Dutch Golden Age: Crash Course European History #15

While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act together. They were throwing off the yoke of the Spanish Empire, uniting their provinces, and building out their global trade network. Today, we'll learn about how the Dutch came to their Golden Age, and how it ended.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn. Making of the West. Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
-Parker, Geoffrey. Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
-Popkin, Richard. The History of Scepticism: From Savonarola to Bayle. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
-Rommelse, Gijs. "The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650-74." Economic History Review 63#3 (2010) pp. 591-611.
-Smith, Bonnie G. Modern Empires Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
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#history #europeanhistory #crashcourse

[@Preygrantess]

Seeing Belgium orange on the map while the Netherlands is purple grinds my gears

[@ScheveSneeuwSchuifSchep]

Fun fact: Carrots where made orange for the Dutch king but it was done so in Belgium

[@MrMickey1987]

Ludivico Carthage Never knew that. But the time in which Belgium’s made carrots orange was during the short time Belgium was not ruled by other European powers or a independent kingdom but the few decades it was a constitutional part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 😉

[@steviedufresne6282]

@@ScheveSneeuwSchuifSchep carrots already existed, they just bred them to be orange. Before that they were a whitish color similar to parsnips.

[@LeBaron101]

@@steviedufresne6282 Fascinating, I wonder how much Fruits and Vegetables changed since the Middle ages and Early Modern Period

[@steviedufresne6282]

@@LeBaron101 Very fascinating! The Columbian Exchange and other cross-cultural/geographical exchanges totally remodeled world food systems. For instance, Korea didn't have hot peppers until the Portuguese sailed there in the mid 16th century. Imagine kimchi without peppers! There were still several types of kimchi, but the kind we think of now with hot peppers came after the Portuguese exchange. Potatoes went from the "New World" to the "Old World," bananas from the "Old World" to the "New World," tons of examples!

[@laynetrahan5477]

This video is brought to you by the VOC

[@shawn6669]

I've heard that there's "so much drama in the VOC".

[@TheLionEric]

@@shawn6669 VOC?

[@nikovaalthov5272]

Thats true... Hopefully they was not so mean to us

[@shautiknandy4879]

@@TheLionEric Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, aka Dutch East India Company.

[@tompenningdevries6756]

or the mostly overlooked WIC the West Indische Compagnie, aka The West india Company, who operated in the America s

[@Rimpelmans]

Apparently mispronouncing names is not John´s thing anymore. Most names were spot on, maybe that time spend in Amsterdam rubbed off.

[@ryuusei1907]

it must be from having lived in one of those 17th century buildings

[@McMaster1471]

Rimpelmans not Dutch, but isn’t Vermeer pronounced like “Fermer” or something? that’s what my school textbook says (フェルメール)

[@jacobandrews2663]

@@McMaster1471 it depends, not all Dutch people pronounce de v grapheme as /f

[@Peter-li5bc]

@@McMaster1471 No, it's a soft 'v' sound, not a hard 'f' sound. He isn't 100% spot on with the name Vermeer, but the first 'Ver' sound is really good.

[@McMaster1471]

Peter M oooh. it might just be the limitations of katakana, then. thanks!

[@jamesbuxton2941]

I like that John's voice has gotten progressively more cheerful as this season has gone on

[@bookswithbenjamin8902]

Me too. He seemed downright depressed earlier

[@melonlord1414]

I mean, the time is way more cheerfull. Don't get me wrong. They still did horrible things and caused grealt suffering, but europeans themself had a way more positive outlook on the world after the scientific revolution. All life had to offer in the middle ages was death and what came after it. At the point in history, that the show now covers, people thought way more about thier life and less about death than a few centurys earlier

[@jrex0522]

@@melonlord1414 jokingly teasing. 'grealt' spelling. truthful. no offence is meant

[@melonlord1414]

@@jrex0522 Yeah, it's not my native language so what? So in how many languages are you fluently enough to have perfect spelling??? Nah, I'm kidding. It's not my native language, but my main problem is that I am lazy af. No offence taken :-)

[@jrex0522]

@@melonlord1414 it's okay, considering i only know english i at least gotta make it count. just trying to help ya out while making a fairly (admittedly bad) joke in the process. i almost typed 'fairy' instead of fairly, if that makes it any better. and auto correct says i typed english wrong too...

[@historywithhilbert146]

9/10 not enough Wilhelmus

[@TerrorGert]

never enough

[@finnianquail8881]

no u

[@yetigriff]

Every time I hear the Netherlands I expect the Wilhelmus.

[@l3quack]

A video about the Dutch and/or History and Hilbert shows up...Expected;)

[@mihirmutalikdesai]

Stille Willem

[@stan2754]

Just realized John wrote 'The Fault in our Stars' after all these years.

