Einstein's Relativistic Train in a Tunnel Paradox: Special Relativity

Special Relativity's Train in a Tunnel Paradox.
My Patreon Account: / eugenek

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

To see subtitles in other languages: Click on the gear symbol under the video, then click on "subtitles." Then select the language (You may need to scroll up and down to see all the languages available). --To change subtitle appearance: Scroll to the top of the language selection window and click "options." In the options window you can, for example, choose a different font color and background color, and set the "background opacity" to 100% to help make the subtitles more readable. --To turn the subtitles "on" or "off" altogether: Click the "CC" button under the video. --If you believe that the translation in the subtitles can be improved, please send me an email.

[@marcust.cicero6292]

... but German Language! ?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

If someone wants to help add a language that I don't already have, they can send me an email.

[@alenasenie6928]

there is a little problem in the video, information can move faster than light, spooky action at a distance, is mass that can't travel faster, in this case force is transmited via mass movement, so it is limited by c, but pure information is not limited by c, that is why only information can escape a black hole

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Alen, if information could move faster than light, then it would be possible to send messages backwards in time. The "information" that is transmitted in spooky action at a distance are random outcomes that we have no control over, and hence we can't use this to encode useful information, like sending the winning lottery numbers backwards in time. I cover this in detail in my video on this topic at kzbin.info/www/bejne/rGeYaIyirM1glc0

[@jadesolid]

Do you think about to make a video on the Ehrenfest paradox ?

[@garychap8384]

Police are currently looking for Sarah in relation to several train crashes. If you see her please remain calm, do not approach her, and alert the authorities.

[@JonMcG]

hahahaha

[@AldoCugnini]

Beware that she may be responsible for certain trolley incidents as well.

[@19673475]

funny

[@porterhouse0]

haha finally a decent comment on KZbin

[@benjaminturk8030]

Yes!

[@ynntari2775]

Sarah is impressive, she can follow the train with her head while it moves near light-speed

[@lucasfcnunes]

All relativistic phenomena are not perceived by Sarah because her head is moving at the same speed of Adam's trains haha

[@Ex-expat]

Whiplash!

[@Lightson_you]

@@lucasfcnunes Well it depends on the angle

[@redcamaro9401]

she's light-headed from these experiments.

[@patrickstar236]

@@redcamaro9401lmfao

[@angelanavarrete3864]

Instead of resorting to nonrigid bodies, i think it is much easier to understand if you keep in mind that for lengths and distances to shrink the speed of the train has to be CONSTANT. The moment the locomotive hits the exit door at the end of the tunnel it decelerates from whatever speed it was going to a complete stop, but nothing can accelerate or decelerate from a constant speed to zero speed in zero time. The very moment the speed starts decreasing towards zero special relativity length-contraction does not apply anymore and you have to use general relativity. Of course the effect of such sudden (but not instantaneous) deceleration is that the tunnel "resizes" quickly to its original size, that is, the size it had when the train is at rest and neither the train nor the tunnel are moving at a CONSTANT speed relative to one another. QED

[@beomi2127]

10:40 In this way, there's no adam left who can agree with that :(

[@D3w10n]

So we solve this physic issue the Italian way?

[@Vaeza822]

Moving near the speed of light with that mass.....I don't think the train will give a shit about the door being shut

[@DrPepper776]

what do you think would happen to the door? would it vaporize into elementary particles? or would the train pass through it without damaging it?

[@alexmartinson9123]

If you think about the energy from the train versus the energy from the door, the train could pass through it because it has the higher energy (E=mc^2). Idk if I'm correct but that is what I think.

[@maximalgamingnl9954]

Alex Martinson f=ma

[@ravenmast3r334]

Vaeza yes finally someone gets it

[@mjtsquared]

With that energy some particle can very easily quantum tunnel to the other side, no?

[@Bigbuddyandblue]

If it's an Amtrak train, it will arrive at the tunnel 5 hours late, from any viewpoint.

[@maxbuskirk5302]

This made me laugh! Don't forget VIA too!

[@whod]

If it was bulgarian train, it will never arrive. Because it's always broken.

[@codedragon6237]

If it was Indian, there would be a station inside the tunnel

[@KC9UDX]

If it was Pakistani, the passengers would fall off when they hit the tunnel.

[@KC9UDX]

If it was Molvanîan, the train would derail at the same time the tunnel collapsed when the train was five miles away from the tunnel.

[@satyasrikar709]

09:34 RIP Sarah We’ll miss you xx

[@mmenjic]

We can conclude that Sara is cute and Adam is dead in this experiment.

[@Nostradamus_Order33]

Milorad Menjic 😀🤣😄😁

[@thettguy]

Sara needs her own Hentai channel

[@syntaxerror8955]

Sara may be cute, but she's a real bitch. You have NO idea!

[@crashingblow]

Hence proved

[@haqadn]

Speed of light in this video is so slow that I fall asleep several times.

[@19673475]

you are making me laugh now

[@khadijalakhdari4168]

san2goog GDF

[@martwest3261]

+tommy cane115 You have a better theory. Do tell.

[@NishchayBhuta-en8rl]

tommy cane115 Musim will now claim that einstien converted to islam for his marriage to cousin!!!

[@martwest3261]

+tommy cane115 Einstines theories are fundamental to our understanding of the universe and therefore our full potential. Unfortunately mankinds potential is mostly being used to destroy itself. He unlocked pandoras box because he was not as cynical as he should have been about mankinds paranoi and corruption. Same for doctors who do stem-cell research to cure sick babies, naive to the fact that they will bring about the breeding out of everything human about humans. The history of technological advances amongst us neanderthals is everything gets weaponised. Nuclear power, Social media, Life itself. It's not the scientists fault it's the warmongers. It's Trump, Putin, May, Bush x2, Blair, Thatcher and all their 'Sponsors'

[@NetAndyCz]

I do not think Adam will agree, I think he will be disintegrated into subatomic particles at that sudden stop in the tunnel.

[@clare2385]

So instead of saying “I like trains“, I can say “I like man seperate rectangles that are tied together through flexible connections“.

[@robertr7923]

you like men? Dunno, seems pretty gay to me

[@subReme]

@@robertr7923 From your perspective and thats how you see him.

