Historian Reacts - The Emu War by Oversimplified

[@Hudcrudder]

As an Australian this war is still ongoing and no peace treaty has been signed

[@LinardsZ]

Australia signed it but emus didnt

[@XaviRonaldo0]

What about roos?

[@beardedgeek973]

They keep running away, don't they?

[@TheOneGuyAce]

Why would the emus quit while they're ahead?

[@steven_miles5545]

I would have just dropped atomic bombs on those Emus, it's a much faster way of blowing them up to smithereens in large numbers, rather than wasting 10 rounds per confirmed kill. I know 10 rounds per confirmed kill is not as much as what was wasted in World War ll or The Vietnam War but my point still stands. Buying ammunition is not cheap. I'm also aware that the atomic bomb didn't exist in 1932 but let's pretend it did.

[@hans7500]

I like how oversimplified called emus "discount ostriches"

[@greatalmightybritain3541]

I didnt ask

[@Bendyrulz]

Bloody jingoists

[@rasmusn.e.m1064]

It's true, but their eggs are blue!!

[@starman6468]

@@rasmusn.e.m1064 hold up, Do you mean... 🔵🥶BLOO🥶🔵?

[@brodygray1880]

Bruh, ostriches are discount emus lol

[@nalinea18]

The reason the emus could tank bullets is that the actual body is smaller under the feathers. If you hit them anywhere except dead center in the body or the head, chances are the bullet will just pass through the feathers or hit their pretty robust pelvic bone. As a flightless bird the emu isn't screwed if you mess up the feathers (unlike any flying bird, where they'll fall from the sky because their aerodynamics suddenly went to hell in a handbasket), so they can just run away without much damage. Even inside their actual bodies things aren't that tightly packed, so bullets can easily go through them and miss everything important, but if they were covered in short furt instead of bushy feathers, their bodies would be way smaller. In other words, the emus are magic.

[@anderskorsback4104]

Also, birds have generally bodies with a very low density, otherwise they couldn't fly, and I'd assume flightless birds are kind of like that too. Most bullets probably overpenetrated and went quite cleanly through.

[@socraticmethod-man9808]

Sabaton needs to do a song about this and drop it on April fools day.

[@Railfan105.]

Yes... Good.

[@NotTheGenZEminem]

~And that’s when the dead birds attack~

[@Tuning3434]

... So we made a song about it. think it will have a cameo of Indy Neidell too?

[@AngelWolf12]

Can we all take a moment and admire how much effort Oversimplified puts into making history entertaining, while also covering so much? Like I wish this channel was around when I was a kid in school, it's a great jumping off point for kids to learn history, laugh, and keeps them curious for a more in-depth lesson. Just brilliant and helpful work.

[@thestinkiesthumanbeing8358]

I agree, although I was around in school to use some of this knowledge (I used to add extra information) I wish I found this channel earlier.

[@kingmac6638]

I mean school would never incorporate actual fun and frankly more informative videos into their curriculum rather than their weird videos that have a monotone narrator and are super boring The most I have ever seen school do is show us an infographics show video ever so often

[@anathardayaldar]

No matter what kind of humor is used, someone somewhere will take offense to it. Public schools cannot risk it.

[@kingmac6638]

@@anathardayaldar It isnt just public schools I went to a military school and they didnt show us anything more than infographic shows

[@kingmac6638]

@@anathardayaldar wait not like the bad military schools I mean a school on a military base for people living overseas.....lol

[@ItsAVolcano]

A Lewis gun was one of the few machine guns you could actually fire like that. The massive shroud isn't heated that much by the gun so as long you don't mind the hearing loss it works fine with the shoulder bipod.😁

[@smort123]

You mean bipedal bipod?

[@bryantrussell120]

In addition the firing of the gun caused a suction that pulled air through the shroud thus cooling the barrel it's petty clever

[@davidius74]

What? Speak up man I can't hear you. LOL

[@aquilaFUN]

Oversimplified x Vlogging Through History is my favourite thing on KZbin by a MILE.

[@xander4670]

Since we’re watching a video about australia *by two kilometres

[@shabeinabanu7153]

@@xander4670 or y’a know, any other country

[@GalacticDragon05]

WE FINALLY GOT IT. The best war in history and no one can tell otherwise period.

