Little Ice Age: The Witch Hunts - World History - Part 3 - Extra History

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From the rain-spoiled crops to the advancing glaciers and droughts that kill off livestock. Mass starvation has set in and there can only be one culprit. Witches manipulating the weather!
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Miss an episode in our Little Ice Age Series?
Part 1 - • The Little Ice Age: Cl...
Part 2 - • The Little Ice Age: No...
Part 3 - • Little Ice Age: The Wi...
Part 4 - • Little Ice Age: The Ye...
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - Release Date: 12/9
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Nick DeWitt I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves I ♪ Opening Music by Demetori: bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I ♪ "Broad Street Pump" by Sean and Dean Kiner
#ExtraHistory #Science #History

[@extrahistory]

The Witch Hunt for the best cup of coffee is over! Get freshly ground coffee delivered directly to your door with any Trade subscription at www.drinktrade.com/extracredits Thanks for Watching!

[@also_arles]

Keep up the amazing work!

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

Love your content guys! You always make My day 😊😊❤❤❤❤

[@theanglo-lithuanian1768]

​@@Bystander232Theres also another theory that a lot of the witch hunts happened because the shortages of food, which led to villages killing off eldery/mentally ill women to conserve food for the village. Its probably nor a coincidence that the biggest eras of witch hunts happened during times of famine.

[@MiMiGunDK]

2:45 Norway?? I am so sorry but that is the Danish flag try again guys

[@whymedk]

@@MiMiGunDK The Danish flag is the flag of Norway from 1537 - 1814

[@macgonzo]

"How do you know she is a witch?" "She turned me into a newt!" "A newt?" "I got better..."

[@extrahistory]

but did she weigh as much as a duck?

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

@@extrahistory Ah, "swimming the witch." If she floats, then she's a witch; if she drowns, then she's a "normal" God-fearing Christian.

[@hurgcat]

fair cop

[@valikoest7981]

​@@M.E.ANDHistorymayor "if he can still say that he can't breathe that means he has enough air to still breathe"

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

@@valikoest7981 Then if that's the case, more likely than not, he's not "normal" enough.

[@GeneralLuigiTBC]

It had never occurred to me that English wine could even be a thing.

[@Sylphmoon]

It's back now. I live in Southern England where we have vinyards. Not sure how good it yet.

[@Fleshdeficiency]

🤢

[@b1laxson]

Oh the English can whine real good.

[@gh057ayame6]

If there are people and rotten fruit there will be wine

[@declangallagher1448]

They didn't always drink the piss they pass for beer.

[@auntdede6780]

It’s weird to me that we were never told that the little ice age partially caused the starving times. Like we learned about it but we were taught it was because of conflict with the natives and the fact that the colonists sucked at farming.

[@Alverant]

Since the colonists were unfamiliar with the area, they probably did suck at farming same as any novice.

[@Revy8]

because it might make people think that climate change is a natural thing happens to our planet, and might be a contradiction to the new climate alarmist dogma

[@AudieHolland]

They should have done the tutorial first.

[@marjae2767]

And were too busy chasing after rumors of gold.

[@903lew]

@@AudieHollandTo heterosexual to read the damned manual

[@nathanseper8738]

The opening scene was just bone-chilling! It underscores how stressful and chaotic events can drive humans to madness and desperation.

[@coxmosia1]

Out of great ignorance.

[@nathanseper8738]

@@M.E.ANDHistory Yep.

[@nathanseper8738]

@@coxmosia1 Ignorance is a powerful force.

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

@@nathanseper8738 Indeed. All just because we have conflicting ideas about what is and isn't "normal" enough. Personally, if you want to know my definition of "normal," go ahead and view my series on the Salem Witch Trials.

[@christopherhammond9467]

​@M.E.ANDHistory i heard someone say they were tripping balls on local mushrooms and that's a large part of the switch hunt

[@CCJJ160Channels]

Colonist: “Why did you think Katherine Grady was a witch?” Captain: ‘Her dress had pockets.’

