Did ancient Troy really exist? - Einav Zamir Dembin

If you enjoy this lesson, we highly recommend reading "Fallen Glory: The Lives and Deaths of History's Greatest Buildings." Discounted e-book versions available here: amzn.to/2LL50Zk
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View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/did-ancien...
When Homer’s Iliad was first written down in the eighth century BCE, the story of the Trojan war was already an old one. From existing oral tradition, audiences knew the tales of the long siege, the duels outside the city walls, and the trick that finally won the war. In the end, the city was burned to the ground, never to rise again. But had it ever existed? Einav Zamir Dembin investigates.
Lesson by Einav Zamir Dembin, directed by Cabong Studios.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Divina Grace Dar Santos, Brian Richards, Farah Abdelwahab, Joe Meyers, Mikhail Shkirev, Raphaël LAURENT, Malcolm Callis, Sweetmilkcoco, David Matthew Ezroj, Ever Granada, fatima kried, Begum Tutuncu, Lala Arguelles, Mehmet Sencer KARADAYI, Christian Kurch, SungGyeong Bae, Luis Felipe Ruiz Langenscheidt, Joe Huang, Rohan Gupta, Senjo Limbu, Martin Lau, Robson Martinho, Jason Garcia, Cailin Ramsey, Aaron Henson, John Saveland, Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, Sandy Nasser, QIUJING L BU, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Jaron Blackburn, Alejandro Cachoua, Thomas Mungavan, Elena Crescia, Edla Paniguel, Sarah Lundegaard, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Tim Armstrong, Erika Blanquez, Ricki Daniel Marbun, zjweele13, Judith Benavides, Ken, Caitlin de Falco, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Melvin Williams, Tirath Singh Pandher, Athena Grace Franco, Terry Minion, Ian McPherson, Mauricio Basso, Kelvin Lam, Jamesbo87, Tara Frost, Karlee Finch, Chumi Ogbonna, Barthélémy Michalon, Lefty McGoo, Lucas Pincerato, Prefer Anonymous, Mohamed Elsayed, Amin Shahril, Mihail Radu Pantilimon, Chris Thompson, Derek Drescher, Karisa Caudill, Zhong Ming Zenny Tan, Christina Salvatore, Brady Jones, Todd Gross, Alexis Hevia, Heidi Stolt, Daisy Trujillo, Robert Seik, Coenraad Keuning, Charles A Hershberger, Laura Cameron Keith, Abhishek Goel, Max Ngomane, Rafael Kato, Jen O'Hogan, Renu Balak, Marc Bou Zeid, JY Kang, Anastasiia, Madee Lo, Arpita Singh, Karl Laius, Barbarossa, Luca Oradini, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Melissa Rocha, Julia Fell, Guy Hardy, Rachel Chen, Sebastiaan Vleugels, Joel Alfonso, Tom Vu, Derya Goekcay, Brandy Sarver, Fernando Minardi, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Akinola Emmanuel, igor romanenko, Dian Atamyanov, Ernest Chang, Abhishek Bansal, Austin Randall, Ryan B Harvey, Jennifer Kurkoski, phkphk123321, Arlene Weston, Mehmet Yusuf Ertekin, Ten Cha, Les Howard, Kevin O'Leary, Francisco Leos, Prateek Shrivastava, Robert Patrick, Jorge, Marcus Appelbaum, Alan Wilder, Amin Talaei, Mohamed Elsayed, Aleksandr Lyozin, Eimann P. Evarola, Claire Ousey, Carlos H. Costa, Tariq Keblaoui, Bela Namyslik, Nick Johnson, Won Jang, Johnnie Graham, Junjie Huang, Harshita Jagdish Sahijwani, Amber Alexander, Yelena Baykova, Laurence McMillan, and John C. Vesey and Karmi Nguyen.

