Little Ice Age: The Year Without a Summer - World History - Part 4 - Extra History

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In the throes of the Little Ice Age, Europe faced extreme winters, and even the mighty Napoleon succumbed to its icy grasp during the ill-fated Russian invasion. But as Mount Tambora erupted in 1812, casting volcanic particles into the atmosphere, it heralded a chilling chapter in history.
Explore the eerie effects of this volcanic aftermath, where sunsets turned red, crops failed, and snow fell in June. Witness how Europe and North America adapted to the changing climate, turning adversity into innovation. From the Netherlands' ingenious hydraulic engineering to England's agricultural revolution, humanity found ways to thrive amidst the challenges.
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Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - Release Date: 12/9
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Nick DeWitt I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves I ♪ Opening Music by Demetori: bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I ♪ "Broad Street Pump" by Sean and Dean Kiner
#ExtraHistory #Science #History

[@extrahistory]

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[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

Always love your content! You make My day each time guys!😊😊😊❤❤❤❤

[@also_arles]

This series was a great change of pace from the usual standalone series on people or wars, I can't wait for the Lies episode next week!

[@iamarizonaball2642]

Suprised you haven’t talked about the Lisbon earthquake or the New Madrid earthquakes.

[@AokiZeto]

3:25 dont worry guys i'm belgian i live in mere hours from there and i didnt know that either xD

[@the_spicesea_admiral]

Happy you finely put the netherlands in a positive light

[@Itcouldbebunnies]

Almost the entire population of earth: "OH DEAR GOD, WHAT'S HAPPENING???" The Dutch: Ah yes, good, this looks like an excellent business opportunity."

[@extrahistory]

Some next level thinking there!

[@Michal_Bauer]

@@extrahistory some worst kind of thinking. Profiteering on less fortunate and rural communities is last thing we need in times of global warming. And You sound like it's great adaptation method.

[@thewafflegamer6152]

*proceeds to take land from the ocean*

[@rubidot]

​@@Michal_Bauer as described in the video, they were trading useful manufactured goods to warmer countries that had food to sell. That's win-win trading, not profiteering.

[@agilemind6241]

@@rubidot Yup, the real lesson there is in changing times, be the ones inventing and selling the solutions.

[@roberteltze4850]

The buttons on the coats of Napoleon's troops were made of an alloy of tin and lead that becomes exceptionally brittle when it gets really cold. So when faced with the brutal winter weather their buttons crumbled to dust and they had problems keeping their coats closed.

[@aleksythehorse5984]

If only they could have zippers at the time.

[@TeutonicEmperor1198]

@@aleksythehorse5984 zippers can get really stubborn during extreme low temperature, especially if the teath are metal!

[@THECHEESELORD69]

wow i never knew that! supper cool fact!

[@Orocnogu]

Yeah. Faulty buttons is what stopped Napoleon, otherwise he'd beat the crap out of those incompetent russian fools. Eevery time. Jeeez. Eeeeeevery time *smh*

[@jereschr]

From 1866-68 there was a drought and famine in Northern Europe. Finland and Sweden were worst affected. Overall, about 15% perished in Finland (of the population), but in some places the amount of population was even higher. In the province of Kainuu 1/3 OF THE population died. Hence Nälkämaan laulu, (the song of the land of hunger), Kainuu.

[@loke6664]

Yeah, that was the start of the large Scandinavian emigration to America. Denmark did a little better then the other Scandinavian countries. Norway had it tough too but they were more reliant on fishing which is why Sweden and Finland got the worst of it. A strange thing is that in Sweden it was Småland who got the worst of it which is in the south while Finland got it worst in the North but it might be because the farms in Småland was relatively small compared to other places and people were poor. The outcome was that a lot of people died and even more emigrated and some places have not really recovered, still having smaller population then before the crisis even after 150 years.