[@ConkerVonZap]

The Kiwi war gonna beat this one, just wait.

[@zjjohnson3827]

@@ConkerVonZap the wat

[@poulay4267]

@@ConkerVonZap wait what?

[@jojo_da_poe]

@@ConkerVonZap funni New Zealand meme

[@Ventro_Devientro]

Goat War: "Finally! A worthy opponent! Our battle will be legendary"

[@isaacrandomrussell5630]

18:29 I just realized that the map of Australia is upside down for the soldiers, that’s surprisingly good attention to detail.

[@cleverusername9369]

I used to live near an emu farm in North Carolina and occasionally one or more would escape, so it was just common wisdom in the town that at any given moment you might encounter an actual dinosaur or even a pack of them. Horrifying. The farmers eventually upgraded their fencing after enough complaints from people who had been chased or attacked by the emus.

[@booklandia2913]

I'll be honest, Sir. I really wished that you were my history teacher. I've been hooked to your channel since August (I love watching reaction videos, so KZbin recommended a video of yours to me, and I don't regret clicking it on it!). Your commentaries are characterized by erudition and professionalism. I also love your jovial attitude, Sir!

[@joselegaspi2549]

So proper and polite.

[@OGVade]

what a proper lad. Keep that taste for history alive.

[@TheJohnPaulJones]

Exquisite 🎩

[@Shoe]

Exactly 89 years ago yesterday (it's now 3rd November in Australia) the Emu War began! It's honestly my favourite story to tell to foreigners. It's like one big slapstick comedy.

[@HereticHero]

Lol you lost to birds

[@hackbertgrutzkotz7653]

I hope there will be a big parade for 100th anniversary.;)

[@YourLastM1stake]

Fun fact. The Australian cavalry troops used an emu plume in their hats, and one of the reasons used to sign off on the military culling was that the emus feathers would be used to make more of the emu plume slouch hat for the military.

[@ryanstebbins3102]

The Lewis gun was different from most light machine guns of the period. it had an aluminum radiator pressed onto the barrel and the steel shroud was to protect the radiator. The shoudwouldnt get hot. The way it worked was that when a cartridge was fired it would draw air over the radiator pulling out all the heat and cooling the barrel. That's is also how the Lewis gun makes its iconic sound. Also, it couldn't be fired continuously over time. The magazine was to small and you would burn out the barrel to quickly, you had to use it in bursts. The advantage of the Lewis gun is that it was accurate and very portable.

[@hiderz]

While I love how much extra info you add in to your reactions, no historian knows everything, so don't be put off reacting to something you don't know much about chances are we will probably like the video either way if it's something that interests us.

[@pyronuke4768]

17:12 so fun fact about the Lewis gun, that big thick "barrel" is actually a cooling shroud. The way it works is firing the gun creates a pressure differential between the two ends of the the shroud, causing air to flow through it and cooling the barrel within. Because the shroud itself isn't directly connected to the barrel, it connects to the gun's frame instead, it actually doesn't get all that hot. (I mean, it still does get hot, but not uncomfortably so.) I'm more concerned about the guy's hearing, or the gun slipping off his shoulder and shooting him in the back, than I am about the heat.

[@clashof6d]

Probably the funniest war that i know of. I have also watched the owersimplified video of this like 20 times and now im watching this. Also love your videos, specially where you add info to some of the parts where thw video lacks info.

[@tnret94]

The rabbit reference is due to the fact in 1907 WA built a massive fence which was rabbit proof. It was the longest fence in the world on record at the time.

[@AmFuture]

I got so excited when you started to talk about the Pancho Villa expedition! I’ve been studying Villa ever since I was a kid. The single action revolvers that Patton famously wore throughout his career are the same ones he used in the expedition where he killed one of Pancho Villa’s captains Julio Cardenas

[@AdamJ11]

I’m rewatching this 2 years later but had a thought to your point about rounds per kill. I feel like the numbers of actual war must be inflated as lots of shells, bombs, and rounds are used to disable factories, supply lines and military equipment. Shooting at emus and emus only SHOULD have better rates if you think about it. My favorite history reactor on KZbin! Keep it up!