[@TEDEd]

If (like us) you're intrigued by lost cities, we recommend "Fallen Glory: The Lives and Deaths of History's Greatest Buildings." Download an e-book version here: amzn.to/2LL50Zk! For a limited time, our partners at Picador are offering a steep discount on these downloads, so don't miss this opportunity!

[@tumitumi1343]

Ted Ed

[@srigiri4725]

Nice animation

[@ajoyforever210]

TED-Ed Plz explain the concept of 'singularity'....

[@ants7279]

TED-Ed Take Your Shirt Off!!!!

[@revolutionarycomrade]

YOU PRONOUNCED ANCIENT WRONG EVERY TIME YOU SAID IT. IM HAVING AN ANEURYSM

[@Saimyoshu]

The voices in each of these videos give you that feel like your Mom/Dad is reading a book to you as a child.

[@tigarasab784512]

Sheldon Gunby My mom/dad never read a book for me :/

[@adflicto1]

Feelsbadman

[@Udontkno7]

tigarasab784512 tbh ://

[@RoseUnseen]

Sheldon Gunby gets me hard

[@josephliao9733]

Wish I had a mom or dad

[@thesweettooth8645]

This channel has questions I never knew I wanted answers to

[@saraq64]

Socratic method done right.

[@caniget600subscriberswitho5]

There should be 'of' instead of 'to'.

[@lorismartinoperfetto6908]

So true

[@minglingchinghismum3772]

I was your 1000th like

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@tombombadilofficial]

Car Salesman: *slaps trojan horse “This badboy can fit so much nothing in it”

[@aliehsan8738]

Why would a "car" salesman slap a horse.... Meme Correction Do it Right

[@franciscotadeia727]

ali ehsan why wouldn’t he? It’s a free world and car salesmen can slap everything that does not mind being slapped. HAIL DEMOCARACY

[@arandomguyyouwilllike9128]

Tom Bombadil *Greek wooden horse salesman

[@spinejackel]

Jeremy Kirkpatrick anywhere you can reach

[@chimaogeaniuha7773]

Hey Tom... How is Goldberry?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Well, we know about the Achaean raids on the Hittite territory, so there is at least some truth to the story.

[@whatmylifeis9267]

make some vids about the trogan war !

[@kal3n87]

Hey it's my favourite channel🙄

[@Udontkno7]

Awakened2Truth - Disciple of Jesus the Christ Yeah, ion trust people with that as their user or dodgy links.

[@christermi]

K&G are like everywhere , in every history channel's comment section lmao :-)

[@KingsandGenerals]

I watch an ungodly amount of youtube. :-)

[@creditsunknown7974]

A thing to add is how Schliemann not only dug, but also used something called dynamite, breaking a lot of the history and ruins.

[@sugawara9367]

I'm a kid and I already know so much because of you. I have told your channel to all my friends, that's how you know these lessons are worth sharing.

[@sugawara9367]

Thanks...I guess?

[@TheAlps36]

Never stop being curious - too many adults do

[@InfamousRafe]

Very impressive. Keep on feeding yourself knowledge and sharing what you know.

[@FlyingKoreanMinja]

While Martyr4JesusChrist is correct, it is a good way to help you enter the subject of the video. Stay curious and wanting to learn. You will go far in life.

[@SpudEater]

@@ants7279 Dude..wtf?

[@beytullahberk3632]

but the real question is; *does Australia exist?*

[@lelouchyagami703]

Well I don't know where I'm living then

[@namelastname5844]

Beytu Berk What kind of question is that? Or course it doesn’t!

[@theunknown9076]

Shhh.. Don't talk about it.. They are Illuminati

[@Udontkno7]

No. Just like Wyoming. It's only propaganda.

[@novelnouvel]

Nah, we must find new zealand first

[@dryboneskirby]

Well my friend is Troy but he’s only 23. I don’t know if that counts as ancient

[@Troygdesign]

dryboneskirby me too

[@binita4672]

Im laughing so hard omg

[@blankblank5409]

Is he 2500 years old? You might want to check

[@dapuente8611]

Bruh...

