Exposing OceanGate Submarines Many Fatal Designs

[@ZirothTech]

Thanks for watching and sharing so many insightful comments! I will try and summarise points I see here for those interested (please reply to this comment with more details you have!) : - The carbon fibre was laid in one direction for the Titan, not a four axis weave pattern, which is much stronger - Carbon fibre hulls are better understood for single use applications - Other carbon pressure vessels (e.g. hydrogen tanks) have high pressure inside, instead of outside. This plays to the tensile strengths of carbon fibre, instead of relying on the compressive strength. - Although game controllers are used in the military, this is never for complete control of a manned vehicle (though they are often used for life-critical missions, such as bomb disposal). The game controller being wireless was also an added failure mode, however there may have been control available through other methods, such as the touch screens, if needed. - There was an inertial navigation system on the Titan, but this did not guide them toward the Titanic wreckage or give details on their surroundings. They were still reliant on the mothership for directions!

[@audioauracle-dsyswpwanl-]

Titanic Submarine Mission V, James Cameron, Avatar: The Way of Water, The Abyss & Greek Sea Gods... Come this way...

[@FansReelsOfficialChannel]

😊😊😊

[@manictiger]

Physics beat you to this topic.

[@manictiger]

@@JeremyRobertWalker ESG scores are to die for.

[@justbecauseOK]

@@JeremyRobertWalker NASA is Woke, cant even fly a paper airplane

[@phil4986]

The sub was CRACKLING every time it went down. Like carbon fiber popcorn. That is the sound of carbon fiber delaminating. When a passenger asked Stockton Rush about it, he said, "Don't worry about it, the carbon fiber is five inches thick." Some engineers have said that this was a 'one and done' sub. That the five-inch-thick carbon fiber was too thick to reliably see every delamination in it so the tube should have been replaced after every dive. Something only James Cameron has noted, is the bizarre way the carbon fiber was laid on the tube mold to create the tube center of the sub. The carbon fiber was laid in one direction, overlapped to the piece next to it. That is a one axis contact area. The dominant carbon fiber laying process in all of the carbon fiber industry is a FOUR axis WEAVE pattern. Stockton Rush made himself a carbon fiber coffin and bolted himself and four Innocent people in it.

[@meganruchwatercolors7186]

All that crackling noise each time should have been a red flag and should be tested.

[@carlislepanting5219]

Belize central america I'm from and i agree totally !! You're a smart person and respect

[@kmacksb]

...and it wasn't a very good coffin, either.

[@vemaraju]

ALL SUBMARINES MAKE CRACKING NOISE, LOUDER THE BETTER

[@climbing_for_dollars]

@@meganruchwatercolors7186 i think its clear that Rush was money hungry and didn't want to pay for any kind of testing or go through any certification. he flew across the country to meet with a father n son (who turned him down) about paying for the trip to titanic. that's how the Indian father n son got the "seats" as they were second on some list apparently. someone pointed out each trip should cost upwards of 1 million usd per person if all testing and certifications were performed as advised. i've read to test carbon fiber it basically destroys the product so there isn't a non destructive method for a tube like this.

[@JeffRL1956]

The two most terrifying words in aviation are "homebuilt helicopter" and the two scariest words in marine engineering are "uncertified submersible".

[@rw7567]

And yet their careers are built on the backs of risk-takers like the Wright Brothers and Jacques Cousteau. They operated outside the boundaries and limits of their times. I’m no Stockton, Cousteau, or Wright, but I appreciate their willingness to push boundaries. I could name others whose original inventions and discoveries caused quite a bit of death but we still credit them for their industriousness such as Marie Curie and Thomas Edison…

[@mtmadigan82]

I always thought it was "what is that mountain goat doing up here in this cloud bank"

[@evanbelisle8464]

@@rw7567you say risk takers I say cheap scammers.

[@discbrakefan]

@@rw7567I wouldn’t put Stockton in the same breath as the other two. He wasn’t doing something new or inventive, he was cutting corners to make a profit. Now he and some clients are dead.

[@_Only_Zuul]

ooh! you've just given me a great idea what to do with my 2 x old lawnmowers I have just sitting in my garage! 😀

[@mrhoneycutter]

As my grandfather told me when teaching me how to do basic maintenance on my car, “Whenever you’re dependent on something to keep you alive, take good care of it and don’t be a cheap ass”. Thanks for the wise words Pops RIP

[@FatalFist]

Which is why the gamepad controller was a stupid decision. Steer a robot sure but why on Earth did they think it was acceptable to depend their life on it. Luckily Karma handled CEO.

[@josephwoolley685]

​@@FatalFist It's common practice to use gaming pads. Likely the QC is and therefore reliability is much higher on mass produced pads that have been properly stress-tested for millions of button presses and stick moves

[@imageisn0thing]

Wise words indeed!

[@blindandwatching]

​​@FatalFist Hubris is usually punished in such ways.

[@FatalFist]

@@josephwoolley685 As a gamer, I'm fully aware of the versatility a gamepad can deliver. But the issue is, I would never put my life on the line with one. This is why controllers in the military are far from where they are steering their drones. If the drone is shot down, no loss of life.

[@juusolatva]

the CEO literally said that safety is needlessly prioritized over innovation and then he proceeded to innovate himself and others to death

[@rbr1170]

There is a reason why submarines are overengineered and therefore costs billions to make.

[@richardpowell1425]

Also known as well-engineered.

[@misanthropicservitorofmars2116]

@@richardpowell1425yep, never known anything to be overengineered. I don’t think that’s even possible tbh.

[@andyramirez5436]

I still want to know how much money these people made because it seems to me like this was done on purpose.

[@cevsunkist]

@@andyramirez5436 yes...the ceo of the company put himself in the sub and imploded it on purpose. grow some brains. They just cut corners.

[@stinkfist4205]

@@cevsunkist😊, your funny.

[@jshooper7819]

Everything about this vessel seemed like a death trap. It's crazy that the owner bragged about cutting corners and avoiding regulations and certification.

[@Michael-wm9bm]

😂because he is an arrogant rich white dude you have never worked for one like this?

[@transamination]

The most bizarre thing is that one of the passengers Hamish Harding had actually been to the deepest point in the ocean (11000m) in Triton Submersibles 'Limiting Factor' which cost $37million. The video is on youtube. Limiting Factor is a titanium sphere crew compartment. I don't understand how he did that with such a professional team and hi-tech vehicle, and then went in Titan.

[@LP-hs6yz]

Just being locked in with no way of opening the hatch was ludicrous.

[@bobtrask2217]

Because government regulation and certification requirements interfere with "freedom" and "innovation.." Not to mention "profits." What's crazy is how these people bought his sales pitch without doing any basic research. An hour on Google would've given them all the info they needed. Another father and son team declined to go when they stopped to consider FACTS and discovered how insane - and almost guaranteed to fail - this mission was.

[@TaurusHere]

It's CRAZY that four Rich IDIOTS WHO KNEW THE RISKS AND SIGNED PAPERWORK WITH DEATH MENTIONED NUMEROUS TIMES BUT STILL WENT

[@HecJ]

My gradfather used to tell me "Lo barato sale caro" which translated means, "cheap things are expensive." A very accurate (and tragic) oxymoron when applied to this situation.

[@alexafernandez4561]

Ahaha my mother says the same thing to my stepfather all the time 😂 And i always remember it when I going to spend money.

[@allenlindsey1175]

your GrandFather had a excellent point...im gnna have to repeat that as it sums it perfectly

[@IntrepidFC]

I thought ur profile pic was the Animals album cover

[@Cautela]

Heard the same growing up, it's very true. "Cheap things end up expensive", it's ok to be a little frugal but certain things you just don't cheap out on or it ends up costing you...

[@carlostejada1479]

cheap ends up expensive... sounds better in spanish anyway

[@Jedi_With_Aesthetic]

Whoever designed this submarine and thought it was safe must be under a lot of pressure after this

[@kauffrau6764]

Well said.

[@047Kenny]

Funny but the fact of the matter is one of the main engineers spoke out but was hit with lawsuits

[@MitchellTF]

Briefly.

[@snappythesnapster1856]

pressure... hah

[@sarahspindler2914]

😂😂

[@Cheeky-fingers]

I am an ex laminator who worked with carbon fibre for motor sport, aviation and oil industries. The process of the bonding of the hull to the Titanium caps looks extremely questionable. In the videos I have seen the were hand mixing adhesive in buckets, applying with plastic scrapers in an environment that was not dust or dirt free. Frankly I am shocked it went as deep as it did. Maybe methods have changed but it is not an assembly environment I am familiar with.

[@Leosarebetter]

Was thinking the same, no vacuum bagging, no dust free sterile lay up, no cross "X" lay up just one direction, materials that fight eachother and will never bond, FFS this was a disaster waiting to happen....

[@gatesurfer]

Jeez that’s bad. I know surfboard glassers who are more careful than that.

[@cecilkeith1951]

@@gatesurfer Bro I probably spent more time in my yard filing in scuffs on my board than Stockton ever did with his sub.

[@noahwilliams9118]

See that is something that always bothered me. I don’t work with making composites, most I do are use frp supports but I do know plastic pipes and welding, and even with pvc gluing, dirt and dust and environment can make you have a joint fail, and they are gluing it together in a big non environmental control led wear-house, by hand, without and other controls or help. Im honestly shocked it didn’t leak or fail there in that joint.

[@bfr123456]

I ride a carbon fiber bicycle and it is even concerning to me how the derailleur hangers, headset bearings, bottom bracket, seatpost, and other alloy parts mate and interface with the polymer monocoque frame. This guy Rush got himself and those others killed because of his hard headed narcissistic mental state.

