A Bit of History on Data

[@DIYCameraGuy]

As always, this is a well crafted and informative show. Thanks for all of your hard work.

[@EscapeMCP]

Been working in IT for 20 years and never realised that HDDs look for a CHANGE in magnetic field, and not just the direction of said field. Makes total sense what with the current induced/inducted into the head. Really enjoy your videos - you cover topics which are very handy to know if you are going to be making films, but are still useful even if you are not (which I ain't). Thanks.

[@Non_Machina]

This is one of the best data storage summaries I've watched. Period. Thanks for the many minutes well spent. Also, I'm sure someone has pointed out somewhere the NTFS. - 10

[@catsgonom]

I've learned more from this channel in one day of watching than I have in 2 years of film school. Why am I even going to college? This is free!

[@jinitaimei38]

same with me hahahah

[@mosesknows2062]

Wow, another great video, glad to see you're back John. Thanks much, Moses...

[@PogieJoe]

Thanks for all the hard work you put into these, John. They're always phenomenal and I always learn a lot!

[@MovieMationStudios]

Could you do a video on encoding and how big production houses process all of their footage to get ready for editing? You are the most informative channel on all of KZbin John and I respect you greatly!

[@Spacekriek]

Thank you, a very well produced video. I need to point out something at 10:10, both lands and pits on a CD or DVD are read as zeroes, the transitions are taken as ones.

[@BasicFilmmaker]

Thanks John. I love the background information and how it helps others understand how we got to where we're at. And I love this -- "But first, you have to get out there and make something great." -- John Hess :)

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+Basic Filmmaker History is key. So much of what we do is just an echo of what came before us. The difference with film is, we now have a record. :) I often watch old films from the 20s and think how much shared joys and sorrows we have with those people on the screen who are probably not among us anymore. This medium can transcend time if we only make the effort to let it.

[@BasicFilmmaker]

Well said sir. I am also an avid watcher of films, which are a stamp in history that presents itself as it was presented at the time it was presented and made. One of my favorite "sci-fi" movies is the 1951 version of The Day The Earth Stood Still. It's my favorite as it captures the U.S./Russia propaganda machine. Here's an outsider (alien) point of view that doesn't understand how people who live on the same planet could be so mistrusting of each others intentions. Keep up the good work - you're creating history for future generations. :)

[@Erik-rp1hi]

You cover a subject very very deep for helping people produce a product. Well done.

[@JoeBetro]

I love your videos. Probably my favourite channel on KZbin. Great quality and delivered with real passion. Keep up the greatness!

[@JustCallMePCra]

You are so great at this... You have a new very happy subscriber... And will binge watch these one day very soon...

[@SanczykLucas]

You deserve a gigabyte of subscribers! Keep it coming John. Cheers!

[@JuanFelipeCadavidjfcr]

Great to see you back! Love all your videos, please keep em coming

[@seanramsdell4172]

It's good to see you back, IQ

[@swaygfx]

I learn so much subconsciously through this channel.. I just turn it on I listen whiles doing other stuff

[@billpancake]

SUCH a great video John, you are a true scholar, Sir! I doff my cap to you

[@zioscozio]

At 17:41 it should have been NTFS. For the rest great video!

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+scozio Lashings will commence at sundown! Dyslexia again strikes.

[@zioscozio]

Nae worries, good to see you back on this channel. :)

[@airplane1557]

Great video, you explained things very well. Please keep making these great videos. Thank you very much.

[@skepticallypwnd]

Nerdy nitpick: you kept saying "Ten" thousand 24 instead of "one" thousand 24...or "ten twenty-four" Just nitpicking. Great episode! (as always)

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+skepticallypwnd oops

[@DKlarations]

+skepticallypwnd Was going to make that comment as well.

[@nabilmouatabir5972]

+skepticallypwnd Was about to comment on that as well :) +Filmmaker IQ Great ep.

[@cavalrycome]

Nicely done. A very thorough treatment of the topic.

[@alexbright7735]

what a wonderful lecture. first time I found this channel. subscribed now and look forward to watching more videos

[@tHustr4]

I always find myself saying "Make something great!" along with the video hahaYou guys are great thanks fore these useful videos!

[@СергейДружинин-н7ы]

2:30 "a bite is a number of bits to express a character" This is one common view on it. Another POV may be expressed like "a minimum segmentation of memory used in computer logic". So, actually, there may be any information stored in bytes, not just characters.

[@WAQWBrentwood]

"Hot Electron Injection" is a good name for a band! 😀

[@CharlesTheClumsy]

You never fail to make a great episode!