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@brimwithadreamofclutchin5285]

HECTOR!!!! HECTOOOORRR! HEC..TORRRRRR!!

[@esterelina]

Ian Ian The best scene in that travesty of a movie

[@TaraAby]

Lol I instantly thought of the same scene as well when Ted Ed mentioned hector on the wall

[@xshadionytpx7891]

PPRRIAAAAMMM

[@ryunakazawa947]

what the hec ?

[@shainer13]

Achilles :HECTOR HECTOOOOR!!!!!!! Hector: wadda want Now?..

[@schnieti]

Very very well made! These voiceovers alongside those wonderful illustrations are a pure pleasure. Thank you :)

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@kerankerai7872]

Behind all tales is a bit of truth. History just changes the stories

[@nazgulstew]

yep in real life it was a king who got his pet to tear out a man’s liver /j

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@arolemaprarath6615]

@@Universal.. Albanians are Greeks and Arabs mix

[@jellytoni7262]

The animation reminds me of the children's book that mom and dad used to read to me

[@ants7279]

The Dizler Booo!!!That book sucked hard Dongs,tell your Mom to shut up and Show Us Here BOOOBS!!!

[@ants7279]

Lex Jacob Your so old who even remembers does tings Lol Grandpa XD

[@malaijohanmalaiibrahim3736]

Night Shade=perfect example of a millennial

[@ants7279]

Malai Johan Malai Ibrahim A real One thats For shureXD

[@ipadair7345]

Night Shade You're Gen Z

[@yaa930]

"Helen, Love, Helen not of Troy, Helen of No-one but yourself; Were you glad when they all burned?" -The prettiest war that ever was (a.m)

[@jakugarcia]

"Immortality, take it, it's yours!"

[@akuljamwal3085]

Super pooper scoopers are just legends

[@AchillesBuena]

It lies beyond that beach. Lol.

[@caitlingrote8556]

- hands him some cheetos - Eat these and you'll have immortality AND orange dust everywhere!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@orionblues7304]

I absolutely love your videos. Keep up the great work! If you're taking any suggestions or requests, please make a video about Norse Mythology, particularly the one with Balder and mistletoe. And also the Greek myth about Lycoan and his sons. Thanks

[@nehap4769]

TED ED always amazes me with such interesting and informative videos. Thankyou so much !

[@thegamingpigeon3216]

It's really interesting, how both Troy and the Trojan War in a historical context went from simply being fiction to being pretty certain that both happened/existed.

[@RomanDonut]

This is really interesting I love how you can present information in such a creative way Thank you!

[@MaxChaser17]

I really like Ted ed videos. I feel blessed everytime I see a new one.

[@lakshmimohan6467]

Beautiful storytelling as always 👏

[@AndreiaSantos-ld4ty]

Love every single video you guys do on Greek mythology and related. This is no exception. Great work!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@curleddoughnuts6857]

Troy wasn’t even Greek, and Greeks stole Phoenician Mythology and hellenised them.

[@abouttime837]

can I just say I LOVE the animation and music. such a great way to teach history

[@shaheensheikh980]

All of your videos are very educational and all of your voices are very soothing Keep up the great Work! 😘

[@Emcee_Squared]

Troy almost certainly existed, the trojan wars were probably real, and the events that took place in that war were important and great to both the Myceneans and the Trojans. Homer, who was supposedly a blind Ionian (a Greek state in Anatolia, south of the site of Troy) storyteller, wrote down the Iliad some 400 years after the Trojan war, and by the time it had been written down, you can bet many liberties, exaggerations, fabrications, and other glorifications had been added to the story. But there is probably some truth to it. What elements are true and what are false will remain a mystery. The biblical events of the Exodus and the story of Moses have a similar timeline and development (took place in the late bronze age, were written down after the introduction of the Phoenician alphabet to Phoenicia's southern neighbors in the Kingdom of Israel some 300-500 years after they took place).