[@limmortale2001]

7:49 Truly a sad moment. Seeing a young man with a great future ahead get trapped in an unbreakable tunnel by a malicious entity (It may be Sarah, it may be God, it may be Eugene K.).

[@linuxp00]

Poor Adam, at the end he was only trying to commute as fast as possible.

[@yanemailg]

the shrunk tunnel little door 4:35 getting bigger as it goes from the horizontal axis to the vertical is a fine detail, well done.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Yan G, thanks.

[@sithsmasher7685]

+Yan G That also struck me as great detail as Lorentz contraction only appears in the direction of motion. I really like the situations used and how things are visually explained. Eugene K. has earned himself a +1 subscription.

[@DrPepper776]

its a her i think, but idk. the voice is a computer im pretty sure

[@xxXthekevXxx]

DrPepper776 Eugene is a man’s name

[@Moraldog]

@@xxXthekevXxx not necesserely en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_(given_name)

[@ashscott6068]

Ahhh! NOW I understand what Einstein was saying: Don't get on a train with Adam.

[@charlessmith833]

I have contacted a number of train authorities and it seems that none of them are willing to participate in any of these dangerous experiments. I guess we will never know for sure what really happens to the train. I have observed a number of autos on the freeway travelling at near light speed and I have to tell you it is really bizarre. They didn't appear any shorter or longer, mostly just a blurry streak. When the police travel at light speed I notice the sound of the siren takes about 10 seconds to catch up to the blue lights. Really weird.

[@BritishBeachcomber]

Never has a thought experiment made relativity seem so complicated.

[@colderplasma]

Special relativity *is* this complicated and weird, you really can't simplify it down further than this. Watch any undergraduate introduction to special relativity and you'll see that.

[@FiNiTe_weeb]

Peter D Morrison Helped me ubderstand it alot, I was confused about this, you have to understand what someone who has no clue how this paradox plays out knows and what they don't know.

[@cristian-si1gb]

Peter D Morrison That's because it is complicated. This video just doesn't oversimplify it.

[@ericsu4667]

Actually Special Relativity is only mathematics. It has nothing to do with reality. vixra.org/abs/1703.0169

[@ferdinandkraft857]

Eric Su - moron.

[@j7ndominica051]

These doors are awesome piece of engineering if they can accelerate from rest to close to the speed of light to react to the train in time.

[@jameskendall1554]

+j7ndominica0 So is the train.

[@jean-lucwalker3690]

j7ndominica0 maybe the train and tunnel are long enough?

[@bitchy_bitch5909]

j7ndominica0 I'd like to experience time in Sarahs hole, while going at the neg. speed of light. I can only imagine!

[@FinalBossWTMN]

@Munky Bidness well obviously Maxwell's Demon is operating the massless doors in a vacuum! :)

[@-_Nuke_-]

j7ndominica0 You are now getting into details out of the scope of this video! It will be very difficult to show what is really going on, SINCE the relative motion of the camera that show us what is going on, will ALSO create relativistic artifacts! It all becomes a trippy visual mess when you ask what is exactly going on! That's why I would love some special relativity 3D simulator program to be created by someone so we can visualise all that in more detail! But sadly there is nothing yet... Someone needs to make one! EDIT: oh wow, I found this kzbin.info/www/bejne/p6DPXq2GbrxogJY I was 100% correct on the trippy visual mess XD Special Relativity really is a hell of a trip!

[@RajarshiBandopadhyay]

This is a wonderful video. I learnt things about S. Relativity I never knew were there to learn. Just a question - does elasticity behave differently at higher speeds? Surely, in the last scenario Adam sees the train bend like molten puddy while Sarah sees it fall with a plot as one rigid piece. Since there cannot be distortion in the direction perpendicular to the line of motion, what is the resolution of this paradox?

[@user-sh2ze5qe1m]

I think there is acceleration in vertical direction so we should apply general relativity ,you can think space in the train has been bended ,so there is no elasticity in the train

[@himanshumori1432]

I think Adam will feel the distortion.. due to gravity pulling and bending the train through the missing slab of bridge. And the distortion will be restored once moments of falling of train is completed. Restoration will begin from the front portion of the train. I can be wrong.

[@tenminuteretreat807]

Kira Vincent does a wonderful job narrating these videos. She has such a pleasant, clear voice. Thank you Kira.

[@megaphunkatron]

I hope that I can help those who are still confused, because I was until I realized that what is important is the measurements of the two objects that are made when both objects are at rest to one another. When both frames are at rest with respect to each other, the train is the same size as the tunnel (and the hole in the final example). THIS is what dictates what Sarah and Adam must see. In order for both of them to see the predicted effects of the rest-lengths, simultaneity HAS to go out the window, causing these weird resolutions to occur. It is clear, then, that neither Sarah not Adams measurements are "preferred." Rather, it is the measurements made when the entire system is at rest that dictates the outcome. Hope that helps.

[@jeremywestern7067]

Did adam get to see sarahs tunnel? 😜

[@Mernom]

And naturaly someone fell into the gutter. I really should put some bars on it at some point...

[@BluntForceTrauma666]

+jeremy: I sure hope so...she was sure sporting a nice pair of breasts at the beginning of the vid.... but I can assure you, that had it been me instead of Adam, Sarah's tunnel would have definitely experienced more than just a few fully elastic collisions with an inelastic, solid member...

[@chrisgibson5267]

The Joy of Sex- Scientists edition........

[@MsKimchheng]

tommy cane115 yet there are GPS which comes from that relativity. I don't care if he cheated on his cousin or not. but I'm not happy that mileva didn't got the credit on relativity. we use light to send information too. that's how relativity works, next time you check ur maps, think about this.

[@MsKimchheng]

tommy cane115 oh my god, I start to feel you are more of a social justice thinker rather than a scientist and logic thinker. If you think that those theories is only coincide with gps, so the person who invent the gps, will try to test joke-technology to see if it's work? And if he didn't deserve credit from the gps, so why mileva his wife deserve credit from relativity? the counter theories is just not fully proven yet, honestly I'm trying to prove him wrong too,

[@brankobrankovic6283]

what bothers me is how on earth can Sarah see a train moving at the speed of light?

[@DanMoldovan]

It’s “close to the speed of light”

[@roelin360]

Your mistake was thinking she was human

[@MaksKCS]

@@DanMoldovan which perfectly explains it?

