E. Siletzia & Swauk

[@maxinee1267]

finally made it live.This was great, I loved learning about 51 million years ago and the hot spot that created our state. I think Ilive on a piece of it. I am one mile from Nisqually west of I5. exit 114

[@vicsaul5459]

Happy new year from Somerset 🇬🇧, great channel Nick, Noraly also, both Rockstars,

[@pathorgan8643]

Great session - interweaved past learning beautifully - Thanks Nick!

[@arieswebb5]

Gneiss presentation Nick!

[@hankgraver6934]

Noraly, shrinks the World for us as we sit and watch!

[@MrJimbcantrell]

Nick, you rock. I love watching and learning with you.

[@jeffbybee5207]

Please never worry about going on too long. Extra Nick is a bonus!

[@yukigatlin9358]

😄✨💞🩷What a way to enjoy an early Saturday morning talking and learning with you, Nick!🎶 Thank you SO much for coming back among us and resuming to talk about the build-up to the birth of Cascades!! I'm thrilled moving forward to Mike Eddy's area of the geological investigation in deep understanding of Cascades...😏✨💛

[@5USgRWFH]

You continually exceed our expectations. Thanks!

[@turkfiles]

God bless ya Nick! What a great journey you took us on. It is so heartwarming to see you back in the saddle again! Learned a lot today, and I sure am looking forward to the rest of the series! Thank you👍

[@barrym4079]

If you find it interesting Nick, chances are pretty high that we all will. Enjoy every lecture and show. Thanks for all the hard work you put in .

[@pollypeanut1736]

Nice episode. Loved how this one pulled together a lot of information and concepts from previous seasons' programs!

[@ozonepat]

The section about the Seattle Fault and its construction was most excellent! You made it very easy to visualize what is going on along that line that I live right on top of. Thanks to you and all of the other geologists who contributed and synthesized this information.

[@michaelmckeag960]

Makin & Carey, 1946, the year I was born (in Seattle), 1965, the year I graduated from high school (near Kirkland), so much has been learned about the geologic history of the land beneath my feet in these almost eight decades, the landscapes I thought I knew utterly transformed, viewed at geologic time scale. Mind bending (and thrilling).

[@kateclover874]

fascinating. Love that you are brining in a variety of experts to share their expertise and opinions. And I'm realizing how complicated the geology is in the Cascades.

[@barrydysert2974]

1:16:40 i like this tangent !:-) The Nick on the Rocks episode was an absolutely perfect illustration of today's concepts. History written in stone. i never dreamt how much of that history we would be able to document. The precision of the dating out of MIT is astounding! And it's local!! i share Your excitement!!! i'm with You on the YHS connection to the hot climate. It's logical. Nick, you make me want to go on living if for no other reason than to keep learning with You and the community You have built. Your joy increases the joy in all of us. God bless You !:-)

[@kaywischkaemper4259]

I LOVED this presentation-you seem to be ginned up spiritually again too. Love you Nickster🎄🥳🦌

[@xwiick]

Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!

[@ericojonx]

Love your channel Spread word when I can. Thank You so much. God Bless

[@daytonlights-peterwine468]

It was fun watching live, but I was watching on my wife's TV (while hanging with the puppy) and didn't have my KZbin account connected, so couldn't comment. Such a great episode, I can hardly wait until Thursday! I guess I understand that some may be frustrated that you didn't "jump in" to the Cascade stuff right away, but I like the way that you set the table for all that's to come by starting with the basement first, and showing us how that will influence all that happens next. Thank you for all you do.

[@Trinity-Waters]

Best one yet, Nick! Siletzia has captured my brain.

[@jillrector7176]

So glad you’re a Washingtonian Nick! Thanks for the (new to me) story of Siletzia, and who knows, maybe my house is on top of it in Lacey, WA!

[@wtmcgivney]

Great presentation... It's fun to be back in your class.

[@carolwillett5495]

Hi all watching in replay!

[@williewilson8244]

42:20 love it love it love it!!!!! I work at a gas station, What is Selitiza Nic!!!! Is it - well “was” it an island chain or a mini continent or a huge set of volcanos ??? Can you white paper and black sharpie just draw Selitiza front to back side to side how much above and how much below sea level in about 10 seconds!!!!! “Please” what was “IT” and was it just a along for the ride and did it smash into the USA or did the USA smash into it!!!! If it was a auto collision what would that narrative be!!! The USA drunk driving and hit IT at 105 mph or was the USA just minding its own business and Seliza slammed into the Hood of the USA at 150 mph!!!! Or was it just a backing out the parking space and touched bumpers??? Inquiring minds wanna know!!!! PLEASE 😂😂😂😂. Absolutely love all the work!!! 😊

[@denisee9966]

What an incredible episode! Keep 'em comning, Nick!