[@timkraan5486]

Good episode, but I feel like the moeder negotie, the "mother trade", the trade with scandinavia and the baltics shouldn't have been skipped. This trade, while not as exciting as the east indies trade, was crucial too the succes of the dutch. It allowed the dutch too get cheap things like wheat and wood from the north. This way dutch peasants could focus on things other than food production and specialize. Northern countries have also been influenced by this trade, for example st petersburg.

[@jaapverwij4620]

It's definitely a missed opportunity because everything discussed in the video could only exist because of the moedernegotie and east sea trade. The marches, peat bogs and polders were notoriously terrible for growing grain and building a ship without wood is quite the challenge. The 'stapelmarkt' (hoarding market) in Amsterdam where the merchants stored grain for years providing food security and hefty profits when harvests failed. Furthermore the wealth distribution was more evenly distributed among the people compared to the VOC's profits whom mainly traded within Asia and only brought back to most expensive and luxurious goods. The east sea trade gave the average household the opportunity to do more than just survive. I think he should also have mentioned that the brothers De Witt where killed during the 'rampjaar' (year of disaster - 1672). A year in which the Netherlands were attacked by the English, France, bishop of Münster and archbishop of Cologne. And after years of systematic reductions on military spending by De Witt resulting in half the country being under foreign occupation. The state of Holland not being overrun only because they flooded the polders to create the Water Line and Michiel de Ruyter preventing a naval invasion by defeating the English fleet. From this war the economy never recovered, the moedernegotie declined and Dutch influence in the world followed suit.

[@freekmulder3662]

@@jaapverwij4620 John definitely skipped some things, I also think the moedernegotie and the focus on trade/cooperation should have been more prevalent.

[@AlbertAlbertB.]

'Too' should be to. Too much; to Amsterdam.

[@msdenise1234567]

brr I remember this question on my finals

[@ysbrandd4908]

the best part of the moeder negotie is that is was the most important trade, it got the dutch the most money. And the russian flag got based of the dutch one :)

[@HoofHearted88]

Staten Island in New York is named after the Staten Generaal that ruled the country, much like New Zealand is named after the province of Zeeland. An other thing John didn't mention is how the Netherlands got to keep control over Suriname with the Treaty of Breda. At the time Suriname was a more profitable endeavour than New Amsterdam was. Suriname was a commercial deal whereas New Amsterdam was a political move first.

[@rhmw9625]

The Staten Generaal is still the name of our parliament ;)

[@aperson22222]

roblinssen88 NYC has certainly turned a profit since.

[@davedevosbaarle]

Several areas of New York are named after Dutch cities. Harlem - Haarlem, Brooklyn - Breukelen.

[@freekmulder3662]

@@davedevosbaarle I wouldn't call Breukelen a city however, it is barely a village

[@mr.jj210]

@@freekmulder3662 and brooklyn was fully build city?

[@vladimirlenin9120]

Spices: “Exist” Netherlands: “It’s free real estate”

[@franciscomm7675]

Indeed

[@Trazynn]

And we still manage to have the blandest cuisine in the world.

[@sporkeh90]

@@Trazynn Consequence of being such greedy bastards more than anything xD

[@DrCatdeJong]

@@Trazynn cooking up some boiled potatoes, green beans and a beef sausage right now, dutch quisine at it's finest. Can't wait to poor some gravy on those potatoes and mash the hell out of them!

[@erdnasiul87]

You mean Portugal

[@ilyaelric9539]

- Did the center of the world just opened? Is that a tulip there. - NO, IT DIDN'T! What have you done to the center of the world?

[@tams805]

It did; it's just that bubble popped so quickly you couldn't see it.

[@ilyaelric9539]

@@tams805 I guess no tulpenmanie for us.

[@gplthebeast]

Just use 『Sticky Fingers』 to open it

[@adolfoalvarez6651]

@Jeremy Mettler ah, a man of JOJO culture

[@TainakaRicchan]

If I learned two things from Europa Universalis IV it is that golden ages last 50 years and the duch government is the best kind of government!

[@MisterDutch93]

It lasted roughly 80 years, from 1590-1670, but the estimates vary. The Disaster Year (1672) is usually marked as the end of the Golden Age in Dutch school books. And yes, the Dutch Government in EUIV is indeed quite overpowered!

[@RedbadofFrisia]

@@MisterDutch93 Het rampjaar is in zestientweeënzeventig volgens mij.

[@mokerak8708]

Glad we got some eu4 fans in here

[@Arrakiz666]

No kidding, that game alone taught me more about geography than I ever learned in school.

[@Seth_rs]

Well nowadays you could say the same if you dont mind paying 21% of your earnings to taxes

[@SaiyanHeretic]

The spice must flow.