[@sophiawilson8696]

Exodus didn't happened the Jewish people hate the Egyptian rule of Canaan. Egypt had slaves but whole race of Jewish People. The wandering of 40 years in wildness is hogwash. Facts Joshua campaign to take over Cannan was written in 7th century. This was way after the so called Exodus of Egypt. There no Exodus of whole mass of Jewish people leaving Egypt.

[@Emcee_Squared]

@@sophiawilson8696 yea but there is no denying that many of the characters in biblical books, particularly those of the tribe of the Levites, had Egyptian names (Phinehas, Miriam, Moses, Aharon, etc) and this suggests that at least some group of people did come from Egypt to Israel. Perhaps not as many as spoken of in the Bible, but it may be an over glorification of some true event.

[@B..P..]

@@sophiawilson8696 Nobody truly knows.... only God. You were not there so nothing is you say is facts because history can be tampered with. It could be true or extremely glorified....who knows But christians believe by faith and not evidence.

[@sophiawilson8696]

I hate break to you the Exodus NEVER HAPPEN!. It probably handful of people that ran away from Egypt. It was Thera Eruption that cause Sea to turn Red and the Poison Gas that killed some of first born sons cause laying floor. It never took 40 years to get Canaan and wandering in desert at that time either. Wake up, it fanasty story. They talking about captivity by the Babylons.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@ugurcantopkran2287]

Artwork is as amazing as always

[@Btsarmy-ng1pl]

The animation effects are just amazing!!

[@corinne6695]

I really enjoyed this video and the animation! Keep up the good work!

[@namelastname5844]

Someone should do this archeological work in Scandinavia to prove once and for all the Finland doesn’t exist

[@esterelina]

Name Last name Finland isn't part of Scandinavia. Greetings from Finland ;) (...or maybe not)

[@huntersterling8623]

Fishing regulation free zone something something Nokia..

[@namelastname5844]

ellu saari Of course it’s not a part of Scandinavia, because it’s not real! Thanks for the information, and greetings from the United States.

[@mrpellagra2730]

Name Last name Wtf then Turkey does not exist nor Egypt.

[@namelastname5844]

Mr Pellagra no Turkey and Egypt still exist. Why wouldn’t they?

[@sausagejockyGaming]

Actually the city of Troy did technically revive as the inventors of Rome Romulus as Remus were said to be descendant from Troy and Rome then became a powerful empire

[@mver191]

Yeah that is a fable.

[@parashit2181]

Romulus created a Kingdom, Empire era was came after Republic of Rome.

[@kennyleung9909]

If it were true it would be a nice twist of irony. Considering Rome attacked and sacked Greece in 146BC

[@injusticefight5970]

Probably that's not a real story too. Since the Gallic destroyed the scripts of Rome founding

[@erim6035]

@@injusticefight5970 yeah I think they probably spoke a long lost language of ancient anatolian farmers, which is probably luwian. If war likely happened they probably aren't related to Greeks either. I mean, why would they fight in the first place when they are so close, can't be a colony of them either.

[@MWM-dj6dn]

Thank you .. Thank you .. with all the beautiful words and sincere feelings on your esteemed channel, which provides useful, accurate and useful information. I wish you lasting success. I am writing to you from the city of Baghdad. I wish you all the best. God bless you

[@wedotalkaboutwhatarmystand4796]

I love this channell! The animation is so amazing, and entertaining. I learn things fun.

[@prayasthapa1411]

Really informative!!! It's worth sharing!! 👍👍

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@arolemaprarath6615]

@@Universal.. Albanians are greeks

[@shayanali9141]

I’ve always wondered how Bronze Age city states worked. Were the surrounding cities autonomous from the city,did towns smaller than the major city have their own governments,how did they build on top of the old ruins. I’d love answers or books where they talk about it

[@giannisd.6587]

Basically a big city would control small cities around it, either by force or alliances. It was always easier to establish yourself around existing walls, that build them from scratch. The population though is an other problem, it takes hundreds of years to reach old levels. Thats why cities once destroyed never reach their old potential. Rome for example, it took 1800 years to reach its pre destruction population. And only because it was never fully destroyed. Athens reached its B.C. population in the 20th century, and people were using the stones of the ruins to build their homes.

