Plate Tectonics, 540Ma - Modern World - Scotese Animation 022116b

[@manesalinasrdz]

Dear Christopher, your recreation of the tectonic plates has made me extremely happy, I am a biologist and I teach biogeography in Querétaro Mexico and I am captivated by your research and in this video by the masterful way of doing it with the Danse macabre. I send you hugs and I thank you for sharing your findings in such a beautiful way.

[@George83_Thomas]

The music is unbearably cheerful I can't imagine the work required to add the current borders and the smooth animation

[@pbrower2a1]

Danse macabre, by Camille Saint-Saens. The dead rise from the grave by night and have some fun. After being cooped up as they had been as they had been in their coffins, it would have to be a joyous occasion for them.

[@MrKmanthie]

George Thomas LOL "unbearably cheerful" ...are you, like, a "goth", as far as your musical tastes go? Are the tunes on The Cure's (IMO, best album) Pornography or pick any of the 1st 2 or 3 Bauhaus albums or the 2 studio Joy Divisions (or the double-live album, STILL, which, cool enough, has, taking up 1 out of 4 sides, the Velvet Underground's 17+ minute freak-out from WHITE LIGHT/WHITE HEAT, "Sister Ray")? Anyway "unbearably cheerful" or otherwise (well, yes, it certainly isn't heavy like a Wagner opera or a Mahler symphony), "Danse Macabre" is a very catchy tune. It is a great classic. But, I can see how, if you listened to it over & over & over again, it just might get old & its cheerfulness or whatever could "wear out its welcome", so to speak. I could, I suppose, if I thought about it long enough, come up with a few examples of songs that really, without a doubt "unbearably cheerful" and, even to me, that sort of quality would be off-putting, to say the least!! LOL ;-)

[@jeefpeef5983]

@@MrKmanthie oh fuck off, he's entitled to his own opinions you twat

[@bulletsfordinner8307]

@@MrKmanthie he's saying for the subject this music is a bit off... And other people agree too so. People are allowed to have an opinion

[@LJMadrigalMusic]

@@pbrower2a1 so that's why the motiff of the piece sounds like the Fossils from Saint-Seans' Carnival Of The Animals.

[@beatriceblocks221]

This video was very helpful. My students loved seeing the gradual changes in the earth's landmasses and how they came together. It was also great that there was no one providing a narrative because I developed a lesson where my students were the narrators and they had to describe and explain what was happening. Awesome video!!

[@cscotese]

Thanks for the thoughtful comments. Good to know my work is useful. - CRScotese

[@gijs-janbruil6738]

For me, this is an example of what KZbin- , or, for that matter, pictural or filmic content in Internet should be!

[@arendstunes1891]

AWESOME lesson idea!!

[@BuriedFlame]

Would have been interesting to narrate India's "No braaaaaaaakes!!!" introduction to Eurasia :)

[@กิตติศักดิ์นุ่นจํานงค์]

@@cscotese 😀

[@daniell1483]

I've seen this animation floating around the internet and have been searching for the source for a little over a year now. So glad to have finally found the source!

[@HeadsetHatGuy]

5:30-5:47 Music fits in perfectly as India moves towards Asia

[@ra_alf9467]

But it end too soon, before India touch asia

[@hihere4553]

I heard Reich tangle many times In Countryballs

[@jimmylung3752]

And Make Himalaya

[@radil5436]

@@hihere4553 😂😂

[@dirtynessenjoyer]

India be like "gas gas gas!"

[@ralphcanonero8071]

wow india's collision with asia was devastating

[@vivekraven]

Ralph Cañonero And resulted in Himalaya....one of the amazing places on earth!!

[@jamm6_514]

it looked like a torpedo colliding against asia

[@eptaesque]

Ralph Cañonero and philippines

[@calebshockency2083]

Yeah, millions of years with Pakistan as your neighbor isn't the best place to be.

[@reseviladik]

Caleb Shockency lol why

[@rounak_Geologist]

Beautiful! As a geology student this is the best animation I've seen so far!

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

Absolutely stupid anination. All the "plate tectonics" is poor fantasy. The Earth is definitely expanding!

[@nancytestani1470]

Yes, I love the animation…woo wee

[@ElsieDreamWorld]

This is fantastic! The best plate tectonics animation I’ve ever seen. Settles my doubt about where the Chicxulub Asteroid Impact really was 65 million years ago, as I’ve always wondered its real position with the plates movements. Thank you so much for this!