[@franciscomm7675]

By any means necessary

[@CapitalMort]

Melange is orange. Orange is symbolic to the Dutch. The Dutch were crazy for spice. Hmmmmm.

[@thatdutchguy2882]

Ahh, Dune.

[@thatdutchguy2882]

@@CapitalMort Ssssttt damit, not so loud yo. Sombody might hear,....jeeezz.

[@XmarkedSpot]

Who controls the spice controls the universe.

[@lazlooegema4796]

The Dutch maritime network did actually start in the baltic sea region with the trade for timber and grain, which were relatively rare commodities in the Low countries due to its wet and swampy nature. Those trade routes were named “moedernegotie” and paved the way for more daring expeditions to the far east.

[@shirknado7953]

Can you do a crash course African History? I know almost nothing about the entire continent and would really appreciate it.

[@RoScFan]

The problem is we don't know much about it. Information about African history up until the colonial period is like European history before classical antiquity.

[@Argacyan]

We do have a lot of anthropological records, stories etc. from which we try drawing info. Here on youtube the channel EmperorTigerstar for instance has a history of south africa video in terms of mapping and beginning around the year 500. One issue can be distortion of history, as due to colonialism and later imperialism a lot of things were made up or distorted about Africa to serve overlord purposes.

[@aratosm]

Stop hating Africa.

[@malleableconcrete]

I think that's a bit of a wide topic. I would like to see them do mini-series on the history of individual countries that probably don't warrant an extensive 20+ episode series. So for example it could have something like the history of Ethiopia or South African in 5 episode chunks. Of course particularly old and large areas of the world like China and India that are still quite distinct as entities could probably manage to have series like this one on Europe.

[@Trazynn]

History is about that which has been written down. You're referring to prehistory.

[@ythehunter755]

The biggest difference between Dutch trade in the East and Spanish/Portugese is that we didn't come to "teach them", but just for the money (you can decide which one is better morally). You can see this for instance in that almost nobody in Indonesia speaks Dutch, while almost everybody in The Philippines does speak Spanish. Also fun fact is that the Dutch were the only ones to trade with Japan for a long time, because they trusted us to not sneak in some pesky Christian converters.

[@Kevin-ps5wq]

Wait whut... I've been watching videos of yours for years now. I had NO clue you were the author of the fault in our stars. Heck I didn't even knew you were a famed writer! It's so delightful to still see you here making crash course video's with all that succes! Keep it up I guess!

[@augustus331]

When you see the Golden Age version of your hometown of Groningen at 5:00 on a educational show made in Indiana, US. Wow, that's awesome! Thanks, John!

[@gabesusman4592]

When your fan base is so passionate they eat those who would oppose you.

[@jacoblynam923]

Gabriel Susman I’m extremely upset that your comment doesn’t have more likes! That made my laugh so hard!

[@mariasavchuk8016]

Oh God, John, I've watched all your videos and I didn't know, that you wrote "The Fault in our stars"🙈 I always thought you are a teacher of history or something like that... Oh God, my life will never be the same...

[@Elenrai]

Lemme spice your life up some more: The book was hardly original, he literally wrote an older danish book into english and got a career outta it! I kid you not, there is a Danish book from the late 90s that had the exact same overarching plot, characters, etc, the biggest difference was that in the Danish book(forgot the name, trust me I beat myself up about it all the time when I think about the fault in our stars) the vacation destination were not Amsterdam but Spain! If I ever find that book I will throw it your way in case you wanna see for yourself just how close John Green got to outright plagiarism

[@borisjo13]

G E K O L O N I S E E R D

[@Holland1994D]

Z E G M A K K E R

[@idndyzgaming]

Nusantara be like

[@bz7672]

I see I'm late.

[@Marco_Onyxheart]

@@Holland1994D Ik ben je makker niet, broer!

[@CakezEdits]

S P E C E R I J E N

[@skausage]

You're my favorite Hoosier, John. You could be sitting on a beach for the rest of your life but you're here grinding out excellent content for all of us to enjoy. Mad respect.

[@erikthehalfabee6234]

I make quizzes for a hobby and I am Dutch, but I had never heard of the inventor Jan van der Heyden. Thanks!

[@Kholdaimon]

The governor of New Amsterdam had recommended to sell the colony because he said that a war of independence was brewing, that is one of the reasons that the Dutch gave up the colony during the treaty of Breda (he was 100 years ahead of time with his prediction, but still). They also didn't lose the ability to use the port for trade, the owner of the port just changed, so they didn't actually lose that much...

