Neutron Generators using Particle Accelerators

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

To see subtitles in other languages: Click on the gear symbol under the video, then click on "subtitles." Then select the language (You may need to scroll up and down to see all the languages available). --To change subtitle appearance: Scroll to the top of the language selection window and click "options." In the options window you can, for example, choose a different font color and background color, and set the "background opacity" to 100% to help make the subtitles more readable. --To turn the subtitles "on" or "off" altogether: Click the "CC" button under the video. --If you believe that the translation in the subtitles can be improved, please send me an email.

[@alvinleo2987]

I guess Im asking the wrong place but does anybody know of a method to log back into an instagram account? I somehow forgot my password. I would appreciate any tips you can give me!

[@diegolukas3012]

@Alvin Leo instablaster ;)

[@alvinleo2987]

@Diego Lukas thanks for your reply. I found the site on google and I'm in the hacking process atm. Seems to take a while so I will reply here later when my account password hopefully is recovered.

[@alvinleo2987]

@Diego Lukas it worked and I actually got access to my account again. Im so happy:D Thank you so much you really help me out!

[@diegolukas3012]

@Alvin Leo No problem =)

[@DLPLORD]

Those videos you are making explain stuff linke no teacher could ever do. I wish you the best and keep the good job going. Because knowledge is power greater than any others. Best regards, Dimo Petkov

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Dimo Petkov, thanks for the compliment. More videos are on their way.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You can help translate this video by adding subtitles in other languages. To add a translation, click on the following link: kzbin.info_video?v=1sQX1st5bbw&ref=share You will then be able to add translations for all the subtitles. You will also be able to provide a translation for the title of the video. Please remember to hit the submit button for both the title and for the subtitles, as they are submitted separately. Details about adding translations is available at support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en Thanks.

[@the_kingslayer]

Also, just saw in this comments section that your channel replies to all of the questions asked on here; that is very impressive and respectable, awesome job!!!

[@the_kingslayer]

Please keep making these awesome videos!!! im only half way through all of them so far but I will be so bored when I finish them all. Your videos are definitely the best out of all of the physics youtube channels. I would love a section of videos covering things such as computer heuristics, memory storage and retrieval (solid state and magnetic), programming architecture, networking, ect. Another great video section would be material science engineering based, such as vapor deposition, crystalline allotropes, ferrous metallurgy, and electro-spin nanofiber production. And please add control systems analysis to the mathematics section, I feel it is incomplete without it. Thank you for your incredibly hard work!!!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I will add that list to my list of topics for future videos. By the way, I already have a video on control system analysis at kzbin.info/www/bejne/pmrUo3uahaqYaJo

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

If you like this video, you can help more people find it in their KZbin search engine by clicking the like button, and writing a comment. Thanks.

[@MarciAleksandravicius]

Don't you sleep, friend of mine?

[@LOP1698]

Hey can you make an Video about why matter or wath matter holds in an solid state and why it is turning in to an liquid, i know that mattirials smelting or boiling at specific Tempraturs under specific pressur but Why? and i know that models from Atoms that change 1. move arround Postion (Solid)2.move arround freely by other Atoms(Liqiud) 3. move completly free (Gas) But thats not wath i want to know why isnt it allways moveing like an Liqiud liqiud to Gas make half way scence but Solid to Liquid wath kind of grid is this wath is it made off or wath is it.? Sry for my bad English :I

[@feynstein1004]

Excellent video, Eugene. Can't wait for more videos.

[@nathansos8480]

Me too ...

[@moseschellakannu7548]

best very clear graphical explanation ever watched in youtube.superb !

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@lorenzoemanueletomasello215]

You are an artist in simplifying complex topics!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Lorenzo Tomasello, thanks.

[@lunatic1916]

Please, make a video explaining alternating current! Your videos are great!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+bras, more videos on AC current are coming soon. Thanks.

[@FingerThatO]

Ok. You have to tell us if you are a wizard. Excellent video!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Misael Cifuentes, thanks.

[@matumbomatumba7624]

That's a myth, wizards don't have to tell you they're wizards.

[@CondensedComments]

Fascinating!! I'd love to see something like this in action!!!

[@koala10ish]

Hello, How about generating only protons?

