Destruction of Kievan Rus - Mongol Conquest DOCUMENTARY

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Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Kievan Rus continues with an episode on the Mongol Invasion of Rus and the destruction that it brought. First by Jebe and Subutai, and the battle of Kalka and then Batu Khan and the wholesale destruction of the Rus cities.
Slavs and Vikings: Medieval Russia and the Origins of the Kievan Rus: • Slavs and Vikings: Med...
Early Rus Conquests: Viking Princes in Eastern Rome: • Early Rus Conquests: V...
How Rus became Christian: • How the Rus Became Chr...
Golden Age of Rus: • Golden Age of the Rus:...
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The video was made by our friend Michael Merc bit.ly/340tcO2 while the script was researched and written by Leo Stone, while Jack Wilson helped with the research. 2d art - John Lavrinenko ( / li.comics ) Animation - Vlad Krivokonev
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #KievanRus #Mongols

[@KingsandGenerals]

More Mongols? Yes.

[@opakular]

Great video!

[@49thParallelRockhound]

Never too many Mongol videos!

[@lunarphoenix1011]

Awesome video 👏

[@denniscleary7580]

Does a bear crap in the woods 👍

[@37butterflyprincess]

More Mongols AND more rus.

[@Alorand]

"Boss, that guy is so annoying everyone wants to kill him." "Fine, promote him to Envoy..."

[@ManiaGin]

It was always a easy way to get rid of your politcial enemy

[@mheekkim2901]

Mongolian: "Mother! I have been promoted!" His mother "Already? I knew they would recognize your talents! What are you now? Zuu>?Mingghan?" Mongolian : " Envoy! I get to represent the Khan!" His family : RIP (T~T)

[@brendangallagher1124]

This makes sense though. I mean if Marco Polo had crossed a line somewhere along the line, Kublai could have sent him as an envoy to Vietnam or Japan.

[@jrewing6836]

@@mheekkim2901 Oh man, U killed me lmao. Too funny but very true. Poor envoys, but I supposed they serve their purpose according to the great Khan lol.😅😂

[@jus_sanguinis]

This guy is right about weak fortification (wooden walls) of Rus cities. But another Rus city weakness was it size: only few cities like Kiev and Novgorod had big population (about 30 thousands), while population of the rest towns was like 5 or 7 thousands or even smaller. So 30-50 thousand Mongol army outnumbered city defenders in every single battle. Compared with huge stone cities of East, Central and West Asia small wooden Russian cities were not a big problem for Mongol army. P.S. As I know, Kulkan was the only son of Genghis, who was killed (siege of Kolomna in North-East Rus, modern day Russia) during Mongol invasion of Europe.

[@chucksfeedandseed]

"I'm Batu Khan!" - Batu's last words

[@KofteG61]

How horrifying it must have been to realize that after the Mongols crushed your life long rivals in just a month, they would come after you.

[@lyonvensa]

Rus Princes: "Haha yes, die noobs!" Mongols: "There's more to plunder?" Rus Princes: _Surprised Pikachu face_

[@Daniel_Poirot]

They didn't crushed the Ukrainian life.

[@lyonvensa]

@@vladimirthegreen6097 Y'all both are right. Mongols uses their envoys to learn about their 'targets', but if they comply and did not rebel or fight, usually they're spared.

[@imay3610]

smartest thing was to submit, but who knew also dont touch their envoys...ever

[@user-ms4cm4qf5j]

In fact, in the case of Kievan Rus, this was not perceived so, Kievan Rus did not even try to maintain complete control over the steppes, nomads constantly resorted from them, some hordes squeezed others out, and they constantly fought with them, it was a common thing. The princes would have treated this with due responsibility, and everything could have been different.

[@fsul8536]

The most dangerous job in history award goes to the Mongol envoys.

[@eviln00b69]

At least they knew they'd be avenged lol

[@nhlanhlashamase3453]

@@eviln00b69 but still you don't come back

[@madaranotsoanonymousnowuch1539]

@@MegaDuckmonster Mamelukes are the exception that did that to the Mongol envoy and survived

[@nasygorenh5639]

Tbh from what i see, they be killed everywhere, in Japan too

[@geletoz]

@@nasygorenh5639 do you know why? Because every kingdom they deliver message to, they were instructed to be very offensive, insult everyone throw fit, bluff, curse and make threats and personal name calling of the "king"..lmao..basically, make them submit at the spot or don't come back mission

[@LeoWarrior14]

Chinese siege engineers at the gates of Kiev... in the 1230s. The Mongols really had a way of bringing cultures together :)

[@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory]

Organized by the great tourism board of Karakorum

[@christermi]

The worst way imaginable.

[@fullmetalalchemist9126]

A little too much

[@aimansafwan1997]

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Oh, that was a good one. I almost laughed there 😂

[@zuboy4272]

Chinese people : WTF IS THIS , WOOD ?? THIS YOU CALL WALLS ?? AHAHHAAHAH

[@mark76533]

“Irrelevant little town known as Moscow”. I haven’t expected to hear that, at all

[@TheR00k]

Founded in 1147, Moscow was but one of small cites dotting the Slavic territories. Its Kremlin - a small wooden fort on a hill, its Red Square - a market in front of it. But that would not be for long.

[@DarkSideChess]

@@TheR00k the rise of Muscovy will lead the rebirth of Russia 300 years later.