[@Chance57]

@@MaksKCS "Explains" is also relative. Explain calculus to a newborn. Sometimes you need to up your knowledge base before you can understand. Things can only be dumbed down so much before you need to smarten up.

[@MaksKCS]

@@Chance57 🤓

[@00dizzle11]

Kinda informative, I feel like I have more questions than previously now tho

[@therandomwizard188]

The more you know. The more you know you dont know

[@Fungo4]

Aww, you didn't put in the REALLY interesting part. What if in the closing-doors scenario, you had TWO trains going opposite directions? Sarah would see both doors closing at once, while the passengers aboard the trains would see the doors closing one after another. But the passengers on each train would disagree about which door closed first, demonstrating that in special relativity, even the DIRECTION of time is relative!

[@fredneecher1746]

Ya, swot! Here's a paper plane in your earhole!

[@-_Nuke_-]

awesome! I would love to see that visualised somewhere!

[@MrGodofcar]

Time has no direction. Point me to the direction of time! This theory is an unproven bullshit hypothesis.

[@OP-lk4tw]

Why does the second door closes before the first from Adam's perspective? I can't understand this part. Just to make the fact of the train getting trapped into the tunnel possible from both perspectives? I mean, what's the physical meaning of it according to the theory of special relativity? And how is it that both things are just as valid, I mean, how is it that in a frame reference both close at the same time, and in another one closes before the other, and both are equally correct? If the doors are programmed to close exactly at the same time, then isn't that the actual reality? Really they are closing at the same time cause that's how it was programmed to happen by an exact mechanism, so what someone sees from some frame is actually an optical illusion that doesn't match the factual reality that both of the doors are closing at the same exact time?

[@Fungo4]

@@OP-lk4tw There isn't really any way to easily explain it. But in short, the doors are programmed to close at the same time from the tunnel's reference frame, but NOT from the train's. If someone on the train could see the electrons in the circuitry telling the doors to close, the mechanism altered by lorentz contraction would cause a time delay between the doors.

[@wgb8210]

This was the most fascinating short video I have ever watched. Thank you.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you liked my video.

[@isaactheguy244]

It depends on your perspective..... It's all relative, from my perspective I will never understand.......

[@MrGodofcar]

Because this is bullshit.

[@creativenametxt2960]

@@MrGodofcar unless you have evidence to support it, I suggest you drop this claim.

[@MrGodofcar]

@@creativenametxt2960 kzbin.info/www/bejne/bKu6qmmVgtSabZI

[@creativenametxt2960]

@@MrGodofcar pretty sure this does not classify as a reliable source, rather as a conspiracy channel. Example: There was an argument that the right triangles don't remain right triangles when traveling at high speeds, which is, like, predicted by the theory and causes no problems whatsoever.

[@MrGodofcar]

@@creativenametxt2960 Pretty sure this is not a conspiracy channel, just alternative scientific theories. The Big Bang, gravity only-governed universe theory of mainstream physics cannot explain several anomalies, such as Martian blueberries or the mineral Trydimite on Mars, some "impossible" stars, faster-than-expected outer arms of galaxies without inventing the ad-hoc theory called dark matter, [...]. And I've never seen an object that is a triangle and not a triangle at the same time.

[@cochicororochi]

Thank you, thank you so much. I'm from Brazil and recently graduated in physics and this concept I couldn't understand. Your channel is helping me alot.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad my videos are helpful. Thanks.

[@imho2278]

And yet, you graduated....please do not be an engineer!

[@uncolorr]

how'd you graduate then

[@MaksKCS]

@@uncolorr you don't need to understand every single topic to graduate. I graduated physics without understanding how waves are formed by different kind of instruments, and special relativity. Sure I knew how to use the formulas, but I didn't understand it.

[@55chh]

I think I have fallen in love with Sarah.

[@BillAnt]

I must say she's got some nice racks. ;D

[@raposaraposa553]

I love you too, ben. Would you like to see more of my tunnel? Sarah

[@oskarjung6738]

@@raposaraposa553 my incoming train will be too big for her tunnel. At least, in my frame of reference.

[@JoeOvercoat]

Step one: boots. 🤩 Step two: mini. 😍 Step three: go wreck a train. 🤪

[@NetAndyCz]

Oh and btw what if Adam saw the train cross the bridge, should not Sarrah saw that too? The gravity pulling train moving at near light speed through such tiny hole must be insane.

[@hinkles73]

You forgot to warn Adam that the track was under construction.

[@Peter_Scheen]

Thank you, I knew of the paradox but this explanation, well, explained it to me.

[@TheDrB0B]

I would love to see you guys make a video on how fast traveling objects look like colorwise. Since it changes from violet to red as it passes you according to the theory of relativity. An animation of an object traveling though a 3D grid would look amazing from the perspective of the object.

[@marcustornea2821]

About the train crashing into the door of the tunnel part, since the train's perspective sees that the entire tunnel is contracted, instead of the train shrinking down to fit inside the tunnel, how about the train doesn't shrink but the tunnel expands back to its original size and the train fits perfectly in it?

[@Mernom]

It's rest size is bigger than the tunnle I belive.

[@Luisitococinero]

From Sarah's point of view, the train expands. From Adam's point of view, the tunnel expands.

[@Imaginix55]

but in one case (Adam's case) the train is destroyed when the two tunnel doors close... but in Sarah's case, the train is still in tact. so which is it? when the doors of the tunnels reopen and we look inside, do we see a wrecked train or an in tact one?

[@Ashok_DOT]

I think that the train is not a solid rectangule is a forced explanation, as the Adam is slowing down from light speed, everything in his perspective will become gradually enlarged as in real life, therefore, as the train slows down the length of the tunnel becomes larger, train will fit inside without hitting

[@misterroberts4240]

love the vid and the background music, thank you

[@saadhassan8813]

Your videos are wonderful. Been a fan of your channel for years now

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@huck2isu2]

My biggest problem is with the final example, with the train falling down the gap. I think people are underestimating the speed of light. The average passenger train car from a quick Google search tells me a passenger car is on average 85 feet long. The speed of light is 9.8e8 feet/second. This means to travel the full length of a train car (which we'll assume the gap is exactly the length of a train car) it would take the train 8.5 e -8 seconds. This is 85 nano seconds. Performing some more quick physics: d=at^2 = 85 nano seconds squared time gravity of 32 feet/second^2 gets us: 239 femto inches. To put this in perspective, it is approximately the size of a proton. (1:1,000 scale of an atom). The train, no matter the perspective would continue on without even noticing there was gap in the tracks no matter the perspective.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Imagine that the gap is several light years.