[@ericpa06]

OGM! I was waiting so much for a video about this topic :)

[@ArcadeGames]

I loved this. Why the 4 dislikes? I guess those people are still using pen and paper to store information lol.

[@SunnyMeadows90]

ArcadeGames yeah I know right but It used to be punchcard’s just ask the military or don’t because they may still need them to be a Secret or not?

[@MattMadoni]

Is there any way we can donate so you can post videos more often?

[@JoeBetro]

Would you consider using Patreon?

[@ethansk8ter]

+Matt Madoni I would do it too

[@Pauldjreadman]

I am assume the reason for the time between videos is the at what you see, uty takes time. The more overlays, the loooonger it takes

[@nateo200]

First digital camera. Was a kid and me and the family were on the way to Washington, DC to tour the White House (we had an in with a high up), I was real into tech and I remember the camera took pictures at a whopping 1600x1200 onto a 16MB CF card! I made my dad buy a "large" 128MB card and I got myself a 128MB SD card for my Mp3 player. Oh how funny it is that MB's have turned into GB's in terms of whats acceptable, 16MB's was okay then and now 16GB's is just about okay now! Crazy!

[@pcuser80]

@ 17:44 its NTFS not NTSF ;)

[@RCAvhstape]

This is great info. But to add another nitpick: when current can pass through a switch, we say it is "closed", and when current cannot pass through, we say it is "open". A switch is part of an electrical circuit, and a "closed" circuit allows current to pass through it from one terminal of the voltage source to the other.

[@DanRichardson]

This video confirmed to me that SSDs are magic.

[@Doughnutsareyummy1]

7:35 dat cut though :) great video as usual, very informative.

[@RamboX-lw9bn]

I really enjoyed your video on the history of data. I did spot a mistake. The MS PC OS file system is NTFS and not NTSF (as stated in the video).

[@jay_mw]

Taking about the cards used in cameras reminded me of my first digital camera that used 3.5 inch floppy disks.

[@thecloud23]

The Windows Filesystem is NTFS not SF ;) Thanks for your videos! Really love them!

[@lagallinaradioactiva7611]

I understand that Shooting Ratio is the total duration of footage created for possible use. That 10:1 means that there’s times more shots of the actor saying “Hi” that are intended to be used. But what I’m not clear on is if that ratio takes into account multiple takes of the same angle, or if it means 10 different angles (or a combination of the two: like two angles, 5 takes each)? And also, do bad takes count towards the ratio? I mean, is 10:1 ten times USABLE footage, or just ten times the footage -regardless of how much is good/usable-?

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+La Gallina Radioactiva Shooting ratio isn't an exact thing - it's just something that you use to estimate how much film stock (or digital media) that you would need to buy to capture what you need. This includes EVERYTHING, multiple takes, multiple angles, good/bad takes - every second the camera is rolling. This doesn't mean there's 10 versions of any given scene - some shots can be done in one or two takes, but some complex scenes need more coverage.

[@AdamMcDermott]

5:05 And I always thought I was being screwed every time I bought a new hard drive.

[@BiscuitLazers44]

You got to petabytes and I thought, okay he’s gonna stop. But then you kept going and GOING! I never even heard of a Yotobyte!!! Can’t imagine what sort of data will require that much storage in the future; simulations of the mind perhaps

[@websitesthatneedanem]

Thanks John, some very intersting info there!

[@Lynxdom]

Wonder-full episode!

[@danmathewtorres2886]

how the feature length films were compressed in a smaller storage device?

[@kaitoelitex4901]

Thanks man! You save my life.

[@arnoldpollock]

Excellent video! Thanks!

[@andygarciaphoto]

Another great video!

[@BenVost]

At 6:29, you have Terrabyte, instead of Terabyte (more nitpickery I know, these vids are superb).

[@fadetounforgiven]

+Ben Vost That's maybe just in case we get back to the Moon, then we'll have Lunarbytes ;-)

[@potatius6421]

a terrabyte is what happens when you faceplant really hard on soil

[@NvidiaGeforceFan]

Very well done!

[@martintroy]

thank you Mr. Hess!

[@mckseal]

Wilhelm scream in the opening, I expected nothing less. By the way the CGI looks nice but I miss the blackboard animation style.

[@SunnyMeadows90]

But what comes after yottabyte like as in what happens when you get to 1000 what’s the name ?

[@SunnyMeadows90]

Never mind I figured it out

[@lonelyarmadillostudios7811]

Thanks John!