[@jereschr]

@@loke6664 Sorry man I wrote northern finland i meant northern europe

[@jereschr]

@@loke6664 In nälkämaan laulu there is a sentence regarding to the mass migration. "Raukat vain menköhöt merten taa", which goes something like this: "Shall the cowards go across the sea". It is quite cold even nowadays here, especially in places like Suomussalmi, temperatures are at -40 degrees from late january to mid to late march. Also it is about >200km away from the sea and the journey isn't the most pleasant. At the time we were a part of the Russian empire and the measures weren't enough for the majority of places. We had our autonomy, sure, but the grand duke (Alexander II) wasn't really that keen in Finland's problems when there were many of their own. the brits and the french had bombarded Finland in the 1850's and depleted the food storage. The climate was really rough and cold in the 1860's. Crops failed over and over again, malnutrition spread which brought many illnesses, a recipe for disaster indeed.. 380 000 migrated to the US in 30 years, the journey was very expensive for the poor Finns so most of them couldn't afford it and logistical issues emerged even if money wasn't an issue.

[@loke6664]

@@jereschr Well, to my knowledge it was Northern Finland that got the worst of it so I didn't really reflect on it. But yeah, it is a sad story. Finland had most people starving to death, Sweden had most people emigrating to America and I think that was because of the Russians. In both cases the problem was a mix of poverty and political incompetence. Both countries are pretty rich in resources. So yeah, when people wonder how Finland could beat back the Soviets in the Winter war they miss the motivation people who remembered what their grandparents lived through had. I do see parallels to the slightly earlier Irish potato famine. That was even worse and Ireland still have lower population to this day then it had before but in both cases, Greed, incompetence and a foreign occupier who didn't care much was the reason behind both.

[@jereschr]

@@loke6664 I am from Kainuu so I'd say I know my country's as well as my province's history to some extent. Here in Kainuu 1/3 of the population perished, and well Kainuu is a part of northern Finland so yes, that's true. It was really bad elsewhere as well, but it is widely regarded here that Kainuu got if not the worst treatment. Nälkämaan laulu is the sort of national anthem of Kainuu and it is based on this particular event of Suuret Nälkävuodet (The Great years of hunger). You may listen to it on youtube, idk if there are any english translations but it really is something.

[@whyyaskkwhyy]

I really like the idea of Fredrick the Great being like "ok you dont want potatos? Thats fine I'll just have my soldiers make sure no one takes them. Oh no! And now youre stealing them? Shoot and darn. Ah well."

[@eggdrasilwarthog6507]

Although that one might be a myth since I think that exact story is also attributed to a frenchman and some king, I think greek but I am unsure

[@whyyaskkwhyy]

@eggdrasilwarthog6507 shhhhhh the best history is myth and this one doesn't hurt anyone

[@user-kv3ww7yw6g]

We have the same story in Greece as well.

[@nathanseper8738]

Basically, Frederick used reverse psychology. Neat.

[@agilemind6241]

@@eggdrasilwarthog6507 I suspect the truth is more along the lines of what Elon Musk did with Tesla, "Oh you don't want potatoes, ok I'll just grow them specially for the rich aristocrats and put up guards so you know they aren't for the likes of you peasants."

[@mrmeglomania]

My favorite thing about history is how there's all these stories happening at once, broken apart by distance and even time, but they are actually a part of all of our collective story; it reminds me that all have more in common than different. Like, the fact a volcanic explosion helped invent science fiction (shout out to the extra literature episode about Mary Shelly) is something that's a part of every person's life that has enjoyed a Frankenstein, or any of its permutations. We all get that as build up to our stories, and to quote Marge Simpson, I just think that's neat. And I love that Extra Credits is always finding cool ways to remind me of that.

[@loke6664]

I wouldn't say Shelley invented science fiction but she did popularize it. Lucian of Samosata wrote "A true story" in the 2nd century CE and that one is wild, check it up ;). But Shelley's "The modern Prometheus" is still good even to this day and that is something you only can say about very few books of the time. The book is rather advanced too with a lot of interesting themes, and ask who the real monster truly is... Great book. Lucian really wrote the first thing I would slap the sci-fi label on, he was a strange man. :)

[@derekbates4316]

So, in Year without a Summer, one created Dracula, another created Frankenstein, and another created one of the world's 1st emo poetries, ever.