[@jmo2321]

Worked as an aerospace materials and composites engineer for some time. From what I've heard it was filament wound and then unidirectional layup on top done by hand...which is an odd design choice. The other issue I don't hear about is the fact that composites under compression don't have nearly the benefit they do in tension or even shear. In compression you're highly dependent on your matrix (resins) not the reinforcement (carbon fiber). In some design choices this is acceptable and accounted for. For a tube under this kind of pressure...it's a MAJOR design challenge. For example, say you take a strip of dried super glue (matrix) and try pulling it. By itself it isn't very strong and likely brittle. Now take that super glue (matrix) and soak a strip of fabric (reinforcement) and the two work together. By itself the fabric is very limp, but now glued it has the stiffness and acts as a reinforcement to the super glue and will be relatively strong if you try to pull it (tension). Now take that same glued fabric and squish it lengthwise (compression), the fabric contributes very little to the strength of this composite and you are now almost entirely dependent on the strength of the glue at this point (aka, your matrix). This is the general principal behind most carbon fiber reinforced polymers. Intralaminar failure is the separation of the matrix (superglue) and reinforcement (fabric) and can occur for a number of reasons. Generally, it occurs when the stresses exceed the matrix's strength or there is poor bonding between the two. Contamination, voids, expired resin, improperly cured resins, improper cure environments are some of the examples that can lead to poor bonding. Lastly I heard this wasn't bagged or cured in an autoclave. Don't know if this is true but depending on the composite used, manufacturers specify if it requires just bagging, oven cured or needs to be cured in an autoclave. Generally speaking, out of autoclave curing is less superior to autoclaved cured. The autoclave is essentially an oven that pulls vacuum. As it pulls vacuum it forces air out of the resin and the resin is much more evenly distributed within the fabric. In other words, better bond...better strength. Given the size of the Oceangate cylinder I have my doubts it was cured in an autoclave given there aren't many autoclaves in the world that size open to just anyone and running one that size is not cheap. That’s not to say it’s wrong, design would just need to account for that in their margins. Also I'd like to know how rigorous their build process was. How clean was their environment? How accurately were things laid down? Temperature? Humidity? These all contribute to proper curing and bonding. Filament winding is used in modern aircraft and tanks where the reinforcement is under TENSION. For aircraft, atmospheric pressure decreases as you increase altitude which means the cabin is applying a pressure from the inside. This means that the carbon fiber (reinforcement) is actually under tension. Carbon fiber (reinforcement) has the benefit of supporting the matrix in this case. Similarly, filament wound air tanks can hold thousands of PSI easily and commonly used in scuba/firefighter air tanks. In the case of a sub, the pressure is applied from the outside of the tank and the reinforcement is in COMPRESSION. Think of a net shaped like a balloon wrapped around the balloon. As the balloon expands, that net supports it and the fabric of the net is under tension. Opposite to this, if the balloon were placed in a vacuum, the balloon would shrink as their is now pressure on the outside of this. The net does nothing to support it. With thick composite layups like this submersible, it can be very difficult to find these intralaminar cracks with non-destructive inspection. The appropriate testing method would require some type of fatigue testing that structural engineering determines the structure will face in its environment and is representative of the expected lifespan. After this testing, destructive inspection will then be done of the structure. I'd want to chop up sections of the cylinder, resin mount/polish them and inspect under a microscope at various locations to inspect the layup, especially higher stress locations determined in analysis. Voids in a matrix are generally accounted for in a design’s safety margin, but they are not and should not be designed with the expectation that intralaminar failure occurs. At bare minimum if full scale testing and destructive inspection isn't possible, I'd want coupon (small representative pieces) testing with the same layup process done for fatigue testing and static testing in compression also followed by inspections. I've heard that material was possibly purchased expired from Boeing. This is more than likely prepreg. Prepreg is essentially the reinforcement (carbon fiber) already soaked in the resin(matrix) just not yet cured from the manufacturer. They're generally stored in freezers to slow the curing process and have a shelf life the manufacturer determines as the cold temps only slow, not stop, the curing (crosslinking). After the shelf life has passed, it's possible you won't have a composite that meets the manufacturers strength specifications. Manufacturers of these materials are sometimes conservative with their dates. Shelf life extension is possible if coupons are made and destructive testing is performed to validate the material is still good even past the manufacturer’s date. Not heard anything anywhere if this was done. There are other variables that are also not brought up. Salt water and UV can be detrimental to many composites. I have my doubts testing on this was done. The other concern I'd have is handling of the sub. Damage caused by impact can be invisible on the outside of many composites. If this was bumped in transport there's a possibility of unseen damage. Metals generally yield and have visual indications of impact. Why they chose to use composites instead of steel or even titanium, is odd to me. It doesn't make sense...weight savings isn't all that critical for a submarine/submersible. To properly design a composite tube to take those kinds of compressive loads is extremely expensive given the time to design, test, and build a reliable process. With steel or titanium for example, material strength is readily validated with simple testing and easily designed for. There are plenty of designs out there that are also time tested. It would be significantly cheaper and easier to do structural analysis on a steel tube with certified and tested material. All said, it's hard to say the composite structure was even the culprit, it could have been the other parts of the structure that resulted in it's failure. Either way, sounds like marketing/executive decisions drove design instead of engineering.

[@eightlights4939]

You shouldve worked there, but probably youre a close to 50 year old white male and therefore not diverse enough for the once CEO

[@richardpowell1425]

Thanks for the in-depth information. This got me thinking, would concrete be at all suitable for a low-budget submersible? The compressive strength is high.

[@TucsonDude]

Wow...a complete lesson in carbon fiber. Thanks!

[@prototype.3324]

It's mind boggling that the shell even survived the first few dives...I can't just believe that pure plastics could withstand that kind of pressure. Maybe carbon fibers did work in some way? Resin shouldn't be the only thing kept it together

[@BrentWShort]

Very comprehensive analysis….I agree….Resins/composites are a brittle form with little resilience to repeat flexure….Metals are much better in scope…. My opinion….Geometry of the composite form is much more important because of flexure concerns….Flat surfaces are very weak,wonder the strength if it were cast as an ellipse or “egg” geometry?….The cylindrical tube shape a no go for sure,a round sphere would have been much stronger…..

[@lostinpa-dadenduro7555]

It was a backyard project. An expensive one, but still basically a backyard job.

[@sunnyscott4876]

Made from things that came from Home Depot and Hobby Lobby. 🤷‍♀️

[@lostinpa-dadenduro7555]

@@sunnyscott4876 Made from a lot of wishful thinking and hubris.

[@WillSing4TP]

A backyard job that cost four naive people's lives.😞

[@bobabooey4537]

Basically...... a backyard job. Nice one.

[@SomeCanine]

I'm not surprised it imploded. I'm surprised it lasted as long as it did for as many dives as it had without imploding up until the point where it did. It clearly was not built to withstand that pressure and stress.

[@thefraudsniffer5485]

Ohh ur a scientist?

[@puest-uo4lr]

@@thefraudsniffer5485It’s common sense to know when something is poorly designed and engineered

[@manymantids]

​@@thefraudsniffer5485i don't think you need to be a scientist to know something only rated for 1,300 meters shouldn't be repeatedly going to 4,000 meters with people inside.

[@juliogonzo2718]

Maybe it bumped into something and slightly deformed the hull causing the structure to no longer be capable of supporting the pressure. It is odd that it survived other dives. Maybe fatigue too

[@Jan07191]

@@juliogonzo2718 It didn't. Theye were still descending.

[@add8402]

5:50 Most of the complaints about the use of the game controller for the submersible wasn't actually about the use of a controller as a concept; It was more about their selection of a significantly substandard controller from a 3rd party manufacturer. Most organizations that make use of controllers for these kinds of applications usually use 1st party hardware because of its high reliability, and ease of replacement. It is well documented that the specific model of Logitech Xbox controller that was showcased in the interview had known reliability problems. This raised concerns because it showcased that OceanGate were completely willing to use substandard parts for vital functions on their submersibles.

[@RobinTheBot]

That is also incorrect. It's the fire hazard caused by it not being purpose built. It essentially had to be made and tested and proven to not cause sparks. First party controllers are also not safe. The navy uses them in normal air, not pure oxygen, and theirs are usually modified.

[@Azura2910arpg]

The controller is not the issue here. It baffles me that people keep leaning on the controller as if it is the problem here. No, it is not.

[@tsm688]

what is a "first party" game controller

[@DerMeister821]

Yeah, this 'content creator' clearly didn't understand the issues with the controller.

[@kamil.g.m]

@@tsm688exactly. that term has no meaning in this context.

[@andrewdavidson4595]

The failure of the dead man's switch (ballast drop) to operate within 10 hours must have made the rescuers very suspicious that a catastrophic event had happened. It's a shame this wasn't mentioned on day 2 in the media.

[@warsurplus]

@andrewdavidson4595, That's because the media are generally a bunch of imbeciles that do nothing more than jog in place when something like this occurs waiting for the next factoid that they can exaggerate to their audiences standing by at their TV's. And, the ballast drop didn't fail to operate, the pressure vessel imploded negating the emergency surfaces systems entirely, but yes, when the vessel didn't surface, I surmise the operations team suspected the vessel had undergone a major anomaly.

[@DigiByteMe]

I think they were crushed before it ever came to that

[@jt_on_youtube]

They knew it imploded less than 2 hours after it launched. The media just drug it out and acted like they were maybe still alive, the entire "we heard a noise, it was banging" was just BS. They said the Navy picked up the implosion with their SONUS Array of underwater mics 1 hour and 45 mins after launch.

[@skab123]

Was it set to implode in this 3rd trip?

[@jamesdlin7]

​@@DigiByteMeYes, that's the point: the fact that the Titan didn't resurface by itself after 10 hours should have made it obvious that it already imploded and that there was no one to rescue.

[@warwickbromley4809]

Fun fact: that railway tanker is imploding under a one atmosphere pressure differential, the Titan would have experienced around three hundred and eighty atmospheres of pressure differential. 😬

[@phunkyjunkee]

It was under vacuum.

[@bailey-bobthorton1950]

And also it was made of a ductile material that bent. Carbon fiber is brittle and just shatters. Glass would be a better comparison.

[@binaryguru]

​@@phunkyjunkeeMakes no difference, the physics are exactly the same as going deep under the ocean.

[@coolmuzt]

There's nothing fun about that fact.

[@innocentnemesis3519]

“But what about body recovery?” 🤦‍♂ facepalm every time I hear someone ask that. Can’t recover meat soup from the bottom of the ocean.

[@rcsontag]

Military-grade "controllers" are quite different from what was used on the Titan.

[@eldrago19]

Also, if your drone stops working, then you've just lost a drone. If your submersible stops working, you've just lost 5 lives.

[@marasmorgean5813]

Yep. A few years ago, i've been inside the cockpit of two fighter jets on a show, pressed some buttons, "fired" some rockets... :p If my mouse, keyboard or controller would be the same "quality", than this is something you buy once in your life...its not a different league, its not even the same sport. Also there is a difference between using a kinect system for testing your self-driving car as a student or a fucking gameboy to steer an unlicensed vehicle in one of the most lethal and extreme enviroments a human can be...doesnt speak for sanity... Also the controller was wireless, WTF?!?!?!?!

[@CrystalMethEnjoyer]

Nah lmao they're not. Some modern attack submarines literally use an Xbox 360 controller (albeit wired)

[@Dar1usz]

@@eldrago19 what an retarded comparision, drone is unmanned aircraft, compare it with airplane engines shutting down and what, u lost over 300 lives but people are flying everyday.

[@azerty1933]

​@@CrystalMethEnjoyerthe xbox 360 controller is already one of the best controller ever made, why developing something new when you already have something engineered and tested by millions of people But I guess those controller are the controllers with the most maintenance happening to them on a daily basis lmao

[@blockmasterscott]

I worked in maintenance in a school district for 20 years, and hearing about that safety guy getting fired for making a fuss about safety issues about that sub gained my sympathy. It’s so hard getting it through a manager’s head about safety issues when they want something done. And they don’t care, as long as they get what they want.