[@amympek6409]

I love ted ed videos more than any other! Truely the best!!!

[@milkant_3533]

Really love the animation for this one, it has this Samurai Jack feel to it that gives me a nostalgic feeling

[@lilyophelia5814]

schliemann actually used a lot of dynamite to excavate and significantly damaged the layer of the hill that archaeologists currently think is the real troy

[@Thanos-hp1mw]

Yes Troy existed. Proof is Age of Mythology and Age of Empires.

[@boss0800]

Thanos Damn hoptile

[@abdullahhere-]

Thanos Heinrich Schliemann enters the chat with a cup of tea

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@aamusicals6409]

🔥🔥🔥

[@forgettableuser5318]

Extraordinarily informative. Thanks for the knowledge.

[@physicisctscum]

The little ''Ayran'' easter egg is so beautifull. Thanks for awsome work :)

[@PopsiclesInMyCellar]

People of the future are gonna think Harry Potter was real and look for Hogwartz

[@dc7652]

PopsiclesInMyCellar i feel far more ambivalence towards this possibility than i would have expected...

[@ditach3693]

The inspiration for Harry Potter is. Its taken from Rowling's own neighbourhood and school. That's what the video is talking of. Not literally everything that happened in the myth.

[@saraq64]

Why it isnt?. Waiting for letter from hogwartz.

[@garrettgeary5531]

I'm pretty sure there's a bunch of people who are already convinced

[@eliteshadow7726]

Lol, look at this muggle

[@Phi1618033]

There's a very obvious connection between the seemingly legendary Trojan war and the Bronze Age Collapse. Some of the "Sea Peoples" who are suspected of contributing to, if not causing the Bronze Age Collapse have names that are suspiciously similar to the Greeks who besieged Troy, namely, "Sea Peoples": Denyen, Ekwesh, Peleset; Greeks: Danaans, Achaeans, Pylosians/Pelasgian.

[@vmanias]

Great video, superb work. Keep up.

[@lykaolveda6601]

I like all your contents and it makes student known a lot in history

[@cgavin1]

If you are interested in this I can heartily recomnend Michael Woods old series "In Search of Troy". The conclusion of which is that yes it did exhist, several times in fact. His interpretation of Homer (as a sort of dramatic sumnation of the series) is brilliant and very thought provoking too. My take away was that whatever there was, early 'archaelogists', fellas like Schliemann, thoroughly obliterated it ..

[@candesoler9977]

tyy

[@Castaccio]

To think i came across this by chance! ITS FRIGGIN AMAZING!!! just look at the humor at 2:09 XD

[@KRANKENdude]

It feels rather majestic to be able to get to such a site by a 30-min drive!

[@eladeniz987]

This is fun the watch and you learn something thanks!!

[@mariaioannadritsa2206]

i love my history, i love every culture's history . Let us respect and learn from our past^^

[@frannybecker]

Já estava com saudades deste belíssimo canal ✨🌹✨ que venha uma semana ✨🇧🇷✨ linda, cheia de amor e alegria, para nos !!! Com Deus ✨🙏✨o impossível vira possível.

[@zaferaksoy3413]

Slm

[@fxllenrain14]

Great vid I love learning from this channel 😁❤️

[@emmaw.8176]

This is so strange. I was literally just reading a National Geographic article on this earlier today. Great video as always though!

[@sebastianelytron8450]

It didn't exist. Neither did Fight Club. Brad Pitt doesn't act in movies of real places.

