Helmets: The Sallet Pt. 2

Picking up where we left off, today we will look at some simpler, more accessible forms of the sallet, discuss bevors, and finally conclude with the demonstration of a reproduction in the Late 15th Century German style.
Reproduction Helmet by Greg Wosnak and Patrick Thaden
Photo Album of Featured Reproduction - media/set/?s...
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#medievalarmor #livinghistory #sallet #knyghterrant

[@WozWozEre]

At 2:23 the three holes in the forehead of the sallet are obviously the attachment points for his NVG's, duh.

[@KnyghtErrant]

AN/AVS-9 mounting point of course! I'm not sure how I missed that, I've flown with them so many times you'd think it would have been obvious! ;)

[@death31313]

I really want someone to mount nvgs to a sallet now

[@emamag6455]

@@KnyghtErrant Couldn't those be the attachment for a clap visor like the bascinet, instead of a nasal?

[@davidhoggan5376]

The sallet is definitely my favorite helmet.

[@chickentenders8419]

David Hoggan I like the sallet but I really like the closed and armet helmets

[@joew.3354]

It is for me aswell, such a sexy helmet

[@combobulous7044]

Chicken Tenders lol same

[@combobulous7044]

Actually now I like both equally

[@mukkaar]

I don't know about looks. But it's overall one of the more functional helmets. It isn't perfect because you can stab up to the gap. But overall it still protects the whole face, and very protective of your neck due to lower part. And it's very easy to adjust armour so you can see and breath better.

[@trafledrakel7118]

The bevor's primary function is to protect the knight's handsome beard

[@sojjjer]

Jonathan Ian pfp checks out

[@sebkrauli4793]

The funny thing is, in germany the bevor is called "bart" which means "beard"

[@10THPROPHET]

Other than the Armet, the sallet is one of my favorite looking helms in history

[@-----REDACTED-----]

I would have included the German steel helmet from ww1 onwards as a little joke since its design drew heavily from the sallet...😂😂

[@xenoaltrax485]

This is fast becoming my favorite medieval armor channel. Really appreciate the scholarly approach based on manuscripts, museum pieces, and with dates given as to when an armor piece appears and how it evolves over time. Really good work!

[@KnyghtErrant]

Thank you! I think the contextual sources for this stuff are absolutely necessary for understanding, so I'm glad you're enjoying it.

[@ImZyker]

i literally had no idea medieval people could make buttons... i guess i'm ignorant as fuck but throughout school they taught me that people in the so called "dark ages" where -in a way- retards or very basic and i always associated medieval stuff and knights with basic technology... a couple of months ago i started watching videos on armour and stuff and learned a lot and it completely changed the way i see many things and made me interested in learning crafts and stuff, (i like swords so i learnt to sharpen knives with stones so every knife in the house is sharp which was in retrospect a HUGE mistake but fun s fuck)... little details like fucking buttons blow my mind for some reason. thank you for these videos

[@KnyghtErrant]

Buttons eh? It's usually hinges that I find catch people be surprise. A lot of people seem to think that hinges are a relatively recent invention, but they're pretty damn old. But yeah, we like to think of ourselves as 'smarter' and more 'evolved' than our historical ancestors, but the more you study them, the more you realize we're not any more intelligent, we just have them to thank for paving the way for all the things we take for granted now.

[@ImZyker]

well, hinges too but i got caught up on the buttons for some reason lol!

[@secutorprimus]

Knyght Errant I'm surprised that hinges are what get people. What always gets me are springpins and springlocking. It sounds SUPER modern.

I had a reproduction of the "hindged cheek piece" sallet from the Wallace collection, and to be honest I didn't find it more useful at all when using bows. The string is still in the way if your draw goes to your cheek and if you use a lower draw like a chest draw the helmet is no more a problem. The very fact that it was a unique piece may be a hint about how this was more a test than a real thing, if it was something at all.

[@sojjjer]

Thanks for the post, I had figured that it was more for crossbowman and if it works better for that than I might go buy one.

[@arpioisme]

that "pancake sallet" looks like it screams "pls kill me..."

[@TheGreyhoundGames]

Really? Because I kinda think it looks cool.

[@arpioisme]

different tastes... i eat pancakes

[@gg2fan]

Spectacular work as always my man. These just keep getting better.

[@tummywubs5071]

18:32 I don't know why that looks so silly to me XD but I love it!

[@3851035]

Thanks for doing the salllet, as you promised. Well done!