[@pollyb.4648]

I love it too! As I watched twice I wondered if there would be movement because of that impact. Doesn't seem to be...

[@laural3738]

I have always been fascinated by the geological history of the earth since I was a child and every time I look at a landscape feature I can not help but imagine the forces of nature that have shaped it. When I walk in the mountains of the Italian Apennines during my hikes I can not help but think that the limestone on which I lay my feet once was the backdrop of an ancient sea and when I am in the Alps and observe the contortions of the rocky folds I am amazed to think about what incredible forces might have bent the earth's crust like that. Our planet becomes even more beautiful when one imagines it in motion as if it were a living thing. Many thanks for your awesome work. T.

[@cscotese]

Thank you for your thoughtful and kind comments. _ CRScotese

[@armanke13]

found your work referenced on recent PBS Eons video, great work.. thanks

[@theswift6093]

Madgascar: no man i am tired...i'll rest in Africa

[@fishiswaht]

India: okay bro I’ll be in Asia bye

[@ariannagorbet2239]

⁠@@fishiswaht Madagascar: Bye India!

[@taffzickafoose8547]

It's funny that you just posted this (sort of) recently. Just today I found some old Discover Magazines in my attic and randomly picked up the November 1982 issue where you were cited heavily in the cover story. You were 29 at the time. The story piqued my interest in how the theory had evolved in the last 34 yrs, so I googled it and found that you're the biggest authority on the subject. This is great. I noticed that at the beginning, the land masses are sort of meandering about until we reach the Silurian Period about 420 million years ago. Is that my imagination? If not, what drove the acceleration of change at that time?

[@cscotese]

That is kind of weird!

[@joteoprop]

What Is This Music?

[@guangzhousubway1978]

Tes

[@guangzhousubway1978]

Christopher Scotese t

[@MrKmanthie]

DUH!!!

[@raymondj.2351]

Outstanding work Mr. Scotese!!

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

Absolutely stupid anination. All the "plate tectonics" is poor fantasy. The Earth is definitely expanding!

[@johnlester2716]

I would really like to see a Southern perspective.Australia,Antartica,New Zealand.Awesome work,much appreciated

[@itzyaboiiwill-gamingyeet8245]

Millions of years ago Australia NZ Tibet India Bangladesh Half of Pakistan Antarctica PNG Half of Indonesia Brazil Uruguay Paraguay Guyana’s Argentina Colombia Ecuador Rest of South America Africa Middle east

[@archstanton_live]

@@itzyaboiiwill-gamingyeet8245, I believe that John was asking for a southern polar axis perspective map. I can appreciate that many in the southern hemisphere sometimes feel neglected by those in the north. I also would like a southern polar axis map because this version so distorts the compression of Antarctica.

[@deborahberrill5435]

Fabulous!! Beautifully done with the contemporary geopolitical maps underlying the movement: that makes these extremely helpful and accessible to novices as well as those in the field. Brilliant!

[@wiederecovsky]

Mr. Scotese, thanks for the excellent video. I used it to illustrate to architecture students the colossal forces that shape the Earth's relief.

[@LeonardoRibeirodaCosta]

Outstanding! Remarcable work. Congratulations.

[@reseviladik]

Leonardo Ribeiro da Costa you are right sir

[@Ready4Music]

@Sternia Hoenheim Agreed about that. 😂👌

[@ashvathsood2863]

3:15 that's a big Saudi Arabia

[@redoktober8164]

That's so true LOLOLOLOLOLOLOL

[@yelloman_]

F U

[@mmxvii-17]

And iran

[@adnanadill]

In period of Dinosaurs and Adam AS earth was One Super Continent Pangaea. أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿الأنبياء:٣٠﴾ Did not the disbelievers observe that the heavens and the earth were together (Super Continent)? Then We parted them, and We made every living thing from water? So will they not believe (In 1 mighty God)? 21:30. The drift of continents and creation of mountains is like, movement of Clouds 27:88. وَتَرَى الْجِبَالَ تَحْسَبُهَا جَامِدَةً وَهِيَ تَمُرُّ مَرَّ السَّحَابِ صُنْعَ اللَّـهِ الَّذِي أَتْقَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِنَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَفْعَلُونَ ﴿النمل: ٨٨﴾ And you see the high lands and think they are stationary? But they are moving, like movements of Clouds. Allah designed everything with technique, Verily He controls/know every movement 27:88

[@thebubbleteavibe]

@@adnanadill Subhanallah!

