How the Mamluks Defended Against the Mongols - Medieval DOCUMENTARY

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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video explaining how the Mamluks defended against the Mongols. In our previous episode we discussed the European defence against the Mongol invasions ( • How the Europeans foug... )
Our podcast on Mongol history - kingsandgenera...
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How the Mongols Became Muslim - • Why and How the Mongol...
Why the Mongols Tolerated Other Religions - • Why the Mongols Tolera...
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#Documentary #Mongols #Mamluks

[@GreasusGoldtooth]

As someone who has had to deal with several Mongol invasions over the past few years, this series has been hugely helpful to me and my family.

[@MyBuzzL]

I thought today mongol is conquered by china. which khan invade ur family?

[@John-ir4id]

Can't tell if you're being clever or racist...

[@plebestrian9323]

@@John-ir4id As a mongol horse, I can confirm that it's definitely racism.

[@GreasusGoldtooth]

@@John-ir4id Don't worry, I'm just making a dumb joke about this series being about "how to defend against Mongol invasions." I've got no time for bigots of any kind. Being afraid of or angry at people who are different is stupid.

[@BaalAdvocate]

Aren't the ogre kingdoms basically mongols?

[@pogo8050]

>gets kidnapped as child by rival tribe > sold into slavery > goes through grueling training to become a loyal elite warrior >topples their new lord >takes over kingdom >successfully defends against the biggest empire of all time >kicks out the last crusaders >refuses to elaborate further >dies

[@rwnin]

😂😂

[@arqamghaffar1996]

Refuses to elaborate part is the best one.

[@yourroyalchungusness]

Didn't know Mamluks were that chads

[@EM-tx3ly]

Baybers He fits the description perfectly

[@EM-tx3ly]

@@aze94 Baibers prepared the groundwork for kicking the crusaders out Unlike Saladin He was very ruthless but efficient No mercy or quarters especially for military orders Even giving letters to defeated crusader leaders full of mockery and contempt of their defeats Man of the job

[@m.meiburger1970]

Only can imagine how intense , quick and skilled the battle between two armies must had been , when they both were focused on cavalery combat range and melee since childhood . The level of expertise in any aspect of this conflict must had been unique .

[@cool06alt]

It was like one of the rare instance of manuver warfare, sort of like how Blitzkrieg waged in WW2. Infantry being barely if almost irrelevant because the battlefield is much closer to area of operation spanning miles.

[@yamazakiJumpei]

Isn't it technicaly "cammelry" ?

[@SousouCell]

Welll not;really , mongols used primarly Light horse archers , while the mameluk were mostly formed from kipchak tribesmen and khwarezmian turks who had fled , or were enslaved , in the first mongols onslaught ..... the kiptchak for instance, although they were nomadic people from the caucus, their fighting style was closer to heavy cavalry ( lance and protected horse and horseman ), In Ain jalut it was the vanguard of heavy cavalry Led by baibars who clashed the mongol vanguard ( armenian and georgian vassals ) and drew the rest of the mongols in a feigned retreat ......

[@aburoach9268]

@@SousouCell mongol used primarily light horse archers only during the beginning of their conquests, But as they steadily acquired more loot and wealth, they become mostly Heavy horse archers, the Bow still remained their main weapon and the same goes for Mameluke heavy cavalry which also used bows in conjunction with their lances, shields and swords / Both armies mostly consisted of heavy cav that could also shoot arrows

[@bilalkafa7856]

Because central asia people kept fighting each other all the written history, I dont think it was uniqe. Scale of the armies were not uniqe either.

[@Irfan87]

The Mamluks are fairly underrated.

[@sagagis]

probably due to Ottoman conquest in 1516-17

[@md.shaghilsubhani.1639]

@@sagagis yep

[@fatihahenouze2036]

@UCnWkd5Hav-3WXFKAwkF1s8Q baybars ended them at the siege of krak de chevalier castle

[@SousouCell]

Underated by who ....??

[@SousouCell]

@You're under 19 don't argue well thats because apart from the battle of ain jalout , wherevhe was a commander under the orders of QUTUZ ( WHOm he killed ), he focused his attention after the battle on the arménians and the crusaders who sided with the mongols , it was his successors who had to deal with a vengeful hulagu .....

[@googane7755]

I wished KZbinrs stopped shilling for established titles, it's a literal scam.

[@lordoblivion8038]

Sadly it won't. Cause they won't get the succulent ad mons

[@SxTxferlife]

Most didn't know it was a scam till recently, a very successful scam at that. I only hope that company gets ground to dust

[@Darkcamera45]

@@SxTxferlife it’s a scam dam I didn’t know bro they’re getting good at these scams now a days

[@thedude9461]

Why is it a scam?

[@lordoblivion8038]

@@thedude9461 I think it was that you don't get free land cause a. It is illegal and b some sort of legal reasons

[@nenenindonu]

Fun fact : Both Baibars and Qutuz had a common Turkic background, originating from lands that had been previously ravaged by Mongols, which were Cumania and Khwarezmia respectively. A shared fate and revenge

[@Mysteriousman355]

Arab bro and and Turk

[@nenenindonu]

@@Mysteriousman355 Arab ? Baybars originated from the Kipchak Turkic Berish tribe whereas Qutuz was a royal descented Oghuz Turk who had belonged to the Anushtegin Dynasty of the Begdili tribe (ruling house of the Khwarezmian empire)

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@Mysteriousman355 Arabs were nobody in the time of Crusades and Mongol Empire😂

[@thewarriorfrog]

@9/11 was done by bush Mamlūk authors almost always refer to their Sultanate as " the state of the Turks " ( dawlat al - atrāk dawlat al - turk/ al - dawla al - turkiyya ) . They usually seem to be aware of the fact that the reign of the “ Turks " Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam,Volume 39 Magnes Press, The Hebrew University., 2012

[@ahmedkhaled8719]

@@Mysteriousman355 they had turkic origins but i don't understand why are you arguing about that at their time race didn't matter

[@abdallaha92]

As someone who has studied Mamluk history of a decade, this video is.....perfect. You included virtually every important aspect of the Mamluk-Ilkhanate war. A few interesting details: When the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir II was on his ill-fated campaign, he ended up meeting another "Caliph", Al-Hakim I, and they ended up joining forces. Al-Hakim ended up taking refuge in Egypt, becoming Baybar's puppet Caliph. In terms of the use of spies, Baybars had once gotten Abaqa to execute one of his loyal commanders by fooling him into thinking he was a traitor. In the 1500s, Ismail I had executed the leader of the Crimean Tatars, and sent it to Sultan Ghawri. The move deeply offended the Mamluks, as they had considered them to be the successors of the Golden Horde, who was remembered as deep allies 200 years ago.

[@DDKKAY]

The Mamluks of the year 1500 were mostly Circassians (Cherkess)

[@fab-freshaquaponicbiospher6335]

Baybar's letter to Berke: Bro, Allah hu Akbar Berke to Baybar: hmmmmm . But truth to be told,it is so beautiful that slaves were so well treated by Muslims that the Slaves rose to Level of Elites.. And were even seen humanely enough by other Lords and Elites to support these Slaves in overthrowing the Ruling Kings and Lords... . In Feudal Europe, a Slave was never allowed to educate himself.. Let alone sit with Lords and gain their support and respect..