[@theCreativeAssemblymachinimas]

the biggest advantage on my opinion was that moving the helm higher or lower could turn it from a non vision restricting device (useful for the 99.999% of time during a campaign the warrior does not fight) to a somehow protective/fighting device. Other helmets were more protecting but were probably a big disconfort to wear them all day long during a campaign. Great helm first of all but even bacinet. A sallet adapted to different situations of daily life good. and even different situations of combat too. Did you want full protection? or did you want better vision? you could choose. But on my opinion the big gap between bevor and helm was the first tatget an enemy would aim. And being high over a horse would make accessing that hole even easier for a ground soldier with a spear.

[@Valkanna.Nublet]

I am really enjoying these videos. Thank you.

[@max8orient]

Where have I been all this time? Instantly subscribed, man. Great content, one of the most (if not the most) thorough review of medieval stuff. Love it.

[@KnyghtErrant]

Thank you sir, welcome to the channel!

[@carloscactus]

Excellent videos! You clearly have done your research and show us the period examples which helps so much! Highly informative, with no speculation or historical opinion! KEEP UP THE FANTASTIC WORK!

[@chicagohobbyhero]

Very cool and informative. Thanks for sharing!

[@alexandarvoncarsteinzarovi3723]

My favorite helm of all time!

[@mattbrown5511]

Awesome piece of armor. Thank you.

[@99IronDuke]

Excellent video, as always.

[@sheep1ewe]

Your channel is clearly among the best!

[@KnyghtErrant]

Thank you very much!

[@midguard7917]

Thank you so much for these videos, dude. You definitely earned a sub from me. I was trying to figure out how flexible your head movement could be with the bevor on, so I was stoked to see you actually put the pieces on and move around. Top job and I'll be following your great videos - keep it up!

[@proudtitanicdenier4300]

if the bevor is attached with a clip or something like that, (which many times it was) then the side to side motion would be practically impossible.

[@mtodd4723]

Awesome review !

[@LootMaster007]

Best birthday present, cheers Knyght Errant, your videos have always brightened my day and I hope that the good content keeps coming (With minimal stress, don't want you to overwork for the sake of a fan)

[@Ygdrasil18]

Happy Birthday!

[@KnyghtErrant]

Thank you! Glad I could make your day a little bit better! Happy Birthday!

[@evropaheart]

great, informative video. thank you

[@flordebattaglia5993]

As you mentioned Sallets come in so many different flavours. In such a case we should perhaps talk about the Sallet family of helmet designs which shares some basic common traits while having different configurations, price points and stylistic regional variations. Of course we see similar tendencies already in the antique world where a helmet like the Pilos could come bare or with a brim or cheek guards. Loved the "Archer" variety and intermediate closure of the visor was an eye-opener which finally makes a lot of sense to me!

[@luuk341]

My absolute favourite helmet!

[@sasostumberger4422]

Hey Ian, I love your videos! Do you plan on covering 16th century helmets on the Helmets series as well or only 14th and 15th century styles?

[@user-wy8ct7us2s]

Thanx, Great explanations about salad!

[@tapioperala3010]

Really nice video, and a *damn* nice looking helmet!

[@josephlkraft]

Ian, LOVE your videos! Was wondering if you will be doing a segment on crusader-era helms some time? Love your in-depth analysis and approach to all things armor :)

[@GermanSwordMaster]

I love the aestetics of black sallets worn :D In themselves they look a bit weird granted. But covered with cloth or leather or painted they even in themselves are stunning.

[@abubakrabdelkareem4652]

I will definitely get myself a German style sallet for my future corrazina armour... I already have the aketon and the haubergon for underneath as well as some gauntlets...

[@Peacich]

Just like the kettle helm, the sallet is an ancestor to the modern steel helmet. The german Stahlhelm looks like a sallet without visor.

[@CookingandWH40kVideos]

Learned a lot

[@johnloster6896]

I'm a little late to the party but great videos on Sallets! A couple more sources for their use are the fechtbücher of talhoffer, Faulkner and I think the pseudo-von Danzig. The Italian tradition may also have some there too!! 😄

[@miguelsuarez-solis5027]

I love sallets with articulated bevors

[@airprivate]

Could you do a video on the barbute next? I've always loved that style with its nod to antiquity.

[@KnyghtErrant]

I will cover any armor I can find a high quality reproduction of to show you guys. I don't have access to a barbute at the present time, but I'm always looking for one.