[@SteenKolds]

It would also be interesting to see a projection of how earth will look like the next couple of million years

[@silly-si8zh]

There is a theory that shows what this could look like based on the directions the continents are going now! It's called Pangaea Proxima.

[@Pangea410]

Did you know there is an 8th continent? It is New Zealand because it is actually big as Australia and if you look closely in google maps if you see that it is big then you have really good eyes.

[@KreeFreee]

India: "IM GOING TO GET YOU-" _explodes and turns into a mountain_

[@Yeahwecanplaythat]

|itqlic|

[@fabriciomedina447]

…

[@mogivice5361]

Absolutely outstanding. I studied geology 40 years ago, and not only such CG techniques dind't exixst, but nobody even knew how the Earth could look like at so early stages... Mogi Vicentini (Italy)

[@cscotese]

Thank you for your kind comments. Chris Scotese

[@jboosa]

Switch to biology… Cuz it's wasn't rock to start... And it wasn't anything like this foolishness...

[@ChrisCrossClash]

John Blecha idiot.

[@ashajacob8362]

​@@jboosafoolishness is your comment this is not a story boomer

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

@@cscotese Unfortunately, this is poor fantasy. The Earth is expanding in fact.

[@bluenosedfish3839]

India is like MY PEOPLE NEED ME ANTARCTICA!

[@米空軍パイロット]

Set course for Asia. RAMMING SPEED!

[@osirisbr2494]

All the other continents are funny 3:43

[@Ssusan69]

India zooming up to Asia always cracks me up

[@srinitaaigaura]

Full speed ahead! 15 cm per year! By tectonic standards, that is an Olympic record.

[@nothingexists5066]

Antarctica should be part of India We colonize there 😂😂

[@guangzhousubway1978]

Plate Tectonics before Rodina and Godwana?

[@inkygzn]

And Columbia, and atlantica?

[@quanduid9690]

InkyGzN and arctica and ur?

[@dat1pengu1n]

and before vaalbara?

[@dat1pengu1n]

@Ethan Nguyen yes, and before that a ball of flaming rocks wait

[@dat1pengu1n]

@@Agvazela_Vega i was trying to reference bill wurtz, yea ok

[@lundondadony2618]

My classes loves reviewing Geopatial Data from these videos and National Geographic

[@gavinclaron8372]

5:29 to 6:12 The Philippines.🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭

[@icesqueak6829]

The Philippines.🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭

[@yeetthephone2341]

it seems that we came from the woter

[@tomgucwa7319]

A nearly perfect music choice , light an lively an fun ... Bravo!

[@charlesmartin1121]

Absolutely superb! Thanks for posting this. I love how the continents rotate as they move. Probably makes it a lot more complicated to figure out paleolatitudes.

[@ElsieDreamWorld]

Your name sounded too familiar, just checked your channel. What a gift, I have lots to see now. Thanks !

[@patrickbrumm420]

I used to dig for quartz in Arkansas, and was told it all formed during mountain building 300,000,000 years ago. Now I see how & why! Thanks!

[@GracielaVujovich]

Fantastic, I will proyect your videos in my Historical Geology classes at Dpto. Geology, University of Buenos Aires. Prof. Graciela Vujovich

[@cscotese]

Thank you!

[@meefdesu3597]

+Christopher Scotese which is the music?

[@jorgeheribertocifuentes8259]

Saint-Saëns: Danse Macabre

[@joteoprop]

What Is The Song?

[@BFDT-4]

But what are the performers? Or performer?

[@blerinaxhani7060]

from 5:30 to 5:38 it was my favourite part of the song.

[@themohit3648]

Because it was a farewell song to India

[@hihere4553]

Mee too

[@ReneeJ0912]

I thought this video was lost with the music

[@gerritduplessis7122]

THANK YOU!! INCREDIBLE WORK!! VERY MUCH APPRECIATED!! BLESSINGS!!