[@loke6664]

@@derekbates4316 Nah, Bram Stoker wrote Dracula in the 1890s, one wrote a really bad vampire book no one remembers. As for the worlds first Emo poems, Byron wrote those during his entire career, he wasn't first but he might very well been most. Shelley was the only one who came out with a best seller after their vacation, the Vampire book (I forget it's name) was at least published, none of the other stories were including Byrons /well not until after his death as an unfinished piece).

[@derekbates4316]

@@loke6664 It was nonetheless partial inspiration for Bram Stoker's Dracula; without it, "Dracula" wouldn't be what it is, today.

[@loke6664]

@@derekbates4316 "An Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, with Various Political Observations Relating to Them", by William Wilkinson was really his main inspiration though and Jack the Ripper also helped. While Bram Stoker did read it and very well might have gotten part of his inspiration from it, it is pretty hard to say how much impact it had on his book. Dracula was more inspired by real people and his writing technique was pretty unique. The book is mostly written as a diary from different people and is a masterpiece. Funny enough was it first published in Icelandic for some reason and the English version had some things cut from it. In any case, I don't think we can claim that the year without a summer really was the thing that lead to Dracula even if it certainly could have been one of the things that inspired Stoker to write about vampires in the first place, Stoker never claimed that himself and the only similarities are that there is a vampire in both works. Robert Southey's monumental oriental epic poem "Thalaba the Destroyer" pre dates both of them (from 1801) so this wasn't the first fiction vampire, and I think that one probably inspired both of them.

[@ToysRemembered]

I wouldn’t call Polidori’s The Vampire trash. It’s not the best, but it does influence the creation of Dracula, so it deserves a bit of credit. It was the first suave and charming vampire which is most common nowadays. Before Polidori vampires were basically zombies with fangs

[@ASpaceOstrich]

I'm 90% sure that was sarcasm when they said that.

[@mr.lavander7145]

I can't even imagine coming up with these things from my own imagination if they weren't already part of the zeitgeist. Yeah vampires were already part of folklore but an electric man built by a scientist certainly wasn't.

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

Polidori's vampire was basically a not-very-flattering portrait of Lord Byron.

[@Adamantium93]

Don't dismiss Polidori's Vampyre story. He basically invented the vampire as we know it. Polidori's Lord Ruthven is the first time we see modern vampire tropes in literature: the suave, charismatic aristocrat who's attractive and amiable facade belies a cunning and ruthless nature. He's the kind of villain that uses his charm and wit to win your trust before sinking in the fangs. If that sounds familiar, it's because Brahm Stoker would later use Lord Ruthven as partial inspiration for Dracula.

[@pdruiz2005]

At 1:21. I've been following Napoleon's invasion of Russia in great detail on military history KZbin channels that do a fantastic job outlining the debacle. Apparently the cold was unusually late in arriving, which lulled Napoleon into remaining in Moscow for longer than was prudent. But a mid-October dusting of snow, and a small defeat by an outlying French army, snapped him out of his stasis. He then commanded all French troops to leave Moscow and head to the border about 700 km away. As they were leaving the Moscow area the cold came, and it came in stupid and strong. By late October the temperatures had plummeted to -4C. By early December temperatures had plummeted to -30C. Which is insane, especially when I check modern-day weather in Moscow and temps have hovered at around 8C to 0C all this November (until recently, when temps have been going down to -6C).

[@GameyRaccoon]

LMFAO you can't get any more armchair than this

[@KasumiRINA]

To raise average temperature in russia, please donate to Come Back Alive and United24, our drones actually JUST STOP OIL refineries.

[@abcdef27669]

If this series appeared few years before, the sponsors would probably be the creators of the game Frostpunk. “The City Must Survive!”

[@ASpaceOstrich]

When a weather event has boss music.