[@userofusers5787]

Now this was a very nice Video!!! I am wearing a Salet (french Bolognese Salet the shop said) which kinda combines the full visor with the segmented long neck protection. I combine it with a bevor (in germany we say "beard") and always wondered if I did that correctly. Seeing your video and how you could move with the helmet (or not move), the breathing capability, sight and also the way the salet and the bevor connected with each other was basically identical to mine. Funny enough I have basically the same bevor, but with a plate part at the back, so it is a full plate collar, which adds a lot of security since it cannot be "pushed" against your throat (its LARP but still alot of shit can happen here) and I am wearing it UNDER my cuirass or brigandine. I dont know if there are sources for bevors under cuirass, but the smith did not object when I bought the collar and the benefit is, that the weight of the whole cuirass is sitting on the large plate collar of the bevor and evenly distributes the weight over my shoulders. The one problem I still have which I could not find a simple solution for is how to secure the visor at "half open" stage to allow best protection and best overview. Because sadly I cannot do the trick of closing the visor and then shifting the helmet back because the neck part of the salet is too long for that and tends to get trapped in my back armor plate :P Anyway, very nice to see that my gear basically works exactly as intended. Makes me confident since especially for LARPing situations the salet + bevor is the best possible combination you can get in my eyes. The collar type you have here (like mine) is also perfekt when worn without helmet (yeah LARP, sorry) or with a hat (again, LARP, sorry) because it can basically still protect the whole face and you can "duck" behind it when arrows or blows come towards your nose or eyes.

[@PieterBreda]

I'd rather wear a pig-ugly sallet than no helm when someone was about to hit me with a sword. Better ugly protection than no protection

[@beneteus3833]

expexially for the head. your brain is kinda important.

[@gso619]

A black sallet is ugly, a spear through your skull is uglier.

[@WozWozEre]

I'd put a bin lid on my head if nothing else was available, head protection above all else!

[@tummywubs5071]

hey a pig face helmet doesn't look bad!

[@Rasgonras]

No helmet looks better and more badass than the Sallet. Aside from Korinthian helmets maybe.

[@fourriversfarm]

Very good video! id love to see one on frog mouth helms!

[@WhistlePigZILLA]

You are a wealth of information, and i appreciate what you do. That said, I'm kinda bummed out that you never offer any advice of any kind about buying armor. At least, not that i have found. if I'm wrong, please point me to it. You clearly own lots of armor, what are trusted methods and sources?

[@MRKapcer13]

I know this video is old and this comment will likely not get any attention, but I just found out that in 1920s the Barbute was considered the same helmet as the Sallet, at least in "A Record of European Armour and Arms Through Seven Centuries Vol. 2" by G.F. Laking (1920). I found that rather fascinating, because I've never seen anyone refer to the sallet and the barbute as the same thing.

[@MRKapcer13]

In actuality what appears to happen is that they define sallets as rounded on top, no matter whether they have classical sallet shape or have cheek protection too. In contrast a barbute is defined by a peak on the top, and is said to be derived directly from the Bascinet.

[@KnyghtErrant]

The lines in some pieces of older scholarship are pretty blurred between the sallet and the barbute. If you look at them from profile, they are very similar helmets. I think we as modern people are way more pre-occupied with splitting things up into nice mutually exclusive groups than people of both the recent past and the more distant past were. The real objects don't always fit so neatly into their own categories.

[@cyrilgigee4630]

With that epic beard he wouldn't actually need liner in the bevor.

[@YoungSavage]

i really want a sallet like that.

[@danny_decheeto8300]

I wish I had a helmet like that is it so cool

[@chrisbritt4266]

Great video I've always liked the salad it's certainly becoming more of top tier helmet Styles but I noticed that your ears stayed kind of unprotected was there extra armor to protect those or other armor pieces it had to be attached or they left open or did you use a cough when actually wearing one of those in combat I am curious about that

[@fboyg91]

I wish the Sallet was in Kingdom Come Deliverance. I know the time period would be a bit off but not inconceivably far off. Bascinets are all fine and dandy but man I really love the sallet.

[@KnyghtErrant]

There are earlier forms of open-faced helmets that might be classified as a 'sallet' even into the 14th century in Italy, but the classical form of sallet would be pretty out of place in KC:D, although it would look pretty cool. Aren't they supposed to support mods?

[@fboyg91]

Knyght Errant mod support is definitely on their road map, however I believe they’re working on adding stories and content like tournaments for the moment.

[@undertakernumberone1]

i hope you might do videos about plate armour sometime (in thes ense of the Gothic and Milanese style late plate armours, maximilian etc.)

[@jpiesse]

This is the first time I have seen someone wear it tilted back and not just an opened visor. With the ease that you moved the helmet between the tilted up and tilted down position, how resistant to moving is it when someone hits it? Would it be a reasonable concern when in the tilted down/maximum protection position that a hit to the face could tilt it back to the point where the eye slot is not longer in front of the eyes and you would be blinded?

