A Guide To Mushroom Substrates | GroCycle

[@GroCycleTV]

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[@constantinaolstedt]

Single mother of three with too many cats finds your generosity overwhelming. So grateful as I'm looking for ways to keep the ship afloat. You guys might not be aware of what a difference you make....thank you from the bottom of my heart...

[@allanh7137]

My old man raised me and my brother on his own. One day your children they will take care of you. Have a good day.

[@RobertSmith-me3gs]

You got this, Queen!

[@sagew1312]

You got this! Here, you dropped this 👑 But really. You're doing an amazing job

[@royallan3717]

I like your thinking and strength,I grow mushrooms and I think oyster mushrooms are the cant go wrong. For the greens, beans are so easy and freeze well. All the very best

[@shonkiethahargett3439]

Your so right

[@blacksheepnomad9000]

The level of information that you are providing in this video is absolutely amazing definitely writing down notes.

[@sharonfletcher-medeiros4054]

1000% agree

[@cathyjanekeen4114]

@@sharonfletcher-medeiros4054This soundswait to begin.

[@cathyjanekeen4114]

Sorry for typos.I am excited to begin

[@marcusholloway1147]

Originally I was planing to grow magic mushrooms but at this point I just find the proccess fcking cool

[@codelicious6590]

GroCycle is definitely one of the most note-taking worthy mushroom cultivation channels on yt.

[@jameskim3915]

I get my from an online store, they got shroom, psychedelic and microdosing products well refined, also ships to anywhere

[@jameskim3915]

He,s on Instagrams with the below handle

[@jameskim3915]

!#Mycopete

[@danielmcardle3476]

You guys have a beautiful attitude to growing mushrooms. I feel like I get back on "the path" when I watch your videos. The low tech methods are a lot more sustainable, and prepare us better for the future.

[@nert7951]

Bless you guys for providing all of this information and in all of your other videos. This is the type of education you'd pay someone thousands to teach you. Y'all are amazing.

[@lizbeth2764]

so true

[@deborahlittke2225]

yes!! Thank you for providing all of this valuable information!

[@--sql]

So the gist is... Higher nitrogen: needs more sterilization, higher yields, maybe more expensive Lower nitrogen: maybe doesn't need sterilization, but low yields.

[@santiagolema1462]

What a pleasure to find a channel as generous, inspiring and full of knowledge as this one. Thank you so much! Greetings from Argentina

[@GroCycleTV]

Glad you're enjoying the channel!! We have lots of videos to keep you going!!

[@kaitlinbachmeyer2175]

I've been following your videos for awhile and I completely appreciate the clarity of this video - great instruction! I'm definitely feeling more confident to work with this knowledge in my local area and within my goals. Thanks!

[@dopapier]

This is about the best I have found on domestic mushroom farming. I’ll probably watch it several times. It is intelligent, very clear and not using that curse of amateurs - music playing all the time! Definitely subscribing.

[@mrs.lauren7726]

i cant find straw but i use soy for my oysters, you inspired me to grow. i dont have a big production yet but its so fun to spend lockdown doing this, since i lost my teaching job

[@terencebelton344]

Try your local pet store

[@nr1NPC]

@@terencebelton344 Do you have to sterilize it?

[@terencebelton344]

@@nr1NPC yes it must be sterilised I use a wall paper steamer in a vented box for 2 hours

[@sanjayrambarun3902]

@Terence. Does the entire store fit inside the steamer or do you use a part at a time?

[@Beltosfun]

@@sanjayrambarun3902 I do it both ways i.e.steam the entire substrate then load it into the plastic bag (This way encourages the possibility of contracting unwanted bacteria) Or Place the plastic bag with the substrate into the steamer and leave for a couple of hours minimum. Depends very much on the size of steamer

[@sarcasmo57]

Thanks for all the info.

[@jefflambert7513]

Wow, what an excellent source of information. I cannot thank you enough. Thank You, Thank You, Thank You !!

[@silvomuller595]

I think it's important to consider that whatever chemicals / pesticides / heavy metals are in your substrate may end up in your mushrooms. The substrate you use may not be intended to be used for consumption. Especially waste produkts such as straw can be highly contaminated with pesticides.