[@seeky907]

Yep. My dad pointed out a fire hazard at an oil services company in Prudhoe Bay who hired him for an unrelated project. They ignored him, a few months later there was a catastrophic fire. No one was hurt, and they hired him to replace the buildings.

[@bobg1069]

Nonsense. I was a senior manager in a safety critical industry and safety was aways my number one concern as with all of my staff and any responsible manager. Your generalization is wrong on so many levels, so don't tar all managers with your broad brush ignorant statements.

[@ChadShotgunApe]

​@bobg1069 thats not broad or ignorant. Just because you practiced safety doesn't mean someone else did. Many industrial accidents occur at the expense of staff life because of corporate greed and upper management indifference.

[@xax2952]

​@@bobg1069you were hired in a menagerial position or did you menage your own company?

[@iainherridge6253]

You're a bit delicate there​@@bobg1069& that there in of itself is a huge safety concern!

[@arianaajbeaverhausen8175]

I'm not a scientist or engineer, in fact I am terrible at maths and physics, but words like "experimental", "unapproved", "uncertified" and "unregulated" scare the 💩 out of me. I'm just glad that the end was quick, the only silver lining that I can find in this disaster. Huge respect to the safety conscious scientists, engineers etc all over the globe who bring us exciting new information about the world we live in. Thank you for your efforts. ❤

[@cecilkeith1951]

I know enough about science and math that when guys without degrees start saying "experimental" you get away, quickly.

[@bucknk8edrobertlee734]

best comment ever!

[@cecilkeith1951]

@@BobbyT-yj1cw Which part of my statement makes that claim, Bobby?

[@trashaimgamer7822]

Well there is a golden line awell. The Neglegent CEO was on that trip aswell. I wish every catastrophic event caused by neglegence had the ceo of the company responsible on board. Of course I wish even more catastrophic events due to neglegence could be avoided altogether.

[@cecilkeith1951]

@@BobbyT-yj1cw "Don't trust idiots" is what I said. Can you explain how that's a "bad take"?

[@xdaniedx]

Nothing tragic about a CEO who didn't listen to his own maintenance people and fired them when they brought up huge concerns. One was the hull was supposed to be 7 inches but came from the manufacturer at only 5 inches, second was the suggestion to use an outside company to do NDT to check for cracks and fatigue, third was the window wasn't rated to endure pressure at that depth. It could endure 1300 meters depth not 4,000+ that the titanic was at. The only one I feel bad for is the 19 year old who was scared and didn't want to go but because it was father's day and his dad poking fun at him he went. The Titanic is a tomb for 1500 people who lost their lives. Not a tourist attraction for rich bored billionaires and CEO's who give the middle finger to safety just to make money.

[@LinkTheKink]

facts

[@junglecat4480]

he got what he deserved

[@fubarlife7776]

This is tragic proof just because people have money doesn't mean they have common sense! 🙄 Very sad a fifteen-year-old was forced to die over someone else's bucket list 😓

[@thatdude1435]

@@fubarlife7776 18* But yea

[@junglecat4480]

@@fubarlife7776 the father failed to protect him. he's not thinking safety for his son :( poor kid

[@johnfisher8843]

I just noticed in a photo of Stockton Rush (CEO of OceanGate) sitting in the Titan sub. What caught my eye is that one of the bracket for mounting the digital display unit looks to be screwed into the expired carbon fibber hull. If I was 6000 lbs per square inch that’s where I’d go to test the integrity of that sub. R.I.P. to all those who lost their lives.

[@davinp]

First, the CEO bought the carbon fiber from Boeing at a discount because they said it was at the end of its shelf life. Secondly, the tubular shape cannot hold up for long under that water pressure 12,500 feet below. He also built the submersible with off-the-shelf materials cheaply and did not get it certified. The carbon fiber probably weakened after several dives and suffered fatigue. Some experts had said it was unsafe, but the CEO and pilot disregarded safety warnings

[@genuinsanity]

Well ,they won't be disregarding any more safety warnings .

[@gingerdude]

​@@BobbyT-yj1cwit imploded mate, all five men are liquid now

[@cjthegood9342]

​@BobbyT-yj1cw no. The debris field has been found, and small bits and pieces of the internal pressure chamber have been found among the debris. They are gone, and they never even felt pain/knew what was going on. implosion happened so fast that their brain literally didn't have the opportunity to send signals and prosses the situation.

[@danieleriksson1657]

"CEO and pilot disregarded safety warnings" - Yes, just like the captain of Titanic did, people never learns...

[@exit6ban]

@@BobbyT-yj1cwbro what 😭

[@jagheterhopp]

The sensors for the carbon-fiber is just tricking you into thinking you're safe. As James Cameron said that if you need sensors to know that the hull is breaking, there's something seriously wrong with your design

[@jimbobeire]

they're the type of thing that would be useful if you're close to the surface, and have an escape hatch. Knowing the hull is about to crumple isn't much use when you're that deep. No chance of getting back to shallow water in time.

[@josephwoolley685]

​@@jimbobeireNo chance of doing anything as they were bolted into the sub from outside

[@bodhi-pickahfilecoinlurker5964]

Im sure the system detected a anomaly somewhere in the 65 milliseconds it took for the implosion to occur

[@jagheterhopp]

@@jimbobeire Carbon-fiber is excellent for many things but i wonder how long the hull would have lasted if they never went that deep

[@zkilla4611]

He probably got the warning. Then boom.

[@ianstobie]

Wow! That letter at 3:24 from the Marine Technology Society shows that even back in 2018 many people in the industry knew the way this was going. This tragedy was foreseen.

[@instagramsci9615]

Stockton knew what he was doing . He knows exactly what he want

[@been_rly_n2_paragliding_lately]

"inb4 this jackass gets someone killed and makes our industry look really bad"

[@youflatscreentube]

….planned.

[@efbon3]

Unfortunately the CEO didn't live long enough to regret his mistake

[@Drop-Dead-Fred-Did-It]

Terrifying that the sued & slandered him into silence. So he couldn’t report them.

[@TanyaSapienVintage]

The criticism on the game controller wasn't on that it existed, it was on the specific model he was using. It apparently had a reputation for bad connectivity

[@thedude4795]

haha

[@Oystein87]

Yes, game controllers have been used even on many billion dollar equipment too so that part is not so weird to me. But they should have used a wired xbox or Playstation controller instead. Those are proven to be quite stable and handles harsh use etc. That is why many use them for so many things. They are perfect for alot of things. But the Logitech controller is not nearly as good.

[@madeliner1682]

The problem is also that every piece of equipment on a sub needs to be 100% certified to not be a spark hazard under any circumstance

[@Oystein87]

@@madeliner1682 Yes, most logical people understand that but his (and my) comment was specificly about the controller...

[@DoctressCalibrator]

What the fuck are you on about? No respectable, certified deep-submergence vehicle would EVER use a fucking game controller to control its movement.

[@BoyProdigyX]

I love how you usually add "-gate" to the end of something to imply scandal (like Watergate or deflate-gate), and they went and named THEMSELVES OceanGate...

[@alexshatner3907]

They should have named it "Death Gate"

[@jajanesaddictions]

Cults also use gate in their names. e.g. Heaven's Gate

[@t3hgir]

ironic

[@Solo-vm8pd]

I thought the same when I first heard the name

[@alexshatner3907]

@@jajanesaddictions Wow had not thought about that, maybe death is related to the naming of it

[@lockedasian]

Stockton Rush couldn't afford rolls of interwoven carbon fiber material, so he skipped the interweaving process of making the material and took the raw strands of carbon fiber and wrapped it around the pressure cylinder like a spool of thread , adding epoxy. Cross- interweaving the fibers is the most important process to achieve strength, similar to cross-interweaving threads to make a piece of fabric. It's in the video of him during the manufacturing process.

[@RawOlympia]

yikes!

[@darrylpioch2055]

Even worse is it would have been even easier and probably cheaper to just cast a 5 inch thick solid steel tank + cast a lid for it. Like every other sub ever. And done! They could have gone to the deepest known point in the ocean with that if they wanted to and it would never fail even after thousnds of dives. Sometimes conventional materials are better and this is one of those things

[@strammerdetlef]

exactly. also u could see many air bubbles enclosed in the carbon hull in a video, horrible standards.

[@strammerdetlef]

@@darrylpioch2055 im not sure that it would have been cheaper with the right high quality steel, as far as I think that rush guy was cutting cost corners everywhere I would bet that carbon method was cheaper than steel overall

[@ruisilva3317]

I think the pressure cylinder you mention was merely a mold to wrap it around, then removed once the carbon fiber was cured. See the ends of said mould, thos eends don't exist with the drawing of hoe the tube was glued into the titanium end caps so it must've been a mould to wrap the carbon fiber, which sounds even more insane.

[@kenxiong6830]

Comparing a Logitech gaming remote to a remote used by military is like comparing the model T to a Tesla. Military equipment are tested in all conditions to ensure they properly work

[@RawOlympia]

And has cradle to grave monitoring from inception to storage, delivery, etc. All parts.

[@unwoke1652]

The Model T was better built than the Tesla.....try a better analogy, perhaps

[@kenxiong6830]

@@unwoke1652 you are a dumba$$. The model T was built on an assembly line with little quality control.

[@ebolawarrior451]

Subs use Xbox.

[@kenxiong6830]

@@ebolawarrior451 not off the shelf and definitely not for controlling movement

[@Nepomniachtchi_Austin]

With respect to that railroad container collapsing, it's a good representation, but at only 1 atmosphere it's nothing close to how catastrophic the implosion of that tiny submersible would've been at that depth.

[@berto1014]

The vacuum in the container made the differential pressure much higher than 1 atm. But I do agree that it didn't implode as forcibly as that sub did.

[@PoeticJusticeSC]

​@@berto1014A complete vacuum is 0 ATM. Assuming it's outside at sea level the air pushing on in it is 1 ATM. That's a 1 ATM difference. Every 10 meters of depth is roughly 1 ATM. So at close to 4,000 m that would be roughly 400 ATM outside and 1 ATM inside the submersible. That's huge!

[@berto1014]

@@PoeticJusticeSC you're right. Not sure why I thought vacuum would be negative pressure lol.

[@PoeticJusticeSC]

@@berto1014 I think it's human nature as in our normal experience it feels like vacuum's have their own energy that sucks things in, when in fact it is just the atmospheric pressure pushing in.

[@RCTPatriot75]

The acoustic monitoring system is the equivalent of the executioner asking if you are ready as he's throwing the switch.

[@phil4986]

Or bells on the executioner's arms as he drops the axe on your neck.