[@extrahistory]

😂😂😂

[@gifflar1512]

I love the details in this show. Showing the Danish flag when telling about Norway because of Denmark-Norway is just one example

[@SorteBill1514]

Norwegian here. I dont have much against north germans, but i must admit, that one hurt a little.

[@no_skcaj1038]

I almost thought that was a mistake 😂

[@Hunterr-]

I thought it was a mistake then thought “o yea Denmark controlled Norway”

[@Carewolf]

Yeah but then they show the royal flag of Sweden, but not he royal flag of Denmark-Norway messing it up again.

[@Jakobph]

But they should still have said Denmark instead of Norway, right? Since Norway was part of the kingdom of Denmark at the time. OR maybe it was only norway that was effected. But that seem unlikely.

[@robinrehlinghaus1944]

It should be noted that the Malleus Maleficarum was originally not taken very seriously by church authorities. It picked up among preachers, and only later was closely examied and followed by higher churchmen.

[@ferretyluv]

The Catholic Church condemned it because the existence of witches meant the existence of people other than god who had godly powers.

[@CelciusSwift]

"Lisbon Portugal had 8 Snowstorms" - Me as a Portuguese never having seen snow in my life in those part spitting my coffee

[@micheallinke9278]

Loved the Temple of Doom segue, always nice to tie in some humor.

[@extrahistory]

We couldn't help ourselves!

[@1ronDragon]

Nice try, Lao Che! Great movie😀

[@CooperClabaugh-ub6eh]

@@1ronDragon goodbye, Dr. Jones

[@skyden24195]

One of the strangest weather events I've ever experienced happened during the winter of either 1990 or '91 (it's been a while). I was living in southern Illinois and the area had been covered in snow. However, for a brief period, the days got extremely warm which quickly melted the snow and even allowed precipitation to fall as rain instead of snow. But then the extremely cold nights came which basically flash-froze the melting waters on the ground. The result was the ground becoming completely covered in ice. So much so that I was able to ice-skate over what would normally be grass or sidewalk, and even the asphalt paved roads. It was nearly impossible to walk anywhere, in normal footwear, without (almost) instantly slipping on the ice that covered and made slick every type of ground surface.

[@jessicascoullar3737]

Did you catch the witch responsible?

[@skyden24195]

@@jessicascoullar3737 lol, afraid not.

[@fretienkamp6735]

I find it interesting that the waves of witch hunts are so closely associated with the medieval period, even though they only picked up at the very end of the late medieval era and continued into the rennaisance and so-called enlightnened periods, where they saw their peaks.

[@timothyheimbach3260]

The official opinion of the church for most of the true medieval period was that witches weren't real.

[@theanglo-lithuanian1768]

​​​@@timothyheimbach3260Yep, contrary to popular belief, witch hunting was generally condemned by the Catholic Church as well as the Church of England which is why most witch hunts happened Protestant areas of Europe with English witch hunts happening also exclusively in Puritan areas in England. Disagreements between Purtians and the Church if England such as this caused the Puritans to flee England, starting American colonises.

[@cyberpunkfalangist2899]

Protestantism not even once

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

​@@theanglo-lithuanian1768And yet witch hunts still happened in those colonies (S-A-L-E-M, anyone?).

[@theanglo-lithuanian1768]

@@M.E.ANDHistory You mean the Puritan majority colonies? Them being religious extremists is the whole reason they left England for America in the first place.

[@lordnaarghul]

Something to note about the weather affecting the French Revolution: you mention Mt. Tambora in 1815 as exacerbating the weather in that time, but in 1783 the Laki fissure opened up on Iceland and the volcano Grimsvötn, ostensible part of the same system, began erupting. And erupting. And erupting. This went on for eight months, and Grimsvötn erupted until 1785. On top of that, there was another volcano, Mt. Asama, that was erupting at the exact same time in Japan. The Laki eruption is of particular note because it put a huge amount of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, and a high pressure system that parked itself over Iceland caused winds to blow southeast. The huge cloud of poisonous gas was killing people as far away as Prague. And of course, these eruptions affected the weather, too. Famines, hail, flood, terrific snowstorms, storms at sea that caused several senators to be delayed for the signing if the Treaty of Paris, all of that resulted from Laki, Grimsvötn, and Asama. And then, an extremely strong El Niño started in 1789, just in time to make all of this even worse in France. Just some information that you can perhaps include in your Lies episode.