[@paulopettoruti7030]

Vladimir was the great city of that region

[@victorconway444]

Rome wasn't built in a day. Every great city has humble beginnings.

[@TeyvillDost]

At the time, yes, it was)

[@gobanito]

"I want to be an envoy when I grow up." Said no Mongol child, ever.

[@TheColombianSpartan]

Mongol Khan: You're my new envoy Mongol man: ah fuck...

[@rays8521]

@@TheColombianSpartan Every civilisation from the 13th: shit these mongol guys massacre everybody lol The same civilisations when they see a Mongol envoy at their gates : *peace was never an option*

[@harithdanial141]

@@rays8521 and the very few state who not kill envoy and treat them nicely not get massacred. Make me wonder why so hard to did that. Maybe because most people underestimate mongol at that time and doesn't know how

[@balabanasireti]

​@@harithdanial141 Most countries saw the Mongol culture as backwards

[@sisyphus4468]

"... the disunited principalities of the Rus were living on borrowed time." What a terrifying sentence!

[@Daniel_Poirot]

The word "principality" is not present, as I recall, in the Ruthenian chronicles.

[@sholahverassa8582]

Well, it's true. Bickering small realms are a perfect prey for a large warlike nation.

[@snowmoon7385]

Hmm

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@nicholasherr6166]

@@vredacted3125 die tdzsave for another time

[@marcobergamaschi3356]

"Become an envoy they said, you'll see the world, they said!"

[@riteshyeddu9186]

lmao

[@Tata-ps4gy]

I love the Asterix refference.

[@aslanbayramuqlany6189]

And they saw not one world

[@LuizAlexPhoenix]

Well they met Tengri really fast

[@MrSwedjen]

They died hard.

[@eumemo4814]

Mongol emissary: *Dies Mongol warrior #1: *Sighs Mongol warrior #2: *Mounts on horse Mongol warrior #3: Aw shit, here we go again!

[@faatehhyat3251]

always the case in their history. hehehehe

[@ivokantarski6220]

Probadly they came in and rightfully with high af ego they acted like they were the local boss so the actual local boss gets annoyed and kills them in a way to offend the master of these emissaries.

[@netiturtle]

They killed either all or almost all citizens either way, fate of emissaries had no influence on outcome. And in Kiev, spared the leader who had ordered execution of messengers

[@nazmakhan178]

Russian warriors : uurraaa.....

[@motti6569]

@@netiturtle Not if a city or town surrendered. Plenty of instances of a town/city surrendering to the Mongol envoys and their populace being spared as a result. Thats where the saying, don't kill the messenger comes from

[@VirtualnomadVirtualnomad]

13th Century basically: You get Mongols! ... and you get some Mongols, you too get more Mongols!!!

[@Ty-ie2mi]

Oprah needs to do that right away!

[@Alaryk111]

And everyone gets Plauge!

[@beorntwit711]

Really puts 2020 in perspective.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@gnawstic1682]

“Genghis Khan, a man that needs no introduction.” Couldn’t be more true!! 😂

[@Daniel_Poirot]

Unfortunately, false )

[@QWERTY-gp8fd]

@@Daniel_Poirot he is literally most popular conquerers of middle ages.

[@Daniel_Poirot]

@@QWERTY-gp8fd , it depends on what you pick up as important things about him.

[@QWERTY-gp8fd]

@@Daniel_Poirot name conqueror that conquered more land than him. u cant. hence he is most popular

[@Daniel_Poirot]

@@QWERTY-gp8fd , I have no sick idea to name someone great just because he occupied someone's territory.

[@stepanpytlik4021]

Christians:Christmas is a time of peace and happines Kings and General's christmas:

[@DreadDeimos]

Fun fact: Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas on Jan 7th because of Julian calendar.

[@dilioification]

@@DreadDeimos no all

[@DreadDeimos]

@adam all Orthodox, simply put, means "traditional". There are Orthodox Jews (hasids), for example.

[@DreadDeimos]

@@dilioification Yes, I probably should've say "many Orthodox Christians" instead.

[@bill3d577]

@@DreadDeimos greek Orthodox Christians celebrate 25 december

[@VirtualnomadVirtualnomad]

For Mongolians wooden walls at that time probably looked like some practical joke someone put for them

[@ray101892]

Mongolians: "wtf you mean we dragged these trebuchets all this way when we could have just thrown fire arrows and flammable oil at them?"

[@civilengineer3349]

@@ray101892 fire arrows would likely not be effective.

[@Vitalis94]

@@ray101892 There is a simple countermeasure to this. Water. Throw buckets of water on the walls, it wouldn't catch the fire so quickly.

[@1020Lester]

@@Vitalis94 More like sand. Water is much more vital when it comes to siege warfare. Even the dirty water.

[@lyonvensa]

Not to mention the Rus don't have forts or anything that's easily defensible. Their towns are usually built in open, flat plains. Even the Mongol horsemen is useful in besieging Rus towns because of it.

[@Caesar88888]

I am from Kiev, we still have ruins of church where last defenders hid and died, and there is a hill where Batu khan had his camp

[@TheOlgaSasha]

Yes. There is stil the Batu hill (Batyieva hora) in Kyiv (Kiev) and remains of the cathedral near the National historical museum.

[@QWERTY-gp8fd]

@@scourgeofgodattila3827 was mongolian then later turkified then became russian.