[@Q-432hz]

💯 Correct

[@p4n23r]

I believe that the 5 poor soul heard the crack but it happens so fast, the titan do not have enough time to surface.

[@somethingsomething404]

@@p4n23rI heard someone who went on it last year said it made cracking sounds the whole way down but Stockton said “don’t worry there’s 5 inches of carbon fibre”

[@OscarTheScrapper]

Dying on a dildo shape sumergible hilarious deaths of the century..

[@JCPatrick]

Well, considering what Rush said about safety, I don’t think he truly understood that you can’t just disregard rules… especially when they’re actual calculations and proven to fail. He literally said “I think I can do this just as safely by breaking the rules”..

[@kingtutankhamun402]

Watching this inspires me to build my own submarine. I think I shall make the hull out of paper mache spray painted with Flex Seal & steer it with an old bicycle handlebar. As for the portholes I think a couple of glass block windows from Home Depot should suffice. Wish me luck!

[@rq4740]

Good luck bro, R.I.P.

[@julianmetcalfe1070]

just be sure to use some quality sealant in between the glass blocks as cement may fail on you safety first

[@mothernaturesapothecary]

😂😭😂😭

[@mothernaturesapothecary]

@@rq4740😂😂😭

[@ВладиславВладислав-и4ю]

I think it will work at a depth of up to ten meters.

[@Websitedr]

Sadly he'll never know it ended up failing. Just because this thing worked a few times before doesn't mean it was able to handle repeat exposure to such pressure and not come apart.

[@frankiethefrog1752]

@@vaultslayer9162is this newly released information? You’re the only one saying this. Ocean gate employee??

[@danke1150]

@@vaultslayer9162 It was the hull, they found it in pieces all over the ocean floor.

[@user-pm2bh9ol8w]

The scary thing is they probably knew - the sub started to ascend before it was lost

[@zanag.9226]

@@user-pm2bh9ol8w They did? 😮 That is another new information.

[@jakehildebrand1824]

​@@vaultslayer9162less than half. Closer to one third.

[@patrickstarr2428]

To be clear, USN Virginia class submarines do not use game controllers to steer the vessels. However, they do use Xbox controllers to operate their periscopes.

[@todayisdomingo]

interesting info

[@commanderspock5983]

Xbox controllers are also used to fly military drones.

[@OfficialSamuelC]

Xbox controllers are using for flying drones though, some tanks have them in for certain guided missiles. They’re reliable enough and the analogs sensitivity helpful. No point reinventing the wheel when Microsoft/Sony have put so much funding and years of research into perfecting the controllers.

[@davidelliott5843]

The sun was not killed by a faulty game controller.

[@saturday1066]

wireless?

[@paulelledge8977]

There is a huge difference between a game controller controlling the viewing scope on a Virginia class sub and your main sub controls.

[@DeusVivit]

There is nothing wrong with having a video game controller as the controller. The issues lie in it 1.) Being Logitech a notoriously bad company and 2.) It being wireless.

[@johnwarwick4105]

Why do people keep harping on about a bloody game controller its totally irrelevant. Any automated equipment uses commercial software and equipment you don’t reinvent your own for each job. A bespoke unit is far more likely to fail, after all these units have been fully tested by 10’s of millions of people

[@ulrichkalber9039]

​@@johnwarwick4105 false. The bespoke controller would have been tested and certified for being reliable and no fire hazard. An of the shelf game controller is built to a budget and if it fails will not kill anyone, because of this it is not built very reliable and not certified. You can not trust your life on one.

[@johnwarwick4105]

@@ulrichkalber9039 well if it turns out it was the controller that killed then I will eat my words

[@taumctauface1886]

​@@johnwarwick4105 gaming controllers goes through far less rigorous testing than a controller that is designed to pilot a submersible, no ones asking to reinvent the wheel. There saying it's incredibly irresponsible to use a device that has no where close to enough backup or safety features on it to justify it's use in a vehicle of any kind let alone a craft that is going 4000m underwater.

[@michaelcramerichliebemeinl5150]

to me, seeing that the end-domes and the titanium rings were recovered quite intact, and also noticing that the acrylic window was blown out inclusive the retaining titanium ring that held that window in its place and its bolts, that tells the story all to well. The carbon fibre part of the vessel crushed in on itself and then the air inside this compartment blew out the acrylic window from the inside out like a champagne cork. All that with such a force that it even dismounted the retaining titanium ring and the bolts holding it. What I really can`t get my head around is, that they did just parallel layers of the carbon fibre and not criss-crossed them. Most likely this wouldn`t be strong enough either, but it for sure would have increased the amount of pressure the hull would have been able to take by a lot.

[@tonyg3091]

All I can say is that I have seen fishing rods and bicycles made better than this thingy.

[@roberine7241]

the problem was likely not just the pressure. it was the fact this submarine had done a few dives and the carbon fibre had taken damage due to the pressure and the changes in pressure on previous dives.

[@jenniturtleburger3708]

Having sensors to tell whether there was buckling was just crazy. That’s like taking a picture of a car flipping through the air in an accident.

[@ublade82]

But it might give you time to react like jettisoning ballast or having a winch pull you up, so your liquified and vaporized remains float to the surface instead of sinking to the bottom

[@friedpickles342]

While you're in the car. Lolol

[@juankahoy]

it wouldve told them to cancel the dive and not go any deeper. couldve actually given them a chance

[@dv2483]

@@juankahoy not really... the proces changes the integrity once it starts. when you measure it, it's too late.

[@tuananhhoang7113]

@@juankahoy so that their remain could be retrieve ? I mean by the point that alarm goes off, it had already been too late for whoever was sitting inside that death trap.

[@babayega_]

It was mentioned that the Titan dropped it's weights few seconds before the implosion. So odds are that they started to hear some type of crackling sounds either from the hull or from the glass viewing window. So the operator must likely dropped the weight to immediately surface but it was too late. The unit was already too far damaged and it gave way and imploded.

[@bobabooey4537]

Gee, thanks.

[@Corey-pd3mi]

That’s pure speculation, there’s no way of knowing that

[@andrew_koala2974]

It is TITAN and not Titan Pay attention to detail - Learn that ONLY the name of a Living soul is in mixed Case Letters\ You are ignorant of High-Level English and Law Your knowledge of the English language is at peasant level - That is what is taught as common Street English at your CORPORATE GOVERNMENT school - and that is all you know - because you FAILED to read and educate yourself to a higher level. So make sure you learn this today

[@speedyd8150]

​@@Corey-pd3miIt's fact that they dropped their weights to try and resurface. Why else would they try to resurface so quick?

[@RuFi0000000]

This is what happened: *crack* Passenger 1: What was that? Stockton: _expression of dread, looking toward the ceiling_ Passenger 1: Stockton, what _was that?!_ Sulaiman Dawood: Dad?!..... _begins to cry_ Stockton: Oh my g- *CRUNCH*

[@therickman1990]

From what I found is that the viewing window was certified for the right depth, but Oceangate came up with it's own window framing that wasn't certified and didn't meet quality standards so the manufacturer of the window only quaranteed 1300 meters of depth. Also, I read somewhere that on past dives, passengers could hear popping and cracking during the descend. Rush would say that it was fine, but it is now believed the sound was from the carbonfibre delaminating

[@samholdsworth420]

Only a fool would have gotten in that "submarine"..... This thing is no Alvin...

[@anxietyfox4322]

This is the thing that I find the most annoying when people call Rush an explorer or an innovator or whatever. No, when you're doing something incredibly dangerous where one false move will kill you and everyone with you, you don't get to just shrug at the weird sound inside the hull when the hull itself is delaminating. He obviously was someone who didn't know enough about deep sea exploration or the engineering that goes into it, didn't care to know, and instead just took his chances. Believing that it'll be fine is not an option when you're going to space or the deep sea, this is where real adults have to come in and make sure every single little thing we can foresee has been accounted for. He took a massive risk either out of ignorance of the dangers or sheer fucking hubris, and he shouldn't be let off the hook in either case.

[@tookitogo]

@@anxietyfox4322Well, we can’t hold him to account, since he, um, left us.

[@appletherapy]

Thats probibly exactly what it was

[@anonymousprepper1463]

@@anxietyfox4322 keep him on the hook, if you can find him

[@MVK_GS]

@5:55 the narrator mentions that using wireless controllers is quite common in military applications. Let me add much needed context here. Yes, the military (I served 20 years) uses wireless controllers, but never to control aircraft, land vehicles, nor submersibles that have humans as a payload. It's one thing to control a small drone (like the type an infantry squad may carry), or an EOD robot with such a control, but quite another to try and control a helicopter carrying 16 people, or a submersible carrying 5 with a wireless off-the-shelf (and later modified) game controller. As for the Virginia Class submarine, the only thing that the controller they have implemented is used to control is the optical sensor system (a two-photonics mast) used to see outside, not the actual operation of the submarine.

[@IchBinDasBrot]

Thanks for your serve🫡❤️

[@NoahSpurrier]

They also didn’t use cross fibers. That was insane. This thing probably split along the fibers like a pack of crackers.

[@prezadent1]

like a pack of crackers? shredded wheat maybe?

[@brianglade848]

Prob those orange crackers when we were kids....I concur

[@MrBrokoli99]

its funny how us "non engineers" notice 10 things wrong with the design just via a youtube video...but those guys designing it didn't...so many things wrong...

[@TeddyBear-ii4yc]

@@MrBrokoli99 Exactly! It can't be right. The whole idea behind multi-layer cf or fibreglass is that the different directions incorporate strength for each direction!

[@biocaster777]

@@MrBrokoli99 Actual engineers also noticed it...But they got fired after they bring the concern to the CEO who was also in the sub after he fired them.

[@johnbrandon859]

The best technical explanation of the Titan I have seen … I’m not an engineer, but I understood everything you described … thank you … well done young man.

[@loupgarou-dj3tm]

You can make a pressure vessel out of carbon fiber, but not a vacuum vessel. It can hold pressure in because the expansion of the vessel puts the fibers under tension, where they're strong. When it's put under external pressure, the fibers are slack and do nothing. The only strength comes from the layers of glue. It's a brittle plastic tube with layers of cloth. Of course it failed. The two materials are held together by mechanical bonding between their surface irregularities, and when the material expands and contracts, the layers will slip past each other and delaminate. The unsupported layers of glue will then crack. This thing was disintegrating every time it went down.

[@cecilkeith1951]

This comment has taught me more about carbon fiber than Stockton evidently knew. Thanks for the info, I'm off to build a sub! (JOKING)

[@lukewalker1051]

@@cecilkeith1951 I am sure Stockton was told this countless times by engineers who understand composites. It is a fundamental of carbon fiber.

[@peng364]

@@cecilkeith1951i doubt you would build a sub worse than his LOL

[@KrustyKlown]

But "Carbon Fiber" sounds COOL and High Tech!!! It was even more Stupid that the vessel wasn't spherical, at least START with the strongest shape.