[@mikecrapse5285]

Scott Wagner I think you're quite right. you first need to test the train in Newtonian speeds first. if traveling at only 5mph, will it fall through the gap? if so, given infinite gravity, no matter your speed or frame of reference, you will fall through, and the opposite is true

[@nightcaller92]

If the gap is several light years, then this generates several issues with the third scenario. First, with the gap being that long, I don't think Adam would be able to perceive it as being shorter than his train, even at the speed of light, and so it stops being a matter of relativity and simply a matter of the gap is unconditionally longer than the train. Second, as an inevitable consequence of spanning several light years, the gap would travel through space, and thus gravity would not be a guaranteed constant in a single direction due to the gravitational influence of surrounding celestial bodies. Thirdly, over a distance of light years, Sara wouldn't be able to observe the event of Adam reaching the gap until years after it occurred. Fourthly, regardless of all of this, objects in motion have inertia, and so in any scenario where Adam is able to perceive the gap as being shorter than his train he would be able to cross it, as even if from Sara's point of view his train is shorter, it would not so quickly be accelerated by gravity out of its trajectory, especially because: Fifthly, even if the Earth seemed to be denser to Adam due to relativistic effects, it wouldn't make a difference as it still has the same mass, and so it would exert the same gravity. In conclusion, the third scenario cannot logically happen as depicted, as either the setting is wrong with too short of a gap for the animated result to occur, or the outcome is wrong with the train being unrealistically affected by gravity while at light speed.

[@19673475]

Good video amazing and the background music of moonlight sonata and ride of the Valkyries was awesome

[@jansmotlacha1077]

7:10 This is a way how to say in a polite way that the train as well as Adam would be crushed.

[@joweydelanota7421]

i love how you refering to the speed of light by using the slowest train of all times

[@debasishraychawdhuri]

moral of the story - if you think you can cross the hole in the bridge, you can't. the hole is much bigger.

[@emjay1606]

As the train approaches the hole becomes bigger. Probably something this video missed is that Adam will see the hole expand and engulf the train. Even if on previous inspection it was much smaller.

[@airplayrule]

@@emjay1606 i thought it'd contract?

[@MrGodofcar]

@@emjay1606 no it won't. This theory is not a theory -- it's a hypothesis for it has never been proven.

[@abhyudaychauhan2738]

@@MrGodofcar wtf the theory of special relativity has been scientifically proven u wouldnt have gps if it werent fr the theory

[@MrGodofcar]

@@abhyudaychauhan2738 Space cannot bend or distort because it's not an object...

[@stephenkamenar]

Lol @ the paper airplane transition. wtf? I also like the "temporary services" office

[@mwilliams7815]

don't forget the armory

[@graudins]

This animation is amazing, thanks!

[@Physicsnerd1]

I liked that, very interesting, my understanding of relativity improved, thanks Eugene Khutoryansky.

[@EmeraldView]

Adam stands weirdly on a train. And really, he'll want to be tightly buckled in when the train hits the tunnel door.

[@jcse16]

Adam and Sarah are experiencing more than the usual difficulties in maintaining a long distance relationship.

[@Mystikan]

Not the least of which is the fact that when they're done, Sarah is now an old woman in a nursing home while Adam is only a day or so older than he was when they started...

[@prof.sohailhasanzaman175]

Thanks for sharing good stuff, Zaman

[@LuisAldamiz]

This is so useful as analogy to explain, in terms relativistic, why the Quantum Eraser and even the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser experiments produce the results that we, as "static" observers see: because for the photons all the process is happens simultaneously, in a perfectly synchronous "now" and perfectly compacted "here" (space-time is absolutely compressed at light speed). Cool.

[@standalon3308]

Why is it that for Sarah, the two doors retain their size upon closing, but for Adam, they had to increase in height upon closing?

[@feynstein1004]

While the first example was amazing, I think the explanation could have been much much better. For example, it illustrates one of the fundamental assumptions of special relativity: all observers must agree that events occur. They will simply disagree about when and where those events occur. In this case, the opening and closing of the two gates are two events and hence both Adam and Sarah must agree that they happen. However, they need not agree on when those two events happen. This takes us to the difference between spacelike and timelike events. In Sarah's frame of reference, the opening/closing of the two gates happens simultaneously, meaning that the two events couldn't possibly be causally related and are thus spacelike. And for spacelike events, the order of the events doesn't matter. One of the events could occur before the other, or vice versa, or they could happen at the same time. However, if the two events were causally related (and so timelike), then the results would be very different. For example, if one of the doors closed first and then sent a signal to the other door to close as well, then both Adam and Sarah would have to agree about which door closed first. Now I guess you could ask why the train being inside the tunnel doesn't count as an event, forcing both Adam and Sarah to agree that it happened. And honestly, I don't know. What counts and doesn't count as an event?

[@renedekker9806]

_"What counts and doesn't count as an event?"_ - everything physical that happens at a defined location and time is called an event. So there are countless of events happening. The video just concentrates on those that are important for explaining the paradox.

[@linuxp00]

​@@renedekker9806though as wide object the entrance and outtage of both ends of train must be considered too, they are as important as in classical physics in my opinion to get rid of any doubts. The thing that catches me is the last one, also know as the bar and hole paradox. That and the second seem weird, though I don't know if there is a concrete experiment to find out what actually happens in this scenario.

[@-_Nuke_-]

Awesome video! Maybe the best video on this channel so far! People that disliked this video cannot understand that reality doesn't change, but things will inevitably appear weird and goofy looking from the perspective of someone who goes close to the speed of light. These 2,000 people cannot understand that.

[@girishailesh6257]

Just found this video at the right moment. Was struggling with the HW. Thanks, Eugene!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@TheGuggo]

I appreciate everyone trying to explain these complex concepts. Maybe a bit faster animation and speech will make it more attractive (in addition to Sarah’s mini-skirt)

[@ianbo1]

Its strange... For the first time in your (wonderful) videos, I didn't feel satisfied with the animated explanation. That last scenario just... doesn't close on me.