[@alexiadamasceno1255]

2:42 the great lowercase letter e

[@PolandBoy-ge2us]

Ah yes the lowercase E always iconic

[@AbdelrahmanAlamin-u3h]

2:42

[@AbdelrahmanAlamin-u3h]

2:45

[@AbdelrahmanAlamin-u3h]

2:30

[@earlehugens8070]

hello from that place where you read it..and for so many years want to see it..Dr. Scotese I think you have known that place..and you wanted to see it too..so you made it. What you have made in these videos is the artists downward from the heavens view of what is the fluidity of this molten core eggshell crusted planetary phenomenon... a wonder..thank you

[@jupitersgodzilla7114]

*You EARNED A SUB!* (*Awesome Animation, Especially with the Modern Map Imposed In...*)

[@sumeetsingh6149]

It's when India started to break away in mid Jurassic, I got goosebumps. The music fits so well. If you look closely, it shows how India during it's drift left some of it portions in the Indian ocean, eg the Kerguelen plateau separated from East part through 90°E ridge. This is just very informative.

[@ChrisCrossClash]

It’s not all about India you know.

[@sumeetsingh6149]

@@ChrisCrossClash it is Chris.. you go and study any book on plate tectonics, you will find India and its tectonic evolution in it's core. No other plate suffered this much drifting and tectonic activity as Indian plate did right from the Precambrian to present.

[@ChrisCrossClash]

@@sumeetsingh6149 Bullshit, the original plate tectonics came from Africa and Australia not India.

[@cyruswest7986]

@@ChrisCrossClash Well, you cannot be sure on that. Tectonic plates tend to break apart and join multiple times.

[@bryanhead2670]

Nice to see how ireland and britain formed from two separate land masses! I remember reading this in 1980s from publications about scotland and its formatation!

[@veggieboyultimate]

This really paints an accurate picture on how the continents have changed over time

[@virginiact2974]

Grandioso! Es un verdadero placer asombroso, contemplar esta obra de arte. Felicitaciones totales!!!

[@israeldesouza4987]

ótimo vídeo aula professor! Parabéns pelo seu trabalho! gostaria de ver um vídeo assim com essa qualidade sobre hipóteses para o futuro

[@fleurtastic2203]

4:08 rest in peace pangea

[@rogerreep7795]

Thank you for your meticulous recreations of our planet's history!

[@Talleyhoooo]

Agreed! The work is appreciated

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

@@Talleyhoooo Absolutely stupid anination. All the "plate tectonics" is poor fantasy. The Earth is definitely expanding!

[@Talleyhoooo]

@@Anatoly-Cherep iron only expands up to 0.1 % when heated, meaning that even without gravitational pressure pulling the mantle and core inward, that would only be an expansion about the width of Iceland over Earth’s entire history… what would even make you think that’s possible?

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

@@Talleyhoooo Hello! The Earth has grown almost TWO times during the last 150-160 mln years. This is not a fantasy. This figure could be obtained from the current ratio of the continental and ocenic crust: 40% and 60%. All the oceanic crust is not older than 150-160 mln years. Now we live in the epoch of the oceanic development of the Earth. Most likely the earth will grow further and become something like Jupiter in a billion years or so... The Earth is an open system and absorbs something from the Space.

[@syfilcustodio8741]

Is that continent drinking soda 2:46

[@sharmadronamraju8224]

It is interesting to read all the comments here . Amazing animation.

[@cetyl2626]

Awesome! Finally a slow animation which leaves time to study, along with the projection of modern day countries!

[@robertemmons2260]

Wow, another video of how the continents had formed over time. The things that ALWAYS get overlooked are how the continents have uplifted, contracted, expanded or have undergone subduction due to extreme plate tectonic pressures.

[@chrisclarke8909]

I'm just reading an intro to Nova Scotia geology. I find it very interesting how parts of NS, Cape Breton and NFLD were all connected to bits of Ireland and Scotland with eastern Cape Breton, the Avalon Peninsula being attached to Wales. Great animation Chris! There was a link in the NS Geology book (Hickman and Barr 2015).

[@cyberlaurent2101]

Fascinant. Merci depuis Paris !

[@pilgrimhere652]

60 millions years ago?? Dinosaurs ? That space camera sure last a long time without a battery.