[@navjuice]

Thanks for this. Very informative

[@MikeeHollMartz]

As always, GREAT VIDEO!!! :)

[@fadetounforgiven]

Great video as usual. I think I'll be wrong with this since all I find about it seems to say the same as in the video, but I'd swear that, back in college, I studied about data transmission and error correction, and I think I was told it was not the hole/no-hole what made the 1's and 0's in cd's, but the change from one level to the next that meant a 1 and no transition would mean a 0. But, I guess I'm wrong. Again, great job with this video as usual.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+fadetounforgiven On further research - you are correct - it's not the pits and lands - it's the change - just like with Hard Drives.

[@fadetounforgiven]

+Filmmaker IQ oh, thank you for answering and in such a quick manner. And thank you for allowing myself to prove I still have some memory intact ;-) Thank you!

[@alexlandherr]

A mod manager I have for Kerbal Space Program (CKAN) uses the base 2 or power of 1024 to give data size of files.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

Can't wait for KSP2!

[@casperes0912]

Think I'm up to around 2TB of archived footage now. I really need more storage...

[@AgnostosGnostos]

At 17:50 Microsoft file system is NTFS and not NTSF. Not big deal. Apple OSX lion 10.7 2010 and later actually reads NTFS without extra software. But it can't write on it. This is very useful in MacBooks with both OSX and Windows installed. On the other hand Microsoft can't read or write HFS+ The omission of Linux file system ext2 and ext3 is very serious. FAT32 would have disappeared a decade ago if SD cards and Linux devices didn't support it for compatibility reasons.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+Agnostos Gnostos No Camera system uses Linux file systems...

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+Filmmaker IQ Linux also represents 1.5% of personal computer market. Here's a list of other file systems we omitted: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_systems

[@DAVIDSDIEGO]

Always entertaining and informative! The FAT32 4GB size limit and exFAT information, could help out some creators on YT.

[@CozenedMask]

What software is used here for the animations?

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+CozenedMask After effects and 3ds Max

[@ClashBerry]

Great video!

[@darienhawk67]

Good video. One correction: Microsoft's file system is NTFS. It would be nice to update the video to reflect Linux and Ext4 or XFS.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

Linux is hardly used in production. In all my dealings I've not met one producer that uses it.

[@amrkoptan4041]

woow.. what an effort!!! ur awesome

[@alexlandherr]

What about Memory Alpha...?

[@cornishchris8404]

How about stacking movies all on 1TB flash drives and stacking that?

[@starwars7950]

well done!

[@stachowi]

So good. Wow.

great episode! :)

[@MarcoKrage]

Wonderful Video Thanks. But you made a little mistake in naming Filesystems. Its NTFS not NTSF.

[@Themoigt]

Awesome video, nice info

[@roxonogueira]

Can you explain why most cellphones are $100 to $200 more expensive as the storage goes up, specially from 16 to 32 and 64? Is it just a marketing scheme or is there technical limitations? You don't find that price difference between sd cards.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+Pedro Nogueira I'm sure part of it is the cost of the extra memory and part of it is probably just marketing

[@musaran2]

Among other things, do not confuse storage space (=SSD) with working space (=RAM).

[@X-OR_]

You forgot the nibble.... 4 bits is nibble. Great Video !!!

[@VikTheGreat360]

can u guys please do a video on codecs and different encoding?

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+VikTheGreat We cover some of the basics here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mpmrgqprfNeqrrc but we could go more into it in a future episode.

[@ruhaan3447]

Does Ubuntu use HFS+ or NTSF or another?

[@the80386]

+Ruhaan Kakar linux can use different file systems but generally you'll see ext3 or ext4

[@Julmeni]

"A Bit of History on Data". I see what you did there^^

[@procc.]

Nice video, but still I dont understand why there have to be bits and bytes, why two of them? :\ Why not just bits? O_o

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+procc it's because every character is expressed as 8 bits - for example I is 01001001 and Q is 01010001. We need 8 bits to say anything - measuring things in bytes is more useful because when we say 1000 bytes we that's 1000 characters where as if we say 1000 bits, we have to divide by 8 to see how many characters that represents (125)

[@HenryLoenwind]