[@d.t.4523]

Rock, ya gotta love it! Merry Christmas Nick.

[@alterherrentspannt]

Thanks for showing that map of the Chuckanut Formation. Now I understand why Interstate-5 goes that way just south of Bellingham.

[@Dyan_Eckert]

Thank you Nick!

[@glenncarr1947]

Thank you, Nick.

[@pinkerdroit]

Thank you for being here! Class time is best time. 😁💛🔨 Cheers~

[@russelltate3703]

Yes, once again you caused me to do research! (Thank you). People have theorized a PETM, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

[@USchyldt]

The possible connection between LIP's and temperature fluctuations is intriguing. I think it was very good thatt you mentioned it, even if we don't yet know for certain (as far as I'm aware of).

[@lorrainewaters6189]

Jeesem, I didn't realize the size of Siletzia! I went to Erin's article on Nick's site and I learned that in Oregon it is 30 km thick! That is in the range of a thin tectonic plate! In WA it's 18 km thick. In S. Vancouver it's only (?) 6 km thick. I can't get over the 30 km! Go to the paper, Zentnerds. The photographs are beautiful. whooo this is fun

[@mbvoelker8448]

This was interesting. I don't mind the slow build -- we need a foundation to build the new material on.

[@cliff4377]

wow, free posters? awsome. can't wait to show you some rocks

[@CodyScarp-hl9ty]

It’s wonderful to have you back and to know all is on the up and up with you and yours. Just fyi, I’ve watched nearly all your videos, but usually do so in replay so I can pause to think, pause to rewind on some point I didn’t quite get at first, and to pause to take a screenshot of your informative sketches shown via “Docky.” I’m sure I’n not the only one who absorbs your videos this way. Point is, you no doubt have many more viewers than is reflected by the number of live viewers you have displayed for each episode. Cheers!

[@benwinkel]

Couldn't make the live. Watching the replay.

[@craighoover1495]

Thank you for the new insights.

[@dippyanddakota]

Thanks again as always Nick

[@711zuni]

ads ???? that’s new !!! it was nice while it lasted being ad free !!

[@SingersMom-rx8wt]

If the north end of siletzea erupted during accretion might it have caused the fault line and the change in the northern angle of the boundary?? Good class. Will have to rewatch though... missed some info just before the Nick on the rocks episode. Looking forward to the next class and a family update! Continued healing....

[@paulbrallier7028]

Big Four. Now I get it. Time to snowshoe up and take another look at those chert conglomerates.

[@robertfarrimond3369]

There are so many rabbit holes to go down (and get stuck in) with the docking of Siletzia.

[@inqwit1]

Do what you do, go where you go. I drank the Ned Zinger Koolade during the backyard days.

[@billy-go9kx]

When I was a kid in the Tri Cities, WA we only had 2 channels.

[@AvanaVana]

