Did the Trojan War Really Happen?

Total War Saga: Troy will be available for free if you claim it from the EPIC Games store during the first 24 hours at the launch today, consider using our link to get it: bit.ly/30S8L66
Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series continues with a video on the Trojan War, as we talk about the historicity of the conflict between Trojans and the Greeks depicted in the immortal Iliad of Homer. We also cover the Mycenaean and Hittite civilizations. How did this story come to be? Is it just a myth or is there historical proof that it happened? What does archeology tell us about the conflict at the end of the Bronze age? Were Hector, Achilles, Helen and Paris even real?
Our series on Ancient Civilizations: • Ancient Civilizations
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: / @kingsandgenerals We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1o...
Art and animation: Oğuz Tunç bit.ly/2H6oRjw
Script: Leo Stone
Narration: Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Troy #Greece

[@KingsandGenerals]

No heels were wounded and no wives were stolen during the making of this documentary. If you are planning to get Total War Saga: Troy for free, consider doing it via our link: bit.ly/30S8L66 - it will be available for FREE for 24 hours.

[@peymanmostafaei6963]

So can we expect a video on Gilgamesh, too!?

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@peymanmostafaei6963 that is a fun topic, I will add it to the list

[@denniscleary7580]

It might be silly but have you considered doing something on the odyssey?

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@KingsandGenerals pls do one on iberians and the sikh empire an

[@christermi]

Just an observation ; why don't you provide the viewer with photos of the archaeological sites , so as for him to get close to the history ?

[@dialaskisel5929]

"Total War was inevitable" I'm slightly disappointed that you didn't flash up an ad for the game at that moment.

[@hedgehog3180]

Reminds me of the intro cinematics for Kingdoms which always ended with the narrator saying "Total War".

[@cypz]

If we ant him to continue he will need to earn money on this. Relax and let him do both.

[@juliuscaesar8925]

I was laughing so hard on that comment that my vocal chords hurt

[@JonatasAdoM]

The gods have intervened to avoid such heinous act.

[@JonatasAdoM]

@@hedgehog3180 Medieval II truly had some Apocalyptic level intros; and then the Mongols come midway through it.

[@crusader7659]

He’s trying to start a fight between the history and classics majors

[@PMMagro]

Shh. It's a secret

[@nasheldimas4339]

ヽ(*ﾟｰﾟ*)ﾉ *ICE CREAM*

[@sazanavi]

And make a video about it.

[@juliuscaesar8925]

Duh Duh Duh...

[@zecanas1]

War was inevitable.

[@Catman2123]

Calvert: “Yeah man, this hill? It’s totally Troy.” Schliemann: “No way! Really??” Calvert: **stifled laughter** “For sure.” Schliemann: **digs up 9 settlements dating back to possibly even the chalcolithic** “HOLY SHIT IT’S TROY!!!” Calvert: “huh?”

[@basedgamer6607]

Lol

[@DarkAngelEU]

I was thinking the same thing while watching lol

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@masstv9052]

@@Universal.. Stop Spamming

[@Universal..]

@@masstv9052 I educate people ... I don't do anything wrong ...

[@princeamori]

Whoever made the graphics for this video, love it!

[@elderscry74]

@@deathmax1018 ergo sum

[@elderscry74]

@@deathmax1018 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed non risus. Suspendisse lectus tortor, dignissim sit amet, adipiscing nec, ultricies sed, dolor. Cras elementum ultrices diam. Maecenas ligula massa, varius a, semper congue, euismod non, mi. Proin porttitor, orci nec nonummy molestie, enim est eleifend mi, non fermentum diam nisl sit amet erat. Duis semper. Duis arcu massa, scelerisque vitae, consequat in, pretium a, enim. Pellentesque congue. Ut in risus volutpat libero pharetra tempor. Cras vestibulum bibendum augue. Praesent egestas leo in pede. Praesent blandit odio eu enim. Pellentesque sed dui ut augue blandit sodales. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Aliquam nibh. Mauris ac mauris sed pede pellentesque fermentum. Maecenas adipiscing ante non diam sodales hendrerit.

[@flyhighmcfree5755]

---------------------------------------------------- ******LIRI, TE DREJTA KOMBETARE DHE TE NJERIUT PER NENTE MILIONE SHQIPTARET ETNIKE NE "GREQI"****** ******FREEDOM, NATIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS FOR NINE MILLION ETHNIC ALBANIANS IN “GREECE”******** Shenim: Ne Anglisht me poshte, per audiencen e lexuesit nderkombetare, ne menyre qe ceshtja Shqiptare ne "Greqi" te nderkombetarizohet. ------------------------------------------------------------ Greece” will be soon excluded any participation and denied any and all voting rights in the European Union to any matters related to Albania. This because “Greece” has a flagrant, open and grave conflict of interest as a European Union member related to all matters concerning Albania in the European Union - starting with the Law of the Declaration of War against Albania, which is in effect in the present (i.e. Greece, currently, is in a state of war with Albania), and many other matters that constitute blatant conflict of interest of “Greece” in the European Union concerning Albania. Greece also has not yet paid the reparations of about 600 billion dollars to Albania - regarding the occupation through the Greek territory of Albania by Germany in 1943, and regarding the ethnocide and holocaust of Greece against Albanians in Albania (Chams and Albanians in southern Albania), and against its own citizens of Albanian descent (numbering over 9 million today in Greece). The vote of “Greece” in the European Union is the only thing left for this “Greece” to bully Albania related to all matters in the relations between this “Greece” and Albania. Albanian government should quickly set up a team of qualified attorneys to file a lawsuit with the European Commission to exclude Greece from any decision making in the European Commission regarding Albania. On the other hand, Albanian government should act as an equal and reciprocate - by immediately putting on the table its counter requirements that the European Union and European Commission must fulfill to open the road for the Albania joining the European Union in equal footing and as an equal partner and in parity. One of those non-negotiable requirements should be that “Greece” be excluded immediately from any decision making and vote regarding Albania and Albanian related matters in the European Union and European Commission. European Union and European Commission are not mafia type organizations, ”that will blindly do whatever a member of the mob organization would demand”. This “Greece” is acting like a member of the Camorra and/or a typical “Greek” mob underworld that can force its will on other mobsters by asking for other mob members total submission and obedience to its demands. Greece should also be expelled from the European Union and NATO - as a country that does not fulfill any and all criteria/requirements to be in the European Union and NATO, and because Greece is a dictatorship in the middle of Europe that does not recognize any rights at all for over 9 million Albanians/Arvanites and Chams in Greece. ------------------------------------------------- The so-called “Greece” is a made-up and fake country - made out of ethnic cleansing, racism, holocaust and ethnocide against Albanians (Arvanites and Chams) of Lower Albania. All (100%) leading and senior commanders of the 1821 revolution in the Lower Albania (called unjustly “Greece” today - a name without any factual and historical meaning), where Albanians (Chams and Arvanites). Up until 1832, all that region (called “Greece” today) spoke only Albanian. Out of 100% of the people living there in that region up until 1832, about 92-95% were Albanians (Arvanites and Chams), the rest were minorities. The first session of the first newly elected Parliament in 1832, of this so-called nowadays "Greece", held its full Parliament proceedings in the Albanian language ("Greek/Koine" language did not exist back then in the region/area called “Greece” today). What is appalling to the international community of scientists and historians, is that "Greek" government today has put a total ban on the access, research and publication of the archival documentations (classified as "top secret") of the first Parliamentary session of 1832 in "Greece" - and this is a clear evidence that today, "Greek" government is trying by all and any means in its disposal to hide the historical truth about how this "Greece" of today it came about to be. Albanians are the descendants of Pelasgians and Illyrians (since 10,000 years and more ago). Alexander the Great -was a Pelasgian King of Illyrian/Pelasgian Confederation of Macedonia, falsely presented as "Greek" by con and "planted" historians. *The Trojan War - was a war between Kingdoms of Pelasgians and Illyrians - both ancient Albanian kingdoms/confederations, falsely represented as “Greek” by con and planted “historians” (like the one in this video here).* Homer's "Iliad and Odyssey" epic poems are Pelasgian era poems - falsely represented as "Greek" by con and planted "historians" (like the one in this video here). The Thermopylae Battle - was a battle between Pelasgian army (Sparta - a Pelasgian city) and Persian army, falsely represented as "Greek" battle against Persians by con and planted "historians". The Koine/”Greek” language (a made-up religious language of Roman Empire times - same as Latin language was a religious language for the western part of the Roman Empire), was forced onto Albanians of that region (Arvanites and Chams) after 1832, through ethnic cleansing, holocaust and ethnocide by European powers (through racist Prince Otto of Germany), Russian Empire of that time, and the dangerous anti-Christian sect/cult called “Anadolli Greek Orthodox Church”. There is no such thing as “Greece”. Greece is a scam country, artificially created by 1832, from the mafia type collusion of corrupt European powers of that time who brought Prince Otto of Germany to power in that region, Russian Empire of that time, and the dangerous anti-Christian sect/cult of so-called Anadolli Greek Orthodox Church of that time (1832). This country so-called “Greece”, has gone entirely bankrupt and belly-up five times from 1832 through 2018, has changed the “official language” of the country two times, and has changed the national flag three times from 1832 through 2019. The latest and current national flag of this “Greece” being a blue-color replica of the East India Company flag (the British company who ruled and controlled all trade to and from India during the British rule in India). This is enough to tell all, who this made-up country really is - a country with no real and true national identity, a zombie country. If it was not for the free money from Germany, Russian Empire and European powers of that time (1832) and European Union now being poured every year to this “Greece” since 1832 through present, this kind of country would cease to exist tomorrow. And the big joke is, that this “Greece” is in a state of war with Albania today. This “Greece” has officially declared war against Albania since October 1940 - through the Law of the Declaration of War against Albania, approved by the “Greek” parliament and the foreign powers’ installed King for “Greece” on October 1940. Freedom and full human and national rights to 9 million Albanians of Lower Albania (called unjustly “Greece” today). Freedom to Albanians of Lower Albania (called unjustly “Greece” today). Albanian should be the official language of the Lower Albania, and the country should be officially called and internationally recognized as Lower Albania. Source: Sons of Laberia, Permeti Boys, Gjirokastra Boys, and Brotherhood of Arberors/Arvanites and Chams of Kryekuq-it, Athines, Varibobi-it, Malakasa-s, Arte-s, Lopesi-t, Ekali-t, Konice-s, Paramithise, Lluce-s, Parges, Janines, Bojati-t, Follorines, Koklat-it, Mani-t, Neokori-t, More-se, Livadhja-se, Tebes (Dhiva-s), Filatit, Kosturit, Patra-s, Atikes, Morsa-se, Eube-se, Makrijani-t, Eksohi-se, Plakes, Has-it (Fili-t), Menidhi-t, Mesongjise, Meliti-t, Thiva-s, Hurupisht-it, Ksanthi-se, Filipjadha-s, Komisi-t, Mecove-s, Sofiko-s, Kalohori-t, Pandalejmon-it, Argo-s, Kartereze-s, Vrastove-s, Shqefar-it, Arvanica-s, Drestiko-s, Qiuteza-s, Tholo-s, Mandrica-s, Selanikut, Tanagra-s, Sakko-s, Kliso-s, Peristeri-t, Thurio-s, Vothona-s, Komotini-se, Grebene-se, Gusmar-it, Prevezes, Andro-s, Mesollongji-t, Margellic-it, Skorpiona-s, Thrakes, Qipi-t, Frari-t, Liosio-s, Kapandriti-t, and the rest of more than 4500 Albanian villages and towns throughout Lower Albania - Athina, November 2020, Lower Albania =========================================================================