[@KnyghtErrant]

It would be very hard to blind you because if the bevor prevents it from tilting down too far, and if it goes the other way you will still see through the gap created between the visor and bevor. This helmet is a little big for me, and I didn't want to punch more holes in the chin strap since it's not mine, but when it's pulled tight it is a lot more resistant to moving.

[@tarz96]

the sallet is my favorite​ helmet

[@arpioisme]

sallet is one of the most beautiful helmet ever

[@flamingooaisis]

Any chance you could do a video specifically about the English style of sallet, and show what differentiates it from the European styles? Great series of videos by the way.

[@proudtitanicdenier4300]

I don't think English really had it's own distinct style.

[@larshuijs2185]

What can you tell me of the stylistic blends of sallets in particular that occurred in Flanders, Burgundy and England? I've done some of my own research but that was so far rather limited in its scope, and I'd love to hear your conclusions. What were the main or most common characteristics of sallets out of these three regions, and where did they originate from (Italian/German)? Nice video as always!

[@jjmbeausoleil]

For some reason I want a salad for lunch.

[@eirikmarthinsen3850]

Its so rediculusly advanced compared to my old kevlar helmet which is basically a bowl with some straps and some camo cloth over it xD

[@johannesdolch]

Great Video, only configuration you forgot(?) was visor down, bever down. So you still have most of the protection, but can breath relatively normally. I would imagine that would be a popular configuration in heavy exertion, direct combat scenarios. One question: With the bever and helmet disconnected, doesn't a blow to the bever, or visor for that matter, drive it directly into your face?

[@starcat7442]

Hi ! Just passing by, i'm a newcomer and i love your stuff I was wondering something, we always see the bevor inside the sallet, is it possible to have the bevor outside ? just thinking about it, since if the bevor is inside you can't really move your head left or right (or at least on certains types)

[@teakew8217]

Quick comment on black sallets: Notice particularly on the very polished example that it's pierced throughout with small pairs of holes (this is quite common on the type). It seems probable that these were for attaching a fabric cover, as another method of making them look fancier. Also, they're often photographed from the least flattering angle - the shape is surprisingly complex in some ways, but it doesn't really show up in the usual side views.

[@KnyghtErrant]

Yes, the paired holes are likely for fabric coverings and they exist on several of the black sallets. As far as the polishing on that particular example, I'm willing to bet that the polishing occurred much later than the working life of that helmet. Some black sallets look very similar to their finer counterparts from the front in terms of shaping while others look even less refined from the front. Goll's thesis has photos from almost every angle of the majority of the black sallets and it's very hit or miss, with some being much better than others.

[@teakew8217]

Yes, that's almost certainly a later polish job - I only mentioned it to identify which specific example I was talking about.

[@nathanielmaxner8884]

Are there any examples of bevors with breaths that had a liner? If so, how would the liner look on the inside to accommodate those breaths?

[@KnyghtErrant]

I am unaware of any that have surviving liners, but generally the bevors that include breaths are in the form of a slit near and parallel to the top edge, so a liner could potentially just be set under it so as not to interfere with air exchange. Here's an image of the type of breath I'm talking about (www.pinterest.com/pin/449515606537559923/)

[@VideosFromVince]

How common were lined bevors compared to the variants without lining?

[@magnuslauglo5356]

When the sallet visor is down and the bevor is up, to what extent can you turn your head from side to side?

[@genericfakename8197]

Between the Armet and the Sallet/Bevor combo, the latter has always looked way cooler to me but always seemed way more inconvenient.

[@caspar_van_walde]

Where can I find pictures og original medieval paintings like the ones you blended in the video?

[@KnyghtErrant]

manuscriptminiatures.com armourinart.com

[@caspar_van_walde]

Knyght Errant Thank you very much for the link and for the fast answer! Keep up your great work and greetings from Germany.

[@axelastrom1831]

tank you for your videos, i have approsiated every one of them, and also alot of my reeanactment friends likes your work. sorry for my miss spellings, i am a swedish speaking person normaly... i have a question, if one looks closely on the black sallets one can see that there are smal holes along the edges of the viser and tale they are made in par. they also occur in the top edge of some visers and in some cases also aproximatly 10cm or 4iches upp from the lower edge in the helmets. so what are they for? the last metioned holes does not occur in black sallet were the rivet heads can be spotted, so can it be that they were lined by stittching?

[@KnyghtErrant]

Thank you for the kind words! The going theory is that they were for the attachment of fabric covering for the helmet (an alternative to painting).

[@kevindecarvalhocampos6868]

When you will do a video about the maximillian armor?