[@stupidas9466]

Because she failed to mention that the hole is actually larger than the length of the train, it just appears to be smaller from adam's perspective because he is approaching it.

[@jelk1]

That is because the last scenario is 110% bs.

[@schuppe9006]

In the last scenario, to let the train fall through the hole (in the speed of light), the gravity / force to pull the train down has to be extremely strong. Therefore, the train falls apart like this

[@caccioman]

Close to speed of light the train can easily bridge a gap the size of itself or even significantly bigger. It will keep its direction and proceed on the other side of the gap. Both agree that the train has not fallen through the hole

[@ishworshrestha3559]

Yui

[@neuvocastezero1838]

You'd think that with a visual depiction of a complex, counterintuitive scientific phenomenon such as this, they would show a single train car, or a series of cars, but not both.

[@PankajKumar-zr3tv]

Love to Eugene for this great video

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You can help translate this video by adding subtitles in other languages. To add a translation, click on the following link: kzbin.info_video?ref=share&v=Xrqj88zQZJg You will then be able to add translations for all the subtitles. You will also be able to provide a translation for the title of the video. Please remember to hit the submit button for both the title and for the subtitles, as they are submitted separately. Details about adding translations is available at support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en Thanks.

[@ShyaMKumAr-bo1ji]

If the both are blind...what happened.?

[@kunalsatwik9962]

@@ShyaMKumAr-bo1ji nothing will happen in absense of observer.

[@kilosolutions]

Just added portuguese-brazilian subtitles. Portugal's portuguese may differ a little bit, but yet, still understandable to the european side of the atlantic.

[@Dream90010]

If adam, knew sarah belive he is short, he would jump out and show he is normal.

[@ishworshrestha3559]

Good

[@Moregnan]

I'd be really great if you did a video about string theory.

[@Yuuzhan]

+Moreg I confirm, and knowing that since the start of the channel every video followed a logical order, I expect videos to come after videos about relativity and thermodynamic, which should be soon :)

[@jamesryan6224]

Where Einstein erred was his thought that nothing else can go faster than light. He was wrong and that limited his possibilities. The fact is that we cannot calculate or apply theories based on something we cant measure, That is a huge flaw in theoretical science.

[@qualquan]

good uses concept of train shortening not just by speed but also, like a concertina, by mechanical force finally it converted the train into a train of disconnected particles like a train of individual soldiers

[@-danR]

"Adam does not see the gates closing at the same time." Excuse me, but by what arbitrary and convenient (for Adam) bit of timing does Adam see particularly the _further_ gate close before the other, the nearer? I presume the engineer put the timing mechanism in the middle and timed both gates to close simultaneously, certainly at least for Sarah's POV. Sarah can help us out here. Let's assume c=1 m/s. She calculates photons bouncing off _both_ rising gates (which she can _see_ rising simultaneously) will reach Adam's retina some 10 seconds sooner from the _near_ gate than the far gate. She can objectively state, relativistics aside, that Adam will see the _near_ gate start to rise first. She will therefore have every apprehension for Adam's mental state that according to Adam's and her shared knowledge of Lorentz contraction that poor Adam is going to both see and experience a slow-motion train wreck. She of course, will not flee the site of the danger because she knows the contracted train is in no danger from a certain destiny with fast-moving gates. But she empathically appreciates that Adam will (mistakenly) foresee his certain death, and in fact is taking out his (contracted) phone and is trying to reach his mother and father to tell them he loves them, and his gf can have his car and the dog. (But of course his phone frequency is doppler shifted and the cell tower cannot even communicate...)

[@ryankarl39]

Now, don't quote me on this, but i believe its because Adam is traveling at the speed of light and since photons bouncing off the wall nearest to him (since he's moving away from it) would not be able to catch up to him as quickly as the photons bouncing off the wall he is moving towards (furthest from him). That's why physicist say we could never travel at or over the speed of light because causality would be thrown out of the window.

[@TheScabbage]

"Now, don't quote me on this" ~Ryan Karl, October 2016

[@RoboBoddicker]

You have it mixed up. It's not Adam's distance from the gates that matters, it's the motion of the gates relative to the signal sent from the center of the tunnel. Remember, in Adam's reference frame he is sitting still, and the GATE is moving toward him. Thus, the far gate is racing toward the signal sent from the center of the tunnel and the near gate is racing away from it, requiring more time for the signal to reach the near gate.

[@seivaDsugnA]

Scabbage He ordered you not to, rebel!

[@MrGollum1996]

tubeist- dan what about the light bouncing from the ending gate travelling towards and the light from the starting gate travelling with adam?

[@acho8387]

there's a flaw. Sarah cannot see the train fall through the hole because the train is moving at near the speed of light, which is so fast that it will go from one end of the hole to the other end almost instantly and continuing on it's path. Same goes for Adam's perspective.

[@acho8387]

+Angel Angelov Also, I should get high af and THEN watch these videos! Hurray

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Angel Angelov, Not if the hole is big enough.

[@michaelbuckers]

+Angel Angelov Consider the gravity is so intense it can pull the near-lightspeed train into a hole that small. It's a thought experiment, anything goes.

[@HemoStopRomania]

+Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky Doesn't this actually depend on the speed of the train? If the train travels at near the speed of light, it will be able to "jump" over a huge hole due to inertia. This video seems forced/unreal to me. The train is indeed not perfectly rigid, but it's still quite rigid. It will never bend over a tight curve so that it will fall through the hole. Why would it behave like that? What force makes it to be bend like it would be a flexible piece of paper? As far as I understand, the properties of steel (the material from which the train is made) will remain the same, even near the speed of light.

[@nix4110]

Razvan MIHAIU They won't in the way you think they do.

[@alexdantonyk1601]

8:50 _If we start the following reasoning not from Sarah, but from Adam, then logic will lead us to the opposite result:_ *From Adam’s point of view, the train is much longer than the section of the missing bridge, and will, therefore, cross the hole successfully. From Sarah’s point of view, the hole is much longer than the train. However, since Adam saw the train cross the hole, Sarah must also see the train cross the hole. This is possible if we keep in mind that the train can consist not only of many rectangles that are connected through flexible connections but can be a rigid object as well. Therefore, Sarah will see the whole train cross the hole as shown* _(a different movie)._ *In this way, Adam and Sarah will both agree that the train has crossed the hole without violating Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.*

[@josip_giuseppe]

Does this mean that these two scenarios where adam or sarah is right are equally likely? if we repeat the experiment several times with the same initial conditions (same speed and hole). Will the train pass the hole in 50% of experiments and fall into the hole in the other 50% of experiments. if no reference frame is preferred.