1:15:30 Nick, the PETM is indeed correlated with LIPs, but the specific LIP with which the PETM is correlated is the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP)m not Siletzia-although the additional coeval formation of Siletzia may have added somewhat to the larger atmospheric & climatic effects. The responsible LIP-the NAIP-was a massive LIP that occurred synchronously with the opening and rift-to-drift transition of the North Atlantic Ocean, that is, the separation of the old Caledonide margin between today’s North Sea area (Britain + Hebrides + Shetlands + Orkneys + Faroes + Norway) and Greenland. The NAIP was the “plume head” event for the “plume tail” that currently feeds Iceland, and the volcanism of Iceland is a continuation of its magmatism. The Greenland-Iceland-Faroe ridge complex on either side of Iceland links directly to the seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs-thick layers of basalts erupted on the newly-created passive margin during the rift-to-drift transition) and volcanic centers of Greenland (Disko Island, etc) and Great Britain associated with the NAIP. The Jan Mayen microcontinent, on top of which is built today’s still-active Jan Mayen volcano and island is a rifted continental fragment associated with this process. The PETM occurred with the NAIP’s emplacement because the NAIP was erupted through a thick series of organic/carbon and sulfur rich sedimentary beds from back when this area was a passive margin of the earlier Iapetus ocean (basically coal beds, etc). Contact metamorphism of voluminous sills and subvolcanic intrusions during NAIP volcanism created massive amounts of thermogenic carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide, which wreaked havoc on the climate. The work of Henrik Svensen and co-workers is especially good on this. Also, there is a more fringe theory that may also be implicated in the PETM-in other words, the PETM could have been a “perfect storm” of several unique geologic occurrences co-occurring together. This theory involves the tectonics of Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico, and was put forward by James Pindell, one of the foremost experts on tectonics in that region, who first decoded the tectonic assembly of that part of the world. Essentially, Pindell and his partner (whose name escapes me currently) found evidence of severe sea-level fall all around the Gulf of Mexico coeval with the PETM, but mainly along the eastern gulf coast of Mexico. They found enormous paleovalley channels cut out in earlier strata and infilled with PETM conglomerates and later sediments. But at the unconformity created by these paleovalleys, they also produced a paper which offered pretty striking evidence of bitumen (basically asphalt) deposits, deposited subaerially on the sides of one of these paleocanyons. They know it was subaerially exuded because blocks of the wall rock fell into the wet asphalt, which then harded around it, and also there are certain minerals in and around it that only form subaerially. So they theorized that a massive sea level fall event (drawdown) occurred in the GoM during the PETM, and the reason given for this was based on Pindell’s great experience with Caribbean tectonics. Just like how the drawdown of the Mediterranean is now well-accepted during the late Miocene (the so called “Messinjan Salinity Crisis”), which was caused by the tectonic collision of Africa with Europe and the blocking of the Mediterranean entrance at Gibraltar by a volcanic arc there, Pindell and colleagues theorize that the tectonic block that Cuba is built on collided with Florida and the Bahamian block at this time, choking off access to the Atlantic from the GoM, causing a massive draw down in sea level. The PETM connection comes from the fact that it is known there are very old deposits of methane clathrates (ice-bound methane) deep under the Gulf of Mexico, and if sea level fell so much, as seems to be indicated by their evidence, the deep water covering these volatile methane clathrates would have been lost, exposing them to either shallower, warmer water or even atmosphere, and causing them to melt and release giant amounts of methane into the atmosphere. Methane is a much more quick-acting greenhouse gas than CO2, and they believe this helped worsen the PETM, or caused it.

[@RonSparks2112]

Thank you for that very interesting information. Is it possible to quantify the relative contribution of Siletzia vs. the NAIP to global carbon levels in the PETM? Has any work been done on this? Also, is it POSSIBLE that there is some relationship between the vulcanism of both LIP's, or is it definitely just a coincidence that they were emplaced at the same time?

[@williewilson8244]

Thank You for the post!!!! I only understand 1% of what you stated but at least I am 1% smarter than I was 1/2 hour ago!!! Just fascinating reading!!!

[@adamcollegeman2]

excellent

[@rmsrmsrmsrms]

i can't believe I'm caught up with a new series, whew. (except for reading the papers, sigh)

[@dennisroberts4178]

DENNIS FROM QUINCY. You quickly showed a picture I have been waiting for. It’s the diagram of Siletzia being crashed into by the continental plate and both formations showing crumple zones. I think that’s a good representation of the collision. Sheet metal and plastic are crushed together, paint is swapped, pieces are lost. A good visual. Thought experiment: Could the blender you are looking for to mix the grellow thoroughly be the same river systems that formed the Swauk? The Swauk was low energy meandering rivers, but in their infancy could they be steeper, high energy rivers originating from the same parent material. Terminating at the coast or possibly even off shore. As always enjoying the ride. DR.

[@montanawardog]

Very sorry I missed the live on this one. Sounds like a fine time in the Live Chat. For some reason on the replay the Live Chat isn't showing up. KZbin weirdness I can only assume.

[@spamletspamley672]

A difficult thing to get one's head around, is how layers of sediment can get to be buried deep enough for long enough, to form solid horizontal rocks, when they are on a moving basement?