[@mudamudaok4025]

xD

[@esterelina]

Sebastian Elytron The only thing that made that movie worth a watch was Pitt's ridiculous overacting

[@bananapajama3013]

Well it is mythology...Myths are to be accepted as literal truth. You can't really question it's existence...

[@kimi4ever]

I'm pretty sure it was. But we shouldn't talk about it! :)

[@theknightwhosayn1]

Then Tibet also does not exist. Cuz he was in 'seven years in Tibet'.

[@PetraYlenius]

“A thousand years too early for homer” but...the war happened in the mycenaean era and he found the city that was a thing in the mycenaean period, how is that a thousand years too early??

[@magniwalterbutnotwaltermag1479]

They probably meant it in the context of his story which pitted myceneans as actual greeks and that they were mycenean greek rather than the greek that homer knew

[@CC-ou8wn]

It makes it so easy with such good animation!!

[@majkduro]

According to the records of ancient authors, a population of common origin was involved in the Trojan War. The same tribes that inhabited the Illyrian peninsula also inhabited Troy. The Trojan and Achaean dynasties were aware of their common origin and in all dialogues between the Trojans and the Achaeans there were no translators but conversations took place directly between them, indicating that they spoke the same language as is confirmed by most sources later. The records show that the Achaeans were of Pelasgian origin and their Frigian dynasty was of Illyrian origin. The Achaean kings from their lineage were Trojans because they descended from the Pelops and were as Trojan as the other Trojans. While the Trojans were mostly Frigans and the Dardanian dynasty, so both the population and the dynasty were from tribes known in history as Illyrian tribes. The language and names of the characters used at that time make no sense in any language of the world other than the Albanian language. The names, the words also some traditions that were used at that time are still used today. Cheers!

[@ShekinahValdez]

Can you do the MYTH OF PERSEUS?

[@Antisocialpessimist]

YES^

[@DesuGunPls]

Troy was a Greek City State. At the time the Greek tribes had already migrated to Asia Minor. So it was not Greeks vs Trojans but Achaeans (and others) vs Trojans. All of the same race.

[@DesuGunPls]

Aside from the architecture being clearly Hellenistic (though with eastern influences as the City traded with the eastern countries), in The Iliad numerous Greek gods help the Trojans in several occasions. Even if the Iliad is an epic consisting of many mythological elements, a Greek god would never help anyone who does not worship them or is not a Greek. For Homer to have the Greek gods helping the Trojans it is evident that Homer considered the Trojans Greek. There is more evidence such as the Trojan names being of Greek etymology and Trojan myths referring to the Olympian Gods, and the name of Troy, Ilion meaning literally "Land of the Sun" in Ancient Greek. That's about what comes to my mind right now.

[@DesuGunPls]

Oh, another thing, the Ionians, one of the four Greek tribes, is estimated to have migrated to Asia Minor at around 1200 and 1100 BC. Which is close to the time period the Trojan War takes place. Just another evidence of Greek activity in the area.

[@gameboyhotline3712]

There was no Greek identity at that time

[@CDexie]

There was a nebulous, vague idea of common ancestry. They recognized a common culture and thought themselves Hellens.

[@jeromemalenfant6622]

As the video explains, there were nine cities at the site, one on top of the other. The Troy of the Trojan War is thought to be Troy 7. While the later cities may have been Greek city states, according to Wikipedia, "After the 1995 find of a Luwian biconvex seal at Troy VII, there has been a heated discussion over the language that was spoken in Homeric Troy. Frank Starke of the University of Tübingen recently demonstrated that the name of Priam, king of Troy at the time of the Trojan War, is connected to the Luwian compound Priimuua, which means "exceptionally courageous". "The certainty is growing that Wilusa/Troy belonged to the greater Luwian-speaking community," although it is not entirely clear whether Luwian was primarily the official language or in daily colloquial use." I.e. the inhabitants of Troy 7 spoke Luwian, not Greek.

[@randomperson3862]

Am early and i love ur vids plus i subed after watching 1 vid! I especially love the riddles!

