Generating the Proton Gradient: The Electron Transport Chain (Cellular Energetics #2)

[@oligali9330]

Excellent way of explaining this topic. It finally makes sense! Thank you!

[@dangthatscool1]

I'm glad you found this helpful! You are very welcome!

[@wesetka8737]

I'm not even natural speaking English person, but your video explained more clearly than my teacher in school, books and other videos from my native country. Thank you! (Sorry, if I made mistakes :))

[@dangthatscool1]

I'm so glad this was helpful to you! Best of luck with your learning!

[@GielL96]

This was really well done, i could perfectly follow your explanation whilst having my book in front of me and follow with their text and figures at the same time! Thank you

[@dangthatscool1]

Thanks for the positive feedback! I'm so glad it was helpful to you!

[@jamesshen6213]

Your videos are so helpful! You teach in a very engaging yet informative way. Keep it up.

[@dangthatscool1]

I'm glad you found this useful!

[@kaushanichanda2583]

3yrs of grad school still confused with this topic but now I'm all clear thanks

[@dimitriradoux]

Nice introduction to this with a focus on the gradient. Don’t see that to often.

[@NIHIT555]

Thank you for offering an insightful and clear explanation.

[@hashimrozi3356]

Amazing video, finally understood this part of cellular respiration. Thank you!

[@dangthatscool1]

So glad it was helpful to you!

[@garimasaxeriya7709]

Excellently explained... This animation is Verry helpful.. to understand ETS

[@simonjackson9415]

Awesome vids! Helps me a lot.

[@dangthatscool1]

So glad to hear it!

[@aakritibaral4433]

Wow this makes so much sense than my professor. thankyou so much!

[@dangthatscool1]

Thank you so much! I'm glad it is helpful to you. Good luck with your studies!

[@MaralMary]

Great Video. I give this an A ++

[@namelycantaloupe683]

Thanks!

[@markosinski7606]

Your videos are well done. You did a great job of explaining where the electrons came from but, did not explain where all these protons are coming from. Could you possibly answer this? Thanks.

[@adosar7261]

How the exergonic reaction couples with the active transport of hydrogen ions? What is the common intermediated between these reactions? I mean if there is no common intermediated how can we have a coupled reaction that drives the pumping?

[@gussy-ps4he]

Excellent

[@ankitachoudhury5546]

Where do the pre-existing protons(that are being pumped out through the complexes) in the matrix come from?

[@dangthatscool1]

My understanding is that the protons which do not come from NADH and FADH2 are pulled off of water (either from H2O, creating OH-, or from H3O+, creating H2O). Due to this pumping the pH of the matrix is more alkaline than the pH of the intermembrane space -- something like 7.8 vs 7.0.

[@nadiav560]

Thank you so much for such clear and precise explanation! Do you have a video about mitochondrial uncoupling? Or can you maybe recommend one? Thank you again!

[@dangthatscool1]

Hi Nadia! Thank you for your kind comments. I'm glad you find it helpful! I do not have a video up on mitochondrial uncoupling, nor do I have one I can recommend at the moment. But if you search for that term you'll find quite a few! Good luck with your learning!

[@nadiav560]

@@dangthatscool1 Thanks :)

[@jacobpeterson4983]

amazing video. Thanks.

[@arjan8729]

Honestly so helpful

[@dangthatscool1]

I'm glad to hear you found it helpful! Thank you!

[@SanthoshKumar-eo4vq]

U r amazing..just wow..

[@minamicheal3440]

your video was very helpful , thank you

[@dangthatscool1]

I'm very glad to have helped!

[@nguyenvy849]

What form of energy from electron help pumping hydrogen ion into intermembrane space? is it kinetic energy? thanks

[@sofiaanguiano7029]

You are amazing!! Thank you!

[@dangthatscool1]

Thank you! I'm glad you found the video helpful!

[@M-Scorpion]

I do thank you for this video. but i have a question. does this apply to the bacterial proton motive force, including how it is formed and what it is used for? or is it a different process?

[@dangthatscool1]

Hi Ronaldo, The same basic principles do apply to the bacterial system, with protons pumped across the bacterial cell membrane rather than into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, as in eukaryotes. There are still proton pumps and ATP synthase systems being powered by a the flow of protons. However, the proton pumps may use different substrates than the NADH and FADH2 depicted here. Bacterial flagella are also powered by this flow of protons (proton motive force).