[@DragoniteSpam]

I think this episode might win the award with the most intersections with other EH series. Any I'm missing? - Viking Expansion/Greenland - Thirty Years' War/Famine - History of Paper Money/Nicholas Unless-Jesus-Christ-Had-Died-For-Thee-Thou-Hadst-Been-Damned Barbone - Ankor Wat/Decline If you ever wanted another Lies segment like Walpole or Ibn Battuta Sidequest...

[@user-il9mg7pq8m]

When you say famine do you mean the Irish famine?

[@user-il9mg7pq8m]

Because if not the Irish famine (officially) just lands in there

[@chanku18]

Actually I think it's Nicholas If-Jesus-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned Barbone

[@DragoniteSpam]

@@user-il9mg7pq8m I meant the famines that got a shout in the Thirty Years War episode specifically

[@adamprior8744]

Probably because it covers such a long and fairly well recorded period.

[@juliegolick]

I have a master's degree in medieval history and did a fair amount of coursework around the early modern period as well. It's fascinating to hear about so many of the events I knew about already, and then connect them to this climactic cooling event. Truly, a framework I hadn't even considered before!

[@abcdef27669]

2:45 - Before anyone say something, this is the flag of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, a united monarchy between Denmark and Norawy.

[@Ami-jc2oo]

Thanks for the extra history :)

[@extrahistory]

[@malegria9641]

“…whose vintages were beginning to rival that of France” Grâce à Dieu, petit âge glacière

[@ferrante12345]

A correction? Tambora is around 3000 km (1900 miles) from the Western part of Sumatra, maybe you have accidentally added a 0. For comparison, Earth's circumference is 40000 km, some 25000 miles, and Tambora is next to the Eastern part of Sumatra.

[@backwashjoe7864]

That's how strong the blast was... it flung other islands further away by an order of magnitude!

[@smalltime0]

@@backwashjoe7864 I don't think it would be mistaken for gunfire in that case

[@backwashjoe7864]

@@smalltime0 Lol! true :)

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

Excellent work bringing up the witch hunt instruction manuals (Daemonologie and Malleus Maleficarum). Would have liked to have had more of an emphasis on how the Little Ice Age had a role in Salem, though.

[@ethancheung2696]

The witch hunts are an entire can of worms, yet they’ve spent only 2 minutes on it lol.

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

@@ethancheung2696 My point exactly. They could have mentioned how you could be accused of witchcraft over things we see as commonplace, like physical imperfections (warts/moles/birthmarks) or having a pet hanging around the house (Here, kitty-kitty! 🐈‍⬛ ). If you're interested, I have a two-part series of Salem on my channel.

[@littlekong7685]

The ergot and rye rot was likely a big part of it, caused by unusual cold that killed the other crops, and persistent rain that drowned the rye and caused fungus on the seed, but without other crops, people ate the fungus infested rye...

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

@@littlekong7685 After looking at several sources, the ergot theory doesn't quite hold up for me. Why? Instead of a small group of "afflicted girls," the whole region would be crawling with hallucinating people because the whole supply of bread would be contaminated with the fungus. Not going to deny that climate change had a role, but there are other things to consider: family feuds, wars with Native Americans and French settlers, an us-vs-them mentality, tension between the haves and have-nots, a rigid social hierarchy with no breathing room to it, religious fanaticism, and a failed merchant-turned-minister (Samuel Parris) dishing out fire-and-brimstone sermons at the pulpit and talking about Satan and his imps at the dinner table nonstop.

[@FozzyBBear]

[7:56] One for the "lies" episode there. Off by an order of magnitude, 1,200 miles away, not 16,000.

