End of Empire (1985), chapter 4: Divide and Quit

End of Empire chronicled the last days of British rule around the globe, through the remarkably candid reminiscences of both colonizers and the colonized.
The series, a Granada Television production, uses old newsreel film and interviews with former British, Pakistani and Indian officials.

[@kittykitty471]

C'mon, fess up ! Who is the mindless individual dropping a thumb-down on these episodes? This is a very valuable, informative, important series.

[@jayh9529]

R T/X we can see who's killing everyone and its weaknesses

[@HistoryonYouTube]

They do it on all videos unfortuantely.

[@skuzapo9365]

👎

[@akhil999in]

it is possible to separate the data from the opinion, and enjoy both.

[@barungupta601]

I remember the painful days of partition, the communal riots and subsequently of gaining independence as a 14-year old.

[@arpitasingh8016]

So you are using KZbin as a 87 year old ."¿

[@barungupta601]

@@arpitasingh8016 Yes, I enjoy scanning U - Tube.

[@wayinfront1]

Must have been absolutely terrifying.

[@barungupta601]

@@wayinfront1 Thanks for your comment!

[@danclayberger770]

Wow a film clip from the old days single voice track no closed captions. Interesting.

[@rizmid]

Excellent presentation!!

[@albertgrant1017]

Excellant video. Britain was stuck between a rock and hard place .

[@lecoqjeannot3358]

Very interesting history lesson, on a period I didn't know very well.

[@danclayberger770]

It seems that Lord Mountbatten always shows up on the scene as a "get rid of the problem" for the British Government and the Royal Crown.

[@davemacnicol8404]

Yep. Until British Troubles got rid of him.

[@Nmax]

​​@@davemacnicol8404lol 😆

[@henrysmommy7]

I will never understand people who massacre each other for the sake of religious differences. It is absolutely fucking disgusting.

[@kiranpanicker9913]

You will come to know when muslim population in your country goes beyond 40 percentage.They are secular when they are in minority and will talk about privileges of minorities after 40 % you will be at their mercy.

[@destubae3271]

Especially when it's like Sunni vs Shia, just common denominations of the same religion. Utterly pointless and despicable-- I can't imagine Catholics and Protestants fighting infinite wars over some discrepancies.

[@henrysmommy7]

@@destubae3271 ummm, Northern Ireland covers catholics and protestants. It isn't a muslim thing, it's a people and religious dogma thing. 🤦🤷

[@elinderfler9358]

@@henrysmommy7 I *think @destuba E was being sarcastic?

[@lizardman2808]

where is chapter 5? thank you in advance!

[@ahwangko88]

where is the 5th episode I heard at the end it says Malaya?????

[@Exposing_Mark_Niemczyk]

20:57 "Jinnah was now the prisoner of his own propaganda". So true. The man had really painted himself into a corner, shot himself in the foot, tied his own hands, so to speak. If only it was possible to hit the reset button a few months before the British quit India. He could either accept a small Pakistan or thrown in his lot with a united India. He had to choose the former or all his "work" in negotiating for the creation of the Muslim state would have been for naught.

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

I mostly agree with what you say - especially with the benefit of hindsight. Pakistan has largely been a failed experiment. The East fell away over 40 years ago - now Bangladesh. The losing wars and the drain from Kashmir would have depressed Jinnah and the use of political Islam to the point of radicalism and terrorism would have horrified him.

[@mgrainger3805]

Go to hell.you know nothing about him.one must not comment on something one doesnt know.Shame on you

[@Manish_Kumar_Singh]

@1manuscriptman Land bridge... LOL

[@michaelotieno6524]

@1manuscriptman Jinnah put himself into a disadvantage by arguing that the Muslims needed their own country. If the principal was nationality based upon religious affiliation it meant a Pakistan with no Hindus or Sikhs. Partition was on the basis of religion and not land. Jinnah expected a partition of states in which Muslim majority administrative provinces would become Pakistan even if they contained significant Hindu and Sikh minorities. However what he obtained was a partition of land on the basis of religion. Since Muslims occupied less land he lost out on a bigger Pakistan.

[@harisk4151]

@@TheLoyalOfficer Pakistan is prospering. And one day we will be considered a developed nation.

