinelle806 жыл бұрын
TheSnakeGaming that’s upsetting, pubs can be a great place to socialize
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
I think some cases show the ignorance of some people. Screams and shouts of 'no' and nothing done. Screams in the middle of the night 'thought it was a late party'
@JayKhwaja6 жыл бұрын
What I miss most about yesterday's TV is there was far more impact and meaning than what we're faced with today, not to mention that people were far more friendlier than compared to now. God, I really wish we could return to simpler times of before, sigh 😢🙏
@kailashpatel17066 жыл бұрын
There is a gritty realism about the TV back then that was much better...
@zeddeka Жыл бұрын
Mate, life wasn't better back then. Britain was a grey, run down place riddled with poverty and the highest violent crime rate in Europe. What you are basically saying is that you want to be young again. Please don't confuse that with thinking the 80s were a better era, because they certainly were not.
@JayKhwaja Жыл бұрын
@th8257 I know what you mean, but opinions vary, but I get what you say, though, as I can imagine how it must've been back then.
@rlhb19666 жыл бұрын
omg why is a affair the first thing people think of. good show thanks for the upload
@almadavis82746 жыл бұрын
Just because they don't show up at your house at 6:30 doesn't mean they don't begin at that time.
@redcard74756 жыл бұрын
If you are interested I have uploaded the first crimewatch including the Colette Aram murder: kzbin.info/www/bejne/p6PdiXusrMRlnas
@arshadasghar99367 жыл бұрын
At 44:35 mins, a common pen that cost £32? That was a lot of money in the 1980s. Even these days, parker pens sell for much less. Couldn't have been very common at those prices.
@Hi-kq1vi7 жыл бұрын
Common in that it was sold at most stationers, I used to work in one & the prices ranged from five quid or so for a Parker Jotter up to 50 or 60 quid for a top range Sheaffer or L' Plume fountain pen. Some rich people would order one that could be 100-200 quid. the more expensive ones that weren't on a hanging blister pack were kept under lock & key.
@arshadasghar99367 жыл бұрын
ok, understood. Thanks
@jasonantigua68257 жыл бұрын
Hi under lock and key away from you ! Haha
@Hi-kq1vi7 жыл бұрын
I had the key.
@jasonantigua68257 жыл бұрын
Hi Was you ever tempted ?
@marycull36076 жыл бұрын
Guy acting syrangely wearing a canary yellow tracksuit.
@McIntyreBible Жыл бұрын
1:04:54, I wish I was as close with my grandmother as he was. I really never knew my grandmothers; they both passed away when I was young.
@MrPanacea9994 жыл бұрын
You say the John Shippey murder is solved but there is widespread doubt in the conviction of Karl Watson for the murder.
@petejohnson426 жыл бұрын
.... hairs on the back of the neck ! Dina Macnicol/Peter Tobin - wrong place, wrong time !
@j0nnyism4 жыл бұрын
She was the same age as me. Remembering that makes me feel like all life is inevitable loss. Some are just more tragic
@pauljosham2551 Жыл бұрын
I remember the Dinah mchnicol one ,but I don't think I've seen the rest of them...I love crimewatch I always watch these on KZbin
@ryanhibbard60107 жыл бұрын
Not 100% sure that Arthur Brumhill has been solved, the trail recently returned a not guilty verdict.
@futureisgosub7 жыл бұрын
thanks now amended
@spike1970477 жыл бұрын
The murders of Karen Hale & David Short are particularly interesting cases. Was Karen's partner ever under suspicion at all? Police have theorised that it's likely that Karen very likely knew her killer. The David Short case is very baffling & a frustrating. Nearly 30 years on & the police are no closer to finding who the murderer is.
@isaz5977 жыл бұрын
Stephen ryder Even though the husband or boyfriend are always the first under suspension Karen's parents provided him with the perfect alibi as they saw him at work. I still think most unsolved murders are by partners or ex partners having some involvement or someone close to the victim. The Keith Slater murder although it's been solved the murderer Martin Brown says he killed him for someone else. I think it was clearly shown in the reconstruction that Brown didn't know Slater because he asked his name before killing him. Slater's wife was having an affair & her lover was a suspect. Brown said a few others were involved one whom lives abroad & the other he didn't name but it's understood to be Mrs. Slater's lover at the time who Brown didn't name (it could be because he's a well known higher up criminal). Like you I think Karen hales' partner could've had some involvement in her murder.
@Freshy0096 жыл бұрын
I remember reading that Karen Hales' partner Peter was suspected, but the police simply have no evidence. If true, the parent's alibi for Peter maybe a red herring, as he may well have committed the crime prior to going to work.