[@alexrettig7402]

As much as I enjoyed this episode, I feel like you really glossed over how ludicrously violent the Portuguese control over trade in the Indian Ocean was. They basically shot their way in, set up fortifications at every entrance to the sea, and then set up a protection racket forcing every merchant in the area to pay them for the privilege to go about their lives. The Dutch usurpation of this system was no less violent, wresting control of Portuguese operations as part of their war against Spain, whose ruler was also the King of Portugal at the time.

[@askkedladd]

And the Portuguese made the natives hostile to them (at least some of them) because they actively seek to convert them. This is also one of the reason why they were driven out of Japan and the Dutch became the only country allowed to trade with Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate.

[@CamiloSantana]

"[war] is definitely not good for people which I would argue are more important than business?" And you call yourself an American?!?

[@alexandrub8786]

Propaganda my friend. They want a monopol to war prosperities

[@duckwhistle]

Exactly, businesses are people John! next you'll be saying crazy anti american stuff like money is not speach.

[@PlannedObsolescence]

THIS! All of us Americans have the exact same opinions, damn it!

[@johnnyherbert2635]

Dude all the US seems to do is go to war. If anything endorsing war would appear to be more "american" unless thats just british media only showing one side of coin as far as wars goes. Ps love watching crash course. Thanks john

[@baronvonlimbourgh1716]

@@johnnyherbert2635 they go to war because corperate profit is more important then people. Both domestic and abroad, corperations don't make that distinction.

[@ronaldderooij1774]

We still hold the record of the longest war of independence.

[@David-fm6go]

I find the comparative analysis of this video to be rather sloppy in its execution. Yes the Dutch and the English had divisive political situations on there hands but it wasn't as simple as merely one of them being chaotic while the other dominated. In fact one could say that both suffered similarly during the same periods of time. The Orange dynasty derives from a landholding aristocratic family that held the Principality of Oranje in Southern France and were related to a branch of the ancient medieval dynasty, the House of Nassau, which ruled territory in the HRE. After this family inherited the Principality of orange, it began to acquire massive properties through inheritance in the low countries and eventually in the early 15th century began to be appointed by the Dukes of Burgundy to positions of power in the region. When Spain inherited the Low Countries from the Burgundian line this service continued for the first several decades of the 16th century. With the Dutch Revolt though, William I (The Silent) joined and led the revolt until his death anyway. The Orange dynasty were basically a group of land owning, European Princes who like many in the era held disjointed territories. After the death of William II just two years I think after Charles I was beheaded, it left his son William III as a toddler and it began a stadtholderless period, during which the DeWitt's rose to power. The Cromwellian regime even cut deals with the DeWitts to keep the Orange dynasty out of power since they were inter-married with the Stuarts (William III's mother was a daughter of Charles I). Late in the 17th century, even with its problems with England, disaster came in the direction of France. The English and French joining together in the third Anglo-Dutch War nearly ruined the country. And this meant that the Dutch were keen to remove the threat coming from England. This is why William III was interested in the English throne, because it would prevent another Anglo-French alliance. Charles II and his brother James II had been gravitating closer and closer to France and Louis XIV, who had sheltered from for a while from the Cromwellians. This led to the secret treaties and the alliance in the third Anglo-Dutch war as well as the conversions of James II to Catholicism and Charles II followed suit on his death bed. William III meanwhile had married James II's daughter Mary, in an attempt to maintain the peace. Meanwhile the crisis of the war had eliminated (one way or another) opposition to the William III becoming stadtholder. When Louis XIV revoked the edict of Nantes it meant that a large number of Huguenots had fled to both London and Amsterdam. The presence of these refugees stirred fears of Catholic oppression in both places and led to the hunger in England to avoid a Catholic dynasty and also caused opposition to an expedition that would have normally existed in anti-War, anti-orangist Amsterdam to melt away. In the series History of Britain, Simon Schama said that England concluded with the Glorious Revolution that "it didn't need leviathan, it wanted more a Chairman of the Board and Dutch William fit that role to a tee". The next big political shift in England and Britain as a whole would occur as the that Chairman of the Board role would shift to the Prime Minister during the first two Hanoverian Kings and only with George III, was there an attempt to just restore things to where they had been with William and Anne, but by then it was too late. From 1672 onward the Orangists would not really be challenged for control of the stadtholdership again. Meanwhile after 1689, the British had settled on a Constitutional monarchy. Therefore it is incorrect to say that Dutch became politically chaotic while the English got their act together, both countries largely had their act together. The decline of the Dutch golden age came from the fact that the Dutch monopolies would be challenged by the naturally stronger English and the English could always fall back on their Island and colonies while the Dutch would forever be exposed on land to Germany and France. William III got his wish though, his rise to power created basically a Dual Monarchy over the "maritime powers" as they would have been called in the 1690's and this meant that there was a powerful bloc to the north that would check French expansion and in both the war from 1689 to 1697 and the Spanish Succession War this block, would fight alongside the Hapsburg's against the French. Ironically, the implementation of several Dutch inspired policies such as the Bank of England in the 1690's, meant to strengthen once again the ability to fight the French, actually empowered the English at the expense of the Dutch. So in a number of ways, to save the Dutch from the Anglo-French alliance, William III indirectly paved the way for English domination of the trade and the seas in the 18th and 19th centuries, to defeat Louis XIV.