[@Harv72b]

12:36 That allegedly happened. When it quickly became obvious that the gunner was too busy holding on for dear life as the truck bounced over the rough terrain to actually _shoot_ any birds, a local who'd come along for the fight decided he'd run some over instead. One bird went through the windshield and became lodged in the steering wheel, causing the truck to crash.

[@ImPhoebe]

I just simply LOVE videos of VTH "reacting" (+adding cool/interesting informations) to Oversimplified content, it is both entertaining and instructive.

[@chronicallyboredenby]

As a kid who’s getting into history and geography, these videos are great.

[@terrysanders7933]

Absolutely the best combo for history on YT, I haven't been able to stop watching VTH, I have every video of OS downloaded and watch them multiple times, Absolutely love the OS combined with VTH Videos though.

[@brettthebest3978]

As an Aussie it’s sad ur wife doesn’t want to come to our beautiful country Literally first time heard of a spider season maybe in some parts of Australia but not all Also one last thing everyone likes to make fun of us about the emu war but we were first country to beat the nazi and Japanese in a land battle….

[@winterdragon8236]

Honestly I just hate how people think the meme are real about this country are home land is gorgeous

[@polarpunk8861]

The land of Steve Irwin and Finding Nemo sounds like a great place to visit. I prefer the cold so I would not like to live there, but the hype around how dangerous Australia is, is severally overblown

[@shaner1912]

@@polarpunk8861 when we propagate the Drop Bear risk, we have done it to ourselves lol

[@richardsanchez5444]

I didn't know that about the Nazis and Japanese. Pretty nice. Just goes to show how tough the emus are. I wonder if the axis powers would have recruited them.

[@liambenn1214]

This is probably my favourite oversimplified video, such a hilarious war with his humour added on top is perfect

[@WolfyDF]

The funny thing about this is if I remember correctly. One of the British Nuclear proving grounds in Australia was named "Emus field."

[@nicknunez846]

Man i love your videos so much ! You and Mr Terry are the best reactors

[@clashof6d]

True, but i think vth is better but terry isnt bad either.

[@nicknunez846]

@@clashof6d i agree

[@memecliparchives2254]

And Teacher Eddie is also great too.

[@kylegoodwin8673]

I was going to say, as someone who spent time on a machine gun team, ten rounds per confirmed target, even just pop up range targets, is really good.

[@XaviRonaldo0]

The funniest thing about those Mel Gibson jokes is that he's American...he doesn't even have Australian citizenship

[@trevorfilis537]

Exactly! I remember looking that up a long time ago because they always say he is Australian, and I was like "What?!".

[@maximilianolimamoreira5002]

yeah, but his father wanted him to dodge the vietnam war draft.

[@idontknow8935]

@@trevorfilis537 he was born in the us but spent pretty much his whole life in Australia. He’s Australian in my books.

[@gallow9887]

@@idontknow8935 He spent ten years in Australia. Not even a third of his life. Edit: After a quick confirmatory Google search, it was actually 18 years. He arrived in 1968 and returned to the U.S. in roughly 1984. At his age now (65), my point still stands, but less authoritatively.

[@idontknow8935]

@@gallow9887 he himself said that he was Australian

[@chadvonfulgrim]

As an aussie the way you say emu grinds my gears like alt history hub sayin "briddon" grinds yours! great ep tho!

[@Trashypotato]

I was waiting for someone else to agree with

[@ZelenskyPlane]

Not ee-moo, Eem-you

[@winterdragon8236]

I hate how thay say emu

[@johndoe6260]

Literally you are my favorite channel

[@bhals4_955]

We actually have another big bird about the same size in Australia called Cassowary it's actually got the same skeletal structure as a Velociraptor

[@kayvan671]

Next please, the three Kingdoms of Oversimplified. Its one of my favorite.

[@MisterWillRecap]

I always love your videos and I have actually used your videos as my bases for some of my schoolworks about history and especially my World War I and World War II presentations.