[@Desh282]

I kind of wish my parents didn’t immigrate from ukraine I would love to see that

[@waynedombrowski7568]

I'm in the U.S.A.,and am regularly disappointed by my country folk and their poor sense of history and time. Oh,to grow up in the Afro-Eurasian Old World. In "Europe:A History" by Norman Davies,he mentions a trumpet tune called the Hajnal which is played daily from a tower in Cracow,Poland. The piece stops suddenly in mid-phrase,to commemorate when a Mongol arrow went through the Sentries' throat.

[@Caesar88888]

@@waynedombrowski7568 in Europe too not many people are into history

[@Romaboo680]

Mongol envoys: Exist Rus: And I took that personally

[@zoranmancic4340]

Even though they are Dissunified they keep killing Envoys

[@yougetonthathorseyougottar6126]

Ok, fine. That's all I needed.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@byrdqamar36]

Land: exists outside of the Mongol Empire Mongols: I took that personally

[@antorseax9492]

In multiple ways

[@Volnas97]

More like: And I took that. Personally.

[@antorseax9492]

@Poop Poop And India, Poland

[@AKumar528]

😂😂

[@oduvijekPlavi]

It's free real estate

[@DOMDZ90911]

The mongols weren't racist! They killed everyone equally

[@arda213]

Alternative: Mongols were secular! They killed men of all religion equally.

[@ongkhuongduy3498]

hey, How do you know they didn’t? A hole is a hole once the city fells.

[@arda213]

@@scintillam_dei Dont tell me, I am Turkish. We learn Huns in school as a Turkic group. Turks were also Tengrists before conversion to islam.

[@QWERTY-gp8fd]

@@scintillam_dei huns were athiest. and mongols are also athiest. literally 50% of modern mongolia is athiest and athiesm was more dominant in the mongol empire era

[@QWERTY-gp8fd]

@@scintillam_dei no elite mongols converted to buddhism post 44 era. ur typical arat didnt had any religion. mongoliin nuuts tovchoo clearly states esuhei chingis father was athiest. till this day mongolia dont have "god" as word. calling "tengri" religion lmao. tengri literally means sky. closest thing we have mongolian folk religion is boo morgol

[@TheSamuraijim87]

The Mongols absolutely arrived at the best time for an assault on the Rus. There was no true Grand Prince, dozens and dozens of Rurikid branches. The Rus were at odds with their nearest slavic neighbours, the Poles, who were expanding into Galicia. The Scandinavian relatives of the Rus were consumed in their own rivalries. Nor was there any true Byzantine Emperor, nor a true Ecumenical Patriarch to be an external voice of reason and unity. The whole situation was deeply tragic, but considering the sociopolitical climate and the brilliance of Batu and Subudei, it seems inevitable. It all makes the Mongol Invasion seem as much a force of nature that really did, as Jenghiz Khan claimed, emerge as divine punishment, as much as mere human beings. All utterly tragic. Amazing video.

[@ElBandito]

Mongols had spies all over their potential targets, so it was not a big surprise why the Mongols invaded the Rus principalities when they did.

[@tylerdurden3722]

I'm pretty sure the Mongols were aware of most of the situation.😅

[@fungunsun1]

If there was one Rus prince and Byzantine Emperor, it would not save them though. How did that work out for Kwarezm, Poland; Hungary, Qing, etc...

[@drakonos79]

@@fungunsun1 regarding the Romans (byz), it was the Mongols that calmed the Seljuq/Roman frontier during that time. Envoys between the two were not killed. something about "enemy of my enemy is my friend" or something. By 1300, the Romans and Mongols (via both il-khanids and Golden Horde) were allied through marriage, no need to bring more carnage. Though.. there were reports of Mongol raids in the Balkans in the 1320s. only an envoy prevented an Mongol assault on C'nople. makes ya wonder what could have been.

[@thomaschinyere-ezeh8645]

Im not sure that would have made a difference... just ask the Chinese and Khwarazmians...both were fully led and powerful civilisations

[@NUSensei]

"Irrelevant little town" sounds like a description by the same real estate agent as the one who passed over the fishing village of Edo.

[@thekhans2823]

Lol

[@tylerscofield9799]

And people think Hitler was bad, they have no concept of what bad is lol

[@theidiot5496]

Or the fishing village of warsaw

[@marcus4046]

A small hill village called rome

[@nikolaitregouet]

@@tylerscofield9799 ??? He was bad though, so wtf?😂

[@werw6808]

Imagine having an army so brutal that your enemies start thinking its an punishment from God

[@mijanhoque1740]

Pretty much what the Anglo-Saxons felt from the Vikings

[@radziwill7193]

This is the propaganda of the Orthodox Church which obeyed the Mongols. And this tradition about the people of Gogs and Magogs in the Roman Empire was about Attila.

[@hevnervals]

@@mijanhoque1740 Vikings didn't commit genocide.

[@mijanhoque1740]

@@hevnervals They kinda/almost did when they destroyed and took over the 7 Anglo Saxon kingdoms except Wessex

[@googane7755]

The rus were utterly hopeless against such a massive invasion. The cuman who they fought for decades, fell within weeks, their walled cities fell within days and every battle resulted in a massacre. Cities razed and their population erased. You can't really blame them.