[@garbibaba]

Thank you for the detailed comment!

[@AlbertAlbertB.]

You could have used one instead of two enters per paragraph.

[@minellahaas6209]

John your pronounciation was on point in this episode! I have never heard an Amercian do so well on Dutch pronounciation! Nice to hear for a change :D For example Johannes Vermeer, Zeeland, De Jong sounded nearly perfect (stadtholder was a nice try but no xd)

[@Omnigreen]

Finally, can't wait for the Eastern Europe episodes.

[@alexandrub8786]

On what it look it seem to be Ottoman empire and he is western european he will also speach about Russia and less about other,also ignoring 2 centuries.

[@jesseberg3271]

He picks up countries as the Renaissance reached them. So he should cover Poland by the end of the 19th century, and Russia could be mentioned as early as the 24th century.

[@alexandrub8786]

@@jesseberg3271 ok then where the f**k is Italy? He doesn't really speak about them and they are the ones who made the Renaissance.

[@jesseberg3271]

@@alexandrub8786 What are you talking about? He spent the first two episodes on Italy.

[@TheAnthraxBiology]

"But I would argue that people might be more important than businesses?" *industrialists gasp*

[@CrisSelene]

Great episode, as always. But I can't help but be hyped for the next episode. Finally an Eastern Europe focused episode !!!

[@willh7352]

I can't wait for every single one of these episodes.. thanks so much John Green!! for real for real.

[@Trotty2000]

In Spain it is called "La Guerra de Flandes" which i suppose can be translated as the dutch war. Thinking about it is strange that we dont acknowledge in the name our participation in that war.

[@PietVandeVelde]

No, it is better translated as the "War of Flanders". Why? Because Bruges, Ghent and, Antwerp (part of modern day Flanders) were very important trade ports from the 11th until the 16th century and casus belli for the War. That's why you can even find traces of the Medici's influence way up north. Those Flemish cities, together with a great part of what is now modern day the Netherlands" were unified by the Burgundians during the preceding centuries. It was after the death of Filips I (son of Maria of Burgundy) that Spain, by Charles V (born in Ghent), was made part of Spain. The war that followed was fought for a large part in Flanders. Making the wealthy (mostly protestant) Flemish class flee to the North. The money of those merchants (before 1585) brought with them enabled to kick start the VOC.

[@Trotty2000]

@@PietVandeVelde Yeah, you are probably right but in Spain at that time we used to call the whole benelux region (and a couple of other territories that i cant remember right now ^^u) "Flandes" ... That's the reason why i translated it the other way. Because the region of flanders is not the same territory that was called "Flandes" by the Spanish.

[@TheYoungWolfI]

Please oh please have a Scandinavian history episode!

[@_vallee_5190]

This video is a masterclass in historical analysis, it actually brought me to tears, which incredibly rare for any historical analysis.

[@tyberius1313]

Thank you for making these. Love the history series!

[@jips5522]

Finally. I've been waiting for this one. G E K O L O N I S E E R D

[@jeanpaulsinatra]

In this video: all the hipsters move to Amsterdam. "Damn," says Amsterdam, "we gotta start pillaging some stuff"

[@riksnoek6068]

haha history of the entire world, I guess.

[@peeves3873]

You are amazing. It gives me a chance to know a great deal about history even though I am in a different stream. Thank you.

[@septemberavenue8344]

I love learning from this. Please continue this noble endeavor.

[@thebutzel9752]

John: Next is Eastern Europe in the 16th Century Me:Do I hear the Polish Lithuaniaian Commonwealth in the distance? Poland: AND THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!

[@SidheKnight]

Sabaton: WHEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!

[@alexandrub8786]

17th century* (Edit) i am disaapointed that he ignore 2 centuries of eastern european history

[@Arrakiz666]

@@alexandrub8786 Yeah, I'm a bit sad he's apparently going to lump ALL of Eastern Europe's history into a single video. Poland, Hungary, Bosna, Albania, Moldavia, Lithuania, Ruthenia, the old monastic orders occupying the baltic regions for centuries, the various Russian principalities coming together to form the Tsardom, and of course, the Ottoman Empire. All of those are incredibly different countries with different cultures and history interacting with one another in a world very much removed from the broader European conflicts. Especially as a Polish person, it saddens me that it can't be expanded on more.