[@spamletspamley672]

Hey Nick. Sorry to miss the live, in grotty Bedfordshire, England, but just heard you say about sometimes your mouth doesn't work right. I read a while back, someone was giving advice on how to whistle, and they said that, if your lips won't make the shape: go "eeeeeeee" and try again! It really works for whistling: maybe it works for speech too. :) Ooh: and that reminds me of our school music teacher, who made us get our mouths working ready to sing, by making us go: "nee, naw, no, NEE, NAW NO" a few times, getting louder and louder. Maybe you should try that, but mute first! :)

[@thirstfast1025]

Can't wait to see how Nick represents a subducting divergent plate boundary over a hotspot with food.

[@paulliebenberg3410]

Nick, 3 thumb's up on your synopsis of Itchy Boots, her channel and your channel are the two channels my wife and I make the time to watch together when new episodes are out. I've been riding motorcycles for 60 years and can attest that Noraly is the real deal! Got to get her book...

[@williammurray4008]

If we could only go back and get the satellite view before the Siletzia accretion. Just before! Amazing to think about that.

[@Dragrath1]

The Paleocene Eocene Thermal maximum is connected to Yakutat-Siletzia but also the NALIP(North Atlantic large Igneous Province) which seem to have overlapped in time. NALIP started by ~58 Ma and peaked ~56 Ma Yakutat-Siletzia started by ~56 Ma but seems to have peaked in volume ~52 Ma which was a second spike of hot times. It is curious that there were two major flood basalts at the same time though this is not unique even though it is the youngest multiple LIP's coappeared. I wonder if there was something going on in Earth's mantle back then?

[@mr.morelock]

Gah... so many moving pieces. Looking at the August 21 video with Gene Humphreys at about 35:00 ... he has Siletzia under Ellensburg quite a ways. My head is musing about the torn slab... the torn Siletzia, half of the collision subducting up north, have accreting down south, the Seattle Fault line... the Northwest rotation... Where was the Seattle Fault 51 million years ago, and is it connected to the torn slab and the torn Siletezia? Does it matter to what we are studying? If somebody animates this in 3D, I'll vote for their Doctorate. :)

[@kban77]

Nice talk! Question. For Seletzia formation over a hotspot and a divergent/transform boundary. Couldn’t it be both for a time(like Iceland). Divergent boundary over thr hotspot, but only for a time. Then maybe just one or the other?

[@turkfiles]

@@kban77 great question👍

[@wpherigo1]

Nick - in your defense, Tanya Atwater animations go back more than 13 years showing BajaBC / paleomagnetism. A video by “wvannorden” on YT incorporates it! In many ways you are one of the best geology teachers on KZbin. You face the challenges of attempting to communicate big subjects at a Geology 300’s level and having to teach this to many of us who are at a Geology 101 level and unfortunately, wanting to bring along your own terminology (like fruitcake, German chocolate cake, and grellow) to many of us who weren’t along for the ride when you coined them (and for which I don’t think there is a dictionary). I would recommend at a minimum turning on the Automatic Concepts feature in KZbin when you post like you did on some of your earlier videos. Just a thought. Enjoying the series!

[@danielstevens5135]

IS THE SEATTLE FAULT WHY THE NORTHWEST WASHINGTON IS MOVING CLOCKWISE? DOES THE FACT THAT THE BASEMENT IS THINNER IN THE NORTH AND THICK IN THE SOUTH ADD TO THE CLOCKWISE ROTATION?

[@darlenericotta]

Good morning!

[@darlenericotta]

Humboldt County California

[@bh6408]

A question: Is it possible that the reason that the Siletzia portion in your maps is narrower above Seattle and wider below Seattle is because that northern portion of Siletzia slid under North America above the Seattle fault and rode up over North America below the Seattle Fault as mentioned in your presentation?

[@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515]

Another letter epic. Please, More Eocene thermal maximum. Is there any place that compares today, or was it too hot? The 'Crazy Eocene' had some details, i'll review that. Thanks for synthesizing all of this information. The dates that you questioned puzzle me because of the consensus of all the others.

[@Kyle-b5x2k]

Tis a puzzle. If Swauk time nice and calm then where were the volcanoes related to the Farallon plate sbuduction that started @200 ma?

[@6thmichcav262]

I’m lost on how Siletzia formed south of Oregon and ended up in northern Washington when the rest of the Yellowstone hotspot dotted its way toward Wyoming. Was Siletzia razored off by the Farallon plate and dragged north?

[@danielhutsell2794]

Love this show marion montana

[@anaritamartinho1340]

Now i have the questions: WHY SEATTLE FAULT IS SO "DURABLE", 51 MILLIONS? THERE ARE OTHER FAULTS WITH THE SAME AGE OR MORE? THE WARM AND HUMIDITY IS ALSO IN OTHER COUNTRIES IN THAT TIME?