[@alexdantonyk1601]

@@josip_giuseppe As I see, nobody can answer your question because of the ‘if.’ “What will happen IF…?” we can know only in case of having such an experience. So, let’s experiment as many times as you’d like, and then we may get an answer - that’s the only thing I can offer you trying to honestly answer your question.

[@michaellehto1697]

I like the bits when u "assume" and "think". A quantum way of not needing to explain that you have to OBSERVE.

[@michaelloutwerst1662]

Can anyone answer me: Why does Adams view of events revert to Sara’s in order to solve to paradox? In the second scenario Adam see the train is longer Sarah sees the train is shorter The train crashes and the paradox resolves to Sarahs point of view where the train shrinks Why doesn’t it resolve itself to adams? In the third scenario. Adam sees the hole is shorter than the train. Sarah sees the train is shorter than the hole. The train falls though the hole why? Why not the hole adjusting its length to allow the train to cross?

[@RoboBoddicker]

Both Sara's and Adam's accounts of events are completely self-consistent. Things never "revert" to one or another POV.

[@tscoffey1]

Sarah is the female, and they are always right.

[@michaelloutwerst1662]

Ill answer myself in case anyone else is asking this question. The outcome is based on what who happen if both pieces of the puzzle where at the same reference frame. To each actor the paradox resolves itself in different ways despite what the author stated.

[@MrIgorradisic]

In fact Adams and Sara's views can not be the same. if they would, this would violate logic ( whatever logic means ). The only solution to this, is that either Adam either Sara will continue to live in two different realities or "parallel universes" ( they already do, but those two parallel universes were quite similar until train approached the hole ). From the moment two universes "split", in Sara's universe Adam will fall through the hole and she will celebrate his funeral. In Adam's universe, Sara will die , being hit by the train. And Adam will celebrate her funeral. They will both continue to live in their respective universes.

[@lexgotham]

@igor: What???

[@swde4793]

As always, great videos. Thanks for going into the different scenarios. ..?.. If it is worthy of a video, may I ask for examples explaining where and how Einstein's equations break down in quantum mechanics and on up to large scales such as neutron stars and black holes? I'm sure you are plenty busy, so Its no biggie if you don't. its just that thru all I have studied in the last few years none of any sources have ever shown any work. Not that there are answers but examples of where unifying gravity and quantum mechanics doesn't work...is there a "Line in the sand" if you will?

[@RoboBoddicker]

+Andrew Karpinen The reason why no one shows the work is because the break between QM and GR is rooted pretty much completely in mathematics. And really difficult mathematics at that. I don't think there's much to visualize about it.

[@SalAveNU]

That was neat !!! But again I live in New Jersey so trains going through tunnels that are closed off. And over bridges with sections missing, that made me kind of laugh. I'm planning to share this on Facebook with the comment "If Einstein Took NJ Transit"

[@sknasimali6874]

Super explain ,, I totally understand length contraction,, thnx a lot

[@samovarmaker9673]

All I got from this video was the Ride of the Valkyries

[@ffggddss]

You should've stuck around for the 1st movement of the Moonlight Sonata! I guess they figured that the backup music for Einstein (German by birth) should be two other Germans. Fred

[@dayton3375]

I just love the weird off style of these videos. The terrible music and the weird animations are somehow perfect for learning this mysterious stuff.

[@dendrites]

Adam observes length contraction before entering the tunnel, but halfway through Adam turns around and sees the length of the tunnel has greatly expanded, and is the exact length of the train. Sarah on the other hand sees the train expand as it passes her.

[@mertonhirsch4734]

What if the doors were pulled shut by a rubber band that was attached between them? What would be the implications? (regarding things like tension and forces and momentum).

[@cyanzaran]

My physics professor just tried to show us this during class and I busted out laughing

[@juliusgroenjes8115]

I really like how the animation makes it so easy to understand, anyone with me ? :D

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+julius groenjes, I am glad to hear that my animation made it easy to understand. Thanks.

[@berndmayer3984]

It is not about what an observer sees with the eye but exclusively about events = (place, time) in different and calibrated reference frames.

[@massimilianodellaguzzo8571]

The problem is that Special Relativity has accepted Minkowski's space-time. I, on the other hand, continue to believe the Lorentz Transformations to be true. I consider the two Lorentz transformations: a) x_1 = gamma * (x - v * t) b) x = gamma * (x_1 + v * t_1) With gamma I obviously indicated the Lorentz factor, and I do not consider the other two Lorentz transformations because they depend on a) and b). If two distances are in relative motion to each other at speed v, the distances overlap. In my opinion, if we denote with t the time spent in the frame of the tunnel and if we denote with t_1 the time spent in the frame of the train, it is t = t_1. (and the distances overlap, no problem) If x_1 = - x, then t = t_1 (and the two distances overlap because x_1 = - x, do not consider x = v * t and do not consider x_1 = - v * t_1) The Pole and Barn Paradox is not a paradox! (The tunnel Paradox is not a paradox!) Now consider a spaceship moving with uniform rectilinear motion at speed v in the frame of the Earth, in this case we know that x = v * t. If x = v * t, then t_1 < t. (the spaceship's clock slows down relative to the Earth's clock) If x = v * t, then x_1 = 0. If x_1 = 0, then v * t = gamma * v * t_1, t_1 = t / gamma, t_1 < t. The twin paradox is not a paradox! Special Relativity is a paradox! x = v * t, x_1 = - v * t_1 and x_1 = - x are mutually exclusive.

[@VIKTORSCHAUBERGERscammersONyt]

He can't refute this because he only parrots from his book.