[@underscore_nick1344]

Man what is wrong with the comment thread. It started out great and now look at it

[@rickjohnson9558]

This is better than a semester of Greek History at a state college! Well done!

[@tovarishlumberjack2356]

I love the myth that the surviving trojans went to italy under aneas and then became the ancestors of the romans and eventually formed rome

[@SpyrosKos10]

if you google about cesar its says hes family decent from the founders of rome which themselves originates from aneas, it is well known that greeks always made colonies in italian penynsoula, and so many went there for refuge after wars.

[@neutronalchemist3241]

For that matter, Diomedes, after having to flee from Argo, was said to have founded several cities on the Adriatic Italian coast.

[@tovarishlumberjack2356]

@@SpyrosKos10 trojans r no greeks mate....

[@Wallyworld30]

hell hath no fury like a woman scorned

[@tovarishlumberjack2356]

@@Wallyworld30 what

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

We would have known more if Schliemann didn’t use TNT

[@evocatus8]

if not Schliemann, Troy might not have been discovered until today

[@merchantofmogadishu3579]

EVOCATUS but he destroyed half of it

[@lucaslimo]

@@merchantofmogadishu3579 half is better than none

[@supergkop5678]

@@evocatus8 Not really. Schliemann was not the one who actually discovered the location. He was told about it by Frank Calvert who owned some of the land the mound was on. Without Schliemann someone else could have just as easily done it and depending on the person(aka anyone with common sense who could figure out that using TNT on a historical site is dumb) likely better than Schliemann.

[@kofi-kun6420]

@@evocatus8 In my mind this seems to be a misconception, I'm no expert but it rather sounded like that a bunch of potential arcological important places were indeed known just that nobody bothered to study them. As far as I know arcological studies indeed are a pretty "recent" thing.

[@Iamav15]

“Get up Prince of Troy, get up. I won’t let a rock take my glory”.

[@marloyorkrodriguez9975]

'You sack of wine!'

[@hexebarya7395]

Stone not rock

[@hexebarya7395]

@@rhysnichols8608 I heared youre good at charming other mens wife

[@giorgosgalanos9888]

Alexander the Great said something similar. He said... "I do not steal the victory". (Greek: Ου κλέπτω την νίκην). It was a reply to the suggestion made by Parmenion, before the Battle of Gaugamela, that he attack the Persian camp during the night.

[@zoetropo1]

@@hexebarya7395 German not Breton?

[@mikolajtrzeciecki7979]

A reason why Troy was such an important point remains unmentioned in this material. There is a constant sea current running from the Black Sea towards the Egean. Also winds blow predominantly in this direction. Merchant ships were dependant on winds (no merchant would pay for a numerous rowing crew), thus they had to wait weeks long at the entry of the Hellespont for favourable weather. This is why the control of this single point was crucial and profitable.

[@nukarr]

see my comment on the truth of it all

[@gregorynixon2945]

I'm sure they would pay for rowers or simply shanghai them. Even against the winds (which are only southward for part of the year) and the currents they had ways of shore hopping. But you're right, the main way to get into the Black Sea was when the winds changed allowing them to go against the current.

[@nikhtose]

Most historians agree now that the Bronze Age collapse was the result of a "systems failure" -- a series of simultaneous catastrophes, any one of which would not have been fatal, brought down the highly integrated multi-state trade and economic structures that ruined highly centralized societies. These include (1) drought, (2) famine, (3) sequential earthquakes and (4) consequent uprisings and sea-borne raids and plunder (the "Sea Peoples") by desperate masses.

[@cbrtdgh4210]

soon to be known as 'a 2020'.

[@marcelopendragon1690]

I watched that "Historia Civilis" video too

[@ottovonbismarck2443]

It is believed, that the core of the Sea People came from modern Sicily, Sardinia and Italy. As with all major raiding parties these days, they would have "assimilated" any adventure-seeking "businessman" making the party very multi-cultural. If you think about it, Odysseus (if he existed) might as well have spent the ten years after the fall of Troy taking part in these raids. With all known empires (except for Egypt) going down, I assume the Sea People found a lot of opportunities as well as volunteers.

[@oldrabbit8290]

it's would be awesome if the trigger is actually the Trojan War itself.. After all, it was a very long war fought on distant land - it would be very expensive both in term of material and manpower for the Mycenaean (and maybe the Hittite).. It could finally break the Mycenaean society and economy, which led to uprisings that destroyed many Mycenaean sites.. As the Mycenaean collapsed, their trade network followed suit; and when coupled with natural disaster like earthquakes, droughts, and Thera eruption , it led many seafaring communities that used to depend on trade, to turn to raiding (hence the Sea Peoples)..

[@ottovonbismarck2443]

@@romandacil3984 If you mean Santorini, the Tsunami that followed the eruption literally washed the Minoan culture away. The volcanic winter added to the trouble.

[@fz0r]

Homer lived between 8-7 century bc . The Trojan campaign happened around 1100 BC . Between all these years , the story of Trojan war was spread into societies with songs by Aoidoi ( Αοιδός, skill singers that were playing ancient instruments and sing in festivals ) and Rhapsodoi ( Ραψωδός , professional performers that were speaking the poems , using staffs to keep the beat and actually Rap the epic stories ) . What Homer did was to gather all these folklore epic stories and connect them into his two famous masterpieces . Iliad and Odyssey

[@mysteriousDSF]

Bro I wish I could hear the fire lines they spat in the 900 BC Aegean

[@jakeg3733]

Intuitively, I feel there must be some truth to the legend. The war makes sense from a strategic perspective, there is archeological evidence, and the fact the story was such a big deal and had been transmitted so far says that the basic points of the myth are probably true. Greek city states went to war with city states in Anatolia. It lasted years, and when they returned home they found invading tribes had taken over (Odysseus and the suitors, a reference to Dorians from the north I reckon). A lot of the Odyssey struck me as somewhere between allegory and metaphor for what was happening during the "bronze age collapse". And this is probably why modern Greeks are so damn excitable, always yelling and being intense

[@gregorynixon2945]

Obviously. And, by all indications, many of the legends from which Homer & suchlike drew were so ancient they came from a time before city palaces and or even before seafaring had been discovered by the proto-Greeks.