[@jimlebo5642]

How tall/big was the uplift that caused river reversal, and were these mountains basically eroded down to sea level? Was the uplift continuous between BC and OR?

[@johnnash5118]

Ponder this, 56:30 Like throwing a full toolbox into a running gearbox while saying, choke on this Farallon! Siletzia was formed from and remained in contact with the mantle, its height rose from the mantle to at least sea level, probably more. Presuming that the past can be modeled from the present, the Paleocene-Eocene Farallon-Juan De Fuca plate was on average 60 kilometers or 37.3 miles or 196,850 feet thick and 3.2 kilometers or 2 miles or 10,800 feet below sea level; but the Siletz/Crescent Terrane wasn't average oceanic crust, it was an Icelandic-like Large Igneous Province (LIP,) combined side-by-side with its sister in alaska, the Yakutat Terrane, they were likely similar in area to the Philippine archipelago of today, ≥40.5 miles thick x 200 miles wide x 300 miles long, that's not even considering what was subducted prior to accretion or what's concealed below- The oldest section 70-60MA.

[@teddwayne]

Ted from Honolulu/via White Salmon Wa

[@cliff4377]

you haven't posted this on x yet, keep everything syncd if you can please

[@Sukisunn]

The beginning comments... You mention weird nostalgia... And that some how leading you to something in the past... And most likely present. Community... And community such as this... Filled with lots of wonderful open minds. And all that plus more... Gives you the nostalgia feeling. Food for thought. Great community by the way!

[@TheFixIsIn-fe1jy]

Is the 4 big mountains the only mountain with the black pebbles, and if so would that be the first mountain to form in the cascades from Siletzia?

[@RockManGary]

Rock man Gary from Kalamazoo (hi Nick)

[@teddwayne]

over a 1,000 live views,hit the "LIKE" button :)

[@TheFixIsIn-fe1jy]

I think He has Siletzia 65ma older because it was building under water in the ocean like a mound starting off before it was building above the water I think 62 - ma.

[@johncloo9093]

Nick If the boundary of Siletzia is by Seattle I see it making of the cascade volcano's, it can't be the birth of Yellowstone.

[@USchyldt]

There's a larger story here that Nick have explained in a lot more detail in earlier series. Essentially the hotspot detach from the large igneous province when that accretes on the NA continent. It takes a while before it returns, then underneath the NA continent, with calderas tracing all the way up to the present position of Yellowstone. The date-ranges synch up well too.

[@johncloo9093]

@@USchyldt If you look on google maps the Yellowstone hot spot looks like a meteor hit.

[@karihamalainen9622]

Good morning from Finland.

[@graysonchip]

Nick, I wonder about causation vs correlation on large igneous provinces coinciding with globally hot times. I (a luddite) reckon it’s possible that hot surface temperatures could impact internal temperatures and convection currents, creating a feedback loop of extraordinary volcanism causing hotter surface temperatures globally. Am I crazy? 😂

[@richards3075]

Nick, when Siletzia was approaching Ca Or where was a subduction zone, was it under Siletzia subducting west?

[@richards3075]

OK Nick, I reached the end of the stream and realize you will be answering my question in the next video in the series.

[@benwinkel]

"Got my keys!" The time that Nick put on a live stream, walked outside and forgot his keys. That would be interesting! Luckily that hasn't happened(yet).

[@vhfarrell81]

Siletzutat!

[@williamwood9948]

So this Geologist goes into the Insurance Co., and tries to blame "the Accident" on... Lol... Late Nite w/Dr. Z...The coffee in tonight's" Coulton" was headed for the nostrils with the " who cares about...," comment! (I must remind myself to sip more carefully during future lectures...) Best to all

[@jameshughes8745]

The climate connection to Siletzia is plausible. I'm curious if someone has already explored this. This is a reasonable contribution to global warming through carbon dioxide release. I recommend Michael Mann's book, Our Fragile Moment, for a deep dive on climate change in Earth's history.

[@andrewpickard3230]

Michael Mann is a fraud. William Happer tells the truth. There is no climate emergency. Carbon Dioxide levels rise and fall and there is good evidence to say up to 800 years after temperature change.

[@robtippin9111]

😎

[@JackMorningstar001]

!