The same reason we have numbers and digits instead of just digits. Or words and letters (characters). Or bricks and walls. But if you're asking why some things, notable transfer speeds, are measured in bits and others (e.g. storage) are measured in bytes: That's just tradition. Data transfer hardware was around in the time when different computers had different byte sizes. So giving the transfer speed in bytes would not have been practical because you'd have to specify the byte size anyway. Also, with typical speeds of 75bps or 300bps, the numbers would have been very funny (10.714Bps(7) or 9.275Bps(8) or 8.333Bps(9), 42.875Bps(7) or 37.5Bps(8) or 33.333Bps(9)...). On the other hand, data storage, especially RAM, was very specific for the kind of machine it attached to. You could not plug in RAM made for a 7-bit machine into an 8-bit machine and vice versa. Also, data storage always stores full bytes. So giving those sizes in bytes made perfect sense. BTW, the nibble already has been called out in many comments. But there's also the "word"---which has fallen out of usage ages ago. A word is the number of bytes a computer would operate on as one atomic unit. So in a sense a modern 64bit CPU has a word size of 8 bytes. Only "in a sense" because those modern CPUs can operate on 1, 2, 4, 8 and even more bytes at once, depending on the exact instruction used by the programmer. The same concept exists for permanent data storage (floppy disks, had drives, ...). There it's the "block". The smallest unit that can be addressed when reading or writing data. E.g. 512 bytes for IDE HDDs. Originally caused by the fact that data must be written to the magnetic medium as a block because magnetic pattern is all interconnected within it. The video shows one aspect of that: A "1" bit is the change of the magnetic field. With modern PC hardware the actual blocks written to the physical disk and the blocks transferred over the wire to the computer are not in a 1:1 relation anymore.

[@Pauldjreadman]

Yes, a new one

[@johneygd]

By the time we will have film and fotos at 18K and audio at 24channel surround at 128bits,yotabytes will be common.

[@belloumar7074]

nice one!

[@jamessmith99731]

Good content.

[@Chevy-jordan]

He posted the video like 15 mins ago (19:35 minute video) and you have people saying "Great video" and "Very informative" ... haha..?

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+Chevy-Jordan Thompson I'm just assuming they are pre-emptive comments :P

[@chochmah]

+Chevy-Jordan Thompson Well,, wasn't me but I get the sentiment. The channel stands for great quality infotaiment put out for free. What's not to like a priori?

[@bobbolt3099]

The title is a pun. MUST WATCH :O

[@lisboasuave-theroyalteahou3717]

the best! thanks =)

[@Ozzyisunavailable]

thanks for clearing that 400x jargain i kept see on mc packages, it really bothered me

[@Ivo--]

Gotta have the Wilhelm in there!

[@lutello3012]

I still need to know how KZbin stores all those 8 hour Nyan Cat videos in 240p alone. How many HDDs do they have to fill per day for people making 21st century facepalm kinescopes of their TVs? Also, you forgot to calculate how many Kansas City Standard cassette tapes it would take to store a raw 4k copy of The Hobbit.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

+Lu Tello Is a "shit-ton" an SI unit yet? I think that's how many hard drives Google has...

[@anchorbait6662]

The Windows file system is "NTFS" not "NTSF", i know it's confusing but just wanted to point that out.

[@FilmmakerIQ]

Anchor Bait not if you run the dyslexia update.

[@anchorbait6662]

Filmmaker IQ haha computer jokes are funny :)

[@robbyboyo]

Awesome.

[@CharlesVanNoland]

Just a little correction: wherever he says "ten-thousand twenty-four" it should be "one-thousand twenty-four" because 2^10 = 1024, which is one-thousand twenty-four. I'm sure most people would never know the difference anyway :P

[@FilmmakerIQ]

I never said ten-thousand twenty four. I'm saying ten-twenty-four as in 10-24

[@MsMRkv]

Good video

[@kingemocut]

the best thing about 4 bits? it's a nibble. you can't make this stuff up.

[@Gamganca]

+kingemocut A shave and a hair cut for two people.

[@SilverSpade92]

9:28 Was that my left bicep?

[@lOOKatMiaMi]

That some amazing facts

[@damaliamarsi2006]

He forgot 4 bits is a nibble(SP), because a nibble is half a byte. :)

[@awiseseal7559]

HAH

[@jojagro]

very interesting

[@danishmateen7464]

NICE YAAR

[@mdturnerinoz]

Well done, John. I wish you would have been my instructor in 1968 in computer school! But then, you would have not been here or in diapers, eh?? ;0)

[@montage2726]

Thanks for posting. Another informative and enjoyable video. 0001111101010110101111010000101010010001001....... NTFS = New Technology File System. Yet *another* creation from Microsoft -_- Get yourself a co-editor to help spot some of these.... (if at all possible, with blonde hair, blue eyes and a sweet disposition) Noted that 'Star Trek' sound effect at 9.13 This video reminds me of that scene in Breaking Bad where they destroy the data on a laptop in a Police evidence warehouse with a giant electromagnet. Ha-ha,...that was funny. Thanks again for posting. How much time does it take to complete one of these great videos, from idea to completion?

[@TD-wl3to]

2:15