[@aaronsrok3422]

Oh wow so the rockies have been around since the triassic that's amazing

[@fideliamarialorenzoni657]

Muito boa esta animação, perfeita. É como se víssemos o nascimento de uma criatura. Lindo! PARABÉNS!

[@japanesesaveukrainebangabb3337]

...

[@ameliawarfield5637]

Very accurate. This informative video should get an award!

[@taniacarolinahoyosruiz6449]

woow! Fascinante conocer la historia de los continentes con un vídeo y tan agradable música.

[@AlamonZhore]

This is great! Thank you so much. I'm looking to find it backwards to help me better keep my bearings

[@nixhex12]

My brain ceases comprehension at the projective modeling. Instead of trying to understand, I will just with it!

[@kerb525]

These are one of those types of videos that after a day they get hit by a million views

[@Bertoblam1]

All dislikes from creationists and flat earth nuts. Yeah those geological scientists just made this up for laughs.... right? Hundreds of years of research? Pfffffft

[@relebogilematlala4386]

I love the way India plate moves north towards aisa. Man that's status and so billant

[@frenio79i646]

Awesome, I was waiting for updated plate tectonic evolution video ! By the way, Is this possible You could share your paleoreconstructions data for GPlates, Professor ?

[@cscotese]

You can download a GPlates version of the PALEOMAP PaleoAtlas at: www.earthbyte.org/paleomap-paleoatlas-for-gplates/

[@saulwarren9611]

wow, amazing. I am blown away....the whole of Latin America, Mexico, united states, Canada as we know it today was once apart of the mother land, that is Africa. Wow who would have thought Madagascar was once apart of India! and that India travelled sooo far to join what is now known as Asia. It's no wonder why they called it "The Indian sea" haha omg..I have learnt so much from this, thank you very much Christopher.

[@TheRolemodel1337]

i would love to see a 3D google earth style model of this

[@czechslovakian]

I know it exists, but I can’t remember where...

[@bulletsfordinner8307]

Me too

[@thomasneal9291]

@@czechslovakian here: dinosaurpictures.org/ancient-earth#300

[@marcelosoutocamiou9363]

My first video on your channel. Congratulation, you have a new fans, and subscriber. Hugs from Uruguay

[@pleuky]

Best one yet!

[@relebogilematlala4386]

Africa plate move far away from North America plate this is so amazing and so cool

[@The._official._Asher21]

5:30 *philippines joined the chat* hi guys im new-

[@فضاءشاسع-ط2ش]

البعض لا يصدق بنظرية تزحح القارات لأنهم لايدرسون الجيولوجيا وعلم طبقات الأرض وحركة الأرض فما الشيئ الذي أدى لتزحح القارات هي حركة الصفائح القارية و التيكتونية و الزلازل عبر ملاين السنين وما الذي أدى لتكون أغلبية الجزر هي صعود صهارة من البراكين تحت الماء طبعا بعض الجزائرين عندما يقرؤون التعليق بالغة العربية تحت فيديو باللغة الإنجليزية لايعرفون حتى بوجود ترجمة تحت الفيديو

[@SnowysSweetsOfficial]

Song: Danse Macabre (No violin) by Kevin Macleod

[@khunpraewkha]

I got the answer even though I haven't asked yet.

[@eduardobagagli8998]

Congratulations for the amazing work. Fantastic.

[@nayR5]

All of human history happened in the last ten seconds.

[@NotFirzik]

Oh my god , time is fast , 2016 is 8 year old

[@bojabang2188]

When oceans form, for instance the Atlantic from the Jurassic-present, is all of the basaltic crust formed from volcanism in ocean ridges or is it more of an intrusion of basalt?

[@torna2508]

This deserves millions of views.

[@stridersstuff665]

Notice how the UK looks like it does today at 4:30 - dissappears and reappears a minute later looking the same 😂😂

[@ZaphodBeeb1]

No, it doesn't form a recognisable shape until 5.46. Earlier you're looking at a "drawn on" outline that indicates where the UK forms.

[@MrTimothytim]

Good proper work, also i play the video the first time for that The other 8 times for the quality music

[@wdwerker]

This animation makes the concept of plate tectonics so easy to follow and understand !

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

Absolutely stupid anination. All the "plate tectonics" is poor fantasy. The Earth is definitely expanding!