[@luis_g_77]

Finally I've been waiting eagerly to hear your thoughts on this brutal and world changing event

[@majindomttv3903]

Wow the stats on amount of rounds fired per killed in the other wars you mentioned was staggering I’m shocked it was that much. I figured it would be in the 10ks but 50k per kill is crazy. I’m storing that on my annoying war facts to tell my wife and kids. Lol

[@amalgam777]

Haha although emus are huge and fast, they're pretty timid by nature. If you ever encountered a wild one it'd be gone faster than the Flash! But emus aren't even the only giant flightless bird we've got here in Oz - the species you've really gotta watch out for is the Cassowary. Same size as emus but hella aggressive, you really don't wanna bump into one of those giant feathered murder-machines if you're outside your vehicle! They've killed tons of people; a way better candidate to declare war on ...

[@maZnaa]

Was waiting for this for the longest time. Great reaction as always!

[@TheTexasCowboy56]

Fun fact about the carrier that he landed on, it was one my brother was serving on. And they where on deployment for a long time I think one of the longest deployment for the Navy in modern history I forget. Let's just say they where not to happy cause what they didn't show you was just how close to San Diego they where you can see the beach. And all they wanted to do was get home, and that night they where trying to pack up and stuff secrets servers came up to tell them to quiet down cause the president couldn't sleep.

[@wilhelm_iron2359]

On the topic of the Lewis Gun, they used an air cooling system that sucked in air from the back of that huge shroud to the front. This kept the guns much cooler than expected of most other guns. That big shroud also has huge aluminum fins inside of it surrounding the much smaller barrel

[@magnusemilfurnes238]

I like how the Emu’s have the same tactic as Napoleon’s opponents….run away😂

[@Yora21]

The Lewis gun has this really big pipe around the barrel. Don't know for sure, but I am assuming that it's some kind of protection to keep the hot barrel from touching anything else.

[@adamestes5227]

Yes, it’s a water jacket to keep the barrel cool. While that was common on Lewis guns issued to ground forces, the water jackets were removed when they where being used on aircraft given the temperatures they were fighting at didn’t need a water jacket to cool down the guns, and it was just extra weight. The Germans in WWI also modified their MG 08 machine guns (which were usually water-cooled mounted machine guns) and made them air-cooled when used on their aircraft as well.

[@HystericalHuntress]

17:28 Forget the risk of burns from the barrel shroud (because it would've taken like 8-10+ pan mags dumped consecutively to even get hot enough to burn through thick clothing like that), think of that poor man's ear drums.. this was before stuff like earpro was super common.

[@waltergc5443]

2:05 a giant jail island

[@stephenwright8824]

And Brisbane was incorporated as a jail for those in Australia, mostly but not all parolees, who broke the law after they were transported there.

[@venomousstriker4715]

7:47 they can also kick like a mule

[@bluefanofeverything4329]

I'm waiting for this one. I REALLY thought that this was fiction but it's not. Are you gonna react to more History Matters? I was really pumped when you first reacted to his channel.

[@nrrork]

Well, in war against human opponents, most gunfire is for suppression or cover. You're not necessarily shooting to kill, just to keep them from advancing.

[@BENJAMIN-ls8jo]

I like the punitive expedition. They called Patton the bandit killer during his tour in Mexico. Plus what caused the US to invade Mexico was the final straw raid on Columbus New Mexico. There is actually an interview with a victim who was there. The US soldiers there in Columbus actually had to break into there armory to get there guns to return fire and when the Bandits lite up apart of town. They basically had shown there position and as it's said the US troops finally got to work. Also as another fun fact. There was a family who escaped the town during the raid and there car was shot up. The baby on the back seat flew out of the backseat and landed in the front seat at there mom's feet unharmed.

[@ericbyo9472]

The "omg Australia so scary" thing is so overblown it's ridiculous. I grew up there and saw in total during my entire childhood, one harmless snake and maybe a handful of black widows (redbacks).

[@winterdragon8236]

I'm the same as you on that one

[@dwarfwithattitude1723]

I lived on the edge of a national park. Can confirm everything tried to kill me, including my parents >

[@rcslyman8929]

Well I grew up in Detroit, and know how many Black Widows I've seen? None. I mean, they've all probably been burned up during Devil's Night, but I certainly never seen any.