[@civilizedrevolt6707]

“The men of this city rallied outside the walls to bravely face the Mongols in pitched battle.” “Predictably, they were slaughtered.” 😂😂

[@Caesar88888]

they died like men

[@lesROKnoobz]

@@Caesar88888 and left their families behind to be raped and slaughtered

[@Volnas97]

Not a great plan

[@DerHammerSpricht]

@@Caesar88888 they died because of toxic masculinity

[@davothefirst9371]

Bet they did not socially distance or wear masks ! Idiots !

[@burhanuddin959]

That Kalinka tune accompanied by the sight of the burning cities brought tears to my eyes. While the Mongols were great conquerers, the people who resisted their invasions deserve an applause. The people of the Rus, Iraq, Iran, and Georgia were quite brave to fight till their last breaths.

[@Manuel-gu9ls]

A superb tune good choice for this video

[@GalicianGranddaughter666]

I personally didn't think it was appropriate. I grew up with the Kalinka tune as one that represents joy and happiness. I feel like the tune was only used because it's a commonly recognized Russian tune.

[@therensdns31415]

@@GalicianGranddaughter666 same goes with their series on China and the melody Jasmin flower. So weird. Although in the very broad sense, culture and music should be left for everyone to interpret on his or her own, be it an over the top romanticized quixotic gallantry as perceived by this thread, or an orgasm out of very normal life of unknown cultures, there are downsides with such out of context emotionality, and this is i dare say how many became extreme left / right.

[@burhanuddin959]

@@GalicianGranddaughter666 Imo happy tunes when played during sad times evoke a greater emotional response than any sad tune. The Kalinka music keeps reminding you about Russian pride, glory and culture while you see the cities burning. I dunno, to a foreigner like me it gives off kind of a "wounded tiger" vibe.

[@user-td6mu6uu2h]

@@therensdns31415 Kalinka is a Russian folk song. Kievan Rus is the Eastern Slavs. from which Ukrainians, Belarusians and Ukrainians will come. this melody looks out of place

[@112steinway]

"Sir! They've killed another envoy!" Mongolian commander calmly restocking his quiver... "Shame."

[@TheR00k]

Fun fact about Moscow: one of the parts of the city was (and still is) called Kitay-gorod, which take roots from the words "kita" - a type of wall in Russia - and "gorod" - town. China in Russian is also called Kitay. So Moscow had a Chinatown before it was cool.

[@daco9464]

Yes, a Chinatown that has nothing to do with China.

[@safuwanfauzi5014]

root in my language ""kota"(in Malay and INdonesian) mean fort or walled settlement. but later it become word for city yes, in ancient and medieval time. most the city have wall surround it. today city dont have that wall except in old city we can see in Europe, North Africa like Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Levant like Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, India, China, Japan and Russia(kremlin is one of example)

[@kenh758]

Khitan people’s empire (“kita” in your reference or Cathay on early European maps) or Liao dynasty (Chinese chronology) in northern China, which preceded the Jin (a Manchu dynasty, not to be confused with an earlier unified Chinese Jin dynasty) that Chingghis attacked, was not recognized as “Chinese” under the strict one-China policy. At the time, only the concurrent Song Dynasty was officially recognized as “Chinese.”

[@branimirradosevic528]

in Croatian kita is a slang for dick hahha

[@TheR00k]

@@branimirradosevic528 even better

[@JoseTorres-in4fs]

STEVEN I'M BATU KHAN -Prince Evpaty of Ryazan

[@omathanis2143]

As a person from Russia, I deeply appreciate that you create such high-quality content on early Russian history and raise awareness on in among the English-speaking (and international, too, I guess) audience. These parts of the history of Russia are so often overlooked and everyone is so focused on the 20th century that it makes me sad sometimes. Thank you very much!

[@Daniel_Poirot]

I can suggest you learning the history of Finno-Ugric tribes while the RF keep its citizens uneducated. Or you can visit the channel История Руси.

[@omathanis2143]

@@Daniel_Poirot you must be trolling

[@Daniel_Poirot]

@@omathanis2143 , no.

[@omathanis2143]

@@Daniel_Poirot um... then, please, be so kind to explain your comment above because it sounds like utter nonsense to me and, judging by the amount of likes left under my reply to it, the majority of other people. If you like, of course

[@Daniel_Poirot]

@@omathanis2143 , the majority of people is not always smart. If you think it's a nonsense, it's not always the non-sense and can be a matter of your education or self-learning. What I'm saying is known by anybody who reads primary sources.

[@lunarphoenix1011]

Cites exist: Mongols: anyway I started blasting

[@ls200076]

@@ktheterkuceder6825 blasting

[@stygian8049]

You mean: anyway I start sacking

[@phoenixj1299]

That's not how it works.

[@thisguy8973]

This year, the Mongols are bringing a great Christmas present

[@ongkhuongduy3498]

St. Genghis is coming to town.

[@tedrow70]

The bubonic plague would be a real 2020 gift

[@christopherg2347]

@@tedrow70 Eh, we can deal with it. Modern Sewer and Water systems really makes it hard for a rat/Human transmission to thrive.

[@christopherg2347]

"Oh look, they lighted 24 candles!" "Those are not candles, those are our neighbouring cities!"

[@davelait9710]

Yes..... The Hu's take on Metallica's Sad But True 🤘

[@richardmalcolm1457]

"Predictably, they were slaughtered." This might be a summary of the entire Mongol Campaign in Russia.