[@jayantigjitiya8250]

I doubt mountbatten knew about jinnah illness..that why he granted independence one year earlier....

[@wingaard]

Yes, that bit of knowledge could have changed everything. India today would be very different.

[@briansmith9439]

Episode 5 on Malaya has not been uploaded but this doc on the same topic is a suitable substitute: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pnO1foWcZa-JgMU

[@barron8006]

The ridiculous spectacle of the highly ethical and refined British aristocracy negotiating everything away for nothing in return to these self-serving shysters is painful. I think there may be some truth to the historian Spengler's idea of civilizations getting old and losing their vitality, just like when people get old. The British just became weak and unanimated. Look at the UK now, it's mostly gone as a nation and its economy is mostly a bank in London.

[@destubae3271]

Scotland is at least memorable. England is just toasted lol.

[@Nmax]

England is pretty much done for. Their legacy of Pakistan is even worse off .... Economy totally ruined....no political stability.... highly corrupt military running the nation.... ethnic divisions widening at an alarming pace

[@user-ls8ks7kv8c]

Good times lead to weak men and weak men lead to bad times.

[@manishpec]

Can anyone help with the name of the documentary which is shown at 17:26

[@Hollcall]

AND ALL over the World this Insanity is always done............."FOR THE LOVE OF GOD................!"

[@joedias7946]

You encouraged this insanity now you call upon God. Divide and rule is what you practised. And you gingerly left the both of us in a mess.

[@hotfun07]

No. For greed of Men.

[@wingaard]

In this current age of re-writing history , this is a very important record of the voices who were there and the politics at that time. Forty years after this documentary was made, it is clear that M. Ali Jinnah was absolutely correct about the Hindus treatment of Moslems in Modi's India today, some 80 years after partition.

[@Nmax]

Lol nice propaganda. The absolute amount of butchery committed by Pakistan and (east Pakistan now Bangladesh) upon the Hindus has no match. Pakistan Muslims raped Hindu women and girls kidnapped said women and killed men. You all can keep denying. Whereas in India the politicians pandered to Muslim votes thus giving the Muslims a better life in India than anywhere else on the Indian subcontinent. Just look at pakistan today. Riddled with violence between Punjabis and Pashtuns, a failed economy, poverty growing and military ruling the broken poor land of Pakistan.

[@tempestvideos9834]

No monopoly on violence to control the sheep. You frigged up Mountbatten.

[@murrayeldred3563]

Nothing was mentioned of the 4th Kerala Rifles (Trivandrum's Own) and their involvement in the Calcutta Curry Riots of 1946.

[@wayinfront1]

Because that was only a bit part in the wider scene being described.

[@manojthaker3678]

What Jawaharlal doing this time? Party with Edwina,!

[@steveweinstein3222]

There are some sly allusions to the elephant in the room, but there was no way veddy proper British doc was going to acknowledge Lady Mountbatten's passionate affair with Nehru. She even wanted to get a divorce and marry him. Nehru, sensibly, knew that would be impossible.

[@TheGabrielXIII]

Does someone know the name of the march playing between 10:38 and 11:16?

[@secondbranch3536]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/g5TPaGiep9iikM0

[@11Kralle]

Sounds like some late-romantic music (perhaps Brahms or Dvorak) - it is to orchestral of an composition to be a pure military march... ...although that doesn't say very much, since Beethovens Yorkscher Marsch is often performed in a military context. My guess, that it is one of the slavic dances by Antonin Dvorak.

[@peterbradshaw8018]

No wonder Nehru And Mountbatten got along well Nehru was used to rubbing shoulders with the aristocracy.

[@joedias7946]

You forget holding hands with Edwina and her bed.

[@Dryhten1801]

March of the Cameron men

[@buddhababy2005]

Correct me if I'm wrong but at 18.33 there is an interview with Indira Gandhi and the subtext calls her 'Nehru's daughter'...How can she be Nehru's daughter? She was Gandhi's daughter, surely????

[@smsiv]

Indira was Nehru’s daughter who grew up to become Indian Prime Minister. She just happened to marry a guy with the last name of Gandhi, and took his last name as her own.

[@DarrenMarsh-kx8hd]

"I would say that Mountbatton did a good job for Britain but a terrible job for india".....didn't really have much of a choice did he?