[@Argacyan]

@@ASpaceOstrich Should be done more often in games tbh

[@Stejers]

Jokes on you! I live in Brazil! We never had a winter! *sobs in over 45C heat*

[@spaceman081447]

45°C = 113°F

[@nathanseper8738]

HAHAHA!

[@kadian666]

Theres a song, "1816, the year without a summer", by the band Rasputina. The bands lead, Melora Creager, was the stage cellist for Nirvana's 1994 in utero tour. Rasputina also has a song called "My Little Shirtwaist Fire" about the triangle shirtwaist industrial fire. Another topic youve covered. If you haven't already run across their music just researching the topics for your videos, then you're in for a real treat if you decide to listen.

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

5:38 one of your absolute BEST series guys! Frederick the Great truly earned his name! Love his tale and potatoes!🥔🥔🥔🥔🥔🤤🤤🤤🤤

[@kagekun1198]

That slide of him holding a potato and his winning smile is cute and hilarious!

[@Pavlos_Charalambous]

The first ruler of modern Greece A diplomat from the Greek diaspora - Ioannis Kapodistrias did exactly the same thing in the 1830s to introduce Potatoes to Greece Because people wasn't buying them he placed soldiers to guard huge piles of patatoes left on the docks - with the "understanding " that the soldiers will look the other way while people will start stealing them 😉😁

[@QuarterCentum]

I watched this while eating potatoes 🥔

[@AtlasNovack]

Currently writing a series about a post-post apocalyptic town, this gave me some ideas. Thank you!

[@Limrasson]

I sure do love Shinsekai Yori and Utawarerumono

[@Ami-jc2oo]

Tell us the name of your story when you're done!

[@AtlasNovack]

Will do, thank you! @@Ami-jc2oo

[@Ami-jc2oo]

@@AtlasNovack Your welcome!!

[@timmick6911]

"A Canticle for Leibowitz" by Walter M Miller. I suggest you read it. Cheers

[@ElMonoFuerte]

@ExtraHstory - 4:22 - Matt says "...but just further south, across the channel...", while London is roughly in line with the southern border of the Netherlands, wouldn't it be more correct to say "...further west, across the channel..." as the bulk of the UK is at the same latitude or further north as the Netherlands? The other way I could see it being correct would be "...just further south and across the channel...", giving us a vector as opposed to a scalar.

[@mkvenner2]

No the south coast of England is further south than the Netherlands also the Netherlands is just out the English Channel.

[@DerFroschMitMaske]

8:14 I’d be very curious to hear more about this event- I know that infanticide is nothing new in the context of the little ice age or famines in general but I wonder how much was this an enforced practice, a collective community choice or a very localised event. This is some morbidly fascinating dystopian history…

[@Devonteacup]

8:23 "Master Skywalker, there are too many of them! What are we going to do?"

[@fistofthebrownstar]

Didn't think I was going to hear a quote from Lord Byron's Darkness today! That was a pleasent surprise.

[@anemptykarst]

Referring to The Vampyre as “some trash about a vampire” is absolutely gonna get a shoutout in the Lies episode isn’t it lol

[@SuperHGB]

0:55 Bro saw the Dark Future from Fallen London in a dream

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

This has been an amazing series as always guys! Love your content!😊😊😊😊❤❤❤❤

[@jimmypetrock]

I love this small little series.

[@extrahistory]

Thank you!

[@Vault_tec10]

These animations are getting really good

[@extrahistory]

They are! Our artists are doing some really amazing work and pushing themselves to a new level.

[@max_me_is]

Little ice age with some vulcanic eruptions in Peru also caused The Time of Troubles in 1603 Russia, killing 1/3 of the population. It also provoked many people to migrate south, becoming cossaks, and to migrate east, colonising siberia.

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

Actually, it only made the Time of Troubles more troublesome. What caused the Time of Troubles was Tsar Ivan IV killing all his capable heirs, leaving just an idiot named For and a young man called Dmitri, whose mother was just too far down a long list of Ivan's succession of wives for him to be truly legitimate. Enter Boris Godunov and his guilt-driven monologues!