[@ibrahimyilmaz4861]

@@fab-freshaquaponicbiospher6335 plain disrespectful.

[@SlavaSlavenima]

@@fab-freshaquaponicbiospher6335 they had more than one type of slave in the Muslim world

[@orkunyucel3095]

Both armies had mainly good mounted archers and good light and heavy cavalry. The Mamluk Sultanate was ruled by Turkic Kipchaks and Caucasian Circassians. The army was made mainly of these two groups. The Mamluk Sultanate is the successor of the Ayyubid Sultanate, which is also of Turkic origin. In those years, Turkic Kipchak youth and Caucasian Circassian youth were enslaved in Central Asia and Eurasia during Mongol attacks and sold as slave soldiers to some countries in the Middle East. The Turkic Ayyubid Dynasty used these Turkic Kipchak and Caucasian Circassian youth in their armies after training them in a good military school. The Ayyubid army consisted mainly of these two groups. In the beginning, Turkic groups were much more. However, these soldiers had taken over the sultanate after a coup d'etat and established the Mamluk Sultanate. The word Mamluk means 'Slave' in Arabic. The language of agreement in the Mamluk Sultanate was Western Turkish, a mixture of Kipchak and Oghuz. In the past, only Arabic and Persian education was given in Madrasahs and Turkish was not a language taught in Madrasahs. For this reason, if someone in the Middle East speaks Turkish or writes in Turkish at that time, that person is Turkish. This is a litmus paper for understanding that period. "Kitâbu Bulgatü'l-Müştâk Fî Lügati't-Türk Ve'l-Kıfçak" , "Kitâbü'l-Ef'al" and "Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî ve Mugalî” are some examples written in Mamluk Kipchak language.

[@StuffyMc]

The mamluks are perhaps the most interesting historical fighting force to me. Their armor being stunningly beautiful and their huge variance throughout their time in social status, from slaves to kings, is so damn engaging to learn about.

[@mencot89]

yeah. they are underrated at least in modern world. they should have make movies of them. i know i'd watch it

[@Warmaker01]

The assassination of Qutuz after his smashing victory of Ain Julut really is shocking. He never got the chance to use it as a springboard for later actions and gaining more prestige since he was killed not long after the battle. The power struggle and mistrust while in power, the "game" never ends.

[@khadaareofficial7992]

I think mongols woulda rule the if there was no Qutuz

[@AntonNb]

I think it's a culture from Turks... ottoman sultan also eliminate their own family up till suleman ..it's harsh but it's effective way to prevent power struggle in future

[@teukufadel8293]

@@AntonNb just look at the Mughal war of sucessions

[@PLayAshEFF72]

Allah gave him victory then shortly after let him rest, and God willing he has earned his place in Paradise. Arguable the most important Battle in Islamic history after the early Muslim battles.

[@hallaldude3478]

I think the most strategically important reason that made the mamluks win was that they watched a kings and generals video before battle.

[@Mysteriousman355]

😂😂

[@abcd9283]

😁💪😁

[@thalmoragent9344]

Imagine going back in time and uniting the locals of a region like the mamluks to just flex on the Mongols in a way they're not expecting 👀

[@isseabdirahmanweheliye9010]

@@thalmoragent9344 we have that in Hollywood.

[@blablableh724]

Baybars was clearly a military genius.

[@abdaalahmad5483]

It would be an understatement if you knew what a life he lived.

[@kalt4689]

First of all, “Barbarians”.. Second of all, they were way more intelligent than anyone else at that time, apparently. Third, “Barbarians” is a European monarchy that came up with the term to look down on people who are different than them. Yet, they were getting executed left & right by Mongols 😂

[@sohype6827]

@@kalt4689 Baybars is the name of the military commander, he's not talking about the Amazigh people.

[@BattleBrotherZuriel]

@@kalt4689 Big oof my guy.

[@blakesexton2258]

@K Alt that is not at all where the term barbarian comes from

[@khadaareofficial7992]

Qutuz knew letting Baibars back to Egypt would not only put risk to his power of possession, but also his life and he still choose to defend the umah no matter what. What a guy 🤌🏾

[@MongoIndyleo]

Hey K&G! People have already been complaining about this but I assume you have some kind of contract with Established Titles that you can't get out of. I hope you drop this as soon as you can! You guys have had tons of sponsors so I bet you can find someone to replace ET pretty easily. Also, just so you know, the Japanese knives box thing that I've seen going around is owned by the same people that own ET. I think this is less of a scam since you still actually get real knives but I might cut ties with them simply to not encourage anybody with shady products.

[@blockmasterscott]

I was about to bring this up, ET is getting a pretty bad rep for scamming.

[@xKinjax]

@@MintyLime703 i don't think it's a difference in contracts, i think these videos are just made a month or more in advance to begin with and the ads are already paid for. They're not gonna go back through them all to edit out the ads and send the money back.

[@xKinjax]

The knives are a scam as well, they're just generic knives made in China, not Japan as advertised, bought for a few dollars each and then resold at a huge profit. There's been videos about the knife scam around for a while now but people just care about their own pocket, they don't care if their viewers are getting scammed.

[@fintonmainz7845]

@@xKinjax They would if they were honest.

[@s.omarhassan2560]

Thank you K&G for this video about an under explored area of our history.

[@ataranaoahakaraaf3786]

he was truly great strategic and tactic warrior-king named baibar the egyptian-mamluk with northern-steppe-origins to come so far from a slave-child to a king to defeat the mongols is just a impressive deed.

[@mahmoudnh9690]

as a man who was born and raised In the small town of Krak des chevaliers, I felt kinda proud when it got mentioned since this is the first time I have seen it in a historical video

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

The Mamlūks in Egypt and Syria: the Turkish Mamlūk sultanate (648-784/ 1250-1382) and the Circassian Mamlūk sultanate (784-923/1382-1517) amalia levanoni The Turkish era of the Mamlūk sultanate The Mamlūks’ rise to power: a decade of trial and error The Arabic term mamlūk literally means ‘owned’ or ‘slave’, and was used for the white Turkish slaves of pagan origins, purchased from Central Asia and the Eurasian steppes by Muslim rulers to serve as soldiers in their armies. Levanoni, A. (2010). The Mamlūks in Egypt and Syria: The Turkish Mamlūk sultanate (648-784/1250-1382) and the Circassian Mamlūk sultanate (784-923/1382-1517). In M. Fierro (Ed.), The New Cambridge History of Islam (The New Cambridge History of Islam, pp. 237-284). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[@scourgeofgodattila579]

Jalal Al-Din Mangburni defeated the Mongols 11 times. Jalal Al-Din>Alauddin Khilji+Baibars

[@husseinboulahlib2839]

White Turkish slaves ??? , Arabs always mentioned the Turkic tribes as brown looking people .

[@hanooi7450]

That was quite the Go match played by Baybars against the Ilkhanate. He managed to reinforce his positions while surrounding the Ilkhan with the Golden Horde.