[@pupcomrade]

Yes, always pasteurize your substrate! :)

[@mayamayhemmusic]

pasteurizing will not get rid of pesticides and heavy metals

[@sueknowles7016]

@@mayamayhemmusic This is very true. Even burning will not remove metals. So anything that may contain metals is worth avoiding but this is difficult due to geo/solar engineering going on around the world.

[@rebeccajohnson4232]

I love watching time lapse footage

[@andirohman3180]

You man are the best!! This is what I've been looking for quite a time

[@gwenharris1075]

Major food 4 thought. Knowledge only adds to success. Again it can't be stressed enough thank you sir.

[@jmichel70]

Thanks for all the videos

[@jessicalouwman5337]

Awesome video!! I am growing on Vancouver Island, Canada and have found this content extremely helpful 👌 thank you very much!

[@karenbogucki1822]

Great informational video, found you guys very helpful as you answered all my uncertain questions as I'm a newbie to growing mushrooms at home. I'll be tuning into to all your videos. Thanks.

[@jerseyjoe8637]

Thank you, the information you shared is very helpful, and you are pleasant to listen to.

[@blacksheepnomad9000]

Honestly after watching the whole video I came here for answers and now I just have more questions. I guess I'll just take your information and apply it through trial and error for my own situation and work from there

[@rodolfoloos3973]

The way you explain the details in all the topics are amazing and enthusiastic! Congratulations! Could you please explain how to measure the pH of the substrates?

[@laurencerosenthalwinckler4439]

ph measurement tool, costs 10 dollars on amazon.. other option would be to follow a pre tested recipe of lime:water ratio from forums

[@taymoorjarrahi1020]

i was so overwhelmed and spending 24 hours with your channel has put wind in my sails. thank you so much for you generous guidance and knowledge. aloha from hawaii

[@jameskim3915]

I can recommend you to where I get my stuff from an online store.

[@jameskim3915]

He's on Instagrams also on Telegram with the below handle as...

[@jameskim3915]

Mycopete..

[@ellachris7291]

Thank you so much for this. I wish you great success with everything you do because you've highly contributed to mine. Thank you.🙏

[@jamesmabe6224]

Great video, thanks for sharing your experience’s

[@andremcqueen81]

Amazing video ❤❤❤

[@Vorpal_Wit]

Thanks! Perhaps a video on Casing - when, what, why.

[@danielfernandeznungaray8996]

Thanks for sharing your knowledge. Respect

[@sehvoon]

Generous sharing of information!!!

[@vtec1988]

Great information. Thank you sir. Much appreciated.

[@michigannative2951]

Great video thanks for sharing this information and your work.

[@meatcreap]

I love your project. You have taught me so so much.

[@daniels4849]

Wow great video thanks. One thing you didn't mention was if pasteurization was recommended for coco coir + vermiculite substrate?

[@basherkp3119]

At my first watching, very valuable knowledge videos, subscribed and liked 👍

[@vinishshetty8055]

Just add nut and grain husks like groundnut ricebran etc these have all the required nutrients adding these with sawdust will produce a good yeild....

[@debbieexcell5088]

Thank you. This is exactly what I want: simple but efficient. 👍🏻

[@ammarsoffical1947]

Your Channel is very informative! Can you please upload a video about post harvest and preservation techniques.. Thankyou

[@GroCycleTV]

Great suggestion, I've added it to the list of future videos to make :-)

[@UncommonNews777]

Thanks for the video! Very informative

[@MPS-GAMING]

Amazing video..thank you so much

[@rias3499]

Thank you for this - your insight is very helpful and resourceful! I’m curious about the secondary metabolite production in medicinal mushrooms grown on the low tech method (zero or little nutrition content) versus sterilisation methods that add mineral supplementation - does it really matter? I would think that stressors in the environment may trigger the mushroom to create different compounds depending on its environment rather than the substrate it’s grown on?

[@jameskim3915]

I get my from an online store, they got shroom, psychedelic and microdosing products well refined, also ships to anywhere

[@jameskim3915]

He,s on Instagrams with the below handle

[@jameskim3915]

!#Mycopete

[@anikohaasz3737]

Hi, Adam (and Eric)! Thanks a lot for all your work! I wonder if you have information about any research on fungi accumulate herbicides into the fruiting bodies from the straw bales they grow on. Is it safe to eat those?