@mucf99613 жыл бұрын
But 3 people saw the guy with the Parker @3different occasions
@scallopohare94312 жыл бұрын
Rather frivolous note, now I know where the US tv show "Homicide" got the name "Barnfather" for one of its characters.
@FLOSSYTREADWELL6 жыл бұрын
Huh like how they accuse the driving instructor of having probable affairs when the culprit was organised by his wife's lover . Wonder how many other assumptions they make which are way off besmirching victims characters
@JC-ss7xy6 жыл бұрын
Janet Taylor has that ever been confirmed?...i read that Martin Brown named his accomplice but the old bill had no evidence to convict.
@joshuaferguson6986 жыл бұрын
I like that Arthur didnt assume the guinea pig’s gender, what a good man
@2-scoops9756 жыл бұрын
where did you find these reconstructions? I'm trying to find the reconstruction of David Ungi's murder.
@perky26hughes7 жыл бұрын
16:49 - Err can you adjust the tracking please? 😉
@lisamarie73806 жыл бұрын
Bright yellow track suit jogging down the street, with blood on the middle of his chest? really?
@treasurehunteruk97182 жыл бұрын
I was thinking not many men wear yellow!
@gaylewillmott36746 жыл бұрын
£2:26 for 20 Embassy no1 OMG! £11:45 now
@bearcat12836 жыл бұрын
So silly risking your life to protect few parcels and an old van. Thinking doesn't hurt stupidity often does.
@MrAshleywilkinson6 жыл бұрын
So many stabbing deaths even back then it's a serious problem now like
@bluemoon56626 жыл бұрын
Did they investigate the husband of Jacqueline Palmer-Radford? A very strange case which is all the more suspect due to the break up of the marriage and the sale of the house!
@treasurehunteruk97182 жыл бұрын
This has fascinated me for years. I keep going back to it, to see if it was solved. They would have checked the Hubby out though, spouses are aways the first to be eliminated.
@McIntyreBible Жыл бұрын
20:22, Tracy, you don't sound too broken up over the murder of your mom!
@coccinelle806 жыл бұрын
I love this show to learn different British accents
@tomwatson24306 жыл бұрын
coccinelle80 I live in the West Yorkshire area of the uk and the accent is a very different way of speaking and the distance is not even 7 miles away!, the difference between the Barnsley and the Huddersfield accent is a classic
@coccinelle806 жыл бұрын
Tom Watson well I guess it’s like that everywhere. I live in Montréal, and the accents differ all over the city. Some have strong Québécois accents, some sound almost American. It goes to show that you cannot always pinpoint where someone comes from by their accent. New York city is like that too, such a plethora of various accents, ranging from the stereotypical Brooklyn accent, to a posh, worldly Manhattan resident
@jamespm1994 Жыл бұрын
I see that shippey murder was solved - anyone know the motive/reason?
@McIntyreBible Жыл бұрын
53:35, your wasting your time inspector appealing to a criminal to give himself up; it just doesn't happen in real life!
@invisiblemaninvisibleman209728 күн бұрын
Haha…. What a silly Billy
@pandymcCoCo5 жыл бұрын
Wasn't Arthur Brumhill killed by a disgruntled ex employee??
@mucf99613 жыл бұрын
He was let go
@fionagregory79366 жыл бұрын
BBC sounds so old fashioned now
@tomwatson24306 жыл бұрын
Fiona Gregory I love how the British presenters on the television were so well spoken compared with today's bizarre mixture of common sounding weirdos
@tomwatson24306 жыл бұрын
Fiona Gregory at least the black people of Britain were able to pronounce the simplest of words that is the word ask!, I got told that the person that I had asked was looking forward to axing me something serious and I don't know whether he is wanting to kill me or ask me a question?. I don't know if it's a cultural difference or a physical condition that is causing the phenomenon but it is annoying to hear professional people who cannot speak the English word ask!. Anyone have any aswerns?
@treasurehunteruk97182 жыл бұрын
@@tomwatson2430 Arks!
@1987djm6 жыл бұрын
The court was told that she had had a five-month affair the year before the killing but was reconciled to her husband. Brown, who denies murder, was a friend of Mrs Slater's former lover Joe Henry. This was the only link between the accused and his victim and is thought to have been the catalyst for the murder, the court heard....so if she never had that affair this poor guy would still be alive ,she must feel guilty as fuck and so she should its her fault really........many wont agree but it is true!