[@minilkumarrathod6179]

@EugeneKhutoryansky At 2:26 you said we will have another electron that collides with electron of deutarium. Can I know which method is deployed here for that ? It appeared like some billiard ball collision in the animation but can you guide us how that collision will elimnate the negative charge from there? Thanks for this amazing animation.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment about my animation. The electrons don't actually collide like billiard balls. Particles with the same charge repel one another. Therefore, when we shoot electrons at the atom, these electrons will repel the electron that is already present, and knock this electron out of the atom.

[@pragya2208]

Really amazing. Although I am not for Physics background, but i just loved the video. I could understand everything so clearly. So well explained it is. And the animations are also too good (y) Keep going! Thanks :)

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+pragya2208, thanks. I am glad you liked my video.

[@epelly3]

You’ve done excellent work, thank you

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@GoranKraljevicKoehlerAribeca]

I'm glad you exist! Thanks for making these videos.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Goran Kraljevic Koehler Thanks. I am glad you like my videos.

[@humanbeing2009]

Very clear and well explained for an amateur like myself. Thank you

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. Glad you liked my video.

[@13thxenos]

I love this channel! I always wanted to teach what I know in this manner. Whit animations. But I don't know how t use a 3d software. And I don't know a lot about anything to teach. But Thank you. Hope other people start teaching stuff in this way.

[@unitedspacepirates9075]

Finally getting a particular accelerator for Christmas

[@gpcrawford8353]

Are not neutron generators like this used in nuclear warheads to pulse the primary stage of plutonium?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

They are used in nuclear warheads to help start the neutron chain reaction.

[@MrRobinhq]

Great demonstration. But how do you create a beam of neutrons in which the neutrons travel at roughly the same speed and in the same direction?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+MrRobin667Cc, You can do this by surrounding this neutron generator with material that is good at absorbing neutrons, and leave just one small narrow hole through which neutrons can escape.

[@sylviapapp8812]

Bravo bravo professor Khuotoryamsky !

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@leadeeeeer]

thanks for your effort, you made science more interesting and easy,,awesome work,,keep on

[@mybluemars]

Amazing! But how the heck do you get electrons to collide with each other?

[@philipzuchetti8436]

no mention of Thermionic Emission. Make it clear how the electron is stripped.

[@savitridevi9632]

(please correct me if I am wrong) How can u just knock the electrons off? In a deuterium atom, the proton holds the electron with quite a bit of force, the other electrons coming in will get repelled and won't knock it off.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

If the incoming electrons come in with a high enough of a speed, they can overcome this force.

[@fork2309]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky there a way to know how fast?

[@CasualSandre]

I'm gonna start making animations on a separate channel to teach chemistry. My I ask what software you use? I already have access to a sufficient software, but yours seem to be superior.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+The Sandre Guy, I use "Poser" for all my 3D animations.

[@CasualSandre]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky Thanks buddy!

[@comecoast]

This is how they detonate an atomic bomb right? By releasing neutrons and starting the fission chain reaction?

[@dale116dot7]

Yes. The first initiators used Polonium 210 and beryllium separated by a plating of some kind, it was timed by when it got crushed ‘the right amount’ and was placed in the middle of the pit. They did need frequent replacement as Po210 decays away. Newer weapons likely use something like this, though many details are classified.

[@RajivIyer369]

excellent graphics makes understanding easy

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Rajiv Iyer, thanks.

[@19trwind82]

Nice videos! But why don't the electrons fly left? The horizontal electrical field is much stronger than the vertical one.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Thomas Wind, the electrons are already on the left part of the device. And thanks for the compliment about my videos.

[@treenelson4063]

A great follow up Movie would be how the neutrinos are captured, contained, focused, and accelerated. I liked this movie very much.

[@asencme]

Love it! I mean I knew all these things but it is still fun to watch the videos! Great work !!!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Asen Georgiev Thanks. Glad you liked it.

[@dabulls1g]

Obviously, everyone knows this stuff. Babies know it...at least my baby does

[@fedorzhuravlev8886]

Excellent video.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Glad you liked it. Thanks.

[@alexandrugheorghe5610]

Is the last part of the video where the atoms are hitting the target that we see in LHC's generated graphics?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Alexandru Gheorghe, I am not sure I understand your question, but the LHC is a different device than what I am discussing in this video. The LHC is 17 miles in circumference, whereas the device described in the animations I created for this video is a small linear accelerator that someone can carry in their hands (when it is unpowered).