[@macsmith2013]

​@@lukewalker1051Stockton knew, or else he wouldn't have built those sensors into the hull. He was cheap and hoped to cheat physics. His choice, whatever. But taking others down with him (literally) without making them fully aware of the danger is unforgivable.

[@xavierandradev]

The game controller was totally a risk, especially for fire. Just think that it contains a lithium ion battery inside and has not been designed for or tested in marine environments. The US Navy uses controllers that are wired, according to the pictures, and they were probably tested extensively.

[@stingingmetal9648]

Also, what kind of Air were they breathing? Was it oxygen enriched?

[@beverlythompson8387]

Excellent example of cheap

[@stephernoodle]

Everything inside that sub was a fire hazard tbh, didn’t he say the lights were just bought from Camping World?

[@naomiwashburn358]

In all fairness, that logitech controller was probably the best tested, most reliable part of that whole sub.

[@marsalah70]

Still I don't trust that Bluetooth. I'm sticking into wires

[@multosakalye]

The 20-year old that was supposed to be on that final expedition (but called it off along with his dad) already had the foresight to know that this voyage was bonkers.

[@daveroberts7295]

Probably found the controversy on the internet and told his dad there is something wrong with this sub. A good executive listens to his advisors.

[@Nellie-Helen]

💯💯💯💯💯☹️

[@theseaswell6497]

I've watched a dozen or so videos on this submersible, and this is by far the most comprehensive and most lucidly explained video on youtube.

[@Dazzlin826]

I totally agree

[@Badhumortophat]

I’ve read the last messages and the submarine’s last message was “Bus one failed, generating power at bus two instead.” After that no updates came, meaning that they likely also got a blackout since I think the communication stopped after all the electrical busses failed.

[@stealthassasin1day291]

The layering of the carbon fiber was one issue but also layering different materials together made it even worse.

[@brianglade848]

Doon doon doon dadadoon soon.....under pressure......

[@MrCpolzin]

@@presidenteden6498 That's exactly what I thought after watching them glue the parts together. The short overlap and no bolts did not look confidence inspiring..

[@KeithChegwin24]

@@MrCpolzin It's likely he was relying on the ability of the titanium to shrink under pressure to form a seal to the rigid carbon fibre.

[@MrCpolzin]

@@KeithChegwin24 Interesting, I don't understand how titanium and carbon fibre works at all. If it wasn't that then I guess it was the window or the carbon fibre laying technique then. It's gotta be one of the three..

[@MrCpolzin]

@@presidenteden6498 I totally agree 👍

[@claudebaker1846]

Its good to see so many submersible experts on youtube since all this has happened.

[@alemswazzu]

Amazing, such a small community, yet they've taken the time to post on every single video about the sub. Usually start with "The problem is" or "The didn't work because.." The biggest difference is.. " Or my favorite, just posting a bunch of physics formulas from Wikipedia.

[@jackcollis7258]

"the game controller is actually normal in military application"... yeah you'd definitely see this controller being used as a single point of failure where said failure could be life-threatening...

[@buckhorncortez]

@@jackcollis7258 Was the sub lost because of the controller? Or, is this just the standard KZbin Internet expert comment because it's an easy cheap shot...?

[@4336aaa]

It's easy to pretend you're an expert on YT.

[@jackcollis7258]

@@buckhorncortez What difference does it make if the vessel was or wasn't lost because of the controller? We can still be critical of it Not a cheap shot, many people have repeated this but games controller are used in military application where the thing they are controlling is not mission critical or your very life support

[@HGenesisV6]

The catastrophic loss of pressure most probably came from the fact that they used 3 different materials for the sub that have different expansion/contraction characteristics which are hard to simulate. So at the joints of these materials (plexiglass, titanium and carbon fiber) the failure most probably happened.

[@volvo09]

I would be real skeptical of the CF to end cap connection. The other thing that scares me is the carbon fiber being laid in a single direction, I've never seen that done before, it's always a back and forth weave. Both look like a problem over time.

[@wapted]

Carbon fiber is amazing in tension - but very bad in compression, where the matrix does all the work and not the fibres. Hence the rule don't use carbon fiber for submersibles - especially not combined with titanium as you say.

[@hotdog9262]

my guess would be the glued-on domes failing in the seems to the carbon fiber

[@memes3874]

wasn't it a very quick increase in pressure?

[@leecowell8165]

@@volvo09 Yep.. typically 45 degree patterns, not 180.

[@Mr_Slime842]

Game controllers might be more commonly used than people think, but it's still worth pointing out they were using cheap wireless 12-year-old design that's had complaints about it's connectivity since it was released. It had nothing to do with what went wrong but it's a perfect example of how they operated.

[@chelscara]

I just remember when studying aerospace engineering, we had a whole class about how the atmosphere will try to destroy your build both on earth and in space. I would imagine the same kind of class would exist when studying marine engineering, and it seems like any information given was only half listened to.

[@CooManTunes]

I don't remember aerospace engineering, since I never took it. I never had a whole class about anything related to it. I wouldn't imagine any kind of marine engineering class, either.

[@duggyfresh44]

There was a brief mention somewhere in the media about how the thick Plexiglass window was expected to flex inward a good bit. "No worries", however, as there would be a noticeable crackling noise which would alert the crew before failure would occur. I'm no engineer, but I believe that by the time an acoustic monitor detects something going wrong with the hull, or a crackling noise from the window, catastrophic failure is already underway and the craft could not be brought up far enough and fast enough to stop it. The failure rate would become exponential as breakdown potentiates further breakdown.

[@inadequateusername7280]

In every video I've seen of people documenting their Titan experience, the crew is having to perform repairs and maintenance on the craft in the middle of the ocean. In one video, communications were down and had to be fixed. I wouldn't want to go on a plane where the plane is delayed because they're in the midst of fixing it prior to take off.

[@tiahnarodriguez3809]

That’s what people are saying. The acoustic monitor isn’t reliable because by the time it picks something up, it’s already too late.

[@Dowlphin]

I haven't read up much on the incident. Was there actually audio transmissions indicating possible argument on board over worrisome signs? I would imagine that with five people on board, you'd have different levels of freakout and urge to abort the mission.

[@klausstock8020]

@@Dowlphin Stockton Rush always insistend that the crackling of the breaking carbon fibers during descent is normal and told passengers to be prepared for that noise. These noises are already present at a depth of 300ft (100m). Had anyone disbelieved Stockton Rush and freaked out, this would have happend pretty early.

[@wellheadcajun061203c]

Well said.

[@gizmoknow-how2022]

It seems like the CEO was looking for a "breathtaking" experience, given all the obvious red-flags that he ignored, even firing the engineer who raised issues on the submersible.

[@jamesklassen5285]

And was suing the engineer to boot. The very definition of an egomaniac.

[@mandrews1245]

I think it was a matter of the CEO's dream and not having enough money. He replaced senior people with recent students. He bought cheap items to make do. He probably took the man & son asap because he needed the money to keep the vessels operating. But replacing someone who warns you is not unusual. Isn't that what happened at NASA when the engineer complained about the "O" rings?

[@eightlights4939]

@mandrews1245 he replaced senior people because they were white men, and he was super duper progressive and only wanted minority hires.

[@dereksbooks]

​@@mandrews1245 he was a billionaire who had just supposedly received an $18m round of funding, with many rich friends, and foolish clients willing to spend $250k a pop. Lack of funds wasn't his biggest problem. His mental derangement and obsession with inappropriate materials and design choices, along with reckless disregard for safety, were his downfall. Even if he had been gifted a trillion dollars by genie, he still would have eventually killed himself because he was insane.

[@therealsenator]

and it was indeed "Breathe" Taking

[@thaiexpressair2115]

The Trieste was an Italian-built bathyscaphe (immersion sphere built in stainless steel at the Terni steelworks with a thickness of 12.6 cm and porthole in truncated cone quartz made at the Galileo workshops in Florence), designed in Switzerland, seen and entered into service in the United States Navy from 1958 to 1971. On January 23, 1960 he descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench achieving the human record for depth below sea level, 10,916 meters with human crew, equaled only 52 years later when the Canadian director James Cameron made the solo descent aboard the bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger. Two other boats, unmanned, had reached the same depth in the meantime, the Japanese Kaiko between 1995 and 1998 and the US Nereus in 2009. Decommissioned in 1966, the Trieste is exhibited at the Naval Museum in Washington. Stockton Rush could have come to ITALY to ask how to build a boat designed for extreme marine depths !!!!!!!!

[@RawOlympia]

Bravissimo!

[@azerty1933]

That seems like one cool submarine

[@Hartwig870]

Yeah, but that isn't "innovative". I'd much rather be turned into human toothpaste in 1/1000th of a second.

[@raoulmoat6762]

The ironic thing was that even if Stockton and his crew would have miraculously survived, Stockton was so arrogant he would have just laughed it off and said “it’s because of this or that” and continued to use the dangerous carbon fibre even though he just nearly died he would have doubled down and whereas a normal person would have apologised to the crew profusely, given them a full refund, and stopped using the dangerous contraption, he would have done none of that. He was out to prove everyone wrong and it cost him and his crew their lives.

[@cassiehobbs5751]

He would continued dives until something broke.

[@psychiatry-is-eugenics]

Typical ashhole boss

[@gargamel3393]

I'm not a deep sea oceanic engineer or anything, but I don't get why they just didn't spend the extra money (they could probably afford it) and instead of 5 in. of carbon fiber, build it out of something strong and light, like 12 inches of titanium. Maybe that's unrealistic?

[@mikaelav8964]

@@gargamel3393 too heavy....its a submersible not a real sub. but I agree should have use titanium at the very min instead of just the two end pieces smh.

[@raoulmoat6762]

@@gargamel3393 yeah exactly, use an established material that is proven rather than something new so you can 'pretend' you're an innovator, unfortunately this type of mindset cost people their lives, it's like Stockton just wanted to use the carbon fiber so he could have the gloating rights, regardless of it's safety he didn't want to use a material other subs were using which was a dangerous thing to do.

[@outlawz38]

They didn't just give the middle finger to safety, they also gave the middle finger to physics. Physics is undefeated.

[@stevenverrall4527]

Physics showed them who's da boss!

[@DaveGamesVT]

Yeah, people were joking about the controller but I honestly think that was the best made thing on that sub.

[@teenapittman4241]

The controller company, at least, had specific standards governing their product.

[@vasiovasio]

Yes, the sad truth...

[@myblujl7503]

I think one thing that should be explored is the interface between the metal and carbon. The two materials are VERY different and act compleatly different when exposed to various physical elements. Even the shrink/expansion from heat can be wildly different. Its something Boeing and Airbus have been dealing with composite aircraft for years and is considered a closely guarded secret just due to its value. Even they have problems and a batch of 787's had to be recalled and fixed due to one of these bonds between the wing and body separating due to different stresses.