[@hassannansari1228]

The documentary completely glosses over the main cause of the catastrophe ... The last minute changes in the Punjab caused by Mountbatten riding roughshod over Radcliffe ... ... over night, at the last moment, people in Eastern Punjab ... comfortable in the knowledge of their location, found themselves on the wrong side of the border and at the mercy of their enemies ...

[@vasuv59]

Punjab and Bengal division were handled very badly. Countless people lost their lives. In fact it was not known whether Lahore would be part of Pakistan or India till independence. Radcliffe was a joke. He drew the line sitting in London as Indian climate did not suit him.

[@akhil999in]

rioting was an additional thing specifically imposed by mr. jinnah for his own reasons. partioning the land did not require killing anyone. by causing riots, he wanted to play god and decide who lives and who dies. this is his legacy, the god like power to decide the fate of all people. he did not want his people to believe in following god or religion, but to be playing god themselves. that is what they do to this day.

[@noddyholder79]

All the toadying to Mountbatten.. (vomit) That lady had it right when she declared him egotistical. Viva la Republique

[@katiedarlin]

Starts to repeat around 54 minutes???

[@user-ls8ks7kv8c]

lol you just can't please everyone "We want Britain out!!!" *Britain hightails out of there* "Wait wait not yet!! Just slowly leave, not right now!!"

[@HistoryonYouTube]

I must agree with the gentleman at the end. Hundreds of thousands dead because of a failure to come up with a viable border before independance. That is the responsibility of Mountbatten.

[@Benjamin-oq2xz]

How dare you blame Lord Mount

[@matthewgabbard6415]

I don't know what else could have been done. I put most of it on Jinna. Muslims had done horrible things to India for centuries and so they assumed that they would be paid back in kind. It's the same with the Unionists in Ireland. If Jinna had not demanded partition who knows what would have happened

[@VanlifewithAlan]

I second the idea that it was a good job for Britain but lousy for India.

[@DipakBose-bq1vv]

It was terrible for India and the people, both Muslims and non-Muslims.

[@peterbradshaw8018]

Lord mount bottom in India DWL

[@triplestagedarkness2619]

Where's the sound

[@shrigadi]

The bloodiest events in history

[@wayinfront1]

No, far from being the bloodiest events in history. WW2 saw 25 million Soviet people killed (5m of those by their own security service, the JKVD). That's not to mention the wider military and civilian casualties, including the 6million Jews murdered by the Nazis.

[@wor53lg50]

Now look at the world...

[@asimnawaz9256]

I wonder why Indian leaders were hell bent to sever their relations with Europeans.It seems they never realised the worth of european people.One ⁸of the biggest problems was absence of Europeans in Indian civil society. They were only taken as rulers. They would come either as civil servants or military officers. I wish they had reserved one area in the hills where climate was not as harsh. It would have been an interesting comparison between the areas ruled by them and the areas ruled by local people.

[@sundarphani749]

👹👹👹👹👹👹👹👹👹👹👹

[@smkh2890]

It seems that Mountbatten was successful in extricating Britain from India without losing face! Of course Jinnah couldn't face being in a minority in a unified India.

[@kreativekut666]

Thy all used each othr

[@henrysmommy7]

Maybe Mountbatten should have said, "Hey, assholes, if you don't stop murdering each other and act like decent human beings, then we are going to fucking stay here forever. You're just proving that we were right to think you weren't capable of governing yourselves." If they thought they would lose their freedom, maybe some of the violence would have at least slowed down... Or not, who the fuck knows. The whole thing was just so god damned terrible.

[@willboudreau1187]

Hallelujah brother!

[@wor53lg50]

Amen to that...

[@rameshbhattacharjee4374]

Hey Just A Few Years Earlier Germans And Brits Were Killing Each Other By The Hundreds Of Thousands, The Killings During The Partition Was Just A Pin Prick

[@adamarmstrong793]

Can't help laughing at the Congress Party who agitated for Britain to "Quit India" in 1942, then complained that they had bailed out too quickly in 1947. If anything goes wrong, blame Britain first.