[@alexandrugheorghe5610]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky We definitely are talking about different scales. But the main principle applies I'd assume (please, by all means, do correct me if I'm wrong). My question was regarding the discovery at LHC regarding Higgs with the two distinctive photons (IIRC): upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMS_Higgs-event.jpg/300px-CMS_Higgs-event.jpg In your video, there is one released. Do we see that one like in the picture above from LHC data? Of course, by this I mean, if we would read the data for the photon when we extrapolate and backtrack, we can draw it like in that picture. Is this true or am I guessing wrongly? Thank you very much of course for another great video!

[@prasadvyssery1997]

Thanks... it really make me sense for a big question that i had.

[@msolec2000]

Cool. Why isn't He_5 created, though?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+msolec2000, Helium 5 has a half life of 7.6×10^(−22) s.

[@msolec2000]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky Ah, that would explain it. Thank you. :)

[@billnye8318]

How much PhDs do you have? Probably 5.

[@rodrigoappendino]

I think you just need a degree to make these videos.

[@iceloadtrail7167]

pyropulse Lol most of these videos are a lot more advanced than just basic physics. But you're right.

[@subhajitsingharoy2028]

Bill Nye Can neutron be accelarated by cyclotron?

[@dankole307]

God knows the science guy has none. Bill nye is a paid lacky. Touting the latest climate change BS to make a buck. Kids recognized what a fool he was. Now he tries to fool the same dopes. It works. D students unite under the bill nye flag.

[@scopace314]

@@dankole307Umm, actually Bill Nye has an engineering degree from Cornell University. He has certainly accomplished a lot more than some loser troll. Calling climate change BS is a pretty clear indicator that you have never made any contribution to science, and probably never even opened up a textbook. Hence your opinion doesn't mean squat, so shut your trap hater. Science Rules!

[@kjpmi]

So, what is the material that's rich in tritium and the material rich in deuterium?

[@andekharahasya74]

Lithium deuteride

[@ScottJarreau]

What type of device(s) are used to shoot neutrons at atoms?

[@davidflores909]

What is the wavelength of the photons created during the collision?

[@williamstorey5024]

Are the radioactive neutrons still radio active?

[@mnada72]

Thank you for this highly demonstrative video, I have some questions: 1. Isn't this helium generation look like fussion process. 2. Will the target vanishes as it converts to helium. 3. How the resultant neutrons will be collected and controlled and what might be the application they can be used for

[@qwaeszrdxtfcgvbqwaeszrdxtf5733]

1) yes this is fusion (but fqr too insuficent for energy production) 2) yes. But it would take a lot of time since the number of neutron created that way is way lover than the number of atoms in the target 3) it's a relatively cheap neutron source(compared to reactors for example).So you can use it anywhere where you wanna create neutron (it doest create a lot of it though)

[@SeverSTL]

FINNALY, THNX

[@Cameron__Cooper]

Great music choice!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@Gregory-the-small]

Greatest video ever i needed this

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment, and glad to hear that my video was useful.

[@veerajkarora]

what practical uses do these machines have?

[@arnabchaudhuri7233]

Maybe starting a chain reaction in a nuke

[@wilhelmvonn9619]

Correct. It's called an initiator.

[@johnhall1700]

So if electrons aren't "fixed" (I.e. electron cloud), how do they happen to bump into each other? Or is it through large numbers of electrons from the cathode that does the trick?)

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Jonathan Theodoulos, it is the electrons from the cathode that knock out the electrons in the deuterium atoms from their orbits.

[@firehog]

sweet video. it really helps to understand

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Danilo Metzger Thanks. I am glad to hear that my video was useful.

[@firehog]

It feels like that last piese of the pussle is now in it's place and finally, I can see the picture.

[@alanlam6302]

sorry i got one question. I am wondering this is the mechanism of nuclear fusion, right? But aren't scientists still struggling how to build a high temperature environment to let this happen? So is such neutron generator already practical in real life or is it still one blueprint which can not yet be made?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

These neutron generators already exist. However, the energy needed by these accelerators far exceeds the amount of useful energy that is being produced by the nuclear fusion. What scientists have not yet figured out is an efficient way to make a nuclear fusion generator, so that the amount of useful energy produced is far higher than the energy consumed.

[@u235mc2]

I am sorry, I just have a question, the process described for neutron release is basically nuclear fusion, right? how can a proton get close to another proton until they get fusion? What about the electrostatic repulsion?, this requeire the gravitational force from a star to create these extreme conditions, how that works??? Thanks!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

If the particles are accelerated to extremely high velocities, as they are in the particle accelerator, then the repulsive force from the target nucleus will not be enough stop the particles from colliding with them.