[@mstakenidentity]

@@Arrakiz666 I'm an Australian of Lithuanian descent and while I love Crash Course I feel the same way about how Eastern Europe and Australia/NZ/Oceania get covered.

[@ADIMontenegro]

I love this channel. I have seen almost every video, just want to let you guys know we appreciate this channel!

[@gbrann100]

I am thoroughly enjoying this course. I love European history and this is a very good teaching of it.

[@windwalker5765]

Please add Episode #14 (English civil war) to the European History playlist... Thanks! I frequently binge Crash Course series while doing chores, and it's nice to listen to...

[@RoScFan]

Glad to see eastern Europe is coming.

[@aratosm]

Yes, one episode, woopi doo.

[@alexandrub8786]

I am rather scared.

[@cashmoneychanel1209]

aratosm there’s more coming dummy

[@RedbadvanRijn-ft3vv]

@Nguyen Le Hoang No muslim nazi idiots.

[@uranusprincess6827]

I feel like Queen Elizabeth 1 needs her own whole episode. Shes a legend.

[@MKPiatkowski]

Happy to have a segment on the Dutch. Was blown away by the art I saw at the Rijksmuseum. Cool that you lived in a canal house!

[@driverdave1298]

Mr Green, you’re a very humble man, as I was quite surprised that you lay claim to being the author of a very well written book! I seriously enjoy you and your brother’s successful content, thus (oddly) have great hope in the continuation of modern family values.

[@mcloughlinandrew2343]

More light than heat!

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

I’m originally from Sleepy Hollow which started as a Dutch settlement. Unlike the other Europeans, the Dutch treated the Native Americans fairly and even traded with them too.

[@dutchuncle2716]

We did. But just because it was profitable. ;-)

[@alexandrub8786]

Didn't the french did the same think?

[@alexandrub8786]

Also what about the natives from Indonesia?

[@dutchuncle2716]

@@alexandrub8786 They got their villages burnt if they didn't want to trade, or also trade with the Portugese.

[@Rogue-A.I.]

Best history series ever! thx John!

[@odina3688]

Dude... I love your "Crash courses". Thank you. :)

[@yoshipercussion5126]

Excellent content as usual, guys. It'd be awesome if you shed more light into Latin America's history. Keep it up!

[@Corporis]

I see that sneaky "More light than heat" reference Thought Bubble...

[@MrJonLott]

This was one of the funniest and best Crash Course episodes I've seen.

[@maremaarten]

Excellent series, awesome teacher!

[@VashdaCrash]

See? They'll talk about eastern Europe too, it'll fun! :D

[@ilyaelric9539]

I definitely hope so. There are no high quality videos about one of the greatest countries in history (Poland-Lithuania). At least on English-speaking part of KZbin.

[@NikPL141]

It won't be fun if they reduce it to only one episode though

[@GoDLiKeKakashi]

@@ilyaelric9539 Dude, they won't. That graphic at the end gave it away with every animated character wearing turbans. It's gonna be all about the Ottomans and we'll be lucky if we hear more than 2 sentences about PLC.

[@myusername6595]

Oxydino I’d really like to hear a lot about the byzantine empire, the migration of the Huns, Slavs, Hungarians, bulgars, etc. Poland-Lithuania, the northern crusades, and the medieval origins of some of the smaller countries. But it probably will mostly be a bit of a repeat of the ottoman and Russian world history lessons.

[@alexandrub8786]

@@myusername6595 he told XVII century,there will be no byzantium and no migration and quit racist to treat eastern europe like they did nothing in the XV and XVI centuries.

[@archvermin]

"I feel like I should apologise to my friends and family for that joke, except...that I'm not sorry!" I would like to steal that line for when I'm old enough to crack dad jokes

[@robitybobitybam]

Thank you for the pacing of speech!

[@Beryllahawk]

And now I'm going to have that song stuck in my head ALL DAY.

[@bellasgonemissing9705]

the 'more light than heat' and 'the sequel' thing made me laugh

[@augustus331]

Finally a video about the Dutch!! I am so hyped before even watching this. Thanks, John!

[@janevim11]

halfway through the video I realized that even though it's summer vacation I've been looking forward to tuesdays to learn cool new things about history with this series, and I realized what a huge nerd I am, so much so I said it out loud. still, I learned that the netherlands are really cool and that I would love an extra course in dutch history next semester. and visitng amsterdam would be really cool too

[@MKPiatkowski]

Was in Amsterdam a few years ago and it is really cool. Been learning Dutch since. The history of the Netherlands is fascinating.