[@gregorynixon2945]

More like 1200 BCE. But your point is correct. After resisting the idea that Homer was mostly a fabulist who did pass on some ancient memories of weapons and names, I have to admit that archaeology reveals Homer knew nothing of real history. He was entirely unaware of the vast Hittite Empire that pretty much surrounded the Troad at that time.

[@DEATHBYJOKES01]

I spit hot fire wasn't a magic trick..

[@blaustein_autor]

Also, Hittite sources talk about a prince whose name can be pronounces "Alek-shan-dush" - which fits with the Iliad, because Paris is alternatively named "Alexandros".

[@blaustein_autor]

@@moutsatsosa Could well be an "interpretatio Graecia", meaning that the Hittite name was unrelated to the Greek one and the Greek just took a name that came closest.

[@gregorynixon2945]

He (Alaksandu) would have lived about 80 years before the Final Fall of Troy. He was listed in Hatti records as a vassal-king of the Hittites. So though Paris may have shared the common name, Alexandros, they were not the same people. It does indicate Achaians at Troy early on, however.

[@rodocar2736]

@@gregorynixon2945 Hola, veo que tu sabes del tema. En efecto en las cronicas hititas se mencionan nombres como Aleksandu, y el dios de los rios, Apaliunas (Apolo). Pero no hay mas que relacionen dichas cronicas con el relato de la Iliada. Tambien dicen los arqueologos que se ha localizado el punto debil de las murallas de Troya, tal como menciona Homero. Troya habria sido estado vasallo de los hititas, pero nada de esto encaja con la mitologia griega

[@FrostyGerardo-kr7xs]

Básicamente sería una guerra fría con varias batallas . Un asedio y cada liga enviando aliados y mercenarios de todas partes del mundo

[@billaros1338]

Most videos that I have seen regarding this issue are extremely sloppy, just quoting the Iliad or sometimes not even the Iliad, rather the movie. Well you got the point, we don't want to hear about the story we already know it, we want to learn if there is any truth to it. But you have done a great job my friend. Speaking with evidence and including archeological data dating back to the 1850s and Schliemann's disastrous excavations up to the more recent was truly magnificent. You also raised some very important questions that we all hope that the archeological community will answer some day. Thanks again and congratulations for a very informative video.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

Ancient Greek history fascinates me as someone who studies modern history.

[@mauriceetal1426]

GoodGirlKate how do you study modern history without the past guys?

[@golkas9971]

@Trabzon duzkoy "Baby history"? Is this a turkish term?

[@minhluonglehoang8679]

@Trabzon duzkoy because there are so little records left But any history is still history I loved Classical Era the most when I was young and came to love the geopolitics of the Early Modern Era when I grew up

[@shapurthegreat7542]

Persian in fact were very influential on the Greeks that why Greeks were crazy about Darius the great’s palace in Susa

[@phoenixprotocol452]

Imagine all the knowledge lost when the library of Alexandra burned. So many things lost

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

*Sing, Muse, of the rage of Achillies* Most badass quote ever. Myrmidons!

[@elijah_oofoof8891]

Goosebumps.

[@hariszark7396]

The Greek pronunciation was a bit.....yikes...but anyway. 😉

[@andywomack3414]

The reason for his rage was petty and all about his ego. It was first directed at Agamemnon over the possession of a trophy sex slave, Briseis. That sex was involve is speculative but I say how can it not be?

[@hariszark7396]

@@andywomack3414 Agamemnon had originally took an other girl Hriseis as his trophy. But after her father had a prayer to God Appolo to bring a curse on the "Greek" army he had to give her back. After that he wanted a new girl and the most beautiful was Briseis the trophy of Achilles. The "ego" of Achilles is something that needs a big talk because he had to have a big ego to be the better warrior in the battle.

[@andywomack3414]

@@hariszark7396 I suppose there is a lesson about how that "ego" can lead a person to disaster. In the case of Achilles he basically went on strike which cost his fellow warriors dearly and ultimately the life of Patrocles. What followed was the dishonorable slaying and mutilation of Hector. I believe "Iliad" to be a unfavorable narrative toward people who behaved like the characters in these heroic epics by Homer. Of course I look at this with modern eyes.

[@NickSibz]

This story is, by far and away, my favorite ancient story that I TRULY hoped actually happened. I know there's a lot of hearsay and blah blah but how cool would it honestly be if there was a truth to this and there really was an Achilles and Hector and they actually fought? Always been so fascinated by this story and even got Achilles' shield inked on my shoulder due tot he pure awe and respect I have for this epic.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

[@timbrwolf1121]

The trojan horse is believed to have been found. Large oddly shaped wooden object within the gates. Had a plaque on it with an inscription referenced in one of the epics.

[@syreallewyatt5048]

Agree, I doubt theres an older story known to man, regardless of race, creed, religion where the heroes are "known". Almost every retelling of it is enjoyable. I think mainly because its a BEAUTIFULLY told story, song, poem, that by the storytelling alone it passed to today. I mean think of that. Seriously. Its well over 3,000yrs old, being generous time-wise. And its still, known, told, retold, TALKED about today. That is impressive. That deserves credit for story telling.

[@syreallewyatt5048]

@Lucius Domitus Aurelianus The fuck you on about?? I nvr mentioned either of the 2. I mentioned the poem and the storytelling

[@disguisedcentennial835]

It happened

[@MuadDib27]

There’s an amazing ongoing graphic novel series about the Trojan War called Age of Bronze. One guy, Eric Shanower, writes and illustrates the whole thing. He did a whole bunch research from all kinds of historical and literary sources, blending all the mythological stories with a historical, grounded approach. He even tries to capture archaeological and ethnic accuracy in his illustrations. It’s an absolute must read for anyone who’s interested in the Trojan War. It’s bloody amazing!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"....

[@PhyrexJ]

@@Universal.. wow.. most nonsense I have ever read.. Albanians will do anything in mind tricks to try and claim history as if they were the original people. You do understand, for starters, that ‘Zeus’ sounds nothing like that in Greek, right? Your whole comparisons to Zot is based on an English version of his name.

[@texasfuneral4787]

​@@Universal..oh snap, small world I just seen your comments on the Greek War for independence and someone saying that they can't wait for the Albanians to say they fought for Greece. I like how you present your comments

[@animatorofanimation128]

​@@texasfuneral4787 It's neat on the surface and as you start but it's one of those things that has a lot of holes in it. His part about the etymology of Zeus in particular makes no sense. but yeah the whole thing is basically just Albanian nationalist propaganda lol.

[@pathutchison9866]

I’m starting to come around to the view that the “sea peoples” were a symptom of the Bronze Age collapse, and not the cause. They may have made the situation much worse, but you have to wonder why so many people were not only coming to invade, but also bringing their entire families and all their belongings with them. They were almost certainly looking for a place to settle, and the big question is why. What forced so many to relocate at the same time?

[@shaolindreams]

The return of the Heracleidae or the Dorian invasion could be a possible explanation.The Dorians are one of the four main tribes of the Greeks, branches later became the Spartans and the Royal house of Macedonian. Achaean - Mycenaeans had to give up much of their land and settlements to the Dorians. Argos was taken and that's where the Macedonian Argead dynasty originated from, They claimed they were descended from Temenus who was a great-great-grandson of Heracles. Obviously it can't all be legit .. but we have to include this possible theory. If we take out the embellishments of myths we do find a lot of truths too.

[@keithharper32]

Well, let's look 2000 years later when something similar happened. As western Europe declined in power with the West Roman Empire, the peoples of the North saw an opening for raiding. At fisrt the vikings came to loot and plunder. Later, as they saw easier openings as the kingdoms unraveled from both internal politics and the strain of the raids, they began organized conquests, eventually bringing their families to settle areas they seized. Maybe that's what happened in the Mediterranean. The decline of the Superpowers created an opening for pirates that became increasingly emboldened until they moved in to stay. This is probably a bit simplistic, but may not be too far off in some ways.