[@knutzzl]

3:23 the side hinge cheek plate remind me of the bassinet stile closed helmets. 5:44 painting munitions grade helmets is good for more thing's. There is a guy with a helmet collecting toll at the gate : we recognise him to be a town guard and not a brigand by the town colours on the helm. Also shared equipment : captain: Hank, why is your helm rusty? Hank : Frits was standing guard in the rain yesterday and neglected to clean it sir.

[@Narguhl]

How do you stop the helmet from wobbling around with viser down and helmet down? If it moves a little bit you are blind and have to readjust.

[@dizzt19]

The collapsible bevor looks neat but with the lining and no perforation breathing must be an issue. I seems to have more front, less back neck protection and more configurations than the bascinet. I guess at that point they were more concerned with frontal flat-shooting and polearms which can go through an aventail...

[@proudtitanicdenier4300]

Alot of times bevors had breathing holes. Of course the sallet is less protective than a bascinet, a sallet is meant to be used for everyone, even light troops.

[@patriciusvunkempen102]

please also do the burgonet

[@beachmaster3486]

Were there bevors that would go all the way around the neck and protect the back as well?

[@KnyghtErrant]

There are a few examples of bevors that include integral plate protection in the back shown in artwork.

[@Ygdrasil18]

Yep indeed. The german word for bevor is Halsberge. What you mean is Ringkragen. So a ring bevor that goes all around your neck and throat.

[@MaxTheGamingMan]

would padding (let's say a well-padded arming cap) be used underneath the sallet?

[@KnyghtErrant]

The liner serves that purpose. An additional arming cap wouldn't be necessary on a self-lined helmet.

[@plaidpvcpipe3792]

If it didn't have a lining, yeah.

[@amang1001]

Kynght Errant i was watching Matt Eastons video on the Sallet and was wondering which style his Sallet would be?

[@KnyghtErrant]

His looks like an Italian export style sallet to me.

[@amang1001]

Also Lindybeige made a video on his antique Mugal armour, im wondering your thoughts on the design and function of that armour?

[@ImEvan]

Hey Ian, just wanted to let you know there's a deleted video in your Arming Series playlist. I ran into it while watching and it got me worried for a minute

[@KnyghtErrant]

Oh, thanks. There was a corrupted upload in there that seems to have gotten added to the playlist that didn't leave when the video was re-uploaded. I'll try to fix that.

[@michaelnicholls3656]

Great video. I love the sallet design, & yours shows how much the bevor shape either compliments it's look or lessons it. side-on your bevor looks bad to me..like a bullfrog puffing out it's throat. I'm sure it's practical & well padded etc. but yeah..some of the other bevor examples you showed looked *so* much better.

[@KnyghtErrant]

This is not my helmet, it's not made for me, it will never fit me like it does its owner.

[@xpavpushka]

It seems to me that those "Black Sallets" were apprentice blacksmith's work. Because of crude work and painting.

[@KnyghtErrant]

A nice sallet will sort of pass through a 'black sallet phase' as it is being forged out and manufactured though. If you just stop refining the shape at a certain point during the forging process of even a fine sallet, you will end up with one of those, so it's not necessarily restricted to apprentices, it's more a way of expeditious manufacture regardless of the armorer's skill but certainly within the realm of less experienced armorers.

[@TomatoBreadOrgasm]

Tell me if I am understanding this correctly: is it accurate to say that spring locks and articulated plates had become highly developed by this point in history, and that these technologies influenced the development of helmets of this period? That's something that I see much more from your sallet videos than from your videos on earlier helmets.

[@KnyghtErrant]

The spring pin was more of a regional development, and only used on some sallets. After the invention of the spring pin, it would be used and various helmets here and there in some capacity for decades to come, but was definitely not a universal. There are still plenty of example of sallets made well after their invention that didn't bother using them.

[@TomatoBreadOrgasm]

Wow, thank you. I appreciate your willingness to respond to the peanut gallery.

[@CyrusOfNaias]

Were there ever Sallets that had a noseguard which drooped down and caught the visor? Maybe there wouldn't be much of a point

[@proudtitanicdenier4300]

that example did not have a visor....

[@kartchner7]

How does the sallet stay up or down when you moved positions? I understand the movable visor or bevor but what keeps the helmet moving when you don’t want it to when you tilted it up or down? Seems too loose

[@KnyghtErrant]

Friction and a properly adjusted liner mostly. The helmet in the video is too big for my head to begin with, but a smaller helmet would sit a lot tighter on my head and not flop about as much.

[@sooooooooob]

How does the pin on the bevor work without that second button as seen on the visor lock?