[@mihaylo_kovin]

Thank for your work)

[@EloquentRoasts]

Here in Europe this is what we call: “History”

[@Frahamen]

9:38 see, this is an anachronism. People didn't paint outside until 1841 when the paint tube was invited. Until then the painter or more often the painting company, made the paint at the spot. Landscape paintings were a thing long before of course but there were made either out of memory, or based on previously made drawings or, like in the case of many the golden age Dutch paintings, out of a window.

[@elise2182]

What about oil-based paint, which took a lot longer to dry and could be transported anywhere?

[@KWolf2013]

As usual, excellent information! Also, cheers to Thought Cafe for the easter eggs in your office. When are you going to write 'The Sequel' and 'More Light than Heat', anyways?

[@dcbaars]

WoW i really liked the animations! And it’s always fun to get a crash course in history

[@FictionWriter95]

Fun fact: the first member of my family to move to the New World arrived in New Amsterdam in 1640, meaning that he was one of the first 300-ish settlers of what eventually became New York City.

[@_iivinnyroxesii_98]

idk why im watching this even tho this is not part of my social studies but its interesting :>

[@twistedtachyon5877]

Not so surprising. If you've got both a good teacher and a good curriculum, the things you cover in school should give you a good framework, but even that's not a given. Don't let what you're specifically told to learn be all that you know. Knowledge is power, as they say, and there's always going to be something interesting you don't know.

[@SibusisoBiyela]

Nice touch with the tulips at 9:00

[@musewinter9369]

Thank you for teaching me so much

[@Tfin]

"extracting far more they invested?" Isn't that the whole point of an investment?

[@michaellyden2580]

"War is good for business." -Rule 34 of the Ferengi Rules of Acquisition (Not to be confused with Rule 34 of the Rules of the Internet)

[@canni5760]

Ah, but have you forgotten Rule 35 of the Rules of Acquisition? "Peace is good for business."

[@michaellyden2580]

Emma Moolhuizen and you remember... ...Matthew... ...21:17.

[@MichielGlas]

God job on you Dutch John! To make it even better, use the vowel 'ou' as in "ouch!: Stadhouder. Thank you for your video's!

[@daviddeboer09]

Wonderful show. Very well produced! Small error: The States General did not elect the stadtholder; the individual provinces did. Most chose the same guy, but the province of Friesland, for instance, had a different stadtholder most of the time.

[@danielmasny1587]

John, what are your top two TMBG songs? I need to know.

[@Fromage10x]

I made some guesses but I would not have put Istanbul as 3 (great song but much lower on my list) so who knows.

[@chadtindale2095]

Birdhouse in your soul. Definitely. Maybe particle man is the other. But Istanbul wasn't a tmbg song. It was a cover.

[@sonicgoo1121]

FISH HEADS!

[@chadtindale2095]

@@sonicgoo1121 that is absolutely not a tmbg song

[@Fromage10x]

@@chadtindale2095 it's a Napster joke, heh

[@melda92TRS]

More Light than Heat!

[@geraldimhof2875]

Noice video, but oh wow! Looking forward to next video, that's what I wanted to see :D

[@Tuwakan]

Johns gaining some meat, been a while since I've seen a video! Much love guys

[@shawnguy3317]

I love John writing "The Sequal" and the More Light Than Heat on the board. What happened on 9/16/2009? And John drinks diet Dr. Pepper!

[@thattimestampguy]

0:23 Perspectives 0:35 Lenses 0:53 The Lens of Power 1:21 Monarchs • Taxes • Religion • Expansion 1:30 Productive Skilled Labor. + Money + Land + Goods 2:10 The Dutch Golden Age • The Business Class 2:38 The Eighty Years War (1568-1648) 3:14 The States General and The Stadholder • Holland • Zeeland 4:25 Republic or Stadholder Republic? 4:55 Pro-Business Economics. 5:15 Dutch Center of Art. 6:07 Jewish Refugees, Pilgrims. 6:53 Secure The Spice Trade 8:02 + Plants 🌱 + Commodities + Trade 8:43 Netherlands 🇳🇱 , Amsterdam, The Land of Canals 9:28 Painting Common People 10:20 Oliver Cromwell’s Navigation Act of 1651. Mercantilism. 11:28 Anglo-Dutch War 12:47 Political division ➗

[@merijnfooij2986]

Bravo man!

[@deldarel]

Stadtholder is an English word so you pronounced it correctly in American and made an attempt in British. The Dutch word is Stadhouder.

[@davedevosbaarle]

Stadhouder litterally means city holder.

[@dutchraider2]

@@davedevosbaarle Perhaps a better translation (because directly translated it is city holder) would be city keeper. Since it means about the same as the word innkeeper.

[@michaelc5152]

Wait a second. This is THAT John Green!?

[@werds1392]

Noire yes

[@BkismNJ]

I was unaware, as well.