[@Gadanfer]

‏و مِن أعْجبِ العَجَب .. تَهديدُ الليوثِ بالرُّتوث .. و السباعِ بالضِباع .. و الكُماتِ بالكِراع .. لا يصدَعُ قلوبَنا شديد .. و جَمعُنا لا يُرَاعُ بتهديد .. بقوةِ العزيزِ الحميد .. - سيف الدين قطز

[@ahmeda6591]

Bybars has married Berke's daughter as a sign of their alliance, so it is unlikely that Berke viewed the Mamluks as lower in rank or believed that they were his subjects

[@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory]

That's exactly what the Mongols would do. Such marriage ties were common means the Mongols used to try and ensure submission of their vassals; Berke also tried to arrange marriage ties with the Hungarians for this purpose.

[@ahmeda6591]

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory guess we conceive things differently nowadays then. I'm a fan of your channel btw

[@goldeneaglepower9845]

Beibairs was kypshak origin, Ketbuga was naiman origin. Both are highly praised among Kazakhs, because Beibars sultan was born in their stepps and Kypshaks are backbone of Kazakhs. Kazakhs also have a great folk melody called Aqsaq Qulan (crippled foal), about how the death of Jochi happened. When Genghis Khan heard that melody played by Ketbuga, he understood that his son was dead. The thing is, Genghis Khan told that any messenger who would tell him about death of his sons, would be killed immediately, and everyone was silent about the death of Juchi, but Ketbuga risked and played that melody without words, by the end Genghis was full of tears.

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

Turkic vs Mongolized Turkic😅 Naiman was a Siberian Turkic language before Mongolization and Kipchakization

[@orton4357]

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 Doesn't matter, mongols and turks derive from one roots the main difference is linguistics

[@1212-m6b]

Dude stop your kazaksness. Kazak did not exist as a nation. Baibars was cuman, he was described like white man with blondish hair with blue eyes. Kazakh dont have any blondes. Kazakhs were not even muslim when they were raiding islamic world with mongols. Baibars would be closer to tatars, bashkirs, kumyks.

[@goldeneaglepower9845]

@@1212-m6b Why do you made so aggressive comment? I just mentioned few things that I know. You need to be more constructive in your criticism. Kazakhs did exist at that point there some genetic evidences, developed in recent years. Thats why I highlighted that Kyphcaks are backbone of Kazakhs. Look at kazakhs, they look abosulutely different from one another. There ginger dudes with blue eyes, at the same time you can find pure mongolic features or even arabic, iranian features. So your point on kypchaks were white not really clear. Kyivan Rus principalities docs describes kypchaks as unity of different looking people. It might be also true that Kypchaks also backbone of Bashkirs and Tatars, but they were different tribes. Kumyks were predominantly different tribes, they coexisted with Kypchaks, perhaps they lived in north Caucasus region long before Mongols arrived. Ketbuga is a legend of naimans, majority of whom became a part of Kazakhs, and then Kyrgyz and Uzbek people. But only among Kazakh naimans Ketbuga remains for such a long time. Do your homework before being offensive for no reason.d

[@1212-m6b]

@@goldeneaglepower9845 just dont get it. You guys feel pride about Gengiz khan that he was or he may have been kazakh who killed million of muslims yet again feel pride about a muslim who won against them. Bro stop bullshit. The current kazakhs are 80-90% mongoloid. You guys dont have iranian or european appearance unless person mixed up with russians, germans, caucasian, uzbeks, uygurs.

[@sagaramskp]

It's so interesting to note that race was so fluid in islamic world. The faith United and races didn't matter much, whether they were Arabs, moors, Turks, Qipchak, or mongol, or a sudani. U can climb the ladder if u r talented and ur racial background won't hold u back. A mongol sultan among Mamluks was a crazy thing. Can't imagine such a turn of events in western world where racism is so deep rooted. Remember an episode in K&G about a muslim African governor in India.

[@tatarcavalry2342]

Qipchak is a branch of Turk Turk is the general term for Oghuzs Qipchaks etc.

[@MyBuzzL]

@الأزدي ummayad is still the most racist that muslim leader ever have. yes, they do not differentiate their subject like europe colonization, but the governor was always arabic, whether in eastest central asia or westest berber north africa. and because of this racism, abbasid can exploit the enemy especially persian to rebel against ummayad and make abbasid the new caliph

[@Achxlx]

in a way they were more progressive than European colonists.

[@migspeculates]

because believe it or not, the "islamic world" was neither 100% middle eastern, 100% arab, 100% sunni nor 100% arab-speaking.

[@migspeculates]

​@@Achxlxthe west european colonial powers only emerged from insignificance to a global presence in the 14th to 15th centuries so whatever outdated and medieval mindsets they had for the last millenia persisted until the rise of the United States of America. Granted, not all Europeans were ignorant of global affairs. The Byzantines, the Venetians and the Russians have been exposed to the east long before the European Renaissance.

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

On the other hand, as has been recently pointed out, though the beginning of Bahri rule is usually dated to 1250, none of the first five sultans were, in fact, members of the Bahriyya. 32 The Arabic sources for the period refer to the dynasty as the dawlat al-atrak, dawlat al-turk, or al- dawla al-turkiyya (i.e. dynasty of the Turks), in recognition of the racial or ethnic group which predominated in the mamluk caste during this period, and to distinguish it from the Burji sultanate in which mamluks Northrup, L. (1998). The Bahrī Mamlūk sultanate, 1250-1390. In C. Petry (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Egypt (The Cambridge History of Egypt, pp. 242-289). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory]

How is it that there is always someone who arrives on these videos to immediately copy/paste sections like these? Do you just have them on hand in a document whenever a relevant videois posted? Do you find them from older videos?

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Some people do advanced research on google books/Jstor/google scholar and share those sources via discord/telegram/instagram etc.

[@tatarcavalry2342]

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Turkish source paste team you can find them nearly at all videos about turks and there is a guy named van dare who tries to deturcify ottomans he is at every single ottoman video lol

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@tatarcavalry2342 Van Dare/Vangelis Skia is extremely jealous/angry about the entire Turkic vs Hellenic topics

[@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory]

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 I am glad at least, there are people other than myself who have read the Cambridge history series

[@brokenbridge6316]

Baybars more than anyone else in history probably had the best strategy in fighting the Mongol threat. One that the Europeans sadly didn't take to heart.

[@Abdullah_the_Palestinian]

The Hungarians did

[@brokenbridge6316]

@@Abdullah_the_Palestinian---Explain. Please.

[@Abdullah_the_Palestinian]

@@brokenbridge6316 they built a network of fortresses with catapults that where near each other. Each time the Mongols would besiege one fortress a relief force from another would Sally out in sorties.

[@brokenbridge6316]

@@Abdullah_the_Palestinian---If you insist

[@LeeroyGgJenkins]

Tldr: Established Titles is not legit check out Scott Shaffer's video about it. Is it true if you buy land in Scotland Are you a lord? "First and foremost, you are not the owner of any land in Scotland despite what this company might have led you to believe," Andy Wightman, a former Green Member of the Scottish Parliament, wrote in an open letter to nominees. “You have also not been given any right to style yourself Lord or Lady of Glencoe

[@iamyourfather9391]

Has there been a video on the Chinese defenses against Mongols? The 60 year campaign against the Mongols in Sichuan is very interesting and deserved remembering- it costed Mongke Khan his life against Chinese cannons. If there already is a video on it please help guide me to it :)

[@IreliAmBad]

There's a KZbin channel called "strategy stuff" you might like. He has a video on the mongol conquest of china, with the strategic considerations of both sides. And another video on the older steppe peoples with a VERY indepth analysis on Chinese strategy against them.