[@the-angel-of-light-gardevoir8]

When I heard the words… island in Indonesia…. I knew what was about to go down… Enter the Little Ice Age’s Grand Finale…

[@bartz0rt928]

7:57 I'm pretty sure Sumatra is less than 16000 miles from Mount Tambora. Maybe it's supposed to be 1600? (coming to think about it, Earth has a circumference of about 25000 miles so no two places on Earth are more than 12500 miles from each other)

[@robertjarman3703]

1600 kilometres. Not 16000 miles.

[@Nostripe361]

Surprised that you didn't talk about the writer of the hammer of witches. He was one weird dude.

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

Heinrich Kramer was an oddball indeed.

[@diranbodossian6061]

My print of "London at the time of the Great Frost" by Griffier is to my right as I'm watching this - which does a great job of showing the very relatable hi-jinks of Londoners and their antics on the ice!

[@jeremy1860]

Love the atmosphere of the start of the episode 😊

[@mrmeglomania]

So looking forward to the year with out a winter*. *Sponsored by BP Oil.

[@hodgepodgegamer5069]

Ah yes, I think this is where frostpunk splits off from our timeline, it will be interesting to see how the actual events go down

[@peternque]

I love how they mention Norway, and shows the danish flag.

[@danielstride198]

Norway was in political union with Denmark at the time.

[@martinottesen1053]

At that point in time, Norway was under danish rule, and considered a province of Denmark. So it is technically correct.

[@insaincaldo]

Historical accuracy baby.

[@palehorseman8386]

My favorite aside from this time is the mention of pine trees exploding as the sap inside would freeze

[@extrahistory]

[@ferretyluv]

They tested that on Mythbusters and found it to be bunk.

[@justinboyett8843]

Whenever I hear the year without a summer, I think of Mary Shelley.

[@extrahistory]

that's next episode material

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

Yoi Guys always make my days brighter with your content! 😊😊❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

6:05 You had me there guys!😂😂😂😂😂 Love temple of doom! You're awesome 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤

[@PB-tr5ze]

There is documentation that indicates there were thousands of people burned as witches for "altering the weather" in Germany during this time. This includes the Bamburg Witch trial were at least a thousand people were executed.

[@ecurewitz]

Sumatra is not 16000 miles away from Tambora, but parts are 1600 miles away

[@user-hp9gp6ct7q]

I'd like to propose an idea gor a video / series . When talking about Greece , people mention the ancient times and overlook the Greek Revolution of 1821 , which had not to do with society and royalty but with national identity , religion and freedom of Greece , which were suppressed by the Ottomans .

[@lucaswallace7476]

The intros are... Becoming ever more and more poetic.

[@bongo9384]

The Temple of Doom bit threw me for a loop. I was momentarily drawn in, then confused, then started laughing my ass off. Its a refreshing pause after all the misery of the Little Ice Age.

[@jereschr]

1:31 Did you really mean 1519? Error I suppose. Great video though!

[@colinmacaoidh9583]

Yeah, pretty sure we see that in Lies. Off by 100 years

[@DeeSchnutzinger-Mauph]

6:03 i love that indiana jones reference 😂

[@aze94]

Tangentially related: one of the European countries that had the lowest levels of executions due to accusations of witchcraft was Spain. This is due to the Spanish Inquisition opposing it.

[@The360MlgNoscoper]

Nobody expects the Spanish inquisition?

[@05Matz]

Because for a long time, the Spanish Inquisition (and most of the Catholic Church from what I know) was of the opinion that "believing in witches" was a form of _heresy,_ (by saying that somebody not granted powers by God was capable of doing supernatural things) and you know what the Inquisition did to heretics! @@The360MlgNoscoper Apparently getting the Inquisition involved was one of the best ways to escape witch trials, if it was an option available to you. People tended to drop their accusations VERY quickly upon realizing that the local representatives of the Inquisition saw the belief in witches itself as 'superstitious heretical nonsense' to be stamped out with violence.

[@Ami-jc2oo]

You usually see a volcanic scene like that in movies....but in real life? Damn.