[@harryedwards4080]

If you have ever wondered why the Scottish Highlands is so different from the Scottish Lowlands, well of you paused it at 1:16 you can see the point at which they join together having previously been separate from one another. The Highlands was part of that island which also contained parts of Greenland and even the North East corner of the USA. The Lowlands and England was actually below sea level before they came together except for what is now Cornwall,Devon and Southern Wales (and on closer look even the Southern tip of Ireland) which appears to have been a small island

[@gogo-vq4vr]

Indi didn`t STOP at the sign and therfore we have himalayas now

[@tennantsandstella]

lovely job - just what I was looking for.

[@chocochippington7186]

At 4:50 is my favourite part of the music

[@meefdesu3597]

Ikr

[@spirohoumpavlis798]

Chelsea Murphy?!!

[@flatlandriver2471]

Question?! I realize it’s been a few years but I found my way here searching for the origin of the present day string of “hills” in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and North Dakota. The Missouri Coteau, Pembina Hills, Riding Mountain, Duck Mountains… They first appear at 120, then seem to submerge and then become prominent again only towards the present. Were these originally rift volcanoes created as the continent stretched and thinned? Thank You

[@raniel2360]

Our country just rise up from the ocean at 5:39

[@TotallyNotAlan]

Raniel 23 where?

[@raniel2360]

Pacific ocean (Asia)

[@神谷雅基]

Raniel 23 🇮🇳？

[@greminboye]

So you’re a Filipino

[@S-T-E-V-E]

It's amazing that the British Isles and the Nordic Countries formed around 180 M years ago and pretty much stayed the same shape as the modern world formed around them!

[@thisissosadalexaplaydespac1918]

excuse me i was just wondering are tectonic plates dishwasher safe

[@cmonkey63]

Ha ha, good one. However, it is an old one. In fact, at the annual Geophysics convention it is simply given a number. (JK. I'm going to use this one.)

[@pabloreda9793]

This music is Danse Macabre by Kevin McLeod

[@Phranciscusmagnus]

Outstanding animation indeed. Can you do a tectonic evolution of Colombia (from 540 mya to 250 mya the future)? Thanks.

[@MrKmanthie]

Blanca Galeano that's the problem...duh.

[@bulletsfordinner8307]

Why wpuld he focus on a country where there were no countries back then? That's out of the question

[@fredaves268]

Wonderfull ! Many thanks for sharing your work Mister Scotese.

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

Absolutely stupid anination. All the "plate tectonics" is poor fantasy. The Earth is definitely expanding!

[@fredaves268]

@@Anatoly-Cherep nope you are wrong, the earth is flat and reptilians rules the world…

[@jolie8415]

6:04 state borders in oligocen? 😮

[@BirbBoiYT]

They were there the whole time.

[@alexandermurrayjones7911]

Great video, but I would like a different world perspective so that I can understand how the 2D video relates to a 3D world. Also, what distortions there are in this map--is this a Mercator type projection? Consider 520 mil years ago (Cambrian era -- about 15 seconds in), there is a large land map stretch across the bottom of the map.... is this just like modern Antarctica (where Mercator projections map it appear spread out much more than it is)?

[@silly-si8zh]

This is in Aitoff Projection.

[@dagrimboigamer4746]

5:27 When a hacker hacked reality.

[@srinitaaigaura]

After watching this forwards and backwards a couple of times, I see that the whole continent of Asia has been assembled from starting with just the Siberian craton alone in the last 500 million years!

[@floopersquid1636]

Love these animations! Any idea on when the next one will come out?

[@cscotese]

My latest paleoclimate animation is now available.

[@DanielWSonntag]

Amazing awesome

[@spazzarus]

1:20 nice

[@hovdata]

Well done

[@MichaelSHartman]

Thanks for the absorbing video. I tried to find the Russian Steppes whose volcanoes ended the Permian. There are so many interesting periods. It's a shame that so many people get stuck on dinosaurs.

[@Saled999]

I love rocks so much. So interesting!

[@janelwilliams3716]

2:58 THE SAUDI ARABIAN LAND OF KINGDOMS

[@BirbBoiYT]

I never noticed how much Pangea looks like the Middle East!

[@lindaostrand7589]

Interesting! Also the music is great!

[@arctic1932]

5:25 India be like: Wait for me guys!

[@radil5436]

Fall guys

[@davidhenningson4782]

Amazing work!!