[@DipakBose-bq1vv]

Because none thought that Britain would partition India even in 1946. it was too quick to transfer the population to the safe areas and as a result millions were killed. Attlee and mountbatten did a terrible job. They send back the soldiers, made no arrangement to exchange the population and there was no clear boundaries. They allowed Pakistan to invade Kashmir and Balochistan. They allowed Pakistan to kill the non-Muslims at will and supported Pakistan in the United Nations and started giving military support to attack India.

[@peterbradshaw8018]

Even Lee Kuan Yew wanted Britain to stay on longer in Singapore. Most of the Africans admit they never thought administration of the affairs of state would be so demanding. DWL If they had taken the time to read the biographies of Bismark or Metternich they would have realized the seriousness of the role of head of government.

[@puschelhornchen9484]

@@peterbradshaw8018 I hope you don't have autobiographies in mind. They are one of the most biased and distorted historical sources. Constant rigurous checking with other sources is strictly advised.

[@peterbradshaw8018]

I know but it was not to his advantage to say so. He has said as much in his interviews. Biased he was admitting he underestimated the difficulty in governing.

[@sumanthm629]

The British colonials were 200 years too late to leave India and that way you are right. The British left in a desperate hurry not caring what would happen but ofcourse with a parting gift of divide and exit, with the secret happiness that what will be left would be of no value, only to be surprised with the rise of India that will totally eclipse Britain

[@alexandrecosta2708]

Veni, vidi, audivi

[@kasikwagoma6740]

The whingeing, whining and moaning British official is saying they had no rest since 1946. Well they should have known that they were illegally occupying another peoples territory. Empires never last forever and they leave a bitter legacy and hatred in the hearts of the locals even when they are gone. The British past is just awful, terrible. Many of the unending wars you see in the world today are their fault.

[@kreativekut666]

The left the issues Kashmir tht cause ad causing so much bloodshed

[@mdsabahuddin8251]

Non Muslims are allies of each other, if you Muslims donot stick together then there will be utter chaos and bloodshed on the earth. Verily, the believers are brothers to each other. So, hold fast to the book of Allah and do not be divided.

[@ChrisSmith-lo2kp]

Mark Twain once wrote that one could float battleships on the amount of blood spilt in the name of religion

[@user-ls8ks7kv8c]

That was before the galaxies full of blood shed by the communists and other secularists

[@funhhe8601]

I am not sure but I do believe that 2nd world war help stop the continuation of the existence of the British empire as it was. India was never a nation, as such whenever it comes to divide and rule it was strictly based on ethnicity and religion. Thus the issue intensified n we ended up with this endless cycle of violence purely based on ethnicity and religion.

[@sreenivasl8958]

India was a country for 5000 years. It could have been a nation a long time ago had it been led by better leader like sardar vallabhai patel or subhash chandra bose.

[@akhil999in]

there is no need for india to be a nation. nationhood is very narrow thing. india was always a very free, broad, heavily populated region, full of all peopld who happened to be there. india only needs to be a region full of all who happen to be there, not any particular kind.

[@destubae3271]

Former colonies always seem to get plagued by inner ethnic or religious tensions.

[@joedias7946]

Where ever English is spoken these colonies have a border problem. Strange that init.

[@Indiefilmclub394]

Again with the goodlooking complements on the conquerors. Hey everybody, we taxed the shit out of biggest marketplace in the world (75% on farming), controlled the exports of biggest crowd in the world, but it all makes it okay because some women thirsted over us.

[@Nmax]

November 2023 Look at Pakistan today a military dictatorship in all but name. Economic ruin with no prospects for growth. The most popular Pakistani leader Imran Khan and his political party are in jail because the pakistani military fears his popularity. The afgan Pashtuns are almost ready to wage war on Pakistan. India is a forward looking nation that has economic growth, good leadership, and a stability. The gap os only going to widen between India and Pakistan.

[@AasraTeraa]

This strategy is still used yo contr I l ethjivities rebellion crine groups hsving fight eachbother and have peace treaties broken etc.

[@rameshbhattacharjee4374]

Wow Despite The Partition Indian Independence Was Joyful

[@peterbradshaw8018]

Crazy Indian cultures and they have the gall to criticize the British.

[@areguapiri]

Peter Bradshaw ....Go away forever, please!

[@davesanthri]

Why was there no industrial revolution before 1600s ?

[@joedias7946]

Eating rice and curry your national dish is crazy culture.