[@hazmannaim705]

Can someone tell me what's is the Light Thingy that have been released from the collision?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

That is a photon. I go over this in my video titled "Nuclear Physics."

[@hazmannaim705]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky Oh...thank you.I just watched your Nuclear Physics video. Very helpful and interesting.Gonna suggest this channel among my schoolmate :D

[@pushbutton8548]

Is there a mechanism/device for generating matter from energy?

[@PulsedPower]

It happens naturally when a gamma ray decays into a positron/electron pair. I know that this could theoretically be done with extremely high power pulse lasers in the zeta watt range (not possible with current technology).

[@junaidali8205]

Sir, Kindle Tell me that What is Yellow Particle that emit with Neutron when Deuterium Collides with Tritium

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

That was meant to represent a photon.

[@KeanMartinic]

This wouldn't be considered spallation would it?

[@Eigenbros]

The next logical question is how do you then direct neutrons towards a specific target?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You place a neutron absorbing shield around the neutron generator, with a hole in the shield in the direction that you want the neutrons to go.

[@Eigenbros]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky ah, interesting. Sounds like a lot of neutrons get lost in the process

[@rodrigoappendino]

But why deuterium escape from the source if we heat it?

[@pendalink]

+Rodrigo Appendino My guess would be that the increase in kinetic energy allows them to vibrate/wriggle their way out

[@rodrigoappendino]

But why only deuterium and not hydrogen?

[@LoLStaticX]

I think that there´s no hydrogen in the filament, just it´s isotope deuterium, which has an neutron in it´s nucleus that hydrogen hasn´t.

[@oldmangranny5oldmangranny56]

This is how they make neutrons in modern nuclear weapons.

[@philipzuchetti8436]

the process can also be used to make radionuclides use nuclear medicine and PET scans.

[@koala10ish]

Hello, How about generating only protons?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

To generate protons, start out with hydrogen atoms (with no neutrons) and then remove the electron.

[@siradanadam.]

what happens to electrons after they split?

[@the_kingslayer]

I was wondering same thing

[@developercm]

Excellent Video!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@ralbiruni]

I have get a similar reaction with only deuterium: D -> d => He3 + N . Target was a chip of aluminium and deuterium was adsorbed on this metal.

[@remcovanwoerkom9546]

what is this used for?

[@CasualSandre]

+Remco van Woerkom It's used in nuclear chemistry for instance to produce neutrons to be used in making isotopes. In isotopic chemistry for instance this is a tool to study chemical differences between isotopes. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry

[@jumpieva]

maybe a dumb question but, can an average citizen get deuterium and tritium doped materials?

[@PrinceChopra-y6b]

Will this process produce any nuclear energy or radiation?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Yes.

[@manipulativer]

all these cartoons... is there a video of the actual stuff?

[@nihadandlina1543]

wich v of poser you use

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+‫عماد حمايدي‬‎, Poser Pro 2014.

[@doyounyu1]

Doesn't electrons from deuterium rips off naturally electron field that accelerates deuterium is strong enough? I wonder why electron emission to remove electron is necessary.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

No, the electrons will not be ripped off just due to the electric field alone, because this electric field is not strong enough to do this.

[@doyounyu1]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky Thanks! So neutron generator like these doesn't use voltage up to fusor's? I think fusor doesn't have parts that ionizes deutrium atoms.

[@BalancedObserver]

so .. if you somehow capture just enough neutrons and knowing nuetrons have very heavy mass...and mass equals gravity... will that mean we can generate our own gravity in space?

[@akhilnair1451]

Your idea is interesting but i am not sure that one electron colliding towards the one orbiting the hydrogen-2 will knock the latter electron out of orbit. Secondly, why would u even need a nuetron? Other than these I think ur idea is creative and brilliant

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

This is not my "idea." These types of devices have existed for many decades. In reply to your other question, there are many uses for neutrons. For example, by bombarding a material with neutrons, we can determine the chemical composition of that material.

[@okay8632]

My favourite videos

[@zepallica123]

great video!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Katey Stevenson, thanks.

[@WadcaWymiaru]

How to make "neutrons beam"? It's impossible to drive neutrons...with no charge.

[@WadcaWymiaru]

So HOW nuclear reaction happen?