[@josephherrera6656]

@@keithharper32 that's actually a very good theory and highly possible

[@abalogan]

I heard an Archhiologest say this, when asked what do we know about the bronze age collapse "A Layer of destruction from Greece to Syria and Lebanon" so it's a symptom about as much as a major heart attack....

[@Killzoneguy117]

@Evalation It's interesting you mention that. Herodotus notes that many of the Scythians and Thracians that lived around the Danube and Black Sea believed themselves to be direct descendants of Heracles. It makes me wonder now whether the Dorians could have been the ancestors of these Scythians and Thracians migrating south and settling in Greece, hence giving rise to the idea of the "Heracleida restoration".

[@frankteunissen6118]

Strange that the strategic situation of the city that was once there isn’t mentioned. It controlled the entrance to the Dardanelles and thereby access to the Black Sea. It would be logical for the Mycenaeans to get into conflict with whoever controlled that access at some time or other, because the Black Sea was important to them economically. And that is entirely separate with their issues with the Hittites.

[@camponotusinflatus9920]

👍

[@amalialovesicecream]

Agree. In my day, we were taught that the war was for control of the Dardanelles Straits. As he said, the Mycenaeans were sea traders. Troy's control of the entrance of the straits with tariffs and fees and probably broken agreements (from both sides) was reason enough to wage war. He didn't mention that Mycenaeans had a few colonies -Ilion(troy) being one. They in turn developed closer ties with the Hittites and other local peoples alienating themselves from the Achaeans. Also, the name Assuwa was later called "Asia."

[@camponotusinflatus9920]

@@amalialovesicecream 👍

[@SourSoup87]

Trojans are currently thought to be actually a member of city states federation of Luwians, evidently the only piece of written relic acquired dating back to that time from the Trojan dig sites was a single piece of messenger seal, in Luwian.

[@xyAKMxy]

@@SourSoup87 there is a possibility that Troy originated as a mycenaean colony to control the Dardanelles strait, but it was later captured by a native luwian tribe which would shift the trojan identity towards an anatolian one.

[@supermax5000]

I love this myth being the only myth having both a mythical and actual event in history.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Many myths work this way. For instance, among the ones we have covered recently, Arthur and SubRoman Britain/Saxon invasion

[@ash8207]

As a history scholar who also loves ancient mythology & legends, I thoroughly enjoyed this wonderful presentation. Respect for the objective historical approach, great story telling & high quality production value!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"...

[@TREYtheExplainer]

Man, this video was amazing! The production quality is down right fantastic 👏🏻 awesome work!

[@REHANKHAN-en5zn]

You should also do one on such topics. I follow your channel.

[@edenli6421]

I did not expect to find you here! Love your content as well.

[@neo-filthyfrank1347]

Go away Trey, nobody likes you.

[@loremastedex]

Wow didnt expect you here, love your content man. Keep up the good work

[@spinakker14]

Hey Trey!

[@orioni]

Not-so-fun fact: Schliemann blew up part of the mound with dynamite to more quickly get to the bottom layer.

[@MyQuadell]

He was a thief and a vandal. I hope Satan blew up the top layers of hell, just to get Scheimann down to the bottom layers quicker.

[@sonnguyenvan1599]

@@darken2417 I hate to say, but your reasoning is more compelling man. I forgot about the people who let Schliemann have his way to begin with.

[@MyQuadell]

@@darken2417 I look forward to your defense of the Taliban blowing up ancient and irreplaceable Buddhist statues!

[@ademdogukankon4726]

@@darken2417 How the fuck the government knew that he was going to open his way through with dynamites. Moreover, government gave the permission to excavate in exchange that he keeps the artifacts in the empire. I recommend to search the events rather than pointing fingers like an ignorant.

[@TheStrangerTom]

@@ademdogukankon4726 I think the only thing he smuggled away from Turkey was 'Priams' treasure, and he did that because had he handed it over, the treasure would be melted for the precious metal - local authorites at that time were pretty corrupt. Also, I'm pretty sure using dynamite for excavations wasn't illegal at that time, and nobody would care.

[@ryanwelker9801]

I think it’s incredibly important that we realize that there is always truth in legends and myths; no matter how small the truth is, it is always there and we just have to find it.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

[@kharnthebetrayer8251]

I always love seeing things and finding the probably cause for myths Like, the myth of giants, is thought to come from Giant Sloths, who's skeletons look very similar to humans, but are close to the size of elephants. Dragons likely came from dinosaur fossils And Cylcopses are likely from Elephant skulls, which have a large hole in the middle, which does look like where a big eye would be

[@emperorkane317]

The Hittite Empire was widely considered to be mythical well into the 19th centrury. I firmly believe that just because we today have little physical evidence of its existence, doesn't mean it wasn't real. For all we know there could have been more evidence that used to exist, but could have been destroyed as a result from war, natural disaster or even age. That would be like if Thousands of years from now there could be historians arguing whether or not the Battles of Marathon or Thermopylae actually happened, or even the Fall of Constantinople or the Sieges of Vienna could become widely considered mythical, that being if much of the evidence of those events were lost or destroyed.

[@AshleyWeech]

Exactly! It's like a theory. The more strength a theory, the more truth.

[@KuonilerariLoufanwald]

This is called euhemerism. An important concept to understand myths, religions, and their origins. Certainly, people can have very active imaginations but in order to have a religion or a widespread mythology, there must be some basis in fact. Over time, these real events are forgotten and fall into myths and legends.

[@orktv4673]

0:30 Fun fact, the originally text by Homer makes no reference to Achilles' immortality or invulnerability, or him being dipped in the Styx by his ankle. Achilles' death was foreordained, and in his duel with Hector he was wounded and bleeding.

[@askers_]

Oh you were there?

[@orktv4673]

@@askers_ No, it's literally not in the Iliad.

[@TheAchilles26]

His mother wouldn't have jumped through so many hoops replacing his armor if he was invulnerable

[@VladTevez]

Interestingly, most of the names of the heroes in the Iliad, have a certain meaning which indicates the personality of the hero Achilles: Either "The sorrowful wanderer" or "The sorrow of the peoples (the enemies)" Odysseus: "The one who is hated" (by Poseidon) Agamemnon: "The unbowed one" Menelaus: "The wrath of the (armed) people" Ajax: "The one who laments; the mourner" Hector: "The one who holds fast" Diomedes: "god-like cunning" or "advised by Zeus"

[@VladTevez]

@Gawani Mateus That's the point

[@VladTevez]

@Deus In Odyssey 19 : 405 Autolycus, his grandfather, gave him that name

[@neutronalchemist3241]

@@VladTevez And it's fitting with Autolycus character.

[@virusd900]

@George K. Cringe

[@noteimporta2880]

nice ! My last name means "War/battle" and 2nd half of last name means "Safe". My first name means "King" the only way my full name makes sense is : Saved the King in Battle, King that Saved the Battle/War or Last name only : Saved the battle/war/warrior. I used to not like my last name the way it is pronounced. Now i love to tell people lol.

[@animeyahallo3887]

Trojan War is true, a trojan horse just entered my laptop and I was able to defeat it with my anti virus apps allies. It was a pyrrhic victory as i had to reformat my laptop to win. Glad I have google drive.

[@ritaDas-xl4kz]

😂😂😂😂

[@neerajvishwanath3179]

This comment is big brain

[@gojkokravljaca7817]

🤣🤣🤣

[@zaph2580]

But did you win the battle? Or the war?

[@life-hardenedschoolstudent2284]

@@zaph2580 he practically reset the whole battleground at the cost of losing some apps So won the war, won the battle but, lose the skirmish

[@morriganmhor5078]

In fact, there could have been two Troyan wars, as Greek myths speak about Herakles conquering Troy several generations before that mentioned in Illias.

[@bigalsnow8199]

AYE...Hercules actually escaped from Troy while thrashing its army and taking the kings sister whom he gave to Ajaxs father for helping him ( which inspired rumors that the Herk was Ajax actual dad) Priam never forgot the insult.

[@bajramsumaj6155]

Trojanet ishin vetë populli Dardano-shqiptar, historin e shtrembuan te tjeret per qellime te rrembimit apo kopjimit te historise por eshte e kot sepse historin e shkruan njeher shqiptaret dhe bota ka kte histori tani dhe te tjerat histori si kjo e shume tjera eshte krijua mbi genjeshtrat, mos u besoni disa programeve por besoni bibliotekes ne Itali Stockholm Suedi e Amerike per histori te thelle qe krijuan Indo-Evropianet dhe sot pasardhesit shqiptar, aty ne biblioteka ruhen te vërtrtat edhe pse shume jane zhduk me qellim per ta menjanue lakue historine, troja edhe sot perdoret nga vete shqiptaret si trojet e mia Troje-Vend-Pllac, e verteta e trojes eshte krejtesisht ndryshe, trojanet luftuan ne mes vete nje histori ne vete, aty nuk kishte asnje popullsi tjeter sepse ishin gejet te disiplinuar te ushtruar te zhvilluar dhe nuk kishte kush tu del perpara por trojanet luftuan në mes veti...!!!