[@KnyghtErrant]

The pin is on a leaf spring, so it's always trying to pop out. You can push it to depress it, but if you let go, once aligned, it will pop through the hole on the bevor.

[@sooooooooob]

Sweet thanks!

[@cyrilgigee4630]

protecc the necc

[@christopherweidow2634]

When he started taking the helmet apart did anyone else think of Vader being unmasked in ROTJ?

[@madman11893]

I remember a friend saying that most armor from the 14th and 15th century and on to the rennassance would have been painted but victorian museum officials had a obsession with polishing armor

[@fisadev]

judging by the surviving art, that doesn't sound so true to me. Most drawings and paints I've seen from the time show the majority of the armor in some metal-like color. If the majority were painted, I would expect the opposite.

[@fisadev]

(deleted, as comment to which it was replying was deleted too)

[@madman11893]

+Juan Pedro Fisanotti I see your point perhaps the painted armor was reserved for the elite classes on the other hand a intresring painting of combat of the thirty shows golden armor but that could be the artist difrentaitng the French form the English

[@KnyghtErrant]

Much of the plate armor of the 14th century would have been covered by textile, but toward the beginning of the 15th century, the fashion was very much to wear highly polished uncovered armor in the 'all white' style. Painting seems to be more common on rougher and lower-end armors, not the nicer armors (at least in the late Medieval). Higher end stuff tended to be decorated in other ways, like engraving, gilding (with a heck of a lot more gold than modern gold plating), eventually etching, bluing, blackening etc... Polishing a bright surface on armor was especially time consuming and expensive, and thus a sign of expensive armor.

[@Bahael]

When looking at pictures of sallets with bevors it often looks like it would be very difficult to turn your head, as the bevor looks like it's attached to the breastplate. Is there any alternative to a bevor that enables greater freedom of movement for the head?

[@KnyghtErrant]

Some bevors either strap or clip into the breastplate which will reduce range of motion. The alternative is to forego the bevor and rely on a mail collar.

[@HaNsWiDjAjA]

Great video as always Ian! Sorry if my question is not really related to the sallet topic: I have noticed that plate armour was incredibly noisy to walk around with, and not really an option for a fighter who needed to move stealthily. Is mail any better in that regard? What sort of armour would a knight/men-at-arms don when he needed stealth for his particular mission, such as a raid, an ambush or most especially a reconaissance mission? Thank!

[@MrFrowijn]

Well first of medieval combat was not filled with ninja's. So stealth was not really needed. Butt if you wanted protectionathat does not make a lot of noice. Gambeson is great.

[@HaNsWiDjAjA]

MrFrowijn Well, certainly anyone who has studied military history understood that reconaissance missions and raids required at least some degree of stealth. And if you think medieval warfare didnt have any of those, think again.

[@KnyghtErrant]

One of the primary modes of warfare for the English during the Hundred Years War was the chevauchee, which was essentially a 'shock and awe' kind of raid on unprotected settlements. While the initial approach may require stealth, once you're in earshot I don't think they much cared. If you were scouting, you probably weren't in harness.

[@MrFrowijn]

Knyght Errant If you are on horse there is not really a reason not to be in harness. Gambeson is just thick cloth so it would not make noice. Atleast your horse would make more.

[@meatystew5088]

Question, would you recommend that reproduction? Where can I perchase one?I'm a big fan of them, also... Does it come with the Bevor and would it be very historically inaccurate to wear that particular Bevor with a Spanish Morion

[@KnyghtErrant]

Yes, it's a great reproduction. It's not an off-the-shelf product though, this was made specifically for its owner by a professional armorer. A sallet bevor does not belong with a Spanish morion, no.

[@meatystew5088]

Ah thanx, I just wanted to know if it would considered too Different to be worn with a Morion :D Thanx for the Reply

[@sky4eyes]

what is the next helmet video about

[@DaaaahWhoosh]

17:00 I've been wondering, why is it that sallets have visors if you can just push the helmet back? I'm considering purchasing one, and the ones with static visors are obviously cheaper. However, in artwork it seems more common to have a moveable visor, even when it's often displayed in the down position, with the whole helmet pushed back. Even many of the 'munitions grade' sallets have moveable visors, implying it's something you'd pay for even if you didn't have much money to spare.

[@nathancole6678]

I know this is an old video, but if you still monitor it, I have a question. It looks pretty easy to tip that sallet up to expose your face, so I wonder how it would be used in melee combat. It seems like that would be an easy target to exploit when half-swording or using a poll-axe spike. Would it probably be opened in hand-to hand fighting, and only closed when facing ranged weapons on in a charge?