@FaisalB-no8gc26 күн бұрын
How did harry met Nicola ? ,
@asimiqbal74216 жыл бұрын
£2.26 for a packet of cigarettes omg 😂
@zeddeka Жыл бұрын
£2.26 worth an awful lot more in real terms than £2.26 now. To put it in perspective, one of my friends used to have a Saturday job in House of Fraser in 1994. They used to pay him £1 an hour. (!!!!!)
@vicentepulido92166 жыл бұрын
Sound like growling before they hung the phone up
@marklittler7847 жыл бұрын
Looks like a killer could of viewed comings and goings from the house in Karen Hales case and caught her out by almost immediately knocking on the door after her fiance left and her re-opening the door thinking it was him forgetting something.
@Aarontlondon7 жыл бұрын
Mark C Littler The word 'of' should not be used instead of 'have'.
@marklittler7847 жыл бұрын
AAron Thom Good detective work.
@chriswaring5565 Жыл бұрын
DOES THE SUSPECTS ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE THEIR PHOTO FITS?
@Bishy756 жыл бұрын
£2.26 for 20 embassy no1. Those were the days
@amandacoglan88495 жыл бұрын
yesh but they only earmed 60_ 80 pound a week .its all relative !
@treasurehunteruk97182 жыл бұрын
In the mid-eighties, an employment agency told me I would need at least £6,000 a year to support myself in London. Imagine living on this sum today!!!! I worked full time and brought home £68 a week, for a clerical job. Boots and Holland and Barrett paid the same, as did a hotel and opticians receptionist. Average salary for 84/85.
@bobs.stevenson97046 жыл бұрын
are 'nearby gypsy camp' s common in britain? I've never heard of the term let alone it just being so blase about it.
@BossySwan7 жыл бұрын
Ford must have sponsored all these reconstructions!
@sarahmiller47342 жыл бұрын
No, just everybody either had a Ford or a Vauxhall back then. Bloody nightmare waiting for your parents to collect you from somewhere when every mother seemed to have an Mk 4 Escort
@rockclimbingskills6 жыл бұрын
I no who did it. It was Rolf Harris.
@jessicafarky42062 жыл бұрын
No sound
@lisamarie73806 жыл бұрын
is it me or are the british very observant witness's or incredibly nosy? they know and just happen to notice, what time it is, and how odd it is, and just got my attention for some reason? lol
@rutter1ify6 жыл бұрын
Lisa Marie yes we are nosey lol😁
@Tiger-lg5of6 жыл бұрын
Because the population lives on top of each other, you cant move without bumping into somebody.
@chloet1826 жыл бұрын
Nosey as all heck ..half the street I grew up on would have been able to tell you what I had eaten for dinner on any given day 😂
@billyray11726 жыл бұрын
It became a joke amongst friends, whenever one of us would see someone who we thought was acting "dodgy", we would bring it to everyone's attention and we would comment on what they were wearing and what time it was and where they looked to be heading, just in case we saw something on crimewatch.
@ptics63296 жыл бұрын
The police sketch 😂😂😂😂
@RoyalWatcher19857 жыл бұрын
What was the motive for this crime (running over Mitch Pritchard)? Just joyriding?
@peteravella45796 жыл бұрын
Very Sad.
@oftenrebellious52666 жыл бұрын
I grew up in South Croydon.
@1987djm6 жыл бұрын
Did ye aye.....
@rhondaj55736 жыл бұрын
At 1:11 white driving he has a woman in the backseat and a man in his passenger mirror XX
@dave63865 жыл бұрын
I paused it and went back a few seconds before 1:11 and after. I don't see the man and woman you're saying you see.
@dave63865 жыл бұрын
Unless you're talking about reflections in the windows of the car? I looked and I suppose I can make out a few faces at various times. It's common isn't it. To see faces in things. :)
@kirstm.22156 жыл бұрын
£2.66 for 20 embassy 😲
@avalonpark15746 жыл бұрын
Most of these crimes most likely has been solved now do to DNA.
@matinhewing17 жыл бұрын
Thanks),
@TProfileG6 жыл бұрын
£2.26 FOR 20 CIGARETTES!
@Kimhalvor6 жыл бұрын
Simon Wright in Denmark we pay nearly 5 english pound for a 20 Pack! Ten years ago we could buy a 20 Pack for half the price we Are paying today!✌😯😝😷😎
@thepeoplesmovies16 жыл бұрын
"tweet tweet"
@suebright32896 жыл бұрын
!
@mucf99613 жыл бұрын
!!
@barrybwfc6 жыл бұрын
I think everyone should have DNA put on a database, even from birth!!