[@bogdancr4292]

Another amazing video, as always. As an archaeologist i had the pleasure of working with part of the german team that excavated at Hisarlik during the 90's and 2000's. The stories they had....my god. On the other hand, the origins of the enigmatic "Sea People" is still a subject of debate among archaeologists around the world. I still remember when I was in my first year of bachelor studies, i kept annoying one of my professor with questions regarding the sea people and the bronzs age collapse.

[@wargriffin5]

Instead of the Trojan War being an attempt to "preserve" the Mycenean world from the Bronze-Age collapse, could it be the other way around? Is it at all possible that, after a 10 year war which included people from all across the Bronze-Age world, there was a flood of war veterans and Trojan refugees looking to survive by raiding/invading other kingdoms? Could it be possible that Troy, in an extremely inter-connected economic world, was the first cog in the machine to fail? Just a thought.

[@damnyourpasswords]

hey I had almost the same idea ! I wrote a comment on it!

[@petarpoposki2994]

There is a chance that Troy was under ultimate rule by the Hittite Empire, with some limited authority. Either way, the Hittites also were at war with Egypt prior to the supposed time of the Trojan War, and the Assyrians. This would naturally put a strain on all kingdoms involved. Couple that with a colder climate which there is evidence to support and an increased piracy which we call The Sea Peoples, you have a recipe for collapse. My personal opinion is that it was a mix of several things going wrong at the wrong time, which ended these nations.

[@rohanchen1yearago705]

cras, adveniebam

[@woolenthreads]

There's another way of looking at it. Let's say that 95% of the able-bodied young men of the Greeks and Hittites fought over "Troy" in that 10 year period. Part of the poem states that, after an insult to his high priest, Poseidon "shot" individuals, making them so sick they couldn't stand up. Essentially it sounds like the Greek (and probably Hittite) Army suffered from rampant contagions probably due to poor camp conditions. So a large number of men died on the battlefield or in the camps, lets say two thirds of them. So a third of them return to their home which had already been suffering a shortage of man power to manage crops and herds (because of the men going to fight) and then begin to fight over the remains. Two major trading empires go to war? Screwing up trade, lowering Man Power, No longer able to trade goods around? Collapse? Well, of course the Bronze Age collapsed, they had destroyed their means to hold it together.

[@iiZAPPx]

@@woolenthreads I appreciated this read! Very cool perspective, and l learned a few different ways to think about things

[@bismarck6959]

The Trojan war may not have been real but the Minotaur is definitely legit

[@Fenniks-]

@GoodGirlKate Doubt it more likely they were Italtic people

[@badrel2770]

@GoodGirlKate i'm no real historian, but i think that the Romans always like to mythologize their origins, as they were perhaps great admirers of the Greek culture, moreover, this tale of troy survivors building a new civilization is pretty common for Mediterranean civilizations (e.x: Balearics), i guess, everyone want to be related to the trojans somehow hehehe

[@bismarck6959]

GoodGirlKate truth be told I always took the Romulus and Remus legend at face value

[@MiguelSanchezDelVillar]

@vjal the Aeneid, a copy paste of the Oddissey made by romans in Augustus time

[@young1191]

@vjal i forgot which book but if you read any books on the origin of rome they always mention this fabricated mythology.

[@AnjumulHaque]

One amazing thing from this is that Trojan War must have been an important cornerstone of an end of an Era as mentioned in Homer's epic as well as from the guy who is generally seen as the being the first poet and writer of Greek mythology and culture since Bronze age Collapse, Hesiod. Also Rome mythology asserts the founders of the city as well as etruscans to have been descendants of survivors of Troy. There is a strong link between the Collapse of Bronze Age and Fall of Troy vii with fall of hittite empire.

[@phoenixj1299]

Hittite followed Vedic traditions and Greeks ancestors followed Vedic traditions as well. So there you go with the link.

[@thodorostheofanous3911]

This is one of the most thorough and meticulous approaches on the matter of Troy and the early bronze age! Well explained and thematically cohesive video! Once again, bravo!

[@CulinVlau]

"These theories would persist until the 1930s, when an American archaeologist..." Me: Indy?

[@aleksapetrovic6519]

Tatatatatata tatata!

[@ardypangihutan3653]

i can hear punching sfx and wilhelm scream

[@astealthyfellow4795]

"It belongs in a museum!!"

[@douglasbubbletrousers4763]

@@astealthyfellow4795 I always say that in my head every time I see a picture of Prince Philip

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@shadydetective9285]

Kings and Generals. You guys just made me love you a whole lot more when you guys started to talk about the Trojan War and sponsor Total War: Troy is released for FREE for the first 24 hours!!! Thank you guys ❤❤

[@Albiliuss]

Not anymore :-(

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

[@shatteredknight1129]

Thank you for this video! Been playing Troy nonstop for a month now. Eight factions with their own full campaign. I have only played two so far, and haven't even completed. Best Total War game.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@haideramvs3891]

How old are you ?

[@yvieoluoch66]

I've been binge-watching for the past day. I love how detailed and organized you guys are. It's so fun listening and watching, even my mum joined in with 'The Fall of Jerusalem'. Keep up the good work!

[@otgunz]

Respect to the Greek and Anatolian story tellers, playrights and artists of the Aegean coast, Hellas, Ionia and Thrace, whose works inspired me through the making of the video and to a degree my whole life. 🕊🇬🇷🇹🇷

[@otgunz]

@@firstchushingura Hope you are not gonna fight with me :) Yeah TR since Troy is located in TR, Ionia, a colony of later Bronze Age GR is located in TR, although lived under PR dominance and then RM dominance for centuries and then by SJ and OT, and finally by TR, that land is not GR, it is part of TR now yet it is a place of its own with its own people. If you care coming to Lesbos or Assos or Tenedos or Ionia itself I would happily discuss this TR stuff with you while shraing Ouzo and Rakı with you :) I am living there, near Wilusa, oh sorry Troy :D

[@user-nz1eu8cz1d]

@@otgunz it seems that you ommitted the period that Troy was GR before and after PR and its inhabitants remained GR during RM that after a certain point was GR.

[@johnnnyoh]

Anatolia never had anything to do with the turks though ijs the turks came way later and took that land it’s not the turks true homeland

[@johnnnyoh]

ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΡΑΦΑΗΛΙΔΗΣ what PR and all this ? 🇬🇷

[@user-nz1eu8cz1d]

@@johnnnyoh I guess that our friend uses PR for Persians,RM for Romans,SJ for Seljuks,OT for Ottomans,TR for Turks and GR for Greeks.

[@krankarvolund7771]

"To some the father of modern archaeology. To others a conman and thief." Well, as archaeologists in the XIXth and early XXth centuries were often thieves, he was probably both :p

[@varana]

Although I have no idea where they got the "conman" from.

[@okisoba]

@@varana some people suspect the Agamemnon mask he found was altered with the late 19th century/modern hipster looking mustache or a complete hoax altogether

[@brianjauch9958]

Yeah, Indiana Jones!

[@marcbartuschka6372]

@@varana This may go back to the fact that he was very good in selling hiw own story and making things up a little bit so that they fit his ideas. He created his own legends for example how he came to the idea of discovering Troy (dating the wish back to his youth) and so on. The story how he discovered his treasure of Priam may also be made up a little bit and the pieces may be collected from various smaller treasures he found at Troy. These stories were believed in (especially in Germany) over a long time.

[@atzuras]

Well just look at the British Museum. All the loot of centuries of archeological activities is there

[@stevenv6463]

I visited Troy and it was so cool to see such an old site from the bronze age (as opposed to the more common Greco-Roman ruins or medieval buildings). I watched the movie Troy there and noticed that they used a ton of things from the archaeological site (Priam's alleged jewelry, the walls, the fire, etc.)

[@casamir1]

I've watched so much Kings and Generals over the last few months that just hearing the intro music makes me happy :)

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

[@gauravmalltarlok5354]

Having studied the Illiad in Greek in Greece just last year, I'm so happy that you are doing a video on the epic and legendary story, and possibly history.