[@royalstag3795]

Why are you limiting the fact they were slaughtering ploicy to their Russian campagin

[@Daniel_Poirot]

No Russia didn't exist in those days. And Rus' is Ukraine. I would suggest reading primary sources instead of quoting drivel from Internet pages.

[@Daniel_Poirot]

@@royalstag3795 , "Ruthenian". And Rus'/Ruthenia was not destroyed.

[@richardmalcolm1457]

@@Daniel_Poirot There's no need to be pedantic - I was refrring to the land by its later historic name. But if you like, fine: "in the lands of the Rus."

[@MrKakibuy]

@@Daniel_Poirot Its the same Rus, in all history there was always one Rus, "Kievan Rus" is only the name of the period when Kiev was the centre of the state, later it became Moscow.

[@blackmoon2128]

Meanwhile, Novgorod Republic just chilled there for a while.

[@VirtualnomadVirtualnomad]

Imagine 13th century version of a Group Therapy of those who got attacked by Mongols

[@drakonos79]

priest - "I'm sorry, we don't have an answer for this, my child. We have never seen such devas..*looks outside window. mongol silhouettes moving in the snowy fog* ... omg, we have to get out of here! *leaves newly orphaned children behind*

[@Bellasrius]

🤣🤣🤣

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@LORDMEHMOODPASHA]

*CENTRAL ASIAN THROAT SINGING AND HORSE-ARCHERY INTENSIFIES*

[@marseldagistani1989]

Imagine if the modern Russian army was there

[@thetwoceasar9883]

@@marseldagistani1989 imagin if any modern army was there

[@Trapsarentgay133]

@@thetwoceasar9883 imagine 1 a10 doing a few passes

[@rays8521]

@@marseldagistani1989 Imagine Smaug from the Hobbit was fighting a sheep

[@blockraven22]

@@marseldagistani1989 modern Russian army probably has a good percentage of mongol blood

[@fikriakmal6459]

Cities: *Exists* Mongol: so anyway I start pillaging

[@michaelsinger4638]

The Mongols had like 5-6 of the best military commanders of all time with them at one point. Truly impressive.

[@mnemonicpie]

@@vredacted3125 oh my god dude nobody except Ukrainians cares

[@rj5848]

Literally any land in Asia and Eurasia exist Mongols: Mine

[@ThelostPenguin0]

Literally any land in Asia and Eurasia exist Mongols: Burn

[@johnl.7754]

@quotetheraven90 they only survived because of long distance travel the harder & less motivated it becomes...especially that long ago

[@jaipreetsingh6566]

India : laughs in victory

[@Bellasrius]

@quotetheraven90 but then they got smoked by the Seljuks

[@jaipreetsingh6566]

@quotetheraven90 what u mean? Mongols are mughals ancestors,this?

[@stalliontv465]

It makes me think the mongol envoys were really insulting and over the top if they kept getting killed like this. Must be outrageous demands to warrant that most of the time.

[@CritKhan]

The Mongols wanted the Pope and the European kings to travel to Mongolia and prostate themselves

[@ElBandito]

Envoys simply passed on their rulers' words. It was the Mongols rulers who were arrogant, and were justifiably so.

[@ElBandito]

@@user-ox1bh3vh2t Back then the Mongols were still busy with the conquest of the Jin Empire so it was highly unlikely for the Mongols to deliberately insult the Shah.The envoys arrived first and relayed the Khan's words of friendship to the Shah. The Mongol merchants who came months after had nothing to do with the Shah, and they were killed by a greedy governor of Otrar, who took the goods for himself. (TBF there were Mongol spies likely inside the merchant caravan, but that did not warrant a slaughter)

[@ElBandito]

@@user-ox1bh3vh2t What is your source then? According to Persian historians, the Mongol envoys first contacted the Shah for a mutual non-aggression/trade pact, and later sent the merchants, who were then unjustly killed. Chingis sent another batch of envoys to ask for reparations but they were executed by the Shah--which kicked off the war.

[@arda213]

@@user-ox1bh3vh2t This is the modern neo-liberal western kind of mentality. That you ''matter''. This has never been so much the case in any other part of the humanity timeline. Of course humans always had a sense of ''selfness'' but it was never this strong. In previous ages or in eastern nations even today society comes before selfness. Those who attended to Genghis Khan's funeral knew that they were going to be killed but they did it anyway because they considered it the most respectable of deaths. This answer also applies to people that ask why would anyone be the first to climb the ladder? I mean first ones will obviously die! They did it anyway because they were ordered to and yeah they could avoid death by not following the order and running away but this would mark their name in the society as coward and traitor and this was way more important than dying. Because there was also a family that they left behind. If they died heroically on duty, their families would gain much prestige and if they died as cowards and of treason then their families would be treated as ''of spoiled blood''. In modern neoliberal societies you dont even know who lives next door so...

[@minisaiju7699]

Eveyone is early until they refresh...

[@fullmetalalchemist9126]

Kings and Generals not saying " we will catch you on the next one" 😵😵

[@markuhler2664]

"You earned our respect. We'll let you live. The 15 thousand around you? They die.

[@MrJumpingson]

i have a feeling that was more like another type of cruel punishment to have the prince live and see his entire subject being massacred and his city completly destroyed

[@explosivereactionstv7414]

THATS WHY YOU DONT KILL THE ENVOYS. But they never listen

[@Flavius_Claudius_Julianus]

The "killing" of envoys is a nice excuse that the Mongols used countless times to justify war. If you were to believe the Mongγol-un niγuča tobčiyan (Secret history of the Mongols), the Mongols were peacefull people only forced to war by foreigners who killed their envoys, lol.