[@GarlicPudding]

"Bread or Blood" That's metal AF.

[@jimmypetrock]

That beginning was touching

[@FakeBlocks]

Please do the Greek war of independence of 1821 against the ottoman empire next I've been asking for this since the first episodes of the sengoku Jidai!

[@squee222]

In Edmonton Alberta, it is November 25th and there is still no snow on the ground. The snow usually comes mid october, and we are the most northern large city in the world... so... ya... "year without a winter" - it's coming.

[@05Matz]

Oh hey, I'm nearby in a small town. Yeah, I'm kind of a shut-in (because, you know, _Alberta_ isn't the friendliest place to people who worry about things like "us massively upsetting the climatic systems we rely upon to live and refusing to stop aggressively causing all the damage we can and sabotaging others' efforts to change it because our leading buyers of politicians would make less money") but you're right that things have been getting... even less predictable than is typical. We had some snow in early November here, but it's been 'unseasonably' (for all the value that has any more, our weather being famously chaotic even before the effects of anthropogenic climate change became apparent) light on snow ever since. I guess we're looking at this region moving towards a "Drumheller Badlands" type of 'semi-desert but still fairly cold in winter, with occasional violent snow/rain storms (sometimes with tornadoes) breaking a generally very dry trend' climate in the future? Stay warm out there... or cool, as the case may be. We don't have air conditioning in this house, (because it's _northern Alberta_ ! it wasn't needed in the past) and I only remember one heat wave this year that was notably miserable, but I hear they're far worse in more urban areas, and they're definitely increasing in severity, duration, and frequency. Lots of wildfire smoke clouds, too. In recent summers, the feeling of the world being on fire got a little more literal than before. I really, really hope we get leadership around here I don't feel sick to even think of sometime soon. I do what I can but my vote doesn't exactly do much in the riding I'm in.

[@rodrigolealmartir5902]

It's weird, the situation is kind of the opposite down south. I live in Bariloche (a city in southern Argentina). It's the middle of spring here, with summer closing in. Yet the temperatures are still in the single digits, and we had snow two weeks back (which is really strange outside of autumn-winter). It's been a really long winter.

[@brasilballs]

@@rodrigolealmartir5902 over here in southeastern brazil we've had a rather rough heat wave, for about 1-2 weeks temperatures were regularly peaking 38-40°C and the sky kept clouding up but rain wouldn't come, i was having a hard time not feeling like i was melting even during night with the window wide open. at least the rain finally arrived and things have been cooling off but i've never seen it get that hot before, even during summer (in fact, things are shaping up for a rather rainy summer if i had to guess given january-february it was raining every other day)

[@bentoth9555]

So THAT'S why the painting by Jean-François Millet is called The Gleaners.

[@danakospanova52]

Thank you ExtraHistory for giving us hope.❤ What I learned from all this is in case a volcano erupts or two, or pollution starts catching up to us (which it is already doing😅). In all of these cases we will not die. Things will be pretty bad, possibly for a few generations, but it is a far cry from "And all the dinosaurs lay dead overnight".🥲 If humans would have time to think of a plan, humans will survive! Gosh, someone even thrived throughout all of that. All hail humanity!🌟☺️🌟

[@PragmaticAntithesis]

Do you have a source on the Japan cull mentioned at 8:12?

[@Bardic_Knowledge]

I first learned of the Year Without a Summer via a book called The Gunsmith's Boy, since a significant arc in the story is the main character taking a trip south to try and buy food for his town.

[@Empires-legofan]

I love watching you dude especially since you teach history

[@crisitiansalinasochoa7534]

One of my favorite stories about this little ice age is that the general cemetery of Santiago de Chile, the first secular place of this kind in the country, was financed by selling lots of ice cream, which was posible because of the great amount of snow caused by this climate anomaly

[@nathanseper8738]

I love the reference to Lord Byron!