[@terrylandess6072]

The stories of history appear to create an unshakable bias that permeates much of archaeology. The always present need for many peoples self validation gives rise to the pursuit of these expeditions in hope of turning myth into fact. The romanticist in people fuel this as well as outside observers, craving more. Making fact fit theory is present in many forms of science, but can be as a set of blinders to truth. Were there cities at this location? Yes. Could it have been Troy? Thus begins the slippery slope.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

[@nightviber2097]

Νο phones in sight only people living the time of their lives

[@michaelferretti1744]

I love your channel, lurker here. Can you guys go in depth with the late bronze age collapse? I find that to be one of the most fascinating--to the border of fantastical--periods of history that I have ever read about!

[@nervsouly]

Hands down the best video I've ever seen to this topic. Thank you KaG Team!

[@Gorboduc]

Last time I was this early we still called her Helen of Sparta.

[@jasonyork9966]

She was at her hottest when she was still the young maiden Helen of Argos.

[@marcbartuschka6372]

You did know that after the years as Helen of Troy she became Helen of Sparta again?

[@jasonyork9966]

@@wolfgangkranek376 There is absolutely zero evidence that the Dorians came from outside Greece. Even then ancient Greeks believed the Dorians came from around Thessaly, so we are not talking about an alien population. I dont understand where you get the idea Dorians are the only tribe that brought their women with them? The myth of the Dorian invasion is probably a later Spartan invention to hide their true low class origins. Our best modern understanding is that during the bronze age collapse around 1200 BC, a slave uprising occurred in the Peloponnese and that is where the Dorians came from. The word Dorero/Dorera means slave. The Dorians are likely a group of slaves that overthrow their kings during the bronze age collapse. There may have been some outsiders from Thessaly who also came in and took advantage of the situation, and that may be where the link with Thessaly came from. However we have ZERO evidence of any great army coming in and laying waste to these Pelopennessian cities. The evidence suggests internal rebellion (fortifications still in tact, but evidence of buildings destroyed within the city walls). Also I want to point out that the classical Greek civilization you are talking about, with Sparta supposedly giving women more rights than other cities and all that...that era of Greek civilization is about 800 years after the Trojan war. Different world.

[@DodirAnelaIntuitivnoOtvaranje]

@@marcbartuschka6372 she did, but to this day she remained Helen of Troy in her heart, which is only thing that truly counts.

[@marcbartuschka6372]

@@DodirAnelaIntuitivnoOtvaranje Well, that depends. In some stories she loved Menelaos still (or again), and was maybe not really hapy the in Troy right after the death of Paris she had to remarry one of his half-brothers (not for a long time, she was soon widow again)...

[@EricNielsen85]

You are officially my favorite channel ever. Thank you.

[@pierrerust2423]

Excellent synthesis and very dynamic presentation, of this very complex yet fascinating historical theme !

[@christermi]

For anyone wondering , the Iliad of Homer ends with Achilles giving Hector's body to the latter's father (Priam , king of Troy) in order to be buried.

[@BoxStudioExecutive]

@GoodGirlKate Nah what's more beautiful is that in the Iliad, Achilles gives his entire motivation for joining the war so that he can become immortal through the stories of man by engaging in glorious and honorable combat in war, but in the Odyssey when Odysseus meets him in Hades, Achilles is a broken soul and says that he would rather be a nameless slave and have a longer life than to be Achilles.

[@ValliPlays]

GoodGirlKate not so beautiful if you consider that Achilles dragged Hectors body around the city tied to his chariot before that and Priam had to beg on his knees before Achilles to get his son’s corpse.

[@luked4043]

DerBuffBär na, still beautiful. He brutalized Hector but he recognizes Priam’s bravery and the love of a father. Achilles calls him the bravest of all and has a soft moment even after all of his “rage”

[@ValliPlays]

Luke D True, but I just can’t get over the barbaric actions of Achilles before.

[@luked4043]

DerBuffBär ah fair enough. I guess emotional or profound would be a better word to describe the end

[@ABCshake]

Great video. However the first book of the illiad doesn't involve the death of Patrokles. Achilles' anger was initially due to Agamemnon taking Bresies from him

[@LeoWarrior14]

Hey, I didn't mean to imply patroclus' death was in book one. I was implying that Achilles' rage is the binding theme of the iliad as a whole (editorial, I know, but that is my opinion) sorry for the confusion!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"..

[@m.c.martin]

Technically, it could be a reference to something much earlier, like the Death of his Father in Anatolia likely 3 years prior at the hands of Trojan Allies, thus why Achilles is so eager to go to Troy

[@santiagodiaz8260]

Absolute love for these videos, they dig deep into many subjects ... This one , I am just amazed !!!

[@warrens.5933]

This is really dope, the music is just a tad overpowering but never the less, fantastic editing & content. Loved it!

[@LocalHeretic-ck1kd]

This is a fascinating story. We learned so much yet we know so little.

[@serenemountain6769]

so little ? what do you want to know ?

[@paulryan2128]

If by "we" you mean you, then yes.

[@douglasbubbletrousers4763]

@@serenemountain6769 Where do babies come from and why do they choose to come here? It seems to me that they are invading our world in much the same way as the Sea Peoples. How do we stop them from overrunning us?

[@pimplejuice8774]

@@douglasbubbletrousers4763 bro this comment is deadass brutally underrated, literally “underrated” is an understatement.

[@marko_kraljevic]

This was a story exactly... Not a documentary because it has only artwork and no evidences architectural, cultural, DNK, etnical or any other with not even a single one photo of the things that are mentioned in video... Therefore it's not history but a tale... on the otherwise, there are real evidence about Troy in the center of Europe it the mentioned time... Skadar... Even Homer's tales about the geographical position are totally matching with it...

[@22vx]

Did the Trojan War really happen? I vote YES.

[@crusader7659]

Rule of cool applies, it happened even if it really didn’t

[@alfredocubelo1109]

@@altinbardhi Maybe it did happen but instead of Troy, maybe the real life events wasn't named Troy. And it inspired Homer to wrote Illad because of the war.

[@lordblenkinsopp1537]

I vote no. At least not in the way the Iliad says. First, the Iliad was written much later after the war, before lots of written history existed, so “Homer” didn’t really have actual sources. Second a 10 year war over one city is impossible, the logistics for that didn’t exist. However we do know that Troy existed, and based on complex Mycenaean politics of the time it was probably a large, regional conflict, ending with Troy falling.

[@1985Shoota]

Well.. yes but actually.. no

[@elasolezito]

@@lordblenkinsopp1537 Well yes, the siege of Troy was the escalation of war. It was a big deal back then it seems, like an old world war between Greeks vs Hittites. There are letters about this, "warning like ones" about the conflict. Possibly some refugees went to Italy and got mixed with other tribes. About Illiad, i bet it talks about the conflict but making it overexaggerating. Doubt someone woke up one day and wrote this epic, even Odyssey's monsters got their inspiration from real life locations like the strait of Messina aka bad weather charybdis.

[@danielkovacs6672]

This video is awesome! The graphics are especially spectacular! I really like that you red the first line of the Iliad in greek. This o ne was indeed very informative. One of the best of your work, like the series on the Roman and Sumerian history, it is a pinnacle!

[@otgunz]

Strangely I also painted&animated Sumerian series and some of Roman videos like Servile Wars series, Caesar's Civil War and Sertorius :) Nice coincidence, thanks for watching!

[@violatingpanda8294]

This was a wonderful watch. I can't help but feel a little saddened at the end.

[@FxTR22]

Love the complexety of your historical research. This shows us that you went deeper into the historical facts then just the "yes and no" questions answered. Realy appreciate that a lot!!

[@carlosnevarez4003]

I'm not going to lie, the movie Troy with Brad Pitt is one of my favourite movies. I absolutely loved the duel between Hector and Achilles. Good work, team! ^.^

[@KingsandGenerals]

I don't hate that movie :-)

[@MrGOTAMA420]

the old film had a bad assfight scene were achiles takes hector and drags him back to camp

[@carlosnevarez4003]

@The Martial Lord of Loyalty Yes they did ^.^

[@arthurgrmg2850]

@The Martial Lord of Loyalty huh, i thought they were both cousins **and** implied lovers in the original illiad and that the movie merely downplayed the latter , but like in the original it still left it open for interpretation.

[@arthurgrmg2850]

@The Martial Lord of Loyalty You don't need to throw that preachy comment at me. i personally believe myself that those two were indeed lovers, given how greek society used to be. But according to my research Homer in the original illiad did *not* explicitly stated that they were lovers. But pretty much everybody (including later greek authors) assumed they were.

[@mihaicst87]

What if Troy was a thracian city? Nice work by the way , keep going!

[@user-xc6co3ur2v]

Bingo

[@historywithluis]

At 6:45 the word Homer is misspelled in Greek. It should be " Ὅμηρος" not " Ὅηρος".