[@aleksapetrovic6519]

Sultan Selim killed envoys and conquered entire kingdom.

[@furioussherman7265]

Don't shoot the messenger.

[@christermi]

"Dig it out by yourselves !"

[@explosivereactionstv7414]

@@aleksapetrovic6519 when you’re one of the strongest empires of the late Middle Ages you could do anything really e.g. subjugating the balkans and taking Christian boys to be a slave army

[@Caesar88888]

fun fact: few years ago Ukrainian government absolutely seriously demanded reparations from Mongolia for this 11 century invasion. Mongols in reply asked if Ukrainians were able to list names of victims

[@tseegiidavaakhuu7697]

@@himalayas1647 indeed we mongols made Russia and China bigger

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@Caesar88888]

@@vredacted3125 absolutely right russians stole everything including even name. by the way russian leaders were very close with their mongol masters, many russian mongol marriages happenned and even now russian culture has alot from mongol despoty.

[@MyroslawJartur]

It's a fake fact

[@sashaaa_27]

@@vredacted3125 dogshit. norse people from Sweden came to Saint Petersburg, thus rus began.

[@kohterg3713]

Merry Christmas Kings&Generals and to everyone! 🎄🇦🇱

[@christermi]

Merry Christmas from neighbouring Hellas 🇬🇷🤝🇦🇱 .

[@josiplisica93]

Sretan bozic shqiperia 💪

[@kohterg3713]

@@christermi Wish you the best pal! 🇦🇱🤝🏻🇬🇷

[@heloo7773]

The Mongol conquests were probably the most devastating series of Wars outside of the world wars

[@cameronbrady8465]

They were probably more brutal than the world wars. Genghis Khan was so destructive that he killed more than Hitler and Stalin combined

[@ThelostPenguin0]

The mongol Empire is truly the most destructive empire to date. Surpasing both World wars combined

[@tobago3679]

Timur entered the chat

[@zuboy4272]

@@cameronbrady8465 Are you stup*d , Chiggis died years before the invasion of literally many lands

[@ahmadrahman456]

@@ktheterkuceder6825 well that is recently estimated meaning the death toll far larger.

[@radziwill7193]

I am Russian and I cannot watch it without tears.

[@radziwill7193]

@@user-gk1ck4bm6x If allies helped Russia in the civil war. Or at least they did not interfere and betray Russia as Czechoslovakians or Poles.

[@albvscommesincastello6346]

Не надо быть Русским. Я Словак и у меня глаза в слезах после просмотра :(

[@radziwill7193]

@@StandTallFortress In fact, the Russian Empire planned to colonize Mongolia with Manchuria and Uyguria. And the Soviet Union used Mongolia as a platform for the war in China. Mongolia has no choice but to hope for Russian support, but Mongolia will become part of the PRC, it's only a matter of time. When mining in Mongolia will be profitable. Russians do not like Mongols and they do not need anything from Mongolia.

[@nishhnishh1088]

More Russians got killed in WW2 than the Mongol invasion. If that lightens up

[@radziwill7193]

@@nishhnishh1088 In percentage terms, it was worse. In the Second World War, mostly soldiers perished, during the Mongol invasion they destroyed everyone and everything, and not always by their own actions.

[@fatalshore5068]

This channel is truly amazing, I very much appreciate all the hard work you guys do. :)

[@tirtharajsarkar6888]

Every damn civilisation had to do one sensible thing: not kill the envoy.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@RDA000]

"There were no eyes left to weep"

[@NGl426]

The perfect Christmas gift! Merry Christmas everyone!

[@denzh6980]

Thank you for the great episode as always! As a kid I used to read great historical novels about mongol invasion by Vasily Yan (Василий Ян 1874 - 1954). When he had worked for Tzar administration in central Asia, and when he traveled in Civil War he learned a lot about history and countinued searching in archives later, so his novels (most of them written in 30s 20century) are very interesting and I recommend them all!

[@fungunsun1]

I finished whole trilogy. What a great one it was!

[@denzh6980]

@@fungunsun1 It is and always be!!! Yan novels from ancient times are also great. Did you read his Spartacus?

[@fungunsun1]

Yes I also finished Spartacus, but tbh was not impressed as much. It felt fairly basic compared to Mongols trilogy.

[@denzh6980]

@@rob6927 Yes but it is not big novel, it is short story (повесть "Огни на курганах") but if i am not mistaken it is about resistance of central asia native tribes to invading Alexander army...

[@cirbam2747]

Mongols be like: Hippy hoppity, your people and land are my property

[@kingofdragonsgameplay1369]

Hippity hoppity, your lands are my property.... The people are dead.

[@zuboy4272]

*starts massacring their own properties*

[@Righteous1ist]

LOL. But Mongols and Russians intermixing made the prettiest women tbh

[@Righteous1ist]

@@sosososososo4148 Some are some aren't. You can actually tell which ones are mixed.

[@albvscommesincastello6346]

@@Righteous1ist that is sad.