[@jimmypetrock]

I love this series on this part of history less covered!

[@yeetzzz2996]

this was a great series! love that you guys talk about historical phenomena that aren't necessarily restricted to human-made/political scope

[@Sir_Uncle_Ned]

Here in Western Australia we’re on the tail end of the most severe heatwave I have seen living here. And it’s not even summer yet. We’re still in Spring!

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

It probably doesn't hold a candle to the heat wave that wracked the Kansas City area in '36. I tend to wear a three-piece suit and tie in public, and when asked about the heat, I simply mention my grandfather who lived through the Thirties heat waves.

[@Kristian.B.Kristiansen]

Wow, writing "The Vampyr" off as trash.... is completely fair. The only thing it really contributed was giving us sexy seducer male Vampires. Carmilla did dito for female Vampires, except that story is a lot better.

[@1ronDragon]

On the population cull in Japan, was it those under 7 in actual years or the east-asian born at 1 and age up every new year system? And if its the second was it accounted for or was it those in under 5/6 range (which is still horrifying of course).

[@wednes3day]

"if we don't, we might soon see a year wihout winter" yeah...... already been getting that sometimes where 'winter' back home now is what would've been solidly called mid to late autumn a decade or two ago

[@dcseain]

I live near Washington, DC. We’ve already had a couple years without a Winter this century.

[@TwoheadedEagle]

Bro i always love your stories you are one the best story teller❤

[@Hyde_Hill]

Thanks for the shout out to the Dutch ;). The greatest rivalry there is. The Dutch vs The Sea lol.

[@dinoz2113]

glad you still do Walpole bit love it😁

[@UnOwn-lh1oo]

Making me want to play Frostpunk again.

[@pdan4]

Great animation on the chattering Earth. Great episode!

[@Soonpizza345]

I’ve been waiting for this EPISODE since the last one

[@GreyWasteTim]

"A year without a winter" Its the end of November. It hasn't snowed once yet, not even flurries. My heat is off. I'm wearing shorts and still putting a fan on at bedtime. I live in Pennsylvania. Oh boy.

[@hannahdigioia692]

Texas has been oddly rainy. Like, November is usually dry here, but It's been wet.

[@KasumiRINA]

We had snow in LATE APRIL in Odesa (a southern beach resort) a few years ago, northern cities had it in may, and the russians had snow in mid summer - climate is ABSOLUTELY going haywire. Warmest winters but sometimes snow in July is some Silent Hill vibes.

[@bloodygoat6941]

What an awesome video

[@BearsThatCare]

Such an interesting story of disaster capitalism. While I don't think the link was made particularly clear, the story of the destruction of the commons and the creation of an impoverished underclass in England was an interesting effect.

[@masjuggalo]

I grew up in Massachusetts and I have seen snow in April in my lifetime

[@jondw]

As we are entering march soon and spring grass is starting to grow and the fall grass still has some green in it, that "year without a winter" you mentioned is uncomfortably close or maybe even already here

[@ambarrose]

Absolutely loved this series.

[@extrahistory]

We had a great time making it!

[@The-Plaguefellow]

Wonder if the Little Ice Age had partially inspired _Frostpunk_

[@paternusowen2106]

Well, a lot of details from the main scenario does line up. Especially the sun dimming part

[@connorhilchie2779]

"Adapt or die" Nature in a nutshell ladies and gentlemen. When the next ice age comes, you do one or the other

[@mrbyzantine0528]

It will be at very long time before the planet naturally cools again, even if we're able to transition away from fossil fuel usage.

[@benoithudson7235]

Luckily we have a couple hundred thousand years to prepare for the next ice age. The reverse is a rather more pressing concern.

[@Argacyan]

the big concern rn is we're not adapting fast enough for a hot period.

[@KasumiRINA]

WAIT A MINUTE, I always thought it's a really strange coincidence THE most popular stock horror characters were all created in some random evening, but it being a year of existential dread for everyone makes more sense for a background of both vampire stories and Frankenstein's monster.