[@historicaladventurevideos]

Excellent! I made a video about a month ago on the exact same topic. Although I put a little more focus on the Hittite texts as the mentions of Wilusa are very interesting.

[@simonholyoak8869]

Yes. The Tawagalawas letter is very revealing. (apologies for any spelling error)

[@LeoWarrior14]

I hereby pronounce myself first chairman of the "Schliemann sucks society".

[@t.wcharles2171]

Can I be vice chairman

[@t.wcharles2171]

But then again there's no challenge

[@skepticalmagos_101]

The liberal use of High explosives usually solves problems...sadly except here.

[@varana]

Then I pronounce myself chairman of the "Schliemann was an important pioneer society". :D

[@andywomack3414]

There is a long line of claimants ahead of you. Besides, I don't know if Schliemann should have known better. After all, he gave us an example of how not to do it. And Schliemann, if anything, was the archetype of the successful person of the age. Hell, he's an archetype of too many today. Ancient sites are looted and ruined for profit and wealthy people buy that stuff. I know little about archeology, but I'm sure that even Carl Blegen did things not consistent with current practice. We learn as a culture. Makes us civilized.

[@abeddani992]

Erudite and intellectual, stay concentrating more on the historical analysis like this more than battles and wars, really loved it loads

[@abalogan]

I love this channel, i learned a lot about this period, and this Vidio (like all of them) is super accurate, and gives the un-biased look and never tells you this is how it was, unless there is a super wide consensus, Perfect job!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@TheInquisitor2012]

Amazing animation, drawing and scenery and the animated shadows makes it come to life beautifully

[@phoenixprotocol452]

History is so magical. Born too late to discover the earth Born too early to discover other planets Born just in time to brows dank memes

[@socracle2774]

Born just in time to learn how to spell "browse" you illiterate Athenian

[@CrazyPinkStalion69]

Thats why the bronze age is so cool, you can read on the many different theories and since there is not always a precise explanation , you can kinda craft your own version of what happened.

[@AndreskoGaribaldi]

Greek states imported food (mostly grain) from the Black Sea region. Troy stood at the crucial choke-point between the Sea of Marmara and Aegean Sea, thus controling this trade route. The city was probably independent, but soon the Hittite start dominating it. The greek has to attack....

[@greco-romanfanboi7054]

Regular people: Trojan wars Me a interlectual: SIMP crusade

[@andresgarza6565]

Ladies and Simps we have a winner!

[@Jobe-13]

😂

[@skepticalmagos_101]

Epic 😂😂

[@The-Opium-Den]

@Nikolas Tyr Eh, Hector was the competent son of Priam. The guy hated Paris for bringing the war to Troy's shores by eloping with Helen. The man is anything but a simp. Paris would fit that description perfectly though.

[@Fisinocean]

I mean hector got murdered because achiles is a protelus simps.

[@JahRandom]

I've said it before, I'll say it again now, and I'll say it many more times in the future: Kings and Generals > your favorite channel, no contest. But seriously though, no exaggeration at all this is such an amazing channel; definitely my favorite channel on KZbin. The information is _always_ so interesting, the narrator's voice is *perfect* for the content, and the visuals are simply indescribably beautiful. Keep up the good work and *_NEVER_* stop putting out your Damn near flawless content. I truly cannot even begin to thank the entire K&G team for all you do!!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@resentfuldragon]

@@Universal.. funfact: pyrrus of epirus, one of the greatest leaders of the ancient world, was born in modern day albania.

[@gitpusher2400]

Thanks for the informative and very well-produced video! I’d love to visit Hisarlik someday. Will try to avoid the fate of Odysseus on my return trip :)

[@spinakker14]

Thank you for this! Recently I really got obsessed by the adaptations of the Trojan war (the movie Troy, the book The Song of Achilles), and the historycity of it. I only recently learned that it happened long before the ancient Greece I know, before the bronze age collapse (shout out to Epimetheus channel!). It's all very fascinating

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@CraigPendlebury]

This was one of your best videos you have put together, simply fascinating - if it went for three times as long I'd have still watched every second of it.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"...

[@maapaa2010]

This video was 11/10 best i ever saw on KZbin of this type. You guys did flawlessly

[@ArturdeSousaRocha]

Wow, beautiful imagery! And a very well presented topic, one of my favorites. BTW, the Achaean invasion on Troy sounds a bit like a proto-Sea Peoples raid remembered by the raiders themselves.

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"...

[@nelp090]

Yo I never comment but this was dope production quality keeps going up man keep up the good work really love your stuff

[@georgios_5342]

6:46 small correction, it's Ὅμηρος with a μ (m)

[@1bat1414]

6:45 - You misspelled Homer's name and forgot the letter "μ"

[@wholeNwon]

You misspelled "mispelled".

[@himrix]

He is awful with any language that is not English. The greek at the beginning is horrible 😅

[@axelmuller7946]

@@himrix not any language, his German is for a non German speaker better than 90% I've heard before from mostly english speaking people.

[@AndrewStamelakis]

@@himrix not entirely true. Our Greek language has known several drastic changes to pronunciation of letters throughout the ages. The way he read these words is close to what we currently think they sounded like. Of course we're not sure and it's an ongoing effort

[@ottovonbismarck2443]

@@axelmuller7946 Naja ... Das heißt nicht viel bei den "Angelsachsen". :-)

[@shaulkramer7425]

Really well done! Thank you for this.

[@aGr3atD4y]

WOW! I love and appreciate how deep you dig to find all the necessary info!

[@gregorylittle1461]

For a thorough treatment of this subject, Michael Wood's "In Search of the Trojan War" on DVD can't be beat. On second thought, a "thorough treatment" may be an understatement of this series.

[@suflanker45]

I love this series. I watch it at least once a month. While it is dated it does lay the foundation of the search.

[@johnkeefer8760]

Homer’s name in Greek was missing the m sound mu (μ). It should be Όμηρος

[@ksenos69]

Πολύ σωστά!

[@MyQuadell]

@@ksenos69 Classic reply!

[@MyQuadell]

Yeah, "Hoeros" just doesn't have the same ring to it.

[@ksenos69]

@@MyQuadell Mine or John Keefer's?

[@sd3nsd744]

Όμηρος Σίμψον

[@conorbroughton]

Beautiful artwork, music and ambient sounds!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed".

[@LarsRyeJeppesen]

I cannot believe how good this channel is

[@Mu7ammad0Almenshawy]

The hell do you mean "did it really happen"? It was in Age of Mythology ffs

[@KingsandGenerals]

Love that game

[@Mu7ammad0Almenshawy]

@@KingsandGenerals ohh don't get me started ❤

[@nickwoodfin2690]

@@Mu7ammad0Almenshawy *Norse Rush PTSD flashbacks*

[@MrAlepedroza]

@@nickwoodfin2690 The Titans scared the hell out of me back then.

[@abdurrahmanf.a.5624]

that game also have the best soundtracks of all age of ..... series

[@patl4615]

“Unlike the Greeks were excellent archers” Teucer: “Am I a joke to you”?

[@BoxStudioExecutive]

Who?

[@patl4615]

BoxStudioExecutive read the Iliad homey!

[@CliveBurr4]

Godess Artemis cries in a corner...

[@BoxStudioExecutive]

@@patl4615 I have. He's clearly not memorable.

[@shakazulu84]

He was half Trojan though, Priam's nephew.

[@iamscoutstfu]

They say that, after their civilization fell apart, the refugee's of the Troy traveled to Europe where they become nomadic folk who used chariots and horsemanship to conquer the locals. Makes a lot of sense, actually. If you have the genetically preserved psychological trauma of a long, agonizing siege like that. Helen represented Menelaus claim to Sparta through her descendant from Tyndarius. Her husband was King of Sparta and so Paris was essentially stealing an entire Kingdom from Menelaus. But, interestingly, Helen's name means "torch" and it's spelling links it to Venus, the illuminator, the "Lucifer". I almost want to go full tin foil and ask if Helen, as with Zeus and the other gods, not a pseudonym for something else. Something that functions like a torch and, when in your possession, makes you the king of Sparta.

[@oscargotjokes]

I love this channel in general and am a long time subscriber but this video was especially great since I am fascinated by those subject. I am actually a stand up comedian and used this video as research to write a joke thats on my channel. This was great thanks.

[@NYCfrankie]

Possibly my favorite video you guys have done and thats saying something incredible I've always been fascinated by Troy and what really happened this was awesome

[@alexandrecali7710]

A very interesting video, as always. Thanks for providing such quality content !

[@paulvontarsus729]

A beautiful video! Amazing artwork.