[@pumaTe]

I read that growing oyster mushroom is a way to cleanse the environment of toxins (including petroleum derivatives and inorganic debris). The latter are absorbed by fungi and broken down into harmless substances. But when we eat mushrooms, are they still in them? I do not know

[@wuznotbornyesterda]

I was also wondering if tree leaves could be used, chopped up? I was thinking of sterilizing whatever substrate by baking in an oven. Think that would be a good idea to sterilize?

[@leftblank3482]

Oven is no good for sterilizing. Get a pressure cooker.

[@psycronizer]

@@leftblank3482 Why not ? an oven can EASILY reach 121 degrees Celsius or 250 F for sterilization ! please explain you reason for that !

[@Yoggoth]

@@psycronizer Hypothesis: when your product is in the oven and it has water, it won't heat more to than 100c, instead water will evaporate; when your product is in the oven and has NO water, it will heat to more than 100c, but also will start "burning".

[@anxiousbeachbums]

Very helpful video; Subscribed.

[@nielvanzyl]

Hey Adam, thanks for this, I am a fan of your videos! What do you use to shred the straw at GroCycle?

[@lineaecopermacultura7545]

Good day, I am just starting out in the wonderful world of mushrooms, and your videos are helping me a lot to continue researching the ideal substrate for my area and I would like to try coffee grounds, but I would like to know how to pasteurize it, thanks and greetings from Peru

[@jameskim3915]

I get my from an online store, they got shroom, psychedelic and microdosing products well refined, also ships to anywhere

[@jameskim3915]

He,s on Instagrams with the below handle

[@jameskim3915]

!#Mycopete

[@calliecurtis3815]

Thank you for all the great information! Looking to create my mushrooms substrate with sawdust from a cabinet maker, coffee grounds and also experimenting with brewers spent grain (I work at a brewery) Any luck with spent grain or hear of anyone having feedback on it?

[@scottraber8497]

I'm looking to grow from woodshop sawdust also. Do you know a good pelletizer machine?

[@truyennam]

excellent

[@Billythakid89]

Great video thank you

[@dc9515]

As always, great stuff. Thanks Adam

[@jaydon.9674]

This really is great

[@gilbertdonos2749]

What about coco coir + used coffee ground? Would it work and if so, whats the ideal ratio? Thanks

[@blacksheepnomad9000]

I'll try to test it if I remember I'll get back to you

[@TEFLONDONTRUMP2024]

@@blacksheepnomad9000 how did it work

[@blacksheepnomad9000]

@@TEFLONDONTRUMP2024 I did research and didn't feel like doing it I use coffee in my grain spawn but coffee grounds in the coir contaminate to easy coffee grounds are risky business. They have a ton of nutrients but contaminate quickly if using a lot. I personally use coir vermiculite and a little gypsum for my substrates. Works great I get around 5 flushes before contamination.

[@akumchila6553]

I use rice straw substrate for oyster mushroom .I want to know which supplement will be best for more yield.

[@mahmoudbamarni3803]

thanks for this information

[@louppe8224]

Thank you for sharing these very informative videos on growing mushrooms. I am particularly interested in growing oyster mushrooms. There is abundance of rice straw, rice hull and sawdust with wood chips in my area. What combination of these 3 materials would be best and what proportions should be used for the substrate?

[@ThahnG413]

the answer to your question is likely one you should explore by simply trying it yourself

[@franjohnston8955]

Hi, I'm in the process of creating an outdoor mushroom bed using winecaps. Do the hardwood wood chips need to be fresh, or can I use material bought from a supplier? Which may be who knows how old! And do I need to pasteurise these before use? Thanks so much for your videos, much appreciated.

[@MalinaImport]

store bought is totally fine, just make sure its hardwood. soak for 24hrs in regular tap or rain water before planting bed.

[@franjohnston8955]

@@MalinaImport Thanks!

[@GroCycleTV]

As vad vin says, store bought is fine. If they're really fresh they tend to have a whole host or organisms that proliferate straight after being chipped, so if they are a few weeks old this is actually better in my opinion, but either way Winecaps are pretty aggressive and will likely colonise whatever you give them in a bed

[@georgekatsinis5224]

Mushies aide in decomposition process. If chips are "older" - already started decomp. is no issue.

[@darlene4451]

Awesome video. Thank you

[@austin2842]

Would a mix of arborist wood chips and spent brewing grain work for the bagged method? I have free access to both materials. Thank you for these VERY helpful videos.