[@flashmedia8953]

This is the catalyst to nuclear fission reaction

[@nathansos8480]

I love this

[@loosingmymemory7]

This is a bit deceptive in that it doesn't show the actual model of what an electron, neutron, and a proton actually are. It just shows moving spheres. The way an atom actually looks if you could visualize its fields is very different than this and can lead to confusion. They don't even explain why a current can cause electrons to emit from one type of material and full atoms from another. There is a lot missing in this model. Essentially this is matter phase transitioning using a very inefficient method.

[@mrWdq]

wonderful thank you

[@speedraser2605]

The relationship between the very large (solar system) and the very small(atoms) is different because of the electromotive force. Its our bread and butter. Neutrons have a neutral charge but have mass to influence the orbits of electrons.

[@kmyase1]

From the way that these neutron are generated, could it also bethat they are spinning so fast that they no longer hold charges polarities? Just like we can turn off gravity by simply spinning like a gyroscope!

[@NKhaannn]

Thankyou so much

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You are welcome and thanks.

[@pendalink]

love it

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+pendalink, Glad you liked it.

[@see937]

Thank u very much , but i don't understand voltage ladder >>> if there someone understand this part , explain plz what's voltage ladder meaning ??

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I have a video on voltage ladders at kzbin.info/www/bejne/enqbiqdndralfpo

[@dislikebutton1807]

Is this how nuclear fission starts?

[@sinephase]

we should be using this to propel spacecraft - just shoot a stream of heavy plutonium dust and bombard it with neutrons to "ignite" the stream. do it in controlled pulses. we have the means, but not the ability to come to an agreement. apelike chest beating is the only reason we can't explore space in a reasonable way

[@Halcon_Sierreno]

So it's basically just fusion.

[@jamesbrinley5668]

ight ima fire one of these bad boys into some U235

[@HyenaEmpyema]

I want to make my own neutrons

[@tomaszhanusek4903]

One small remark: At the beginning (0:18) you are using the term: " two types of atoms". Which is not true. Deuterium and tritium, both are atoms of hydrogen, because, from the point of atoms, they are the same (both have 1 electron). They are different isotopes of hydrogen. But the overall video is very nice! :)

[@tunatasali3237]

Can't we just recycle the Helium-4 nuclei produced as ionizers? Their nuclear charge is more than of Deuterium, therefore they can steal the electron and reduce the need for ionization using high energy electrons.

[@realcygnus]

thE coolest !

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+realcygnus Glad you liked it.

[@reshmaslukose6424]

good

[@nayanshaji4617]

Next Stop: Quantum "Cobblestone" Generator...

[@murumuru7529]

чел который сделал русские сабы, спасибо.

[@Blackvertigo1]

This is not PhD. This is called Fusion PhD.

[@Roust7]

I have hard time believing you are knocking out the deuterium electron with another electron! Electrons are so small almost point charges

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

The electrons don't actually have to collide. Electrons repel each other. So, simply getting close to each other will accomplish this goal.

[@markostojiljkovic7100]

I have questions. If proton + neutron are much heavier than electron, wouldn't strong electric field just rip electrons from atom and accelerate positively charged nucleus in opposite direction, by itself ? And if we knock off one electron with another, why third electron doesn't just bind to + charged nucleus ? Btw great video :)

[@alstud1]

+Marko Stojiljkovic I would imagine that with both the cathode and the accelerator running at the same time, deuterium atoms are held until the moment they lose an electron, where they are rushed off out of the electron shower towards the target before another electron can bind.

[@xizlontho9054]

I think you are right.

[@Tadesan]

They already made a new Tron. Legacy? It wasn't as good as the original Tron.

[@francisbacon4363]

A marx generator will do the trick

[@allmacaiu_ui_systems_netwo6997]

Proton particle accelerator liquid hydrogen accumulation East Winds turbine alternate current generator Sophia & Erica robots robotics periodic tables CAD design and gamma rays

[@aloeveradrink494]

People should learn things like this, and not playing stupid games in freetime.

[@burdmate]

+Froggy The Drugs Dealer I do both.

[@greenmario3011]

Aloe Vera Drink I watch these videos while playing games

[@away5534]

If you meant candycrush by "stupid games", I agree But there are smart games, specially sci-fi games, that are very cool. And they actually help to spread the importance of science research

[@eduardo_him46]

like omg don't let the Iranians see this ! I'm a five year old transgendered white girl from Uganda omg :o