[@LOLquendoTV]

5:49 Pentiment reference, nice

[@ahmetalicetin5331]

Nice as usual

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

9:09 this is why i love you guys SO much! Even with tales as sad as this one. You can still make room for hope for the future. You guys never fail to lift my spirits. Thanks!🥹🥹🥹🥹🥹

[@Ianpact]

Thank you, EH crew.

[@Christian_731_Channel]

4:21 You said, "Just further South" but I believe that you meant, "Just further North."

[@kellerfraley1627]

0:13 nothing like some opium to pass the year long winter 😂

[@postapocalypticnewsradio]

PANR has tuned in.

[@SkyForgeGears]

Currently Loving This Series.

[@sasha1mama]

Ah, yes. Eighteen-Hundred-and-Froze-to-Death.

[@athena8534]

I feel a lot of that change was possible because many of these countries were ruled by monarchies who had authority to just say something was happening. Meanwhile its 10x harder now with politics being where they are

[@dominicguye8058]

agreed

[@ecurewitz]

Bring the year without a winter!

[@matthiasv.4185]

A year without a Summer in 2024. Imagine

[@KitSunZoro]

One of my favorites is the invention of the bike.

[@spartanx9293]

6:01 I used to do that in the fall with my grandparents we throw the corn we gathered to the birds

[@MagaldiMateus]

We could use some little ice age here in Brazil right now.

[@Grizabeebles]

El Niño plus deforestation in the Amazon is causing the heat wave. Forests big enough and healthy enough create their own stable climate zones. Forecasts I've seen predict this warm weather to continue through June 2024. Be safe.

[@WowUrFcknHxC]

"1816, The Year Without a Summer" is the best Rasputina song.

[@ieslodzitais]

Half a meter of snow outside my window for couple of weeks now, year without a winter indeed

[@Newdivide]

Lord Bryon is the father of the first computer programmer, Ada Lovelace

[@sourabhmayekar3354]

Awesome

[@HotRatsAndTheStooges]

The intro is not accurate - Byron came up with the vampyr story but polidori essentially stole it and published it

[@KasumiRINA]

But Byron only wrote down the beginning, so if not for steal we wouldn't even know the plot (fragment of a novel only set ups characters and setting, not even the main story hook).

[@MissAgincourt]

Please do a series on Medici Florence and their influence in the church. ❤

[@andrefariaformagiofonseca9242]

Does anyone have a source on the cull in Japan mentioned in 8:12?

[@ThatRandomGuy0]

We wish for these now due to Global Warming Edit: It was a joke, damn...

[@Parciwal_Gaming]

Would only be a temporary solution....

[@nicholasneyhart396]

We will, this *IS* the result of global warming. We are still in an ice age after all, warm weather melts ice and disrupts ocean currents, and causes colder weather in turn.

[@olganikitina5585]

Nope, we don't. Several extra-cold summers will smite the harvest and lead to famines, but they will not change the cause of the global warming, so not solve the problem in the long run.

[@goatkidmom]

A famine? No, you don't want that.

[@Doriankinne]

No I don’t think we do

[@axbotkin]

At 4:20, shouldn’t that be “further west” instead of “further south”. Netherlands isn’t north of the English Channel or England.

[@ewok40k]

another time of asking for the series on Pilsudski and revival of Poland after the partitions...

[@tinyfluffs]

The Dutch came over to England as well, and drained the Fenlands, which became part of the agricultural land development in North West Norfolk :)

[@sijmenvedder2566]

"Dutch soil being generally poor anyway" Meanwhile the Netherlands is the second biggest exporter of food in the world...

[@baneofbanes]

Source?

[@Brandon_TG_Smith]

Nah that’s not due to nature baby, it’s due to sheer Dutch innovation! The Netherlands has horrible geography yet it has the best infrastructure and some of the most fertile land because of Dutch technological prowess. The Netherlands being a major agricultural producer is a new thing, it came with Dutch innovations in specifically greenhouse technology. They are still ahead of the game but for a while they were so ahead that when the EU was formed the agricultural industries of other European countries, specifically Spain which specialised in similar things to the Netherlands, almost collapsed as native companies couldn’t compete with Dutch prices and quality.