[@litebluwulf]

This channel is awesome! Love yalls videos

[@vellerephonte674]

The rage sing o Goddess, of Achilles of Peleus

[@huizewolters]

Love this channel. As a historyteacher I use this in my classes. A small note from a student:"Choose BC or BCE, dont use both."

[@nres1]

It took place on Hollywood, I remember so vividly.

[@isaacmiser2680]

You guys never miss! Thanks!

[@videogamecentral1432]

Before COVID-19 I was teaching my class about Ancient Greece including the Trojan war and that might have been real thanks to recent archaeologists troy might have been real

[@bonk2910]

your class at the day care center?

[@serenemountain6769]

it was real, and the Trojan Refugees, migrated to northern Italy, they were Called Etruscan's, later they gave birth ti the Romans, Half Etruscans - Half Latini, ho would have thought they would avenge the Trojan Empire when they conquered Greece.

[@videogamecentral1432]

Why

[@videogamecentral1432]

And probably know more about history than you

[@johnantwn5299]

Thank you for making a video about Troy! I am Greek and I live in an area called Ilion and Troy was built in an area called Ilion and the street of my house is called Patroclus. We Greeks believe that the Trojan War did take place!❤️

[@ilirjantavmepatligjona8591]

What did Ilion means ins greek language?

[@johnantwn5299]

@@ilirjantavmepatligjona8591 believe means light or sun But in ancient Greek light is "Έλ" ->él. Soo maybe Ίλιον -> Ilion means sun I'm not sure

[@ilirjantavmepatligjona8591]

@@johnantwn5299 learn albanian language and thank me later

[@johnantwn5299]

@@ilirjantavmepatligjona8591 why learn a bastardized language?

[@ilirjantavmepatligjona8591]

And for idiots like you. Ilion = "our Star" in the Albanian language

[@DutchSkeptic]

EXCELLENT!! This is how you do modern audiovisual historiography!

[@Universal..]

Historical point = Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey speaks only of Danaans, Achaeans, Argians and not of Greeks. The Hellenes (tribe of Southern Thessaly also called Argos Pelasgians), at his time, did not constitute yet a people or a Nation (Thucydides I,3). He affirms in the Iliad that "Zeus is Pelasgians and dodonean" (XVI,234). Precisely these Pelasgians (🇦🇱) were considered by all the ancient Greek authors as "the first inhabitants of Greece" before "The arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷)"! Another word that was misunderstood or glossed over. Indeed the Greeks arrived from somewhere because they were not indigenous. As they did not come from the North ( one wanted to make us believe the opposite), they could only be foreigners coming from elsewhere. It is this elsewhere which is difficult to define very precisely. But the legends, which are only embellished, idealized or metaphorized historical facts, give us some precious indications on the first foreign ethnic groups having occupied the country of the Pelasgians: the Danaans (Egyptians from whom the Dorians descend), the Cadmeans (Phoenicians) and the Pelopides (Assyrians). Among the peoples of archaic Greece the Ionians, Aeolians and Arcadians were descendants of the Pelasgians, indigenous populations conquered by the Hellenic invaders: they could claim to be indigenous populations. All the ancient authors, including Homer, Hesiod, Hecateus of Miletus, Acousilaos, Hellanicos, Herodotus, Thucydides or Ephorus, inform us succinctly but sufficiently to affirm that before the arrival of the Greeks the Pelasges (🇦🇱) occupied the country that was to become Greece. They also claim that these Pelasges were not Greeks but "Barbaros" i.e. not speaking Greek and, finally, that they LEGAVED TO THE GREEKS A LARGE PART OF THEIR CULTES AND DIVINE. Example: So, everyone has learned (at school etc ...) that Zeus was a Greek god, right? But why in the books of Homer (the basis of the bases!) we never see the so-called "Greek Zeus, Mycenaean Zeus or Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " Here is what Achilles (the greatest warrior of the Trojan War) tells us about Zeus = Achilles: - "Zeus, sovereign lord, O Dodonian prince, O you Pelasgic Zeus (🇦🇱), distant god who reigns over Dodona, in this harsh land of the Stool... " Source : Homer ( Iliad, XVI, 233/234 ) Achilles did not say " O you Zeus the Greek, O you Zeus the Mycenaean or O you Zeus the Hellenic etc ... " So why did they tell us that Zeus was a Greek? With this alone, we can see that modern historiography is not honest! Zeus = Zâ, Zani ( gheg ), Zê, Zeri ( Tosk ) Before securing power over the other gods, Zeus was the god of the luminous sky, of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, rain, wind, lightning, thunder). It was said of him "Zeus rains or Zeus thunders". With Homer and Hesiod, he acquired a preeminent role among the gods of Olympus and a place of choice in the mytological cosmogony. Some say that the name Zeus evokes the Sanskrit root "Dyaus" meaning "the day" (Latin Dies). However Homer states that "Zeus is Pelasgic 🇦🇱 and Dodonean" ( Iliad XVI,234). The oldest sanctuary, dedicated by the Pelasges to Zeus, is that of Dodone, in Thesprotia (ancient Pelasgia, called Epirus, the 5th century) . In Dodona was a sacred oak whose rustling leaves were interpreted by the oracle as the "VOICE" of Zeus. The attributes of Zeus are the Eagle, the Lightning and the Scepter. Moreover, lightning means "thunder", thus "noise" or "voice". Thus the name of Zeus can be explained by the Albanian "Zâ, Zani, the "voice", the verb". With the arrival of the Hellenes (🇬🇷) this oracle lost its importance to Delphi, the "Greek" sanctuary (of Apollo) par excellence. It should be noted that in Albania, God is called Zot (Zeus = Zojz = Zot), all religions combined. Moreover the expression "by Zeus" (who forgives) is always used there "për zotën". Porphyry (Life of Pythagoras) reports that Pythagoras used "Zan" to designate Zeus! ) This alone is enough to convince us that a great civilization, not Greek, existed WELL BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE HELLENES (🇬🇷) Neibhur (FOUNDER OF THE MODERN SCHOOL OF ANCIENT HISTORY!): "The name Pelasgians was probably that of a nation and, in any case, THE GREEK EXPLANATIONS ON THIS SUBJECT ARE ABSURD!" Source: The History of Rome Volume I, p.507 It is the meaning of this famous word "ARRIVED" that the modern authors (majority) did not quite seize (or occulted). Everything has been said and its opposite on this subject. Until the discovery of the so-called Mycenaean tablets, "deciphered" by Ventris and Chadwick, the doubt remained in their minds! But as soon as these two scholars decreed that the Mycenaean linear B (in reality Pelasgians!) was of the old Greek, all rocked in favor of the thesis of the continuity of the two civilizations (Mycenaean and Greek) and this in spite of FOUR CENTURIES, I repeat "FOUR CENTURIES !!!! "of MAGISTRATIC SILENCE! It is this theory that Mathieu Aref dismantles with arguments to SUPPORT because nobody suspected that this Mycenaean (total invention of Schliemann, who is not even an archaeologist but a Businessman! ) was none other than ancient Pelasgians (opinion of the Ancient Authors!) from which is derived, in part, the ancient Greek. Moreover of other flagrant argument comes to corroborate this last thesis: According to Herodotus ( I,57- VIII, 44- VII,95) the Ionians were Pelasgians (🇦🇱) become Hellenes (🇬🇷) by adopting the Greek language! The ethnonym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgic 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "ours", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, of our ethnic group" . The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the inhabitants of Attica were of Pelasgic origin, is, before, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe (Lesbos) and other ancient authors. Curiously Thucydides, whose chauvinism is not any more to be shown, affirms that Pelops (conqueror of Peloponnese) was a was a foreigner come from Asia (I, 5): the only time when it evokes the foreign origin of one of its a - Therefore, the ancestors of the present Albanians, the Pelasgians, lived during the prehistoric periods in most of the then known world, developing a very important civilization and building works of exceptional value". Source: Great Greek Encyclopedia (Athens, volume. XIX p.873) - "Pelasgians, very ancient people living during the prehistoric period in Greece, in the Archipelago, on the coasts of Asia Minor and Italy. It is generally considered that the ancient Illyrians, Thracians, Phrygians, Lydians, Etruscans, Epirotes (...) and Albanians of today are the main branches of the Pelasgians". Source : Petit journal Larousse (Paris, 1950, p.1599) Karl O.Müller ( is a German archaeologist and mythologist ) : - The more the intelligence will enter the history of Greece, the more the attention will return on the element Pelasgians sacrificed until now . (Prolegomena - 1825) "Will enter" "Pelasgians", "sacrificed"...

[@theahmedmustafa]

The parallel between Troy 7 being built on the foundations of an earthquake struck Troy 6 and the myth of Heracles rampaging Troy decades before the Trojan war is really satisfying