[@olivermartin4858]

Ive been a fan of the channel for a while now and Im always impressed with the info provided guys! Top work. I was wondering, does anyone in the wider community have experience with coffee husts from roasting as a substrate ingredient? I was wondering if I could switch the straw I was going to use with coffee grounds for coffee grounds and coffee hust. Any help much apreciated!

[@CyberspoonMusic]

great video!

[@ibfishy3878]

Thank you, just the kind of info I was looking for. Sub'ed. Start my first grow in few days.

[@violettracey]

Thanks so much for all the info! Knowing to keep my supplementation down to about 5-10% without sterilization is especially helpful for me personally.

[@fshah48]

Please suggest additives to chopped straw for the production of oyster mushrooms.

[@nyashamupaso]

Many love copy and paste but subatrate is very personal. Many choices to be made

[@Duckeezilla]

I'm curious - would the wood pellet style cat litter be appropriate? It appears to be just compacted sawdust and would be ideal for me as it's probably the easiest thing I can get hold of after cardboard.

[@leftblank3482]

No, probably not. For one thing, unless you are growing reishi you don't want softwood, especially pine which is likey what the animal litter is made of. The other thing is that not all wood pellets are really intended to have anything to do with food so they can contain things not suitable for eating. You probably do not want to grow food on things that contain toxins. So you want to make sure that there are no additives. There are hardwood pellets made for smoking meat for food that pass test to ensure they do not contain anything toxic. You can find these 40lb bags of hardwood chips at walmart. That's the ideal, but peoe do report that Douglas fir wood pellets made for pellet stoves are Okay as long as they are heavy supplemented with bran, but the supplementation will require hat you sterilize the substrate instead of pasteurization

[@psycronizer]

@@leftblank3482 I don't know for sure, but, unless the pine is absolutely free of any of those oily sap compounds, I don't think that stuff would be too good. But, that said, you often do see many kinds of fungi growing happily on rotted pine logs etc in the forests, so , maybe source some very old pine mulch, supplement it with something, sterilize, should be OK?

[@sunnyjones682]

What animal feeds would be helpful for supplements regarding the substrate?

[@julietchuks6395]

Thank u so much For this , more blessings

[@jameskim3915]

I get my from an online store, they got shroom, psychedelic and microdosing products well refined, also ships to anywhere

[@jameskim3915]

He,s on Instagrams with the below handle

[@jameskim3915]

!#Mycopete

[@AnthonyHandcock]

Some interesting ideas there. I've been at this mushroom lark for over a year now and still haven't had a mushroom (unless you include the unexpected ones in my agar cups) but I'm getting closer. Currently trying a mix of coconut, vermiculite, chicken poo pellets with a dash of honey and agar. I'm quietly confident this time... But I've said that before 😀

[@dengshomeinvasions1273]

I reckon just buy masters mix

[@AnthonyHandcock]

@@dengshomeinvasions1273 No need. It worked that time and the times after using coconut and coffee grounds. I think most of my problem may have been using coco blocks. Now I've switched to loose I'm getting some actual 'shrooms. Nice bigguns too 😀 Still much work to be done on my technique but onward and upward etc.

[@wuznotbornyesterda]

My problem with the various substrates you mention is you are concerned with the sterilization of it, but what of having mushrooms growing in straw, soybean hulls, etc which have come from fields having been sprayed with Roundup? I live in corn and bean country in the US and everything is totally sprayed with herbicides and then pesticides and then they are spraying beans again sometimes to kill them so they can harvest in their timing. That yuck would still be in those hulls. Do you have access to organic substrates in AU and NZ? I doubt I could get it here in the USA. I was planning on starting with coffee grounds to see how that would work, but I'm not sure what else to mix with it.

[@bbqpelletsonline]

Organic Soy Hull pellets are available as well in the U.S.

[@ajsassafrass6883]

5th generation US ranch kid. First, there are many kinds of producers, and many kinds of sprays used for different reasons. Not 'everything' is roundup, and there is actually reason to use Roundup or glyphosate in certain applications. Second, you can possibly find growers that don't spray grass fields or are organic. Third, check for a county extension office in your area. They offer free information and work directly with the agriculture industry, and should be able to help you out with questions.