[@AtlasNovack]

SoCal me over here like damn give me some of that cold!

[@jimmypetrock]

I like how much this series will cover.

[@kevinwilliams3531]

Minor correction, Sumatra isn't 16,000 miles from Mount Tambora, it's probably closer to 1,600

[@angusyang5917]

Nitpick: Nurhaci was the founder of what would become the Qing dynasty, but it was under his sons Hong Taiji and Dorgon, his grandson Shunzhi, and great-grandson Kangxi under whom the Ming dynasty was conquered, toppled, and finished off

[@Alverant]

Let's remember that even if something can happen naturally, it can also happen through man-made causes.

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

Like oh, say, the Reformation, a changing social order, and plague cases going through the roof?

[@Gillemear]

Am enjoying this series a lot so far. The first episode works into the Norman conquest of Ireland and potentially answers a reoccurring question with me of how and why the English Crown lost control of the island except for around the English Pale (region around Dublin) until the Tudor invasions and plantations (colonisation). These latter events, the Irish Wars, Williamite War and finally the 1690 Battle of the Boyne and its consequences (the Penal laws) are "covered " in this episode. Looking forward to a new perspective on latter Irish history through this series.

[@jordisaura6748]

beautifull. thanks

[@garcalej]

I love these naval openings.

[@thecuriositas385]

Really REALLY hope you all will talk about the author of the hammer of witches and how crazy & hateful he was towards women. Even at the time people knew it was dangerous & would get innocent people hurt. OSP did a video about it, would love to hear your thoughts.

[@nickelflipper]

i love this channel

[@dziooooo]

Historical records and novels about medieval Poland always mention incredibly cold and snowy winters, with people traveling on sleds across frozen rivers, villages snowed in and packs of wolves hunting livestock. Until I learned about the little ice age, I always wondered why winters I knew were not like that at all!

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

This series has been amazing! Cant wait to see the finale! Huge fan! 🔥🔥🔥🔥🫡🫡🫡🫡🫡

[@dmen89]

There is a famously fun thing about winters in the low countries: the laws of the land did not govern the water. So when the waters froze over (rivers, lakes, etc.) people took to ice skating and making merry on the ice. The key take way here was that while on the land class and station mattered, on the ice, it didn't exist. so it was the one place where the aristocrats and commoners, rich and poor could meet and at times even cavort without the church having any say in the matter. This, in part, is why ice skating is such a big deal in The Netherlands.

[@petrblasko9575]

Would it be possible to include metric conversion? I have to pause the video always and count in my mind. I love your videos.

[@Windona]

I want you to know that your series has impacted how I was writing a fairytale retelling to specifically include the weather changes of the Little Ice Age. This is an excellent and interesting series! But I'm curious- before the late 1400's, they just blamed kings for God's wrath, then switched to witches?

[@stonethered]

Me, watching that London sunset: Dear, does the weather seem a bit sapphic to you?

[@cm3004]

Good luck hanging Extra History characters!

[@NoWoke2099]

Thanks!

[@extrahistory]

Thanks so much for supporting the channel!

[@helenbaumander3953]

I like how you were very careful about your use of the phrase "new world to them".

[@spencersholden]

7:49 chills!

[@alfrancisbuada2591]

Another unique take on the witch hunt

[@Pikashockdragon]

6:13 Talk about a random 4th wall break. :P

[@Tru7hiness]

Oh, i hope that the next episode makes note that we got both Dracula and Frankenstein out of the eruption of Tambora in 1815...

[@KarlMcAllister-jk8qi]

I love your videos!!!

[@KarlMcAllister-jk8qi]

I think they are cool and they make my day

[@extrahistory]

We love you! Thanks for being here!

[@abcde_5949]

7:54 I know Indonesia is big, but perhaps Sumatra isn't 16000 miles from Tambora.

[@valorbridger9669]

As someone living in Washington state the sunsets get like that during wildfire season

[@davidgustavsson4000]

In Swedish, people often say "eighteen-hundred-froze-to-death" ("artonhundrafrösihjäl") to signify any year in a distant past, often not realizing it's a reference to 1816 specifically.