[@KnyghtErrant]

Hi Nathan. That's absolutely a potential way 'in' to a sallet. It's also one of its appeals. Consider that on campaign, the overwhelming majority of your time with that helmet on is _not_ fighting, but probably sitting or standing around. I bet a lot of guys with Great Bascinets on their heads were pretty jealous of all the guys with sallets who could just tilt their helmet back and breathe and get air :) From the artwork (including more precision minded fighting treatises), it would appear that medieval people often liked to fight with visors of various styles of helmets either up, or off when fighting in close to increase peripheral vision and breathing etc.. so it may not have been as big an issue as it appears to us in the modern day. They were, after all, aware of the vulnerability and so they are intelligently going to defend it. We even see depictions of jousters in sallets riding down the lyst with their helmet tilted all the way back on their head!

[@paulc245]

Would a maille coif ever be used if you did not have a bevor to protect your neck? Thanks.

[@KnyghtErrant]

A mail standard (collar) would be more appropriate by this time.

[@paulc245]

Knyght Errant thanks.. Great channel by the way.. as a new re-reactor your channel is the 'go to' for me (as well as my own research with your pointers). I'm just attempting to construct a Lendenier shortly as per your video.. fingers crossed Thanks again

[@KnyghtErrant]

Thank you! Good luck with the lendenier! Don't be afraid to make it tight. If it's loose at all, it will slide down, and defeat the purpose. Remember that you can always cut more fabric and make it smaller, so if you're worried, error on the big side and then cut it down as you refine.

[@paulc245]

Knyght Errant excellent.. thanks for the advice!

[@nemisous83]

hey Ian I have a question where did you buy your specific replica? and did you make the liner yourself?

[@KnyghtErrant]

This was borrowed, and was made by Patrick Thaden and Greg Wosnak. Greg can be found at (facebook.com/MetalSkinProductions/). I believe they made the liner for this one.

[@marcmonnerat4850]

Interesting. What are the diffrences between an Italian barbuta and a salata (sallet)? Unsurprisingly, most Swiss sallets as displayed in museum are a mix of the German and Italian ones.

[@KnyghtErrant]

A lot of museum professionals count barbute as a subset of sallets. In essence, a barbuta is a long-cheeked sallet that usually comes down far enough on the sides to cover the jaw and is either is completely open-faced or utilizes a T or Y shaped facial opening that provides more complete facial coverage without the need of a visor. There are some helmets that really blur the line between barbuta and sallet as well. Where one ends and the other begins is a matter of interpretation, but the far ends of the spectrum are more easily defined.

[@marcmonnerat4850]

@@KnyghtErrant Thank you for your comprehensive response and your video.

[@sealpiercing8476]

Do you know of any medieval helmets that attempted to be rigidly locked to the breastplate so that blows to the helmet at least sometimes wouldn't be able to transmit force to the head or neck?

[@KnyghtErrant]

Yes, several. The primary _war helmet_ that does this is the Great Bascinet. It has collar plates that conform to the breast and backplate. Earlier ones strap down to the backplate and later ones strap both to the breast and backplates. When you get hit in the helmet, a significant amount of that force goes straight into the torso armor. The neck is particularly protected because it's very difficult to make the helmet twist at all. Over the course of the 15th century the Great Bascinet would go from a common war helmet to become more specialized into jousting or tournament equipment because of those characteristics. Late in the 15th century when we really start to see highly specialized _tournament armors_ things like the purpose built _stechhelm_ and later more developed variants of jousting helmets would literally lock to or even bolt down to the cuirass to almost completely protect the head and neck from lance impacts.

[@sealpiercing8476]

Ah, I see. That was the one video from your helmet series that I hadn't watched. Yes, the Great Bascinet style certainly looks the part for something optimized for getting hit very hard, especially from the front, in the head, and surviving the experience. The more or less rigid integration with the breastplate is one component, but now I see that the prominent cone shape in the visor is another critical element in defending against lances through deflection. The stechhelm examples I've seen seem to either extend that cone profile to the whole face, or substitute a ridge, which seems like it might be intended to extend that deflectional protection to the throat defense.

[@drifteramongshadows3122]

Can u make a video about Barbutes? I would appreciate it :)

[@KnyghtErrant]

I will cover any armor I can find a high quality reproduction of to show you guys. I don't have access to a barbute at the present time, but I'm always looking for one.

[@drifteramongshadows3122]

Neat. Then I will keep an eye on your channel and wait ^^ Thanks. Great job on the videos too!!

