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This Victorian invention allows you to pour out cups of tea without needing to lift the teapot! Certainly a full teapot can be quite heavy, and an advert at the time said it 'does away entirely with the drudgery of lifting the Tea-Pot!'
The self pouring teapot was invented by John Royle, a Victorian industrialist and inventor from Manchester, England. Initially it was more of a novelty or promotional item, something he could give to his most important customers. But it became popular, and several thousand ceramic versions were made by Doulton & Co., and a metal version was made by Joseph Dixon & Sons of Sheffield.
How does it work? Well, the metal lid forms a kind of piston that fits snugly into the top of the teapot, which appears to have been ground internally to form a perfect cylinder. The handle on the lid is made of a non conducting material, so it does not get hot. In the middle of the handle is a small air hole. Lift the lid, and this allows air into the teapot. Then place your finger over the hole and push the lid down again; the increased pressure inside the teapot causes the tea to come out of the spout. Inside, there is a hole right at the bottom of the pot, and this leads up to the spout. Thus every last drop of tea can be 'poured'. The adverts at the time suggested that because you were forcing the water in the teapot out through the tea leaves, which sat at the bottom of the pot, you got a better cup of tea. Notice how the spout is curved such that it is pointing downwards - just pop your cup underneath to get a re-fill!
A descendant of John Royle has created a web site with more information - see www.roylesteapot.co.uk/