[@IreliAmBad]

Neither really deal with mongke. But figured I'd mention it regardless.

[@iamyourfather9391]

@@IreliAmBad Alright I'll check that out, thanks!

[@ahmetsagay3137]

🙌🙌🙌

[@weaver1507]

Lol his name was monkey Khan 🐒 lol 😂.

[@garydrawsandpaints7745]

Holy Moly!! I’m enthralled at the strategy and narrative AND THEN! That Homicidal Satanic Eskimo shows up at 11:55 and I was so scared I couldn’t focus on anything else. What were you folks in the art department thinking of anyways?

[@ManjeetSingh-ko6tj]

Clicked the video within 10s after the upload . No second thoughts for k&g. Always the best👌

[@thewarriorfrog]

Then, on 3 September 1260, the Mongol forces met the army of the Egyptian Mamluks at the Spring of Goliath ('Ayn Jaliit) north of Jerusalem. The Mongol army contained a large admixture of Turks. The ethnic composition of the Mamluk army was very similar, in that it was mostly recruited from Turkish and Caucasian slaves, who had been purchased, trained and emancipated, whence the name: mamluk, 'possessed'. Spuler, B. (1977). The disintegration of the caliphate in the east. In P. Holt, A. Lambton, & B. Lewis (Eds.), The Cambridge History of Islam (The Cambridge History of Islam, pp. 141-174). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[@scourgeofgodattila579]

Jalal Al-Din Mangburni defeated the Mongols 11 times. Jalal Al-Din>Alauddin Khilji+Baibars

[@meta196]

m̲o̲n̲g̲o̲l̲s̲ ̲h̲a̲d̲ ̲p̲l̲e̲n̲t̲y̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲c̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲s̲ ̲a̲c̲t̲u̲a̲l̲l̲y̲

[@meta196]

m̟o̟n̟g̟o̟l̟s̟ ̟h̟a̟d̟ ̟p̟l̟e̟n̟t̟y̟ ̟o̟f̟ ̟c̟h̟r̟i̟s̟t̟i̟a̟n̟s̟ ̟a̟c̟t̟u̟a̟l̟l̟y̟

[@penguasakucing8136]

I love how J.M. Smith titled his article on this: "Nomads on Ponies vs. Slaves on Horses"

[@tedhubertcrusio372]

You mean slaves on stallions?

[@penguasakucing8136]

Ask J.M. Smith who wrote the hilarious title. But yeah it rhymes better. Either way, Mamluks sourced their horses from Al-Barqa (Cyrenaica), and fine steeds they are

[@sayuas4293]

Baybars was a genius level general and statesman, he is totally underrated and belongs up there with Saladin

[@iamleoooo]

Berke: hmm... It's good to be a muslim and a mongol Hulagu: hmm... It's good to burn Baghdad to ash Berke: YOU WHAT?!

[@olegnoleg8158]

i find it astonishing that the mongols throughout the entirety of its empire's life has almost fought everyone known in the civilized world. they fought from japan to india, from china to russia, and from egypt to vietnam. amazing.

[@andanandan6061]

They went as far as Malay & Indonesia but they got defeated or maybe the correct word is they were deceived and back stabbed. Local ruler use Mongol troops to kick out Mongol troops. That may sound crazy but that is what happent

[@Illias365]

@@andanandan6061no. The mongols first sailed there because they were asked for help to defeat Indonesian king who was trying to expand his empire, by the time the mongols got there though that king was already overthrown by rebels. The mongols felt cheated and the son of the king who was overthrown who was still fighting against the rebels made a truce with the mongols to help them kill all the rebels and regain empire. After a while those mongol soldiers got less and less in numbers due to death in battle and tropical diseases. The kings son saw an opportunity and turned on the mongols killing them all and restoring his empire all with a force of less than 10,000 or so troops.

[@thewarriorfrog]

There were 4 nations which have managed to defeat the 1200's Mongols in war ; Javanese (Majapahit), Turks (Khalji & Bahri Mamluks), Japanese, Vietnamese (Dai Viet). Mongols of the first half of the 13th century however were unstoppable

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@yousafdaudzai3078 Afghanized Turkic people of Khalaj origin, there are like 6-7 Afghan tribes who have Turkic origins

[@MrHoonza]

Mongols conquered Sumatra Island. Viets are Mongols multi invade after they suggested to be Mongols alliance. They conquered Fukuoka island. But they know samurais will defend them midnight. Then they slept on the boats while hurricane. Turks are Turcix. Not today's Turkeys. Why Afghanistan's capitol is named Kabul who is establisher of Mongols! To be stupid must need document! LoL 😂

[@yaralikatil]

@@submeoff3297 simply no

[@Khan_dakid]

You do know that the 13th century and the 1200s are the same thing right

[@tafad5138]

Japanese not defeteating mongol, it was typhoon

[@Mirko1913]

Hats off to Kings and Generals! With love, from Bulgaria

[@156Rafi]

Established Titles has a strong probability of being a scam, please be aware of it, investigate it on your own, and be vigilant for the next one. Honestly can't blame them for taking the sponsorship, it sounds amazing and mutually beneficial; but for the sake of the viewers, please be vigilant and careful of such a offer. Edited to sound less of a lecture.

[@megadwarf4714]

this

[@GC13]

I think they're just fulfilling their contracted obligation. There's no pinned comment for it this time, and oh boy did they get an earfull about Established Titles in their Why was Italy Disunited video.

[@khadaareofficial7992]

I Hope you could’ve talked more bout Qutuz, because he’s the man who defeated them. Of course Baibers was a huge boost, but Qutuz‘s words and the famous speach he made was what make the people face the mongols fearlessly.

[@calidone7661]

as far as i know battle tactic in ain jalut came from baibars

[@marzblackbannerz6278]

I wish you guys understood Arabic to fully understand the weight of Sultan Qutuz's reply to Hulegu's written threat..stronger diss than Pac's hit em up lol

[@ElBandito]

Pre-gunpowder era, the only way to reliably defeat the Mongols on the field was to swiftly engage them with heavy cavalry and force a melee fight. Kinda like how Otto I won against the Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld.

[@aburoach9268]

No, you need to surprise and ambush them while quickly closing the distance or trapping them, Or else they'll destroy your heavy cavalry with arrow volleys while keeping their distance / You cannot beat them with just heavy cav in a conventional sense unless you have horse archer heavy cav of your own which the mamelukes had

[@liamjm9278]

@@aburoach9268 Arrows don't penetrate heavy armor.