[@deadman00]

for a much more in depth look into the finding of Troy, I highly recomand the 6 part doc. In Search of Trojan War presented by Michael Wood. it is THE best series on archology and of the discovery of Troy.

[@zainarafique1508]

Where do they get these damn animators? God!! So much talent!!

[@fkr9032]

I'd say give credits to Remus and Kiki. The style in the video basically got taken from their previous Ted animations and blatantly copied here :/

[@feynstein1004]

THIS IS SPAR.................oh wait wrong movie. Hmm haven't watched Troy in a while.

[@feynstein1004]

+SMART IPTV Say wut

[@biliminsrlar5752]

This is Troy!

[@mariellevandenborne2361]

Well at least they have something to do with it

[@olbiomoiros]

I’ve been said that bi5 have historical inaccuracies and misrepresentations.

[@feynstein1004]

@@olbiomoiros bi5?

[@CC-ou8wn]

Great! thanks for the information. No problems what so ever. Voice over was great!

[@shanarniatrice2560]

thank you this is so good

[@canyouwriteanythinghere]

Can you do the story of when Thor had to wear a wedding dress and marry a Giant next ? It's a really funny story.

[@DelightFools]

Is Dragon Land real? I heard if you had a dragon scale and you rub it with a sibling you get teleported to an unknown place where most the community speaks Spanglish

[@sathishkumark490]

So informative and I do watch all of your vedios for only your voice so sweet and love you 😙

[@oscargotjokes]

I love this channel and am a long time subscriber but I especially liked this video since this subject is very interesting to me. I am a stand up comedian and actually wrote a joke about The Trojan War thats on my channel and used this video for research so it was super helpful. Thanks

[@jeromesuarez5293]

How about a Aztec the lost city

[@wildninjaturtle6715]

Honestly if you're in the middle of a war who in their right mind is going to think it's a good idea to take a giant wooden horse that suspiciously popped out of nowhere into their city

[@Euro.Patriot]

Probably thought it was a gift.

[@sonoransaguaro3786]

🌵Think about it... Troy thought they had a victory after TEN YEARS!! They were celebrating all day... (after the Greeks had left early that morning, leaving the horse outside the gates) . Troy was eating AND DRINKING for maybe 20 hrs or so by the time everyone was asleep. If the horse WAS too tall to get through the gates, it's not unthinkable that Troy was too tired or too drunk for ANYONE to remember to close or lock the gates. " Easy-peasy". The Legend also says the Greeks sacrificed two of their ships' wood in order to build the horse, which most likely took a couple of months. There you go!! Great Legend OR History! Either way!!💖👍🌺🌵😎

[@jayhoward2364]

the Greeks suddenly left, and the king of troy thought it was a peace offering so they could sail home safely (they did destroy a temple and killed its priests, after all) so the whole city celebrated, but the Greeks didn't leave, they moved the boats into an inlet and emerged once it was night

[@CandiceMMartinez]

Maybe they thought it was a giant piñata with candy inside 😊

[@mjstory1976]

Very awesome and informative video

[@genuinehearts8247]

Stunning reminds me of corrections for some reason and war.

[@marloyorkrodriguez9975]

Rage goddess sing of the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles and the ambition of Schliemann - Extra history guy.

[@rrrabab]

0:23 nah, the Trojan horse was mainly found in Virgil's Aenid.

[@annamcelroy3808]

I love the videos about ancient greece and rome. Can you make a video about the myth of Hades and Persephone

[@canyadigit6274]

Nice graphics and animation!

[@slowdown7x]

Fun fact: Turkish government has actually build huge Trojan Horse there and it's being used to attract tourists :=)

[@Feroand]

CrocutaIV, Turkey had made ona and put it on site long time ago. And, when the film make, they gave it to Turkey and Turkey exhabitet it on seaside. Soo, there is two different “Trojan Horse” in there.