[@woyten]

Not sure if anyone mentioned it but I have to clarify that the last example with the hole in the track is wrong, unfortunately. In your explanation you started in Sarah's reference frame, assumed some physical truth (that the train will fall) and, then, you enforced the same truth in Adam's reference frame. But there is this strange sudden deformation thing happening with the train, right? I mean, what's the physical reason that Adam's train experiences a vertical force in its own reference frame that is strong enough to deform the whole train? Therefore, let's instead do the opposite thing and start our reasoning in Adam's frame. What would we see? First, the train would just pass the hole in the track as the hole would become very short. If we now transformed to Sarah's frame, what would we get? Well, a short train floating over a too large gap without falling into it. So, is there a physical explanation for the deformed train in Adam's reference frame as depicted in the video? No, there isn't as trains should not deform that much under their own weight in their own reference frame. But can we, instead, explain how the short train floats over the gap in Sarah's frame? In fact, this can be explained. The physical reason was already given in the middle of the video: Forces do not act faster than the speed of light. This means that the forces holding the train up floating in the air would result from an instant in time when the train still was in contact with the track. I would like to see this animated in a corrected video. :-)

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

It is not "wrong." If the gap is several light years long, then it is clear that that the train will fall through the gap from Sarah's perspective. However, if Adam is travelling at close to the speed of light, then even this gap will appear to him to be shorter than his train. And hence we have the paradox that this is covered by the explanation in the video.

[@woyten]

I disagree. Sarah will see the train float over the gap. I hope I can make the physics clear: The front of the train will not fall into the gap as long as there is a small chunk of train connected to the track. This is because the forces emerging from the track are transported through the train material until they reach the front of the train. Now, consider the moment, when the train loses contact with the track. You assumed that the train will start falling down at that moment. However, you did not consider that, at relativistic speeds, *all* actions including forces act with a certain delay. This means, even if the train is no longer connected to the track, there are still, let's call it force waves, acting on the front of the train emerging from earlier moments in time when the train was still connected to the track. And the closer the train moves at the speed of light, the longer it takes for the force waves to propagate through the train. This means, Sarah could even see the train floating over a lightyear large gap with the front of the train still feeling forces coming from one year in the past, i.e. when the train was connected. Even if this sounds strange at first sight, the observations described in the video are a lot stranger. The video says that Adam's train will get deformed in order to make it through the hole. But why should that happen at all? For Adam who is sitting in the train the train is just a regular train standing at rest. If there was any deformation coming from relativistic effects, it would mean that Adam can feel that he is moving at very high speeds. But as all reference frames are equivalent in relativistic physics feeling the own speed is never possible. To make it short: The transformation displayed in the video is correct. Therefore, the history seems consistent between the two reference frames. However, the events theirselves are wrong. Start with Adam's train passing over the gap and transform to Sarah's frame. Then you get what's really happening. Please recheck your physics. I really like videos of this kind, especially if they look professional as yours does. But then the physics they describe should be correct in order to prevent disinformation. Cheers!

[@TW0T0M]

i must say, your explanation is how I thought it would work while watching

[@Luisitococinero]

+Woyten When the train starts falling down light has travelled all across its length. It took the same amount of time for both observers, so the result is the same. You just changed one example with another different. In your example the train is a single piece. In the video the train is not a single piece.

[@woyten]

+Luis Calderari. You're right. If you assume that the train is made of jelly or the gravitation is extraordinary strong, the situation would be as shown in the video. However, in educational videos like this, you usually make common-sense assumptions about physical properties. This means, trains are rigid. Not completely but rigid enough to carry their own weight. And gravity is moderate, maybe even equal to earth's gravity. If you want to explain the relativistic behavior of jelly on a neutron star, the picture of a train on an earth-like environment is just inappropriate as it only leads to confusion.

[@TGUlricksen]

Wished I was your friend in real life Eugene, I would probably be a pesky friend but a grateful one if you unconditionally answered all my questions. Anyway... thank you for sharing thru the inter-web :)

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks!!!

[@arnoldrimmer9161]

I've just had a nervous breakdown now... Thanks

[@Zakkarath]

A train travelling at the speed of light would not be effected by gravity in the way indicated in this example....

[@cryo9216]

8:20 - Now let us consider how nice Sarah's legs are!

[@dartvader7335]

That is a nice pair of get-away sticks!

[@airplayrule]

@@dartvader7335 get away?

[@ecz3393]

The gown of sarah was short in toms view, bur long in mine

[@rbm10101]

uhm the train at near light speed would fall a few atoms in the time it took to cross that gap and cross right over the gap.

[@alexanderrookey5435]

It looks like from Adams point of view time is sped up. Therefore, Gravity would accelerate objects much faster in Adams POV then Sarah's.

[@outbackigloo6489]

From the perspective of the animator, these events would have taken place within a black hole. Otherwise the train would not have fallen in the gap; it would have shot into space! The background music should have been from Soundgarden. 😎

[@cain769]

Alexander Rookey no no no no

[@wugionyoutube]

5:50 etc The slice analogy of the (contracted!) train body works only for pushing forces. It breaks down for pulling forces which would instead 'elongate' the train. Slicing up is not the way to illustrate length contraction. What's needed is detailing the force transmission information 'protocol' through the train body. A protocol with EM signals being sent to and fro, in other words, with the help of arrays of adjoined light clocks. And light clocks do length contract, in fact they are used to explain length contraction! So the body matter regulated by light clock signals will length contract with them.

[@ottomol5647]

EXCELENT VIDEO. CONGRATULATIONS

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@zach3826]

At rest is the train longer then the tunnel? if it is then you can not close each end of the tunnel no matter what right? The train does not physically change length, the light coming from the train just makes it appear different lengths. atleast that's what I thought Einstein meant.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

The train at rest is longer than the tunnel, yet you can still close the doors when the train is moving inside it. The train does not just "appear" to be shorter when moving. Einstein's theory is more profound than that.

[@pistolpete8376]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky I am confused. If the train is at rest, then it is not moving at the speed of light. How is this reconciled?

[@selimhassairi]

It does really change length from the other one point of view

[@Luisitococinero]

At rest, the train will come back to its original length.

[@pistolpete8376]

So at V=light speed this makes sense, but as per the analogy the train goes to v=0mph. There must he something I'm not understanding about or unless the situation is a snapshot in time.