[@Riceball01]

Great video, as always. Like I said in the comments for pt. 1, I love the sallet, it's probably one of my all time favorite helmet designs. Curious, for testing the vision in your visored helmets (or ones ones that fully enclose the head like a great helm, have you considered putting the helmet over the camera to give a simulated PoV? I realize that a camera doesn't see the same as the human eye does but I'm curious if it's close enough to give us an eye of what it looks like from your point of view. One last thing, have you ever knocked your computer off of the table? I'm always nervous watching your videos because I'm always expecting you to move your arm wrong and knock the computer right off of the table. I'm sure that it's on the table pretty securely but the corner hanging off the end always makes me feel that you're going to knock it off.

[@KnyghtErrant]

Camera in helmet produces a really bad result. The stereoscopic vision of our eyes is what makes vision slits work. Our brain tends to erase things like bars over the eyes, and the interruption between the left and right sights in a lot of helmets etc... I haven't yet found a way to capture that with a camera, (or even two cameras). The computer's safe :) It's a forced perspective thing... it's really only the back corner that's at the edge of the table, it's solidly on there.

[@Riceball01]

Knyght Errant Figured as much, on both accounts. Out of curiosity, just how bad are we talking about, like completely nothing like seeing it with your own eyes bad, just a slit or slits?

[@KnyghtErrant]

it's really not very comparable to what you see. It makes it look like you can barely see anything at all, which just isn't the case. I'll keep working on to relate a more accurate sight picture.

[@Riceball01]

Knyght Errant Figured as much. Thinking about it, one way to simulate a PoV is to do it in post and put a mask (like what they do for a bino or scope view in movies and TV) around the frame showing roughly how much you can see and what it looks like. Alternately, you could take a still frame and add the mask in Photoshop and then show the resulting still image.I'm guessing one of those two methods would the best way to go about showing us what it looks like from your PoV unless there's some kind of camera trick that allows you to do it.

[@michaelwhite8031]

Why didn't they put breaths in the bever ?

[@CharlesOffdensen]

I always wondered, if you paint your armor, wouldn't that make it easer to fight off the rust?

[@stevengood1812]

Yes

[@ME-hm7zm]

It would be, yeah. This is also why some models are kept black with soot from the forge - just never polished after it's been done up.

[@Ulfheodin]

uuuuh.... You mean black oiled ? Polished armor rust faster yeah, but non polished steel rust just a bit slower just a little bit.

[@KnyghtErrant]

Yes, paint will help with corrosion. Highly polished armor also helps with corrosion. The smoother the surface, the less micro-irregularities for moisture to adhere to and oxidize the underlying iron or steel. Rough from the hammer or poorly polished armor is far more likely to rust than highly polished smoother surfaces.

[@Kirtahl]

I wonder why I have not seen ear breaths in sallets.

[@chadherbert18]

It looks like you could knock the head back and then thrust into the open face, even when its closed; however, I'm not sure how easy that would be to accomplish without help... :)

[@KnyghtErrant]

That is one of the vulnerabilities of the sallet. It's definitely not as protective as an armet or great bascinet. But consider that a lot of people wore open-faced sallets with no bevor at all, so the *need* to entirely enclose the face is very dependent on a lot of different factors. Even visored helmets are often depicted with the visor up during close-in fighting.

[@chadherbert18]

I spare in HEMA with Dussack, Single-stick, and Longsword and it's pretty rare to hit the face area of our fencing masks - the top of the head is a common target though - maybe they were just playing the odds... :)

[@LordVltor]

Sallet looks funny. I was wondering: is possible to fiddle with a head stand and carve a hole in it to position a camera in, and offer a 'PoV' from inside various styles of helmets? That would be quite immersive to see, if doable.

[@KnyghtErrant]

No, it doesn't work, I've tried. The problem is our stereoscopic vision. When you look through binoculars for example, you only *see* one image because your brain transposes the information received by each of your eyes into one coherent image. When you look through the vision slits of a helmet, your brain tends to 'erase' things like the interruption between the two sites, or the bars covering sites on certain styles of helmet. A camera doesn't produce the same result at all.

[@LordVltor]

Ah, right, I totally forgot about that - not sure if it's achievable by using two cams and then going though a mess of post-production editing, but I guess the effect wouldn't still be the same. I know audio can be made binaural using two different microphones placed at 'ear-distance', but I guess reproducing the same effect for the eyes won't be so easy.

[@KnyghtErrant]

3d Cameras are kind of like the analog to binaural microphones in that they utilize two lenses set approximately eye-width apart. I don't have one obviously, but that is something that may be able to work. I've experimented with taking multiple photographs from inside but it never really gives a good impression. I will keep at it though and maybe I'll figure something out.