[@Fankas2000]

Good marketing.

[@biliminsrlar5752]

No,we making new horses once a few years...

[@sotos200012ss]

@@biliminsrlar5752 why???

[@adhityanramalingam2262]

I will be better if u made history of summerged cities like Dwarka , kaveripoompatinam in india

[@ishanbajpai6940]

They would never do that, the western mind stops at Jerusalem and jumps straight to China. They don't know and don't care about what is in between.

[@hasanraza_5878]

Truly speak . Last day i watched this movie but it hurt my heart liver even my soul i m so upsad of end result

[@EnaBeleno]

Ooohhh i love her voice so calming

[@bloxystuff5382]

I'm Român Love from ROMANIA

[@luvellacallo5649]

Greeks sending Trojan Horse. Trojan Horse: I'm about to end this city's whole career.

[@ghostofathens6600]

Luvella Callo I’m from Greece and I am about to send a Trojan horse with my countries debt to Germany and to your home

[@wawahamdan1159]

I wish we have a time travel machine, not to change the past but just to see what actually happened throughout the history. I am very interested with ancient Greeks, Egypt, The Roman Empire and many more. It'll be nice to view all these histories first-hand.

[@armin3904]

I've been to Çanakkale, there is a huge troy horse made of wood in the middle of the square and its many toys, the troy city is a bit far from Çanakkale

[@clumsypuppet2175]

OH MA GOD. I actualy knew most of this😂 that makes me feel smart for once. I thought i "didnt pay enough atention" in History MR STEGMAN!!! WELL WHOS LAUGHING NOW HMMM???

[@jbarnes1120]

Amazing civilizations also existed in Africa! Will TedEd do any of the African Empires? Timbuktu, Mansa Musa, of course the Nile...

[@laniedulay4043]

Carthage?

[@camdavis9362]

@@laniedulay4043 Carthage was a Phoenician city-state, not a sub-Saharan African kingdom. It was allied and inhabited by some African tribes though.

[@marshmallowpig2645]

Just finished watching Troy (2004). Please make a vid about Prince Hector.

[@denn1222]

This is the best animation I've ever seen!

[@yorushika5462]

Yesn't

[@thebleachseller844]

Yesn't, Yesn't indeed noble man.

[@vsilligirlbestie3973]

My parents never used to tell me bedtime stories....... I guess if they did that's how they would have sounded...... :")

[@nerijusvilcinskas7851]

Interesting, I graduated high school more than 10 years ago, but I can clearly remember what Heinrich Schliemann was thought as discoverer of Troy. I doubt that other guy was even mentioned.

[@brijrajchauhan5966]

In india too evidences have been about Mahabharata but major sites still have many layers of settlements Like mathura,pathna,dwarka,Meerut,indraprasth near delhi

[@theunknown9076]

What about New Zealand?? 🤔🤔

[@ricefields7539]

What about Old Zealand?🧐🧐🧐

[@namelastname5844]

The Unknown Of course it doesn’t exist

[@theunknown9076]

Genghis Khan waged war on them and u know what happens next right..!

[@theunknown9076]

I still feel bad for them :(

[@theillustrator8719]

They are a propaganda of Illuminati :x

[@jayfawn8478]

Seems ted is having a break. Long time no watch of their videos

[@novelnouvel]

Maybe their animator just got a vacation.

[@s0ngf0rx]

ted ed videos give me a reason to live

[@therecogniser2122]

What's the song? Music track is amazing.

[@oracle372]

2:10: Archeology for DUMMIES. That made me laugh

[@mackycabangon8945]

*6 minutes* *104 comments* wow

[@christermi]

Did you count them one by one , or is there another way ?🤔

[@palmtree2401]

The thing at the top is a counter for the current amount of comments. It is right above where you can type to create your own comment thread.

[@chittarisunilkumar1095]

Please more video's on quantum computing please 🙏💓

[@TheVasilezation]

I just love this videos.