[@mahadlodhi]

Great video as always, the intro was chilling

[@ftwallday3112]

Nice. Been waiting for this one

[@Freebooter20]

Great video as always, was pleasantly surprised that you mentioned the "evil town". Can't wait for the epic video on Alexander Nevskiy and some knights from the west ;)

[@vasileioskannes723]

The visuals of this video are incredible. Every video outdoes the previous one! Great work!

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@hopeindarktimes9535]

Man, what a story and animation! This was one of first history channells on youtube and definetly the best!

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@JonnyChapelow]

Kings and Generals animations are just getting better and better every video!! I really enjoyed the visuals in this video.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@yajurka]

Being Mongol emissary was strange. It was certain you'd die, but it was also certain your killers would soon follow.

[@sholahverassa8582]

I feel like the emissaries should have ditched all the official letters and protocols and say: "Okay, tough guys, you can kill me, I know, I've heard of it happening countless times, but you know what - none of those who had done it it lived to tell the tale. So why don't you be nice and just give the heck up? I have 5 more antions to visit after this one"

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@ivanodvajati3967]

Hungary is the next on the raiding list.

[@trihermawan9553]

@adam all you dont get it, do you?

[@caniblmolstr452]

@adam all Tatars are considered Mongolic by many. Tatars were the ones who continued to Hungary btw. Timur was a Tatar and he had Genghis on his maternal side

[@caniblmolstr452]

@adam all Timur's grandson was a sultan in India and he called himself a Mughal. Which is Hindi/Urdu/Persian for Mongol. Yes we don't consider them Mongol but that is not what they thought of themselves. And that issue of Uralic/Siberian.... Subotai was from a Siberian tribe not Mongolian. So there were lots of Siberians in the force that invaded Hungary. Further a last point, it is oft noted that when a barbarian tribe conquers a civilized one, the conqueror adopts the culture of the civilized one. We saw tge same happen with the Mughals and Afghan Lodi/Khilji/Tuqhluq dynasties(adopted Indian culture) , Jurchens (adopted Han culture), Rurikids (adopted Slav culture), Bulgars (adopted Slav culture), Mamluks (adopted Egyptian culture).

[@QWERTY-gp8fd]

@@caniblmolstr452 south siberians are mongols. buryats,urainhas etc. even the name lake baikal means "nature lake" in mongolian. also subutai was born in west of the upper Onon River. and onon river is in dornod aimag of modern mongolia.

[@caniblmolstr452]

@@QWERTY-gp8fd Nope. Uriankhai and other Siberians were forest dwellers while Mongolian are steppe dwellers. Just don't comment anything

[@monchochp]

Happy Holidays, I really love the portraits btw.

[@rafaelcarvalho3928]

Very nice vídeo. Loved the new features and the art in general! You guys are the best channel!

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@denniscleary7580]

Happy holidays kings and generals and everyone here ✌️

[@lorenzonerantzis6204]

Excellent introduction K&G!!

[@mejlaification]

Brilliant. Your commentary is becoming more and more poetic. I love it. Particularly the ending words. Thank you. Keep up the good work.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@rakibrahman2719]

Really liked the background sound effects of this video. Made the story more engaging

[@olgathehandmaid]

I've learned more from your amazing videos by binge watching in a single day than I ever did in any college course.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@olgathehandmaid]

@@vredacted3125 Just like the Holy Roman Empire was German?.. ok

[@NoMoreCrumbs]

Don't shoot the messenger must be a phrase that exists in all of Eastern Europe and Asia as a result of the Mongol invasions

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@Strider181]

Damn this is a great channel, cheers for the great simple vids, they have easy to digest info and are well narrated. Top notch

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@tommydesetka9495]

Great video! This is my favorite youtube channel by far! You guys do everything to a high quality but can you guys do the history of the west and south slavs as well?

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@FRESSY22]

Maybe someone already commented on this matters: Actually, "the falling" of the Church of the Holy Virgin (the so called "Desyatynna Church") is a later legend. Apparently it was destroyed either by the fire or siege engines. It is already proved by historians and archeologists that Mongols have not actually destroyed so much important structures in Kyiv. Most of them that are now lost, were destroyed later because of falling into disrepair in an almost empty conquered city, or were deliberately dismantled for building materials later in middle ages.

[@redghettosun9785]

Who starts a campaign in the depths of winter in Mother Russia. The Rus should have realized these were Badasses on a different level.

[@Askhat08]

Mongolian horde originates from Siberia which is much colder in winter than European part of Russia.

[@ForageGardener]

@@Askhat08 not quite, a bit south of siberia, but cold yes

[@cesareborgia2034]

One of the best gifts for Christmas. I love you guys, You are the best in Universe !

[@jahwadey]

This is great Christmas present. Thanks Kings and Generals😁😁😁

[@dominikbradvica9406]

Loved it, more Slavic histories

[@Daniel_Poirot]

Do you find the history of Slavs interesting?

[@dominikbradvica9406]

@@scourgeofgodattila3827 or Croatian Kingdom history, we really dont know much about early historical events suronding Croatia or Serbia

[@Daniel_Poirot]

@@dominikbradvica9406 , you can visit my channel.

[@ForageGardener]

@@dominikbradvica9406 south slavs come from the sorbs of what is modern day eastern germany, they have called themselves serbs. And yes, serbians, croatians, and bosnians are all the same people whoms distinction only occured from being split under different empires for so long.

[@alexv3357]

2:43 "...Genghis Khan, a man who needs no introduction..." but also a man who will make _absolutely sure_ you receive one

[@Mechinwisdom]

Great video! Love your work!