[@bencastor9207]

​@@ajsassafrass6883bros really trying to justify growing mushrooms in substrates full of pesticides. Lmfao. The point is; why bother with that when organic substrates exist?

[@ajsassafrass6883]

@bencastor9207 why do you think organic means no chemicals? Some of you assume a lot with those labels. Example: BT is an organic pesticide. It's also used in GMO. So, add a million labels with no actual meaning like 'all natural' 'organically grown' 'grass fed' to the unknowing consumer. Annnnnd here you are.

[@Chakalakabombe]

Thank you guys

[@2010mamama]

Thanks a lot for this video

[@danielrotaru4160]

Hi , as living in lakeside area, can only dried reeds and/or cattail be used for raising oysters ,or should I coplement the substrate with beech tree sawdust ( the only hard wood product that I found in stores in my area)? Thank you so much! .

[@GroCycleTV]

We've not tried dried reeds ourselves, but have found that oysters are very adaptable and a very strong grower on a huge range of substrates - our advice is to experiment by growing on two bales, one from reeds only, and one supplemented with sawdust. Keep everything else the same, so substrate weight, spawn rate, incubating and fruiting conditions the same - the yield should then give you the answer!! Good luck and let us know how you get on!

[@AM-xo7lr]

Hi! What about spent soy bean pulp, rather than the hulls, following preparation of tofu? I often have quantities of this 'okara' left. I try to compost it, but I wonder if it would work as a higher N supplement for mushroom substrate? Similarly for spent grains used for brewing?

[@RJJAtkin-of3rb]

No one seams concerned about GLYPHOSATE being in the substrate -Soy Wheat etc???Deadly stuff.-destroys your immune system.

[@Yoggoth]

I have decided (yesterday) to learn and to grow mushrooms for two reasons Mushroom are cool and tasty and vegan I have okara

[@mansuetapadica1159]

Sir Can you name or label all picture that you put on the screen. So that we can distinguished all .

[@MirageandReality]

Can you reuse coffee grounds even if it hasn’t been brewed recently, if you pasteurise it?

[@akoatikaw-pilipinas4981]

Hello, I keep on watching your video and sort of I am wondering in here if the RICE HULL can be use as a sole form of substrate. This is also an agricultural waste that seems to be more nutritional than RICE STRAW. If I am not mistaken I can say it can be of good use ( rice hull ) alone for a very good substrate. Please let me know if this idea is useful. Thank you.

[@erin96000]

Do you know any information about supplementing with mealworm frass or dubia roach pellets? 🤔 I use them for plant fertilizer

[@jameskim3915]

I get my from an online store his got shroom, psychedelic and microdosing products well refined also ships to anywhere discreetly, can also guide you on anything.

[@jameskim3915]

His on Instagrams, with also telegrams with,,

[@jameskim3915]

*Mycopete%

[@nesnduma]

Do you think that dead (dried) leaves would make a good substrate? Also, what do you think of hemp?

[@bulletfingrz]

Did you find any info on dry leaves?

[@wilsoncastaway2830]

Brilliant video, thank you. What about hay pellet instead of straw? disadvantages?

[@georgekatsinis5224]

Different nutrient levels, and MUCH FINER can pack too tight, less air, too wet

[@kingmetroplex]

I heard about pastorization I didn't hear about sterilization. What is the ratio of contamination for just the pastorization process?

[@lineaecopermacultura7545]

Buen día, recién estoy iniciando en emundo maravilloso de los hongos, y sus videos me están ayudando mucho para seguir investigando el sustrato ideal según mi zona y quisiera probar con los posos de café, pero quisiera saber cómo pasteurizarlo, gracias y saludos desde Perú

[@scottmcstacy2554]

can you use ground industrial hemp stalks as a mushroom growing substrate? It's anti-microbial and has lignin and cellulose.

[@MadameCorgi]

Where do you get hardwood sawwdust in the UK? It all seems to be softwood

[@nevillejones9197]

You can get hardwood pellets, The pellets they use to fuel a BBQ, They work great use with soy bean hulls.

[@sunilsambyal2659]

Can you advise on best substrate composition for Cordyceps Millitaris

[@tridevkotwal2169]

Love from INDIA 🙏🙏🙏

[@melparadise7378]

I'm just getting into growing and I've found this mulch that's made of 'coconut and other woods' which has a nice texture to it. I'm thinking that I will clean and shred some driftwood and mix it with that for growing some mini shiitake, with some extra wood surface for them to do their thing. :3

[@hondo2757]

I will have a substantial amount of sugarcane bagasse what amendments and sterilization would you recommend rice bran?