[@baswar]

On the little ice age in other regions outside the Atlantic i'd love you to do a series on the fall of the Ming dynasty. Their fall sounds genuinely apologetic

[@kristinkernsnider1479]

I like this channel likes to talk about more minor topics in history, weather they be war or the environment like we see here

[@extrahistory]

Even minor topics make a big impact in history!

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

@@extrahistory No question there; one of my favorite minor topics that you covered was the Diamond Necklace Affair.

[@kristinkernsnider1479]

Indeed they do

[@kristinkernsnider1479]

I also really liked your policing London series, really cool how you explored the cry and a hue system

[@DanksterPaws]

Whether* though considering the theme of the video, ill let it pass.

[@martinconway8174]

Malleus Malleficarum: Me: *eye twitches in 40k*

[@pozzowon]

No way Sumatra is 16000 miles away from Indonesia. Maybe an extra zero there?

[@smalltime0]

When the bread price goes up, you can always eat cake

[@-jeff-]

And the Frost Fair episode of Doctor Who was fire!

[@extrahistory]

Ohhhh such a good one!

[@Aeronor2001]

8:01 Magma is molten rock underground, once it erupts from a volcano it is lava. Love the series, just had to nitpick!

[@Archon3960]

Never has before the song _'Little Dark Age'_ fitted an historical context more.

[@MarsterTigermus]

2:45 that's the Danish flag lol

[@wolf2912]

In my home country Sweden back in 1660s was witch Hunt that still talk about in history and one of things was that children use to blame their mothers for being witches

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

And now, Science is a way to explain to peasants that it's not the rulers' faults for bad weather.

[@Pioneer_DE]

7:55 are you sure you mean 16 000 miles and not 1600 miles?

[@sourabhmayekar3354]

Awesome

[@djoimaj]

Me watching about the little dark age while my south american ass is melting in the heat wave

[@FakeBlocks]

Please do the Greek war of independence of 1821 against the ottoman empire next I've been asking for this since the first episodes of the sengoku Jidai!

[@OfficialJanky]

I am looking at the movie “Frozen” very differently now.

[@M.E.ANDHistory]

🎵 Let it go, let it go... 🎵

[@NoisqueVoaProduction]

6:42 This dude (Pieter Bruegel) is also super famous in my field of History of Games because he deppicted one of the most rich paintinggs about children's games in his time.

[@KazyQ]

War of the roses would be a good series

[@rewrew897]

6:05 thought hmmm that looks familiar pans to the other side of the table *goddamnit XD*

[@ericacarswell9167]

Can you do a video on Queen Hatshepsut?

[@freedombaby64]

When greenland is gonna be recolonized theres probally gonna be pre-viking like conditions

[@raheelshafqat]

brillient 😊

[@yamochanchan]

"The year without a summer" Sounds wonderfull for me who hates warm weather 😂

[@DDlambchop43]

there was a history channel documentary (back when they did, you know, history) called Little Ice Age, Big Chill; covered this nicely. I can't find it online tho.

[@LexiLunarpaw]

I saw the Aperture Science logo!

[@RamblingGamer]

I didn't seriously even know that the climate was sometime so warm that wine in England was a thing. Well you learn something new everyday! 😂

[@fireaza]

I'm just impressed they were able to hang someone who doesn't have a neck!

[@sielentbrat4005]

In the spring of thirteen-fifteen There began an era of unpredictable weather It did not lift until eighteen-fifty-one You remember eighteen-sixteen as the year without a summer (Rasputina)

[@madskroghbansch8182]

Not actually a mistake, as Norway was a part of Denmark at the time, but it is a bit confusing to show the Danish flag at 2:45 while talking about famines in Norway

[@ahmadganteng7435]

Oh boy.. Tambora is coming..

[@DoomedPaladin]

Mmm... No Summer? Sounds like heaven.

[@Praisethesunson]

It was alright until the food ran out

[@CoverCode]

2:45 Denmark-Norway* even showing the danish falg