[@batsman27]

@@aburoach9268 well ambushes would work against pretty much any army

[@aburoach9268]

@@liamjm9278 they do penetrate heavy armor depending on the poundage, arrow weight and distance of shot, the limbs are never that well protected as the chest and helmet + plate wasn't common during that period and even if it was, only the breast plate, vizor and helmet would be arrow proof Horses often are not armored and even with armor the legs still remain vulnerable

[@aburoach9268]

@@batsman27 that's exactly why one is supposed to use them against the mongols

[@mikemodugno5879]

A K&G video almost every day this week! Could it get any better?

[@MrMacavity]

Awesome work as always 👍 always nice to see more videos and history

[@thewarriorfrog]

Mamlūk authors almost always refer to their Sultanate as " the state of the Turks " ( dawlat al - atrāk dawlat al - turk/ al - dawla al - turkiyya ) . They usually seem to be aware of the fact that the reign of the “ Turks " Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam,Volume 39 Magnes Press, The Hebrew University., 2012

[@williemherbert1456]

@@ziyadpepe6291 That's one of place where they were sourced from, but in truth these are vastly diverse folks from many origins, there are Cuman, Kipchak, Avar, Bolgar, Turks, Mongol, Tatar, Circassian, etc, but with one similarity, being enslaved and sold out into market in Persia and Arabia as slave that could either be hired as mercenary, household tenant, cattle slave, or even assisting scribe, but mostly those from Central Asia would be turned into personal mercenary.

[@thanos7715]

turks trying to take credit, no they have nothing to do with modern day turks chill the fuck out

[@scourgeofgodattila579]

Jalal Al-Din Mangburni defeated the Mongols 11 times. Jalal Al-Din>Alauddin Khilji+Baibars

[@meta196]

>T̼̼̖̾͟͞h̨͚͚͖ͯ̒̄͗͞ḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧ H͇͇̹͊ͪ́̕ͅḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧb͔͔̳͈̊̆ͥ͂͜͝ṛ̣̬̫̍͌ͩ͟ḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧw̡̻̻̣͚̒̀ͅ U̝̝̝̲̦ͣ͋͛̊n̫̫̘̗͕̲̲̎ͥi̧̻̻͉̜͑ͪ̾͟v̹̹̘̼̞̻͆ͩ̓ͪ͢ḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧṛ̣̬̫̍͌ͩ͟s̨̞̞̰͎͎̪̩͕̈́̀ͯ̍ͧͅi̧̻̻͉̜͑ͪ̾͟t͖͖̠̬͛y͙͙̪̰ͫ͌́

[@muhammadalrubah8672]

Bahriya Mamluks actually means in arabic ( Naval Mamluks ) because their fort in cairo was on the shores of an area called Aljazeera which also means the Island

[@WastelandRegis]

My Saturday morning routine is to make coffee and watch your channel. Love your videos. Keep up the fantastic work!

[@sk1ppercat912]

I’m assuming they focused on defending against an early archer rush. Then used there market bonus to get up to castle fast. Then attempted to stop the mongols from getting too many castles up and getting to a death ball of mangudai. As they have a bonus against siege rams don’t work well so again using there bonuses to get up to imp and start Trebbing down the castles.

[@okaninhoo]

How can we describe Sultan Baibars? IMAGINE SHOOTING A MAN WITH YOUR LAST BULLET AND HE STANDS THERE UNPHASED!!!!

[@jeremychau2322]

Baybars was such a great sultan

[@MarouenAK]

@@daniel_bart turks were slaves of everyone at that time

[@TheSwirlyMango]

Consider dropping the sponsor Established Titles, some recent controversy coming to light from them.

[@Rodzyniastyyyy]

Established Titles is a scam. Don't touch it even with a stick.

[@nenenindonu]

The Khalji Mamluks of the Delhi Sultanate also had a series of great defensive victories against the Mongols with Alauddin Khalji doing most of the work, Medieval Mamluks were a Mongol's nemesis :)

[@nenenindonu]

@Los Blancos Bruh... Mamluk is not an ethnicity all the five ruling Dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate were technically Mamluks

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@9/11 was done by bush afghanized Turkic people KHALAJ PEOPLE

[@hassanabdulsalam1000]

@@nenenindonu Khiljis only defeated jagatai khanate weakest of mongol khanate and they were more turkic than Mongols

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@hassanabdulsalam1000 They had still huge army (500k)

[@hassanabdulsalam1000]

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 they say alaudin khilji had more than 1000 elephant in one battle

[@yaqubonnet]

Superb! As always K&G never disappoints!

[@rolex6170]

i refreshed my memory of the mamluks from ur video. thanks! i cud recollect much of it and yes ur references as always are correct

[@PristianoPenaldoSUIIII]

As someone playing the medieval 2 total war campaign, this video has been very helpful.

[@claudiapalermo9793]

Which faction did you choose?

[@PristianoPenaldoSUIIII]

@@claudiapalermo9793 turks 🗿

[@abdelrahmanmahgoub8669]

The peak number of Mamluks in Egypt is around 8000 by the time of Qalawun's rule and not all of them were even soldiers some of them were personal servants and workers. The core of the army at that time were comprised of "Halaqa" soldiers who were free trained soldiers of native Egyptians, and their number were around 15 to 20 thousand during conflict time and the second to them were reserve soldiers and volunteers from various professions upon the call for "Jehad" in villages and cities across the country according to historians who recorded these events and some of these historians were sons of former mamluks who were eventually assimilated into the local community. There is an over-amplifying of the significance of slave trade on the success of the sultanate of Egypt specially on the early conflict with the Mongols when the inner conflicts and schism between the mamluks were still active and the mamluks assimilation system was still immature.

[@calidone7661]

even majority of the army was local arabs; i think it's because the core professionals and leaders. especially ain jalut was a classical feigned retreat. i also think bedouin cavalry was highly skilled in this kind of tactical understanding.

[@abdelrahmanmahgoub8669]

@@calidone7661 Bedouin Arabs also were not largely involved in the conflict due to their conflict with early Ayyubids and later with the sultanate of Egypt, Salaheddin himself had major incidents with Arab tribes and forced all Arab tribes living to the east of the Nile delta to be displaced to upper Egypt or to the Maghreb out of fear of their alliance with crusaders. The relationship between mamluk sultans and Arabs were even worse as they saw Arab tribes as source of disruption and forced majority of them out of Egypt to the Nubian kingdom of Makuria "North Sudan".

[@arda213]

@@calidone7661 Arabs didnt call Mamluk Empire ed dewlet-ul Turkiyya for no reason. This revisionist friend above is having hard time admitting it but throughout the middle ages after the Abbasid Empire was no more, Turks have been the sword of islam for the last 1000 years.

[@calidone7661]

@@arda213 nations age like people. once they were young; fast and furious. straight out from heart of the desert, all the way from france to china. this scale of conquest should not be overlooked.

[@trillmoney263]

@@abdelrahmanmahgoub8669wrong the ayyubids were Arabs. And a lot of the mamluk soldiers were arab Bedouins. Isa ibn muhanna fought in 2 battle of Homs and he was the mvp on the mamluks side. The first battle of Homs was ayyubids vs mongols.

[@Ifyoucanreadthisgooglebroke]

The specifics here are hard to incorporate into late game strats, just gonna stick to making more Mameluks(sp) to counter the Mangudai.