[@milencenov6421]

Brian Greene, Neil DeGrass-Tyson, Jim Al-Khalili, Max Tegmark - great hosts of science documentaries and science conferences (all on KZbin) ! Walter Lewin - his lectures (all on KZbin) can make everybody love science ! Chris Bishop and Andrew Szydlo - their experiments in front of audience can make all children on this planet want to become scientists (again, see KZbin) ! Eugene Khutoryansky - I have watched lots of visual representations of natural laws and occurencies, but I have never seen a better way to present and explain (!) them than the way Eugene does it in his clips. All thumbs up and fingers crossed that he will keep up the good work ! And the voice of Kira Vincent is really the best choice for the clips - she speaks in a slow and very understandable manner, so that non-native speakers can hear clearly.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Milen Cenov, thanks for that really great compliment. And yes, lots more videos are on their way.

[@EternalATomik]

+Milen Cenov I second that. As a non-native speaker, I would highlight the quality of both the animations and the voice narration. Keep up the good work guys ! Ps: Mind to share the song list ?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Florent_ATo, thanks for the compliment on the video. All the music is from the free KZbin Audio Library, and the names of the songs are the following: Ride_of_the_Valkyries_by_Wagner, Renaissance_Castle, Moonlight_Sonata_by_Beethoven

[@asra4281]

your videos are very helpful

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad to hear that.

[@darnelwashinton1295]

the last example would need to assume that they are under extreme acceleration due to gravity, something only possible near a singularity as far as I know. This is because the train is going forward near the speed of light, which means for every unit distance forward only an extremely tiny moment of time has occured. For the train to then be pulled through the hole and under the track in that same small moment of time it took for the train to move forward that small distance relative to the train's motion, extreme acceleration would be necessary. This would also cause spaghettification on the train, in the same way that being near a black hole's event horizon would, since it is not a rigid body.

[@brodysdaddy]

What about the tunnel door's perspective? They must be moving near the speed of light to open and close as fast as the train going through it. So what does the train look like from the door's perspective? Or the rest of the tunnel for that matter?

[@rubytejackson]

The hell I'm fookin tired with relativity, skipped the class

[@imho2278]

The observer on the train sees everything as normal.

[@yousefdajani5307]

I cant understand one thing, what if the train was JUST tall enough to bypass the hole, so from Sarah point of view she will say the train shorter so the train will fall according to Sarah, but from Adam's point of view he will see the train longer so it will bypass and this is true that the train would pass because it is already taller than the hole

[@phucminhnguyenle250]

Actually they agree on the height of the train. Length is not contracted vertically.

[@yousefdajani5307]

+Phúc Minh Nguyễn Lê I'm talking about the end (the hole part) please read it again

[@phucminhnguyenle250]

in the first example, according to Adam's point of view, you can see the shape of the gates changed when they rotated. The same thing happened to the train when falling through the hole. When falling, the train changed it direction, if Adam were at the head of the train, he would see the hole becomes wider and wider. If he were at the end of the train, he would see the train to be bended and contracted so that it would fit the hole.

[@yousefdajani5307]

+Phúc Minh Nguyễn Lê Great, thanks Pablo!

[@muratyasaryldz8168]

Harika olmuş çok tsk ler. Lütfen devam

[@stewiesaidthat]

Acceleration has the same effect of pushing on a slinky. The slinky is compresses together as the as acceleration force is transmitted along its length. Acceleration in space also creates an acceleration in time event converting the atoms of the slinky to radiant energy. Depending on the composition of the slinky, it could be converted to radiant energy (c) long before it reached c in space.

[@Mernom]

9:35 No NPC's were hurt in the making of this video. I think.

[@prakharsoni6406]

Your videos are nice but there is one thing. In the last scenario where a part of the bridge is missing, suppose we first take Adam's point of view in account. Now Since Adam sees the missing bridge or the gap is very small, it won't fall. Now Sara must also see the train not falling. So in short the train will not fall if we take Adam's point of view and it will if we first take Sara's point of view, so isn't it wrong or confusing ?

[@silverrahul]

No, it will be the same outcome, whoever's POV you take first

[@prakharsoni6406]

@@silverrahul Can you explain how ?

[@silverrahul]

@@prakharsoni6406 Whether train will fall through or not, will depend on rest length of train and rest length of gap. Not on whose POV you take

[@prakharsoni6406]

@@silverrahul ok got it

[@kfjw]

I sent this to my friends Adam and Sarah.

[@denisday14]

well if you turn logic on, the train won't fall in last scenario because it is moving with such high speed, that it will fly though the hole from both perspectives, or the train is really long, or the gravity on the planet of superfast trains is really high

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

If the hole is wide enough, for example several light years wide, the train will fall through.

[@denisday14]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky then how long is the train so it is longer than the hole?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I recently created a Patreon account for people who want to help support my channel. The link is on my KZbin home page. Also, in case, you have not already seen them, I uploaded several other videos recently. As always, for each video that you like, you can help more people find it in their KZbin search engine by clicking the like button, and writing a comment. Lots more videos are coming very soon. Thanks.

[@SOBIESKI_freedom]

+Eugene Khutoryansky Can you make a math vid on conics?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+SOBIESKI, yes that is on my list of topics for future videos. Thanks.

[@MrDexter337]

+Eugene Khutoryansky Have they proven this experimentally? obviously I don't mean with an actual train, but with an analogous experiment.

[@titmusspaultpaul5]

what if the train is 1 peice, and not sections, and is made of an indestructible material? what would happen in both situations?

[@TheGoodMorty]

+George Kyriakou Yes they have

[@dzsemx]

collision near speed of light will cuase nuclear fusion...

[@aoe9015]

Yeah but this is a theoretical studyl

[@MrGodofcar]

@@aoe9015 more like theoretical bullshit

[@jetison333]

@@MrGodofcar the theory is weird and unintuitive, but experiment after experiment has shown it to be true.

[@MrGodofcar]

@@jetison333 No experiments have shown it to be true.

[@ludicrousfun7838]

@@MrGodofcar denial

[@Fitzrovialitter]

Wonderful stuff. Superb content and narrator. What has happened since 2015?

[@khormunhuai5901]

To me, when something travels approximatly the speed of light. What we sees might shrink or stretch, but that does not translate the actual physical object shrinked or stretched. We sees the object shrink is because the light cannot travel faster than Light speed constant, physically the object does not shrink unless there is seriously heavy gravity working on it like the black hole. CORRECT ME IF I AM WRONG... TQ...