[@johnkruton9708]

Boeing Employees : 🙈🙊🙉🐵

[@Trusty_Steed]

Carbon fatigue is an issue

[@les8489]

@@Trusty_Steed Actually - it is not, if the maximum strain does not exceed (give or take) about 3000 microstrains.

[@strammerdetlef]

@@les8489 actually as we can see from the outcome - it IS

[@les8489]

@@strammerdetlef We do not know what we have seen yet - apart from the fact that the sub was destroyed. And composite is pretty much insensitive to fatigue - if it works below 3000 microstrain. I have data for this. If you have data which would contradict what I said - please direct me. Never too late to learn - even after 40 years in composite engineering and analysis.

[@bindiboo1077]

As an unmanned submersible, it is an interesting idea. If the materials and manufacturing are cheaper, and the submersible is lighter and easier to carry and deploy, it could lead to faster development of deep sea exploration. But as a manned submersible, hell no!

[@danieldupuys2002]

Why don't use a forged alloy thick tube, whith sealed and bolted ends for lighter construction? main problems: corrosion resistance in sea water and probably t°expansions in very cold water: - 2°C at - 4000 meters.

[@fredjones7705]

Why would you need a pressure vessal on an unmanned craft?

[@HeatherRose2023]

@@danieldupuys2002 I’m not an engineer, but a tube of any kind sounds like a submarine, to me.

[@steamingpileofgarbage1582]

@@HeatherRose2023 damn you got submarines in your toilet

[@cyliax]

I wonder how it feels, as a former passenger of this submarine, which, after all, despite all these weaknesses, has made some dives. Must feel like a second life. It's tragic what happened, but also incredible how often it went well.

[@maddiesmusings]

I get what you mean and do agree, but also 6 out of 7 times successful doesn’t exactly indicate “super often”

[@francescturon]

Its precisely 20 times so yes, quite often

[@cecilkeith1951]

Look up "survivors guilt". They're probably blaming themselves for not saying more about it, honestly. It's not their fault, but that's how that guilt manifests.

[@bfr123456]

The fact that this fool Rush had to prime the passengers for the “popping and cracking” sounds they would hear and tell them it was fine must replay over and over in the former clients minds.

[@fenrirgg]

​@@bfr123456James Cameron dived 11k meters in a cracking full of problems submarine made by the most brilliant submarine minds of the world. Going to the bottom of the ocean seems more dangerous than going to space! Still we all learned that a successful submersion doesn't mean the submarine is safe, it means the next dive will be more dangerous! That's terrifying! 😅

[@Elizadoolittle1948]

I've never heard so many different ways to describe massive pressure being applied than I have over the last few days. A lot of them seem to include elephants 😂 yours was particularly interesting. Thanks for making this. It was great.

[@WillSing4TP]

One article said the pressure on the Titan would have been the equivalent to the weight of the Eiffel Tower.

[@unnamedchannel1237]

Not funny

[@gizmo-xc4eb]

Go back up and read the comments. Some these people explain it very well

[@andrew_koala2974]

A collection of innocent animals - including elephants were deliberately electrocuted See: Topsy (elephant) {_en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsy_(elephant)

[@KrustyKlown]

Elephant standing with 1000 Elephants on it's back. ... I think sounds more impressive, than standing on one foot.

[@k_enn]

Designed to go as deep as 4,000 meters, but the viewing port was only designed to withstand pressure at 1,300 meters, What more needs to be said about the quality of the design.

[@frederickwelham3829]

It should be noted that the rail car tank was collapsed by a partial vacuum on the inside with atmospheric pressure on the outside, creating a maximum possible pressure differential of less than 1 Bar. At the depth of the Titanic the submersible would have been subjected to a pressure differential exceeding 350 bar.

[@garrymullins]

Is it directly comparable though? It's a lot easier to compress near-nothing (a vacuum) than whatever else may be inside (air, bodies, technology).

[@ItachiUchiha-lr3yr]

@@garrymullins Yes at that depth though it evryting with air in it would have imploded but looked like exploded in a few milleseconds.

[@FerociousMoOoO]

@@garrymullins When you reach the stress limit of Carbon fiber it doesn't bend and deform before it fails like metals do, and when it fails it does so extremely quickly, we are talking around 3 milliseconds, that's quicker than the steel tank in the video took to crush. This kinda good news for the people on the Titan, as they would have been dead before they even knew that there was a problem. All in all, that would be the least traumatic and painful way for them to have gone. Also yea water pressure at the depth the Titanic is at is about 400x that of the pressure at sea level. That submersible was pressurized to about 1 atmosphere (i.e. same pressure as at sea level). When you are dealing with pressure differentials that large, it really doesn't matter that the sub was pressurised or that there was stuff in it. It's gonna crush like tinfoil and then explode (because for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction).

[@EricDaMAJ]

Yep. Everyone inside likely got squirted out of the imploding sub reduced to their cellular components. The natural acidity in the ocean would've done the rest. It's unlikely any fish got a meal from them at all.

[@bobgteen6496]

Hahaha 😅

[@edrose5045]

Thr game controller is fine to use for auxilliary systems, but as the primary method of control its utterly insane. Especially since it's wireless - what a crazy single point of failure to have, especially when trying not to crash into a wreck

[@foot1221]

Why does everyone keep getting stuck on this? They had extra controllers and computers. And the controls aren't what failed and killed them. What should they have done instead in that cramped space? Remember this is a tourist trip - everyone wants a chance to "pilot" the sub for a bit, so good luck using anything else. The CEO is an idiot for the hull design and relying too much on those little sound sensors - but the game controller is just a good idea. And good marketing too, apparently, because they've gained meme status.

[@KrustyKlown]

"Low Battery" ... never would happen, lol.

[@talyrath]

Why do we keep getting stuck on this? Have you ever played a video game with a handheld controller? They don't fail safe. Everyone has an experience where the controller glitched and their character got stuck for a few seconds either going in a straight line or spinning in circles until the connection reset. Imagine doing that in a sub. Now imagine doing it in a sub that is covered in loose cables and snag hazards near a wreck. Game controllers are used everywhere, but never as the primary/sole means of controlling a vehicle with people on board.

[@pdjinne65]

I have two of these F710 logitech controllers and they lose connection on a regular basis. They are the LEAST reliable game controllers I know. Why use those? I fell from my chair when I saw that. Probably not the ultimate failure point, but it shows the man's disregard for safety pretty clearly.

[@mightyowl9246]

⁠​⁠​⁠​⁠@@foot1221 the problem isn’t the inherent idea of using a game controller its the quality of the one they chose and the lack of redundancy They should have had several secondary input method in case of failure if it was me I would have had 5 usb controllers stashed on board just in case. usb to reduce failure points

[@c.w.8200]

I just watched a video about the "Limiting Factor", a submersible that can go to the deepest parts of the ocean, the way this was engineered compared to the Titan is night and day, the difference between sparing no expenses and hiring the most qualified professionals and throwing something together for cheap hiring only inexperienced college grads because they don't talk back.

[@TheMotorGuyDirect]

@@thisColdDecemberwell he ended up proving his detractors point.

[@devanshshah7011]

Mind u, the dead CEO/Designer of the Titan was also a Princeton graduate in engineering. The difference being he wanted his sub to be as simple as possible as evident by the lack of complex systems. This mentality made him cut corners & not fully utilize his engineering expertise. This was grossly negligent & stupid

[@fish41101]

@@devanshshah7011 He held a degree in aerospace engineering which is very different from ocean engineering. His arrogance and refusal to listen to subject matter experts is what got him and the rest of his crew killed.

[@kornisonkiseli3248]

But think of diversity!

[@meself349]

​@@kornisonkiseli3248Trump?

[@banksy2870]

Army, navy and submaries use some type of game-controllers but those ones are specially made and for simpler tasks such as guiding a drone, etc. They dont use Logitech game-controllers and they dont use it for manned vehicular missions or other serious purposes. Also, the game controllers they use are much more finely-tuned and not at all similar to the game-controllers used by general public. You should correct this info in your video.

[@adamwatson6916]

Also those controllers are usually not wireless .

[@Andrew-rz6hh]

The least he could have done is gotten a ps5 pro or Xbox pro controller. Why in the world a cheap Logitech. Just shows the kind of corners he was ok with cutting.

[@jamesricker3997]

They also aren't wireless

[@gailmcn]

banksy2870, very true, in addition, no submarines are running their controls off Bluetooth, they are wired and have backups, as well as state of the art spark retardant, which consumer game controllers don't.

[@curious5661]

I figured this was the case since there's been several experts that have told the same same thing. Plus dont these commercial controllers have a Lithium Ion battery battery inside them? Since those are quite volatile and a potential fire hazard. Fire is bad enough on a surface vessel let alone a submersible. And even if they dont cause a fire those batteries can produce a ton of toxic smoke when they fail which I would wager is bad news when you are in a confined space.

[@nonmihiseddeo4181]

(3:26) The problem is that the buckling occurs a millisecond before the implosion. Assuming you could hear it, it'd be too late.

[@fredharvey2720]

They knew something as they were trying to abort

[@LinkTheKink]

clearly not because they released one of the weights so they knew something was bout to happen atleast thats what was reported in the computer system

[@ironlionzion1380]

Seems that all the Cooper Union, Caltech and MIT mechanics and physics experts descended on the comments section here

[@alemswazzu]

​@@ironlionzion1380ya, I thoroughly enjoy so many experts taking the time to explain what happened exactly. Although often they all have different answers. There are likely answers but it's all speculation.

[@tibor29]

@@LinkTheKink Source? I can't find anything on the internet about that.

[@downfromthereeefters]

The analogy I use for this situation is it was like taking a kid’s canoe and trying to go deep sea fishing in rough weather. Is it possible you come back? Yes. Are your chances so bad it’s literally not worth it? Yes.

[@jackasmaracas4362]

The analogy I'd use is "If you're rich enough to make the world your playground, don't be shocked when you get your balls caught in the see-saw."

[@pkmain2708]

@@jackasmaracas4362 how does one catch their balls on a see-saw?

[@kayeb222]

​@@pkmain2708Hmmm. Gravity coupled with an awkward landing perhaps?

[@WellWisdom.]

The most clear and comprehensive video on this topic I've seen to date.

[@robertollier3085]

Someone told me that Titan had a titanium tub, which made me wonder how it could have failed, and how the carbon fibre was used in the build. Now understanding that the pressure hull was constructed from carbon fibre, I am genuinely surprised that anyone was willing to pilot it to several kilometres of depth.

[@JojoFasold]

It so scary to watch previous dives at 4000 m

[@garden0fstone736]

It was both

[@SteveRCPilot]

It was a miracle it did that dive even one time and it did it several times.