[@M-Scorpion]

dangthatscool1 Do you have any recommended website or book can explain this? And thank you for your response

[@judithmonade5420]

that was sooooo clear be my teacher please !!!!

[@Alehandro23368]

If you told me this was Jeff Goldblums son I'd believe it in a second

[@dangthatscool1]

I've never been so flattered in my life!

[@devpandey9290]

Not so quite good.. U dont give any udea about how many proton get protonated and generate ATP with the help of NADH and FADH2.. and the way of explaning molecule is very confusing.. U have to start that thing by least reduction potential to higher reduction potential..

[@dangthatscool1]

Hi Dav! You're absolutely right. In this video I've omitted many details such as reduction potential and the number of molecules produced. The goal of this series of videos is to help students who are learning about these processes for the first time. I think if you keep searching you will find lots of videos on youtube that dig deeper into the biochemistry and may satisfy your need for higher level instruction. Thank you for your feedback!

[@DrPapufu8923]

Hey do you still use this account? Can I ask you a few questions?

[@dangthatscool1]

Go for it!

[@DrPapufu8923]

dangthatscool1 Do you have any info on brown fat? I don’t understand how UCP allowing H+ to pass into the mitochondria will generate heat

[@dangthatscool1]

DrPapufu8923 I will take a crack at this question and provide you with a link to a detailed resource. But first, please take my answer with a grain of salt; I am no expert on this topic. I think about the generation of heat by H+ leakage in two ways. One is from a conservation of energy perspective, and the other is from a kinetic molecular theory perspective. Conservation of Energy: If we accept that the establishing of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane represents a form of energy storage, then we must accept that the depletion or resolution of this gradient requires some transformation or transfer of energy. When the H+ flows from an area of high H+ concentration (intermembrane space) to low H+ concentration (mitochondrial matrix) through ATP synthase, that energy is used to facilitate the reaction of ADP and P to form ATP. If that H+ instead flows directly through the membrane with the help of a mitochondrial uncoupler, then the energy of the proton gradient must be accounted for. If that energy is not used in some chemical reaction or to do some other kind of work, then it must be transformed into heat. Kinetic Molecular Theory: We understand that temperature is a measurement of the average motion of particles in a substance. A substance in which the particles are mostly moving very quickly (whether vibrating in place as in a solid or moving about as in a liquid or gas) we call hot, and a substance in which the particles are mostly moving more slowly we call cold. Heat transfer, then, is about getting particles to move faster. Now imagine that the protons flowing from the intermembrane space to the matrix are moving quickly across the membrane. When protons move through ATP synthase, they can give up their kinetic energy to ATP synthase, and that energy can be used to put together ADP and P. On the other hand, if those protons are permitted to cross directly across the membrane, they might collide forcefully with the molecules on the other side, jostling them about, increasing their average kinetic energy, and increasing the temperature. As an analogy for the above explanation we might think of water flowing through a hydroelectric dam. Water flowing through the turbines of the dam slows down as it pushes on the turbine surfaces. That water will emerge relatively slowly at the bottom of the dam, gently joining the rest of the river and flowing on its way. This is like the protons passing through the ATP synthase. Water that does not go through the dam falls the full distance of the dam like water in a waterfall, and crashes into the water at the bottom, causing much froth and tumult. This is like protons that pass directly across the membrane. The froth and tumult, at a molecular scale, would represent a high temperature substance. As a final note, we might also consider that by making respiration less efficient at generating ATP, UCPs increase the rate of cellular respiration in the cell, and so all of the various exothermic processes involved in ATP generation will occur at a higher rate. So not only will UCPs directly heat up the cell by dissipating the energy of the proton gradient as heat. They will also increase the rate of other connected exothermic processes. I hope this helps! And here is the link to the paper on brown fat thermogenesis and UCPs. Note that UCP1 is the protein you're probably most interested in here. diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/53/suppl_1/S130.full

[@DrPapufu8923]

dangthatscool1 thank you so much.. Terribly sorry for the late reply. when I asked the question my Uni just started and I’ve been busy with school work and catching up. It’s not easy to go back to studying after being in the military for two years 😬. Thank you so so much.. turns out my question has no answer..

[@zazaza5535]

Professorial

[@dangthatscool1]

Thank you! :)

[@shemaabdulrahman2883]

Ok