[@cashmoneychanel1209]

Seriously? People are still shocked 🤣 look up all his books they’re fantastic

[@Doonsmoo]

Good stuff.

[@arivera8886]

I loved the old version sooooo much

[@sirwolfnsuch]

3:19-3:27 There wasn't one stadtholder, and he wasn't appointed by the Estates General. Rather, each of the seven regional Estates elected it's own stadtholder. It just happened to be that the majority usually appointed the same person (while the two northern states usually picked another guy from the same house of Orange). Otherwise, great video!

[@iqbalbhayangkara3816]

Indonesia's Independence Day is on August 17th. Good time to release this video!!

[@fernandovanderlaan9225]

G E K O L O N I S E E R D

[@ricktimmermans1552]

You can still see the tongue of Johan de Witt and the finger of Cornelis de Witt in a museum in The Hague.

[@sonicgoo1121]

AKA leftovers.

[@rodfer5406]

Excellent

[@moladiver6817]

American historians are uncovering more and more about the role of the Dutch in early American history. One notable thing are the parallels between the American declaration of independence and the Dutch act of abjuration 2 centuries earlier. Fun fact: The Netherlands by one of its ships in the Caribbean was the first to salute a vessel with an American flag and thus recognize the US as an independent country. The Netherlands as a relative safe haven for all kinds of people became Europe's first true melting pot. This got then transplanted to North America through the colony of New Amsterdam which then became the seed for the North American melting pot.

[@falnica]

Now I want to play as Holland in EU4

[@TheToneBender]

The brothers De Witt story is always my favourite

[@geoffreywinn4031]

Cool video!

[@MrSonic130]

Kolonisatie is een drug en ik heb een verslaving

[@alexandrub8786]

Wat? (Edit:) Do you even hablar engrish?

[@ruudvisser4293]

Wist niet dat jij dit ook keek

[@chriswetering79]

Liever onethisch dan oneetbaar

[@user-sd5vh1mx5x]

🌷"The Originals of the two Republics are so much alike, that the History of one seems but a Transcript from that of the other." John Adams - 1782🌷 🌷We may derive from Holland lessons very beneficial to ourselves John Marshall - Virginia Convention 1788🌷 🇳🇱🇺🇸🇳🇱 🇺🇸🇳🇱 🇺🇸 🇳🇱🇺🇸

[@Shivom.Parihar]

🇺🇸 🇳🇱

[@nannepeters8303]

🇳🇱🇺🇸

[@robertjarman3703]

Hamilton originally proposed life terms for the president and senators believe it or not. They could be impeached, which is what to him made it a republic as opposed to a monarchy. The Stadtholder served a similar role.

[@kayhoorn]

The only difference is that you guys won the war against Brittain, we didn't.

[@gabor7524]

kay hoorn depends on which war you’re talking about

[@andrewgutmann9432]

4:21 Businesses are people, my friend. - Mitt Romney, being relatable

[@Ny0s]

Looking forward to hearing about eastern europe. As a french, I am a bit sad we are not taught more about the history of our direct neighbours.

[@alexandrub8786]

Fun fact my nation considerated himself to be a eastern european France (especially between WW1 and 2) beign latin and sending the nobels to learn there but also in Vienna and Berlin

[@sug1495]

Guys, I need a bit of help. I'm trying to research on Dutch expeditions to the East and colonisation of Indonesia. Do you guys have any scholarly articles/books you would recommend for this topic?

[@lbrlrsfdj8895]

No

[@beth8775]

I suggest asking Google Scholar.

[@sug1495]

@@beth8775 I'll do that, definitely

[@mevrouwdebeer]

Hi there, I am a Dutch Grad student in History and Politics and would love to help you out. Your question covers more than 400 years of colonial and geopolitical history of which their affects are still clear and present today. When you go for an overview, just as John mentions, there are different perspectives to choose from. The majority of literature is focussed on economic and political prosperity of the colonizer while new perspectives such as humanitarian disaster such as slave trade and civil war is slowly getting more into focus in historical research. A recent popular book in the Netherlands is 'Roofstaat' by Ewald van Vugt (but is in Dutch). I get so annoyed when my professors do this to me but I have to ask: could you be more specific in your research question? I will see if I can help find something. Groetjes, Rianna

[@sug1495]

@@mevrouwdebeer Hi Rianna, thank you so much for taking out time to reply to me. The reason why I haven't narrowed down on my research topic is because I'm trying to get an overview first before delving into details and choosing a specific question for the same. I would however like to concentrate on the gradual transition from being a trading company to establishing themselves as colonizers though. 🤔 Hope that makes sense. ;-; I would have loved to read that book but I don't understand Dutch. 😓 I'm so sorry if this is a hassle