[@Celestes_Nest]

Dare devils

[@jasonnelms4556]

You should clarify regarding the military submarines that the gaming controller doesn't control the entire sub. That would be impossible. They use them to control the photonic mast or what used to be called a periscope but with cameras.

[@Muffin_Masher]

also there is generally another way to control the system if the controller fails. Stockton Rush's backup plan was apparently just keeping multiple controllers, which doesn't help you at all when BLUETOOTH is the problem :P Bluetooth is so unreliable it is literally the reason that wireless mice and keyboards are still strongly hated, and any decent wireless devices have not used bluetooth for nearly a decade, instead using WiFi, but bluetooth is THAT bad that people still have PTSD. Next problem.....Logitech...... no other manufacturer comes close to Logitech's RMA rate..... take six of their products down to the titanic and I would be amazed if even one of them actually works, it's generally more like one in twenty to get a Logitech product that isn't dead in the box :D

[@tarkov666]

​@@Muffin_Masherthere was something saying it had a wired backup but no idea what that meant

[@jasonnelms4556]

@Muffin_Masher I've been making those same exact arguments. Use a gaming controller, fine. But ise a good one that's wired in. And yeah, Logitech, that was a huge red flag in itself.

[@LtNduati]

I studied engineering in college, but never went into the field - but after thinking about this, for about two days, a novice, such as myself is already asking, why would an acoustic monitoring system even matter in alerting the crew of the hule deforming - it's a carbon fiber construction and *_Carbon Fiber doesn't buckle - it shatters into millions of splinters when it fails_*

[@Dowlphin]

I only need my personal version of common sense to understand that carbon fiber is generally the wrong material for this type of application. It is an inhomogenous composite, thus has many tiny attack points where forces can creep through and cause a failure cascade. But in a stupid, (green) efficiency obsessed world where people also want to use LEDs for flood lights, nothing surprises me. This is Idiocracy approach phase.

[@klausstock8020]

Whenever the Titan reached a depth of 100m (300ft), the carbon fibers began to make a funny noise. Rush told passengers to be prepared for the sounds that the sub's carbon fiber makes and insisted that these sounds were normal. So the crew had the acoustic warning pretty early on, but they chose to ignore the sounds of breaking carbon fibers.

[@nobodyimportant7804]

@@klausstock8020 Too bad we can't drag Rush back from the dead and toss him in prison, for life - for extreme negligence and criminal incompetence.

[@AbdullahHashi-kw3qj]

It was incredible that it went down many dives successfully before

[@tinashuster9983]

7 times

[@ArariaKAgelessTraveller]

It has used all its lucks

[@notmenotme614]

5:45 Your response to the controller is misleading. As the military only use a PlayStation style controller for minor and non-safety critical systems, like a small observation drone. The entire Virginia Class submarine will not be controlled this way, only slewing the periscope camera left and right. But the bottom line is, if OceanGate cheaped out on the controller, where else where they taking risks by using the cheapest option?

[@Eathus]

I think the biggest problem is likely that something udergoing deep sea stresses has to have an extremely short service life even when it's ideally built, the thing should have been replaced entirely every couple of dives because even a well built sub is going to suffer fatigue from repeatedly being exposed to that kind of pressure and then brought back up.

[@andrew_koala2974]

I would expect that two dives would have been a maximum safe limit. Beyond that the risks increase exponentially As it happened only three dives were successful - The fourth was catastrophic. Sad as it is - It was fate And we have to accept fate - being good or bad That's life Many people die in bed --- but are never afraid to enter into it

[@bettawitch4606]

It was supposed to be used once. So replaced everything time. But it never should have been those depths to begin with. Rest In Peace to Stockton Rush's victims.

[@aschneider8912]

@@andrew_koala2974 It wasn't "fate", it was negligence, it was an arrogant capitalist smelling extra profit if he cut corners on safety meaures. This sort of worldview takes the blame off the culprit. Or would you say that the holocaust was fate, or slavery, or 9/11, or the Armenian genocide? There's a real qualitative difference between "dying in bed" and "dying because some asshat put their personal gain over your safety"

[@eq2092]

The big problem is they did something new and novel without testing. Even his patented failure detection system was untested. No full size static pressure testing, no fatigue testing, no materials testing, no non destructive testing. And I would bet no environmental testing. People assume computer simulations and analysis are a substitute for testing, they are not. Especially when failure means loss of life. The CEOs arrogance is what killed him and his customer. Entrepreneurs are notorious for not being able to properly assess and account for risk.

[@MyNameIsPetch]

It doesn't have to have a short service life at all. DSV Alvin was built in 1964 and is still in use today, almost 60 years later after more than 5000 dives, the majority of which were with its original pressure chamber

[@MaxAndHisBike]

Also one time on a previous dive, there was an issue with a thruster being incorrectly wired, making the sub spin instead of going forwards. They then sent code down from the mothership to the submersible and had the crew onboard the titan fix the issue. Just think about that, you are 4km below the surface and you are editing code. Anyone who's ever written a program knows how insane this is, any small bug could lead to unexpected behaviour or a system shutdown. I work in a testing division of a large company for safety critical systems, there are easily a few hundred people employed just for testing. That's writing tests, testing the tests, sending the tested tests to another division for testing, recieving a code review of your tests and once that's cleared you have a validated test which can be used to verify the actual code itself. All that trouble and you haven't even started writing the actual code yet. That's the level of safety needed when peoples lives depend on it. And they just send code down to the sub and have someone down there change it. Think of how insane that is.

[@billbirch3748]

Worked production specialty vehicles. Engineers, testing, warranty, recalls publications. Decades and decades. No way would I go in this thing. Also did E,H&S. Rush was an eccentric engineer imo claimed on video he had it figured out against conventional wisdom and comfortable in that belief. When I was young our mothers would say "If Johnny jumped off a bridge?" This is that.

[@Meekerextreme]

They were adults, they knew the risk...LOL We don't need more rules, regulations and Government oversight for something that hasn't even been done. Life has risk, it's life.

[@Sambell3936]

Life has risks yes and reason, wisdom too? Would you take a ride in a Lamborghini with someone driving who has very poor eyesight (not wearing his glasses either on that day) has heart problems, only drove a very basic car 20 years ago etc. but says let’s go now. No you wouldn’t because that’s not risky but plain stupid if you do.

[@MrMJmusicLover]

Just like the CDC. They test the vaccine again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again.......and they know it's effective after the 50th test, but they will......test it again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again.......😏

[@gbnomore3918]

Pesky, trivial, red tape. Reports revealed that Stockton was able to circumvent such nuisances.

[@lumindraperera7716]

Thanks..Excellent explanation. Titan late CEO Rush has worked in aviation. Later had done a Degree in Aeronautical from a private campus, not Goverment/ State University. He had less fundamental knowledge on Fluid mechanics. He designed the Titan hull similar to aviation where fluid is Air. In ocean fluid is salt water with much density & water pressure at above 2500-3900 meters depth. Basic design fault of hull etc..

[@michaelpettersson4919]

According to another video I saw it appear that the choice of carbon fibre was inspired by another submersible built that way. Thing is, that one was designed for a single use and then be placed on a museum.

[@thefreedommovement]

So frustrating when these things are so easily avoidable. Like when challenger blew up. Just hours before launch they were told not to launch in the cold weather, cause it wasn’t safe. Those warnings were ignored. Risk is a given, but these are stupid risks.

[@TucsonDude]

Yeah, but there's always naysayers after every tragic event.

[@whiskii]

If one expert says no, and there's even one shred of reasonable doubt, then that should be enough to end a project even if its just temporarily. Especially when other human lives are at risk. The ones in control are just arrogant and greedy.

[@msa4548]

Sadly it takes a disaster to change policy.

[@evacody1249]

The issue with the Challenger is the people who designed it and made it said not to go up in cold weather.

[@msa4548]

@@evacody1249 but those in power were so focused on having the teacher give a lesson from space that they ignored the warnings and it was devastating.

[@Sparks52]

A Hydrogen tank has tensional stress on the tank as it's filled with compressed gas, which leverages on the material's primary strength. By complete contrast, the pressure hull was under extreme compressional stress, which is not nearly as strong as its tensional strength. Furthermore, when cured (with resin), it's very hard, extremely rigid, but brittle. Compare to steel and titanium alloys which can be hard and rigid, but have an elasticity that allows it to flex some. Stay within its elastic modulus and you're OK. Carbon fiber has near zero. It degrades when flexed. Thus, the carbon fiber was the fatal design choice as the material choice for the cylindrical portion of the pressure hull from the outset.

[@michellemartinez108]

Wow, very informative , very smart

[@protochris9260]

Just like hardening of arteries, arteriosclerosis.

[@martinmendez695]

A rope is very strong when used to pull, but you can not push anything with it.

[@pxbvic]

Spot on analysis, carbon fibre in any configuration with resin impregnation is not a great engineering material in compression...

[@megenberg8]

that is a common citation throughout the boards since Monday (6/19) yet he went ahead knowingly, even after consistent warnings and advice from very important people and world-class experts, experienced and trustworthy. many must have considered him insane, but what could be done short of having him apprehended and confiscating the vessel? who could bring themselves to even entertain such a thing? he acted alone, entirely, yet all seemed lost aforehand! even though wealthy and under the influence of dementia of some kind, I should've thought it possible to prevent the entire thing! i would have invited him to a gathering for the purpose of detaining him as the parties involved had been alerted of the danger and the vessel promptly impounded. then Mr. Rush would be served papers to cease and desist. he would be treated kindly and responsibly until the circumstances were fully resolved and the matter quit. yes, he would have to do so, immediately. it is too much. or is it?

[@jacobdorph816]

Carbon Fiber canisters can contain large pressures but are not suited for large external pressure. This must be the fundamental engineering flaw of the Titan.

[@bradbrinegar1419]

One thing I haven't heard anybody talking about is temperatures. You have a different mixture of materials like carbon fiber and titanium. Throw some rubber gasket material in there. At depth you looking at below freezing temperatures. The CF and titanium are going to expand and contract at different rates. I suspect that played a major role in the implosion of it. Just couldn't handle those kind of stresses.

[@TucsonDude]

Very good point!

[@cathybaldry7822]

Same

[@bubzilla6137]

Yeah, I watched a video of a former Navy diver explaining exactly this. The fewer different materials you have the stronger the vessel overall. That's why Navy subs don't even have port holes, only periscopes. Every extra feature is also an extra potential failure on a sub, or on a submersible.

[@jakubzaeski3874]

Quick note on the controllers: Yes, that way of controlling any vehicles is indeed very popular, however every military vehicle, robot or any other unmanned object is using they own custom made controller. Which is tested and certified as dust proof, water proof, vibration proof, crash proof and spark free design. The list goes on. So I'd say that the method of controlling is popular, not the use of the game controllers itself.