[@tedhubertcrusio372]

Mongol stans in AoE2: *screaming internally as their Town center gets rekt by Saracen scorpions and Teuton trebuchets, while the Franks sit pretty in their farms, farming resources with the Spanish*

[@perrytran9504]

@@tedhubertcrusio372 If it's AoE 2 they'd all just be raging at the Franks player the whole game for being OP. Spanish and Saracens both cry at being underpowered after they die early, Teutons loses despite his deathball because he's a noob who doesn't know how to protect his siege onagers, Mongols got knocked out slightly earlier because he failed to make full use of his insane dark age and sputtered out in castle age.

[@arda213]

Aoe2 unfortunately is so vague as a history game. Mamluks are sword throwing Arabic speaking camelry.

[@AlptheSpearo]

Mamluks are also popular. Because they were the only state that defeated and stopped the Mongols, magnificently objective western sources call the Mamluks an Egyptian (!) state, similar to the Pechenegs, the Avars, even though the Mamluk sources generally record the name of their state as "ed-Devletü't-Türkiyye" (Turkish State).Also Baybars is Turkish. Good video man.

[@benjauron5873]

Oh, shit! Established Titles is still finding promoters! I thought I was the last person to get the news that it was a scam! Guess not...

[@JangoChained]

Man I can't explain how much I love these videos

[@andanandan6061]

Mongol was basically the Nazi/Japan imperial army of medieval while Mamluk was US and allies.

[@BenDexter1945]

True

[@craighaynes5885]

History is so mighty.

[@Dieter-Doeddel]

Please do a video on Scottish medieval customs next, especially how to become a "laird" after purchasing a handful of Scottish soil! Heard a lot of Mamluks became Lords thanks to that custom. 🤣

[@milanjudak7574]

cant believe people were stupid enough to take it seriously is everybody in Scotland a Lord because they have a house there?

[@Dieter-Doeddel]

@@milanjudak7574 Kings and Generals was apparently fully convinced of the sincerity of their ad partner. Quite dumb of them, I agree! 🤣

[@milanjudak7574]

@@Dieter-Doeddel would still be a fun souvenir if it was cheaper and they actually plant some trees even when the entire tree-carbon thing is nonsense

[@arthas640]

@@Dieter-Doeddel this charity always bugged me since they cant even sub divide the land the way they describe even if the custom was real. you cant just buy 1sqft of land in most countries. Companies claiming to plant trees for charity is also a field rife with scams since so few actually plant any trees and of those that do most dont do a good job of it and the trees are often planted in areas the trees cant survive so most die before the end of their first year.

[@orkunyucel3095]

Both armies had mainly good mounted archers and good light and heavy cavalry. The Mamluk Sultanate was ruled by Turkic Kipchaks and Caucasian Circassians. The army was made mainly of these two groups. The Mamluk Sultanate is the successor of the Ayyubid Sultanate, which is also of Turkic origin. In those years, Turkic Kipchak youth and Caucasian Circassian youth were enslaved in Central Asia and Eurasia during Mongol attacks and sold as slave soldiers to some countries in the Middle East. The Turkic Ayyubid Dynasty used these Turkic Kipchak and Caucasian Circassian youth in their armies after training them in a good military school. The Ayyubid army consisted mainly of these two groups. In the beginning, Turkic groups were much more. However, these soldiers had taken over the sultanate after a coup d'etat and established the Mamluk Sultanate. The word Mamluk means 'Slave' in Arabic. The language of agreement in the Mamluk Sultanate was Western Turkish, a mixture of Kipchak and Oghuz. In the past, only Arabic and Persian education was given in Madrasahs and Turkish was not a language taught in Madrasahs. For this reason, if someone in the Middle East speaks Turkish or writes in Turkish at that time, that person is Turkish. This is a litmus paper for understanding that period. "Kitâbu Bulgatü'l-Müştâk Fî Lügati't-Türk Ve'l-Kıfçak" , "Kitâbü'l-Ef'al" and "Kitâb-ı Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî ve Mugalî” are some examples written in Mamluk Kipchak language.

[@faeezf]

Lord Mark Felton and Lord Kings & Generals, please make a video about the legitimacy of Establish Titles

[@beachboy0505]

Excellent video 📹 A COMPREHENSIVE VIDEO FOR A SATURDAY AFTERNOON.

[@kmmmsyr9883]

Guys, we love you and your incredible videos, but please stop the Established Titles sponsorship already. Sure, you maybe didn't know it was a scam at first, but everyone is commenting that it's a scam for the last few videos. It's the time to stop the sponsorship and let your viewers know about the situation. Your prestige in the eyes of viewers drop with every sponsorship you do with them after their scam became publicly known.

[@sarim9574]

@13:20 The defense tactic is very interesting, because I think that was the Crusader policy in the early 12th century in which the 4 Crusader principalities agreed to join in defense against any Muslim offensive.

[@matthewstromberg8272]

At the beginning of the video I thought I heard you say "memes" not "means", and I pictured hand drawn memes being sent to the Mongols to confuse or entertain them.

[@Lord_Retrospect]

best ad copy ever , big ups yourself

[@me0101001000]

I highly encourage you to drop your sponsorship by Established Titles. There have been some probes into the integrity of the company, and the findings have not been very flattering.

[@daarom3472]

Mamlukes have bonus damage against Mangudai, drill Siege Ram also dies to Mamluke.

[@AllFather-TheStoicGod]

Honestly, *a separate Mongols channel* could easily be established by K & G. It would outnumber every other topic on this current channel. 😂💀

[@mr.bluefox3511]

I doubt that would be the case, the Mongols has alot of subject to discuss for a year or two if you looking heavily into all kind if source metarial throughout the ages ... but definitely not going to outnumbered almost the entire human history from all corners of this Earth, that the channel has cover for years now :-/

[@AllFather-TheStoicGod]

@@mr.bluefox3511 You're incorrect. I counted them. This isn't my first post stating this, either. Run a search for all of 2020 including their podcasts. Second runner up, by far, is Rome which is understandable.

[@mr.bluefox3511]

@@AllFather-TheStoicGod I'm not sure what its your points however, first post and all. I'm just thinking K&G making an entire Channel for Mongol contents isn't a good ideal for there team, in the long term. I'm pretty sure that would be a hell of a educational place, but the channel will have limited amount of contents to cover, with limited time. After that said channel won't be "alive" for long, unless they branches outside Mongols subject. Not to mention it may have a significantly smaller audiences compare to the current K&G that pull peoples studing & interest in all different historical era to checking things they don't know much about. You are suggesting to people who make videos not only for there passion in educational, but also as a job. Why should they created a smaller channel with limitations to mostly one group if peoples in fixed timeline for a year or two, rather than keep working & maintaining K&G with the freedom to talk about all different subject back & forward, for the next 5 or event 10 more years. Even a less popular video has hundred thousand of peoples watch & rewatch.

[@AllFather-TheStoicGod]

@@mr.bluefox3511 It's right there in the first sentence. The point was succinct: they run too much content on Mongols, full stop.

[@Dieter-Doeddel]

Could you do an Established vs Titles video next? 🤗

[@semperfidelis9083]

The barid is still used in the arab world to this day. the word nowadays referring to "mail" in general and also Bardi Ilictroni "Email". Waffidiya in Arabic also means the comers or newcomers. which is a fitting term for Mongol refugees in Egypt.