[@ivydunstone5446]

Can you please do a series on the treaty of waitang in NZ

[@quietone610]

@1:07 And Percy wrote his generation's version of "Sic Transit Gloria Mundi"--"Ozymandias"

[@franciscogomez5106]

Wow, we just discover that advancing the mean and mode of production play a big role of survival.

[@ILoveCats6000]

As someone quite literally allergic to the cold temperatures, this entire time period terrifies me

[@michaeljebbett160]

Louis XIV, like Fredrick, tried to encourage his subjects to adopt the potato. Ironic that they blamed him for their starvation, when they were too stubborn to eat the food they were offered. Obviously, the whole "rich hoarding everything" thing didn't help, but it's not like the peasantry made the best choices either.

[@user-jt7bx3ek8w]

more of a too little too late

[@Bogwedgle]

You are so cheerfully talking about the dutch profiteering off of famine and it's disconcerting.

[@Brandon_TG_Smith]

They aren’t “profiteering off of a famine” they’re adapting to the times and innovating…

[@Bogwedgle]

@@Brandon_TG_Smith They're adapting by profiteering off of famine. That's what the phrase "Making aggressive moves when the grain markets were destabilised" means. It means buying up supply to drive the price up to then sell it back to starving people for massive profit.

[@Idunnoyouguessit]

Polidori mentioned!!!!

[@ferrusvilkas8544]

What we can learn in the present day from the ice age? That the Dutch are the best, obviously.

[@njord-krakenarnesson5096]

❤❤❤ Göttern auch, dieser Video ist Fantastisch. ❤❤❤ Sehr gut für lernung über das Klima Notfall, dass wir jetzt haben. ❤❤❤ Danke Extra Geschichte. ❤❤❤

[@extrahistory]

Danke fürs Zuschauen!

[@notnightfury6088]

May I ask for some of your guy's sources? I am doing a research paper on American Westward expansion and Manifest Destiny and wanted to see how the little ice age ending affected it. ~1850 right?

[@masantok4339]

if i can remember correctly, bethel church & vermont university still have newspaper clips / private journey of this event as a history documentary. maybe you can ask them for your research - wish they can lead you to another historical eveidence of this event

[@notnightfury6088]

@@masantok4339 Thanks!

[@danicalifornia505]

1:12 just have to ask why was the sun rotating from west to east instead of east to west?

[@quintusantell2912]

I feel bad for everyone starving, and yet hearing Thomas Jefferson struggling for a bit brightened the whole bit for me.

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

Jefferson was very deep in debt, and as a result, he could not free his slaves if he wanted to. I imagine that the whole Year Without A Summer thing made his pecuniary troubles worse, and they were very bad to begin with.

[@quintusantell2912]

​@@ladymacbethofmtensk896what worries me the most is the hero worship people heap on the dude. I have no sympathy for him.

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

@@quintusantell2912 People tend to heap hero worship on men who say beautiful things in beautiful ways. Just look at Obama.

[@quintusantell2912]

​@@ladymacbethofmtensk896 look at any politician willing to speak of moral high roads, but these people don't deserve hero worship. They are temporary servants of the republic. Now we have millionaire lapdogs to billionaires. It can't be freedom and justice for all with this two-tier system.

[@danielvandermaas2828]

Interesting to hear that farmland back in the day was not very usable. I live in the Netherlands now and know it to be quite an agricultural powerhouse. The soil is extremely fertile and heavily in use these days..

[@codyshi4743]

Mankind would needs to work together and figure out ways to adapt to the global climate changes, before it’s too late.

[@arikwolf3777]

A year without winter, that would be nice.

[@safe-keeper1042]

Would love an EH series on Kissinger now, but I suppose those are too recent events.