[@gabriellelopes802]

Exactly what I was thinking! The problem is not the usage of a controller, but the use of a mass produced device prone to failure. I'm so annoyed by the arguments that say "but controllers are common" missing the point of irresponsibly being cheap on a vehicle carrying people...

[@vatnikforvdv8754]

No, the listed vehicles do use exactly the game controllers. The thing is, there's always a backup option in case the gamepad fails - nobody uses it as the only interface in citical applications. Nevertheless, some companies do develop custom controllers instead off-the-shelf ones.

[@Catrik]

I was going to comment of this aswell. A commercial game controller is nowhere near as safe and reliable to be used in a situation where someone's life depends on it. And carrying spare controllers wont help you, if the controller decides to go full throttle and crash you, or the controller may have a short circuit and start smoking or catch fire, which is something you dont want 4000 m underwater.

[@kayeb222]

​@@Catrikit's bad enough when your controller locks and kills you playing a video game!!!

[@alexshatner3907]

Just curious why is it that that are wine bottle in the titanic site fully untouched and unbroken by the so called tremendous so called pressures?

[@CatholicForever1]

The only thing I really have to say for Rush is that at least he put his money where his mouth was and went down in this thing. It would have been even worse if he had just put his passengers and an employee in it and sent them down.

[@jt-rex6972]

That's because he was too dumb to know it was a death trap. He was warned about the sub not being strong enough in 2018 but instead of fixing it, he FIRED the guy who warned him!

[@W0RLDSSMALLESTVI0LIN]

​@@jt-rex6972well I think he got his karma..

[@jonbongjovi1869]

I assume he DIDN'T HAVE A CHOICE: I bet his rich customers INSIST the CEO "taste his own cooking", to ensure it truly is safe. I know i wouldn't have gone down with it if the CEO wasn't aboard.

[@hibuddywuzsup571]

There were times when he didn't go. Like the time the thruster was installed backwards and he laughed while they were stuck and trying to solve the issue. It just so happened that this time he was there.

[@konkozoolin3655]

The 2022 dive was piloted by an employee! They made a successful dive (not without problems) spending 45 minutes exploring the Titanic. The French fellow was on board as a guide.

[@x.kitsune]

Thank you for mentioning the controller.. I kept seeing mainstream news outlets talking about it as if it was the biggest issue.. when in reality it's just a way to control the sub, having 2 thumbstick joysticks vs 2 larger full hand joysticks doesn't really matter. The only thing I'd be concerned about is that it's clearly wireless, I hope they had a back up where they could directly plug it in to the system just in case the wireless failed. That's my only concern, idk why the news made such a big deal about that. They also kept calling it a PlayStation "knockoff" controller when that's not what it is, pretty sure it's just a Logitech controller (which does mimick a PlayStation controller) and for ppl who don't know, Logitech is 1 of the biggest computer gaming peripheral companies. It wasn't some cheap knockoff as far as I can tell.

[@beeble2003]

Using a game-style controller is fine. But it's spectacularly dangerous to have a crappy, consumer-grade wireless device as a single point of failure on a can of people that you have no way of retrieving from the ocean if it breaks down.

[@hiimdaisy946]

Bro, the moment I saw how the carbon fiber hull was weaved into shape and then given a paper-thin metal skin, I was like yeah, no wonder it imploded. That was a bit of a shock to witness the construction of that hull, it's scary.

[@CarolReidCA]

The carbon fiber hull was apparently glued to titanium rings, one end (the bow) with a bolt-on door, the other is hard to tell if it was solid or had a ring/door. As for buoyancy, things become morr negatively buoyant on descent. My guess is they may have found themselves in an uncontrolled descent, which may have contributed to their implosion. So many issues with this vessel, communications, etc., I wouldn't have gone inside this sub, even had I paid for a trip. The engineering was sub-par, the communications between staff and passengers for that environment, or ANY dive environment, was sub-par. It's as if they focused on the materials for each part, or pre-fab section, ignored some limitations, and went ahead with it, despite warning and safety concerns of others. You cannot play with physics limitations under water, or you will lose. The arrogance of those involved was incredible. The lack of adequacy of major safety issues makes this outcome non-surprising. Degrees and associations with agencies don't mean anything to the physics involved, thus the unsurprising implosion. These people should've known better. This sub looks like a wealthy kid tapped ut together in a garage with little knowledge of the environment. Hopefully this will show others who become engineers, divers, submariners, etc. to respect the environment, don't get kocky, and to work out communications BEFORE any dive. So much wrong with this submersible, the staff and the engineering... Having worked with submersibles, this is not a crew or submersible I would work with. I'd simply walk away.

[@jimvick8397]

I have been using carbon fiber trekking pole in freezing temperatures and had one shatter into a million webs of super sharp carbon strands will using it under load... My glove was shredded by the strands when my hand plunged into it. That being said... Is there a chance the carbon fiber while under pressure was made more brittle by the freezing water, possibly developing micro cracking that only got worse when brought into a higher temperature environment? Something like this could happen over several cycles I would imagine... and the problem I found is that when carbon fiber looses its integrity, it will catastrophically fail even at 1,000ft above sea level...

[@asopopilosopo4158]

The CEO must have been aware but ignored warnings. His company is a cash pit for years and needs to earn quick thus overlooked safety.

[@inifin8]

How did it shatter? I'm guessing under bending stress.

[@antoinemellinger]

You, Sir, have the strength of Poseidon!

[@rwirtz77]

I never liked that stuff. I worked in a machine shop and me and the owner spent many many many hours talking about different materials. It's glue, i dont trust glue.

[@RebeccaOre]

I knew about carbon fiber from bicycling and camera tripods. It doesn’t bent. It fails catastrophically when it fails. Wonderfully light, though, but pay attention to construction details.

[@ShesSoDesi]

This made the Titan submersible trip look like a suicide mission. Take yourself out and taking others with you. Still, I do believe this man's hubris was the creator of his own demise.

[@maximilian200057]

He wanted to be the next Steve Jobs, trying to simplify everything to ridiculous degrees. He was also very narcissistic and willing to take every compromise to save literal pennies when people were paying him a quarter million dollars per ticket.

[@debswatching]

Thanks for your thorough analysis of the building of the submersible, the safety features and the cutting corners that were taking place.

[@deborahphillips500]

Thank you. Although relatively brief, you provided the clearest and most thorough explanation of the Titan’s design and why it failed to meet the requirements for deep sea exploration.

[@thespencerowen]

Someone did the calculation of the speed that it collapsed, and it was less than 1ms. The temperature inside also reached thousands of degrees for a split second.

[@chrisb1047]

They were killed before the electrical signals even had a chance to reach the brain. They felt nothing at all would be like getting sucker punched and not even realizing it.

[@paulsimmonds2030]

Apparently, the speed was around 1500mph. Compressing the air, which heated to hotter than the surface of the sun! So the crew were flash-fried and then the water pulverized the crispy remains into particles smaller than grains of silt. All of this in a nanosecond.

[@DevilMaster]

I want a link to those calculations.

[@rickslife]

@@DevilMasterdoes it really matter.

[@DevilMaster]

@@rickslife Yes, because otherwise it means OP lied.

[@NotDecided420]

I saw an interview. And it's interesting because it hasn't been mentioned since. But James Cameron said that it had dropped weight and was on an emergency ascent. Probably after hearing some sounds they didn't like. So apparently, they radio'd the ship, said we're dropping weights, then time until the comms went out, and that's how long they knew they were going to die for. But as that is much worse than running out of oxygen, i suspect theyre not going to mention it.

[@Mel-pb3eo]

We are all tired of hearing about these super rich guys who could have hired the best engineers to inspect that vessel but chose not to! Condolences to the 19 Year old and the families! Other than that the rest of em all choose their fate. They could have used that money to help people that needed it the most! I know that's what I do with my time and money and they certainly had a lot more than I do!

[@zanza7929]

Problem with carbon fiber in this situation is it’s great with tensile force, but buckles under compressive forces. That on top of being coupled with it being expired was probably the nail in the coffin

[@joshuam4880]

Hydrogen storage tanks also are significantly different because they feel a tensile force rather than a compressive force, which is relevant when using fibers.

[@brianglade848]

Also, due to the crustaceous vernaculars of the hull, the molecular breakdown was indeed inevitable

[@ZirothTech]

Thanks for pointing this out, I can't believe I missed this (tried to rush things..!) - I have taken that bit out of the video and will make a comment of it as a pinned comment via the KZbin editor which will update shortly.

[@jimmyhenderson9761]

My own observations with carbon fibre as a construction material were: inconsistencies with strength across the surface; under stress no elasticity; change in size with temperature causing a build up of stress in an unpredictable way; destructive testing giving variable results.

[@gnanasabaapatirg7376]

Why is then touted as a superb material like steel for such stressful conditions??

[@andrew3084]

The way y’all spell fiber angers me

[@matildafaltyn6253]

@@andrew3084 funny... mericans spell it fiber, whereas english spell it fibre. Dictionaries say both are correct.

[@chrissmith2114]

​@@gnanasabaapatirg7376 Carbon fibre is good for tension, not for compression. In tension ( like they are used for vessels containing high pressure ) the carbon fibres take the stress, in compression the epoxy or other material takes the stress. Carbon fibre can also delaminate, where the layers separate.... and nothing on the outside gives a clue that this has happened. Imagine a situation where pressure got through a fissure measuring 3 of the 5 inches, the safety would them be 2 inches, not 5. That is why it is important to use an homogenous material - not a laminated one.

[@candydandy2694]

@@andrew3084 The way Americans have butchered the English language (and dates, and units of measurement) angers me. So we're at a impasse.

[@adrianwalker2833]

Now this is what I call concise, clear and unexcited information, in rather good English! Thank you.

[@Yimvision]

There is no way in hell the navy uses game controllers as the primary source of movement operations for their Virginia class submarines. They may use it them for small tasks, like shifting the periscope, or things like that. The issue people have is using a wireless game controller as the main source of movement.

[@Robert0Pirie]

Saw someone point out as well... all of the electronics (monitors, etc) appeared to be off the shelf parts and thus not fire safety rated. Like I get that it's a games controller, but off the shelf parts? That dangerous in so many more ways than just reliability.

[@qerupasy]

From what I've heard, the concern is mostly about it being wireless because that opens you up to sudden loss of control due to low battery or loss of radio connection. It's not so much that it is a game controller.

[@renamamiya158]

@@qerupasy also it is a cheap logitech game controller which is even worse it wasn't even that good of a controller.

[@Lilly_the_Snek]

If the controller was hard wired into the system it probably would've been fine enough. It's the fact that it was Bluetooth that introduced a failure point where there didn't need to be one.

[@nadtz]

He did put a note at the bottom of the screen to say systems, from the number of people commenting on this I guess it wasn't obvious enough.