[@mtuguj6366]

Mamlukes were a mixture of turkic and circassian people, the first state, Albahreyya, was turkic ruled mostly, with circassian presence especially under the rule of Qalawun, the second state, alburjeyya, was circassian dominated, but had also turkic rulers within it, most sultans or emirs names were turkic originated, even for those who were not turkic,the name baybas and title Aldhaher, was also given to one who lived few years before him under the rule of Najm eldin Ayyoub the king of egypt,who baybars himself served under later. There was baybars aljashenkir, a circassian, who was also sultan during the Albahreyya turkic dominated era. The names they carried were given names to them by their masters, and not necessarily were the names they were born with.. there was also a burjy circassian sultan called bars-bay, same meaning of baybars, but flipped.. Tuman Bay, Qaitbay, and others, all the names they carried were given by the masters that bought and raised them, take Baybars as an example: Aldhaher Rukn Aldeen Baybars Albandaqdary AlSalehy Alnajmy, Aldhaher, a title he gave himself when became a sultan and means the one who over shadows or overcome others, RuknAldeen, an arabic given name to him by his master, Baybars, a turkic given name to him, Albandaqdary, in reference to his master, prince Alaa aldeen idekin Albandaqdary, AlSalehy, reference to him belonging to the late sultan of Egypt. King Alsaleh Najm Aldeen Ayyoub,, Alnajmy Reference to his later Emir Saif Aldeen Aqtay (Uktay) Alala'y Alnajmy.

[@okaninhoo]

Friendly reminder. The Mameluks were of Turkic/Kypchak origin.

[@Mysteriousman355]

Turk and Arab of course

[@okaninhoo]

@@Mysteriousman355 I am talking about the leader Class like Sultan Baibars for example.

[@bakhtiyardabylov648]

Don't forget also cherkesses among them. Our cherkess brothers were one of the bravest knights in the second millenia. Their brightness ended when they massacred by Russian empire in long bloody Caucasian war. Much love from kazakh to all history lovers.

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@Mysteriousman355 On the other hand, as has been recently pointed out, though the beginning of Bahri rule is usually dated to 1250, none of the first five sultans were, in fact, members of the Bahriyya. 32 The Arabic sources for the period refer to the dynasty as the dawlat al-atrak, dawlat al-turk, or al- dawla al-turkiyya (i.e. dynasty of the Turks), in recognition of the racial or ethnic group which predominated in the mamluk caste during this period, and to distinguish it from the Burji sultanate in which mamluks Northrup, L. (1998). The Bahrī Mamlūk sultanate, 1250-1390. In C. Petry (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Egypt (The Cambridge History of Egypt, pp. 242-289). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[@Mysteriousman355]

@@okaninhoo of course you talking about baibars the right hand of sultan qutuz

[@HistoryoftheUmmah]

Why where the Mamluks so successful? Just imagine from the age of 6 you get enrolled into a military school and taught the art of war and how to govern a country. That single generation of kids destroyed the Crusaders and the Mongols, and produced the likes of Qutuz, Baibars and Qalawun.

[@kalt4689]

As a Mongol, I did not know this at all. Great to know. Thank you

[@prinznoir7371]

You are not mongol :)

[@prsimoibn2710]

Am not surprised, you are supposed to stay ignorant and to hate the people that we want you to hate, so we can use you for our goals. *I love the Mongols* especially when they kill my enemies

[@kalt4689]

@@prsimoibn2710 You make no sense. Our ancestors wanted to unite the Earth under one sky “Tengeri.”. That was our goal, you can try to steal our thunder, but you can’t change history.

[@prsimoibn2710]

@@kalt4689 do you a have old universities and books and tradition? We sell you vegetables and alcohol, you give us soldiers to invade middle east. That's the deal take it or leave it

[@kalt4689]

@@prinznoir7371 grow up kid

[@sidp5381]

I was wondering if you guys will redo the Ottoman conquest of Egypt with better graphics

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep

[@abdallaha92]

@@KingsandGenerals If you guys want to do the 1st Ottoman Mamluk war, I suggest Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91. There he goes into detail about the battle of Aga cayiri.

[@fatechance4013]

@@KingsandGenerals i think you're missing mongol invasion on SEA region especially on Singasari kingdom before the rise of Majapahit empire.

[@ElBandito]

K&G continues to provide us valuable knowledge in an entertaining form, without costing us anything.

[@MasterMalrubius]

Why not support them?

[@ElBandito]

@@MasterMalrubius I will definitely do that.

[@ckaiborbor]

Freakin’ love you guys. Thanks as always 🙏🏾

[@brainblox5629]

Medieval times are basically Mongols and Turks being anime main characters fighting their rivalry battles all over the world and the rest of Europe and North Africa just being the background scenery

[@goldgen7352]

Yeah 😂

[@nomadhistorian3028]

Victory is a grace from Allah. Allah made it only as glad tidings, and that your hearts be at rest therewith. And there is no victory except from Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.

[@arda213]

Mongols fucked all the way to tge very opposite edge of the Islamic world and you still call it a grace from Allah ? Was it the grace of Allah when Hulagu conquered Baghdad and killed the caliph ?

[@nomadhistorian3028]

@Mafoom Beh You are the one who is so idiot to believe that his maker and the maker of galaxies and universe can’t be able to do something. It amazing when your type of people try to portray themselves as smart.

[@Abdulrahman-wp7zz]

​@@arda213 في النهايه حفظ الله هذا الدين في الاسلام, ان يسلم شخص واحد شيء عظيم فالحكمه ان ملايين من البشر في هذاك الوقت دخلوا الاسلام الحياه قصيره وكل مافي الحياه سيذهب ولن ينفعك في الاخره الا ايمانك والمسلمين مكلفون بنشر الرساله الاخيره والدين الكامل الذي اكمله الله وسيحفظه الى قيام الساعه

[@arda213]

@@Abdulrahman-wp7zz Sorry, I dont understand camel piss.

[@west_samurai0276]

It's great Sultan Beibarys 🇰🇿

[@1212-m6b]

Sultan Baibars had nothing to do with you guys. Read about his description. He was white man with more blondish hair and with blue eyes. Can you show me one kazak who is blonde? Baibars would be closer to tatars, bashkirs, kumyks not to kazakhs.

[@turcarumimperator1395]

@@1212-m6b sultan baibars was not white. as you mentioned in your comment, he was a Tatar and Turkic, and most importantly he was a Muslim. according to westerners, a muslim and turk can not be white.

[@ravil9634]

@@1212-m6b Stop whitewashing the Kipchaks and falsifying history for the sake of Eurocentrism and white supremacy. The Kipchaks, like the Türkics, have never been white. no matter how you white supremacists or their wannabes among the Caucasoid Turkic-speaking peoples do not want this.

[@kirey5477]

@@1212-m6b Imagine writing a comment so wrong

[@yousseph777]

The music/ background sounds, excellent!

