Fermi Level Splitting Explained

/ edmundsj
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In this video, I explain the origin of fermi level splitting, which is just the injection of carriers above equilibrium, as well as the minimum possible fermi level splitting we need in order to get gain (negative absorption) out of our semiconductor.
This is part of my graduate series on optoelectronics / photonics, and is based primarily on Coldren's book on Lasers as well as graduate-level coursework I have taken in the EECS department at UC Berkeley.
Hope you found this video helpful, please post in the comments below anything I can do to improve future videos, or suggestions you have for future videos.

[@abhishekdodda5641]

very nice explanation

[@nadavgvili9684]

thank you very much you helped me a lot

[@forhadahmed4643]

i cant understand what is a mass of hole ???????? i think a hole is nothing but a gap in valance band only so i hole cannot have a mass ??? like a electron have in either valance or in conduction band ??????????????