[@terencebelton344]

My first attempt at mushroom growing, I have decided on a substriaght on 3 year old horse manure Barly straw and CoCo-Coir. Will be using 30% each and 60 grms spawn. I have steamed all. i shall mix all throughly. place in dark for approx 2 weeks then cut small holes and wait for the development in an indirect light approx 20-25 C. What are my chances of success, any sugestions most welcome

[@raduandrei9901]

hello, i am trying Lucerne straw, first week now looking good. do you tink it will work?

[@ziyad7780]

i couldn't find coco coir in my area, does coco peat work too?

[@mariagomez6924]

I am living in Spain and we have olive production and gulf course with lawn, also eucalyptus trees and of course card board and some cork oak only little water and much solar energy available. I also would like to know if you can't keep the mycelium alive by just adding and feeding more pasteurized food for instance in big buckets obviously accepting slow groth..

[@mariagomez6924]

What about psylocibin what is legal here, horse or even dog manure? Sterilized?

[@setsappa1540]

What a nice channel. Please, is there some gourmet or medicinal plant which grows on coniferous wood sawdust or shavings? Pine and such and a mixture of diferent. Thats what I do have with no issue. Can find one, thank you.

[@nawam.5688]

thanks for info if you were able to get 121 degrees without the pressure in that case can you sterilize your substrate?

[@nikikrastev5606]

I have tried one more substrate material. I have had really good results with it (with Oyster mushroom) and as far as I know is an invasive species in some parts of the US. You can try it out if you have it available locally. It is called Giant Reed - latin name is Arundo Donax .

[@jameskim3915]

I can recommend you to where I get my stuff from an online store.

[@jameskim3915]

He's on Instagrams also on Telegram with the below handle as...

[@jameskim3915]

Mycopete..

[@nikikrastev5606]

@@jameskim3915 Thank you but I am in Europe. Just wanted to provide an idea about one more alternative for a substrate.

[@shawnterry5318]

What are your thoughts on growing on say lumber instead of logs?

[@mouseytopia]

what do you think of hamster bedding- mine is hemp and cellulose with hammy poos?

[@moondreamer1870]

I have chinchilla and he has pine bedding. I wanted to know if i can recycle that bedding by using it as a substrate?

[@prestoncalkins9431]

pine has some anti-fungal properties i would do some more research on it!

[@1ntwndrboy198]

Could I use sphagnum peat moss in my substrate?

[@LowEffortGardening]

This is very valuable thank you. Have you heard of anyone using hemp flower as a substrate?

[@christophergirt4168]

After listening to the aerobic/anaerobic air exchange... does anyone one think a rod of pvc pipe drilled out or similar centered in the bag could assist with air exchange, with denser compacting substrates and hopefully assist mycellium spread speed..?

[@Santiago-ke7yj]

Mushroom will grow thru it

[@ezrajhinton]

Does the substrate a mushroom is grown in effect its edibility? I heard someone mentioned growing oyster mushrooms on cigarette butts either in this video or a different one also on substrates. Would these mushrooms be edible? Are there substrates that make a mushroom dangerous to eat when it normally would not be? Thanks for all the info.

[@anikohaasz3737]

I have a question very similar to this. I got strawbales, that - while growing on the field - might have been sprayed with herbicides (against dicotyledonous). Do fungi/mushrooms accumulate these chemicals into the fruiting bodies? Does anybody know about any research on this?

[@anastasiachery5874]

As far as i know mushrooms bioaccumulates a lot of compounds they find in their substrate. I think they would probably still be "edible" (just like cigarettes will not kill you immediately) but they will probably contain a lot of all the nasty stuff you find in cigarettes. Mushrooms can be used in mycoremediation and help to either digest organic pollutants but for inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals, they will only be able to absorb them through their mycelium and concentrate them... In their fructification ! Again i dont much about mycoremediation so anyone can feel free to correct me

[@princesspaulinenassolo6024]

I want to grow oyester on commercial and business. Coffee ground do you mean the husks after removing the Coffee beans. At the moment I am using cotton hasks.