[@scourgeofgodattila579]

The Mamluk Turks were the best empire in defeating the Mongols. While the Europeans-Chinese were losing incessantly to the Mongols, the Mamluks won a huge victory under the leadership of Turkic Sultan Qalavun. In the Second Battle of Homs, Qalavun defeated the army of the Mongol prince Möngke Timur,the Armenian King Leo II and the Georgian king Demerius II, consisting of a total of 80,000[1] soldiers, with only 30,000 soldiers.[2] Möngke Timur was seriously injured in this battle and he had to flee. Until then, no one in the world had ever seen such a victory, but after all, the mamluks always achieved the first and impossible. the Iranian-Georgian-Armenian history is a joke for Qalavun, who defeated the Mongols, the most powerful state of his era; it is a joke for Qalavun, who defeated 2 Armenian-Georgian kings and Mongol princes in the same battle about 3 times less. Upon this brilliant victory of Qalavun, the Mongol Khan Abaka died of grief.[3] The Mongols feared him so much that they could not attack the Mamluks again until Qalavun died. Qalawun was not content with this either,immediately after that he attacked the Crusaders and he defeated them many times. Qalawun was a commander who did things that no Iranian general could do. 1.Nicole,The Mongol Warlords,p.117 2. Waterson, James (2007). The Knights of Islam: The Wars of the Mamluks. London: Greenhill Boks,p.178 3.Peter Jackson,’’Abaqa’’,p.61-63

[@malleableconcrete]

Europeans weren't losing incessantly to the Mongols, in roughly the same period as the second battle of Homs the Hungarians managed to fight off a major invasion from the Golden Horde. The Poles defeated a similar invasion from the Horde soon after. Ultimately, between Eastern Europe, Japan, Egypt, Vietnam and to some degree India, by the 1280s the Mongols were realizing their hard limits as they couldn't seriously find much military success in their extremities anymore.

[@turcarumimperator1395]

@@malleableconcrete magyars were from asia, not europe. their fighting style was closer to the turks.

[@malleableconcrete]

@@turcarumimperator1395 Strange thing to say, by the 13th century Hungary had become integrated into the European mainstream and was a settled Christian society replete with things like castles and heavy knights. It was clearly European in every meaningful sense, even if Cuman refugees played a role in defending the kingdom.

[@arda213]

@@malleableconcrete True but dont forget even mainstream European warfare was influenced by Turkics. It was the Avars who introduced stirrups to Europe which led to the rise of the knights and couched lance. Both Germanic peoples and latins were infantry fighters culturally.

[@liu7781]

In fact the defeated mongols are just a small part of hulegu army’s, most of hulegu army went back to mongolia to fight for his throne, if they bring back their main army to Egypt, mongols would destroyed mamluk easily without a doubt

[@obebinaruobhuo3428]

Nice history of conquests and building of allies.

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

Ketbuga was also had Turkic background just like Baibars

[@arda213]

Yes he was a Naiman Turk. Naimans were Nestorian Christians. He was Hulagus favourite general.

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job

[@drakehashimoto685]

@Kings and Generals Great video as always guys, but Established Titles is a scam, check out Scott Shafer's vid about it, as much as his list of many content creators.

[@alittlepeaceandkarma]

Established Title, when you want to give someone a shit Christmas present 💩

[@AdairCorbin]

Please look into your sponsors . Established Titles is not a legit company.

[@RD-rm6qm]

Downvoted for the established title ad. Your channel is big enough, get credible sponsors

[@amjadkhan-jv6xj]

Great mongols defeated evrryone but slave kings of india and slave kings of Egypt defeated them. History is fascinating.

[@ragzaugustus]

Established Titles does not give you Real Titles at all, you don't get anything at all, the Laird title is limited to ONE per property and cannot be divided like that, more importantly, your "souvenir plots" can't be registered due to a prohibition as per Land Registration (Scotland) Act 2012, s 50 (2).

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

The fall of the Mamluks would be a great next episode.

[@scourgeofgodattila579]

Selim the Grim was a military genius just one click below Napoleon. May even be considered equal.

[@21stEidein]

@@scourgeofgodattila579 i mean, the Mamluks by the times of Selim were not at their best

[@Emir-ny5iq]

@@21stEidein still, it's quite impressive how he managed to conquer all of egypt in just 8 years. especially since there is a literal desert between cairo and anatolia.

[@scourgeofgodattila579]

@@Emir-ny5iq Not 8, 2 years.

[@jimster1111]

the entire youtube community now knows established titles is a scam. kings and generals should follow the other youtubers and drop established titles as a sponsor

[@ElacTeubusht]

My family are from Egypt.The our tribe(Ouglashoglu) Cuman-Kipchak origin.

[@rome5485]

Greetings from Turkey to our Turkic brothers.

[@lordwar4585]

Greetings from egypt

[@porothashawarma2339]

Do you still understand the language of your ancestors ? Or do you now speak Arabic ? Are you culturally an Arab or a Turk now ? And also do you marry within your own community or outside as well ?

[@ElacTeubusht]

@@porothashawarma2339 No, unfortunately I don't know our language. It disappeared a century ago.But my father used to say that my great-grandfather could speak this language very well. Although our culture is influenced by Arab culture, it is still based on nomadism.

[@doodoopoopoo1997]

@@ElacTeubusht there are still people in egypt that speak coptic, though its not very common

[@PeninsularArab127]

Qutuz had a royal blood. He was the nephew of Jalal al-Din Mangburni the last khawarazmshah of Khawarazmian kingdom. One of the first Islamic kingdoms to fight and perish on the hands of the Mongols.

[@enlilofnippur8409]

7:12 So the Mongols and Mamelukes were both predominantly cavalry forces, but the latter had superior armor, weapons, and training for extended close quarters combat? In what respect? Would *love* some more detail on that and things like it in other videos; if total time is a concern, even if at the expense of some of the “big picture” narrative.

[@ahmeteminerdogan9266]

You can check Mamluk weapon and armor sets that survived to this day. Mamluks were trained since their childhood in close combat as well as ranged warfare. They would carry a bow, a lance and a sword to the battle. Whereas Mongols being very skilled at horse riding, they didn't engage in close combat very often and would choose to skirmish instead. They are also not known for wearing heavy armor. Their success is largely due to quick mobilization of their self reliant, low cost tribesmen armies and well played psychological warfare. Mamluks were so confident in melee combat that when Ottomans came and defeated them with superior weapons such as bombards, the captured Mamluk leader would tell Selim the Grim that "if it wasn't for the gunpowder we would have easily crushed you". Additionally Napoleon too appreciated their mastery at sword and close combat and bravery during his invasion of Egypt. Mamluks were not destroyed when Ottomans took over, they continued to be a very dominant political/military group in the region until Mehmet Ali Pasha executed most of Mamluk emirs in a surprise night raid.

[@ahmeteminerdogan9266]

In fact the term "mamluk" may have originated in Ayyıbid Egypt but the tradition of slave soldiers originates from ghulam/ghilman/kölemen system that Abbasids established. There were many "mamluk" or "ghulam" states formed by these Turkic slaves, Ghaznavids, Sultanate of Delhi, Tolunids are a few of them.

[@najibullahnazari2213]

I'm Kipchak from Afghanistan 🇦🇫 and i love all Kipchaks peoples around the world. Long life too all Kipchaks peoples ❤