[@UpcycleElectronics]

Nice musical crescendo in the finale. Well written, edited, and composed for strong unexpected investment in your total emotional composition. Well done. You guys are Masters of The *Art* of History Thanks for the upload. -Jake

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@tatsumakidrex4208]

genghis khan a man that no need introduction indeed

[@michaelriddick4059]

Awesome, The coverage of the Mongols just keeps getting better! Have a Merry and safe Christmas, Thanks

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@johnromeopascual4677]

Merry Christmas KingsAndGenerals and to ALL i've been watching all your vids in the pass 4years always watching thank you 4 your history and educational videos

[@ZoobieDoodie]

Loving these mini docs! Merry Christmas!

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@JustinianTheGreat482]

IM BATU KHAN AHHH

[@TheSturgian]

Ambatacausethefalloftherus 😩

[@JustinianTheGreat482]

Take it

[@andreasleonardo6793]

Nice historical video with clear explaining of events thanks for sending

[@wilhelm7450]

Batu Khan 😩😩😩

[@haroldasbutkus5235]

Thank you Kings n Generals for an Upgrade to Already good Xmas Eve, god bless you guys and have a great Xmas season, Merry Xmas and a Happy New year fellas! 😎

[@user-cp3ju4zs8c]

I grew up in Eastern Europe, the cultural impact of this event is still felt. I was told stories about the "Tatars" from folk legends and folk histories.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@user-cp3ju4zs8c]

@@vredacted3125 I never said Russia - so I don't understand your purpose in saying that. I grew up in Ukraine, but felt like saying Eastern Europe at the time...

[@afdalridwan3813]

@@user-cp3ju4zs8c we shared story as well, there's folk story about Mongols from Great Yuan part who want to make Java island as their vassal But our ancestor sucessfully vanished them off of the islands

[@klassica]

And here we are, still dealing with the aftermath.

[@no_respect_k_y_s]

Especially the leader batu khan and his right hand steven are very intriguing

[@mikedi7850]

Merry Christmas Kings and.... 1 of the best youtube channels

[@Guildelin]

Great video, because of this series I’ve been inspired to start playing a mongol empire in crusader kings 3

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@TheGuitarded1]

Being a Mongolian General had to be the greatest life ever.

[@FullTekAuto]

"Irrelevant little town of Moscow" Sounds similar to what the Etruscans said about the City of Rome. Calling it "a little backwater town" Yeah that little backwater town wiped out the Etruscans and become the Roman Empire and capital of modern day Italy

[@miguelpereira9859]

Well nobody could have predicted that would happen lol

[@bowenc24]

Can’t wait for the next episode, this is one of my favorite series!

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@thefeudallord3149]

Great video as always.

[@michaeldunne338]

Nice video on a topic that doesn't get covered much. Maybe this is covered in another video but would have liked to have heard more about why the Mongols were so successful against the various kingdoms/tribes in modern day Ukraine/Western Russia. It was interesting to hear of the contribution of Chinese siege engineers in quickly taking fortified town. Additional insights on how the contingents of Mongols were able to journey deep into "unknown" territory and succeed in fighting on the homegrown of others would be interesting to hear.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.

[@user-oh5nc1qb5u]

The term "Kievan Rus" appeared only in the 19th century, as a designation of the time period when Kyiv was the capital of the country. So was Ladoga Rus (approximately 859-862), Novgorod Rus (862-882), Vladimir Rus (1243-1389), then Moscow Rus (1389-1547 (or 1478)). It was just Rus'. We don't say "Moscow Russia" or "Petersburg Russia", no, we don't.

[@TheTerranscout]

An awesome video as always

[@Atomik91400]

I gotta admit: I do enjoy the fact that the melody of Kalinka was added to the (end of the) video! Very interesting and informative content, as usual.

[@vredacted3125]

Rus’ *not to be confused with “Russia”, which derives its name from the Rus’ but historically is a completely different state, which almost all its existence was at war with the Rus’. Just like the Holy Roman Empire was actually Germany, Russia is actually Muscovy, despite their best attempts to convince everybody otherwise. Its name “Russia" received only in 1721, when Peter I passed a decree to change Tsardom of Muscovy’s name into the “Russian” Empire (“Russia” originates from Rosia, name used by the Greek Orthodox Clergy in regards to Kyivan Rus') Under the reign of Cathrine II Muscovites where even pushed for continuing to identify as Muscovites, and where forced to call themselves “Russian”. Lands that “Russia” claims were part of the original Rus’, but actually weren't, are Novgorod, Suzdal, and Ryazan, since in historical texts of XI-XII centuries they are mentioned as separate entities from Rus’. They can be considered parts of extended Rus’, although their culture was distinct from main Rus’. In 1493 Moscow prince Ivan III appointed himself to be the Great Ruler of All Rus’. No other kings acknowledged that. From that point on Muscovy started to make false claims on Rus’ ownership. “Russia” is an offshoot of Ukraine and not the other way round, despite what Soviet and “Russian” historians have been trying to say for years. Kiev was a developed cultured capital when Moscow was just another swamp village. Germany used to call itself the Holy Roman Empire, that didn’t mean they became the Romans, and all of a sudden had a right to claim whole of Italy and its history, but yet, that’s exactly what “Russia” did in regards to Rus’-Ukraine.