[@joedias7946]

Looting India of 45 trillions pounds over 200 years was The best of British culture.

[@JK-nb2zw]

Wow!!! What contempt for Jinnah and Muslims in General more from the British rather than the Indians... Britain has now learnt to hide this contempt only for Muslims.... wow...

[@Eric-ye5yz]

WOW the disgust the world must feel for these religions of peace that can cause so much cruelty with indifference.

[@wor53lg50]

@@Eric-ye5yzLOL, indeed they so lovenly peacefull, and other culture excepting that you gotta hate em.... If they was savage unethical heatherns one could grow to love them as one of your own!!!🤔...

[@TheTomnom]

The females loved him but Uncle Louis liked boys........very young ones

[@lovekush478]

uss samay congress party kahan.thi jab angrez bharatdesh ka batwara karke chale gaye thain. ghulami aaj bhi kuch logo ki ragon main. agar deshbhakti ho to videsh jaane ka naa soche?

[@shaileshpkem80]

Pakistan was created to serve the interests of UK & America to counter Russia after WW2.. As Indian Congress leaders (especially Nehru)were having socialist mindset & were close to Russia. Jinnah (Muslim League) was completely backed by British so that the new state of Pakistan can be used to counter Russia which was also influencing the Afghanistan rulers .. It was the revolt of India Navy & Army which made British run away in hurry... It was failure of Indian leaders ( Gandhi,Nehru) who completely failed to keep India United.. Pakistan was created to serve the interests of UK & America to counter Russia after WW2.. As Indian Congress leaders (especially Nehru)were having socialist mindset & were close to Russia. Jinnah (Muslim League) was completely backed by British so that the new state of Pakistan can be used to counter Russia which was also influencing the Afghanistan rulers .. It was the revolt of India Navy & Army which made British run away in hurry... It was failure of Indian leaders ( Gandhi,Nehru) who completely failed to keep India United.. Such great loss to humanity.. million killed..millions displaced... also leading to permeant enemity between two newly formed nations....millions displaced... also leading to permeant enemity between two newly formed nations..

[@ChrisSmith-lo2kp]

tragic record of the end of the imperial smash -n- grab

[@akeelahmad9992]

Lord mount button and nehru did minimise pakistan even after minimising pakistan still india occupied half kashmir. Its the greed of land by Hindus. Mount Batton was not faithful in his duty included nehru . Nehru reap in 1962 what he sow . Soon india will pay on kashmir

[@suppiahmurugesan8343]

Keep on dreaming son. A united secular India would have been a better deal for all, including a quarter of the population who were our Muslim brothers and sisters. Jinnah and right wing British establishment unfortunately shattered your dream by incessant insistence for a partition that continues to haunt the subcontinent with deep scars of mistrust and hatred.

[@akeelahmad9992]

@@suppiahmurugesan8343 then you should watch again this documentary carefully . Jinnah wanted a united india but power must be split in equal level between hindu and Muslims and nehru and Congress were not ready for that except gandhi . Its always a typical thinking of indians that jinnah was responsible for patition but this is not fact . Jaswant Singh wrote same in his book . But anyways its waste of time to day this now

[@sreenivasl8958]

@@akeelahmad9992 Why should India share its land or power. You are a different race and you should quit the country and people you don't like. Muslims have 50 odd countries. And Hindus have only one country.

[@yemsen555]

This is bullcrap!!

[@harisk4151]

They thought Pakistan would not survive a year. Then it took the half of Kashmir just be tribal people. I know how mess Pakistan is now days so as others but I hope we become a strong and developed nation and learn from blunder our forefathers did.

[@KillerofWestoids]

Pakistan will never develop if they keep being somebody else ‘s puppet. They were US puppet in Cold War and now are Chinese puppet. And seriously what is this enmity with India ? They never attacked Pakistan despite Pakistan starting 4 wars and for Kashmir, Pakistan has no legal claim to it. Join hands with your Indian brothers, after all you lived together for centuries. The future of Indian subcontinent shouldn’t be destroyed for the sake of few punjabi army elites who want to earn money by carrying out the work of outside powers.

[@falseprofit4u]

Copy paste repeat in Cyprus 1974 orchestrated by Turkey Masterminded by English rule by division

[@thesupplantor]

England was the best thing that ever happened to India lol