[@JustAnotherAccount8]

Pff you obviosuly grew up in tasmania. On the mainland we have drop bears, kangaroos who shatter windows and destroy families, killer birds during spring among others.

[@psychoclownxp127]

Discovered your channel when I got covid in September and was home for awhile for some reason history videos always interest me especially when history teachers react to it and gives facts and their opinions on it history music and art was always my favorite subject especially when back in high school I had this history teacher who always made lessons cool

[@patrick60485]

This is great Chris! Keep it up!!

[@TiciaM]

The original video is one of my family's favorites of theirs.

[@jtc120880]

Kinda reminds me of the story where their helo pilots were flying in a sim and the emus took cover and popped up with shoulder fired SAMs because the programmers just reused the infantry coding for wildlife

[@RandomPerson0646]

Source?

[@jtc120880]

@@RandomPerson0646 been years, looks like I misremembered a little. It was kangaroos not emus. Snopes has an article.

[@JS-ui5ew]

13:55 I do understand it has its entertainment value but it is less so when it's you that is actually governed by a house that values showmanship and applause by their peers for cheap puns and jokes more than factual discourse. Just speaking for the UK here...

[@JonahNelson7]

Yeah I can see that, they're getting paid to make jokes lol

[@Hollywood2021]

That was the best description of currency manipulation ever

[@civicr6693]

As an Australian, its really not that bad. The animals mostly leave you alone if you leave them alone. In North America, you have bears. I’d like to keep my deadly animals stompable if at all possible. Also, Its pronounced ‘em-ew’ or ‘em-you’ not ‘em-oo’. Though you Muricans pronounce English all wrong

[@stephenwright8824]

Thank you. I was going to make a similar comment re the pronunciation of emu.

[@cervanntes]

I know I am late to this discussion, but the scene where the rabbits rush in to finish off what the emus started reminds me of the desperate rabbit drives that were going on in the Dust Bowl states shortly after the emu war. What the jackrabbits lacked in the size and bullet-resistance of the emus (I think they run about the same speed) they made up for in sheer number. Western Kansas alone estimated over 8 million jackrabbits on the rampage. I know Australia had similar rabbit problems as well albeit for different reasons.

[@damelillardfan]

Oh another jersey, this time Ipswich? This guy knows his football man

[@AKAZA-kq8jd]

After you mentioned that Australia has a spider season I actually look it up and my jaw fell to the ground 😳

[@johnthomas2485]

A lot of "prisoners" from England were Higlander Jacobites during the Highland Clearance.

[@johnthomas2485]

And Irish

[@abc68130]

1:20 As someone who lived in Australia for a few years, believe me when I say by far the worst of the things he listed was the vegemite sandwich. That stuff is nasty.

[@kanjakan]

Tf

[@undeadnerd7102]

Yay! I have always wanted to see his reaction on this one :)

[@gabrielokon-rocha3477]

0:28 "Great Emu War"

[@masteryoda7207]

Yay, thank you! I really enjoyed this video. Can you do The Three Kingdoms by Oversimplified next?

[@nimsarasamaranayake9918]

Thank You Sir has been waiting ever since I start watching your channel and oversimplified 🔥❤

[@MrTim2031]

A note on the ammo expenditure: in battle, most ammunition is not expended to directly kill the enemy. As human enemies, unlike emus, have the ability and propensity to shoot at you, much of our ammunition is used to suppress the enemy. You keep his head down to allow a friendly unit to move into a position of relative advantage. From there, you either attack by fire where you can better hit the enemy, or assault through an objective, shooting the enemy as you go. So much of our ammo is used in an attempt to get closer to the enemy to make shooting him easier. Clearly emus can’t do this so less ammo is needed.

[@charliez395]

THE TRULY BEST REACTION OVERSIMPLIFIED REACTION VIDEO

[@ET_Bermuda]

It's FINALLY here! Seriously tho, this is one of my favorite stories.

[@eldanaroilumbar]

Extra History made an Emu War series recently, you can check that out as well.

[@swdjgaming3182]

Extra credits recently did stuff on the great emu war as well if you want more information about the war.

[@SomeRandomGuy499]

Another awesome video. I just love this idea that you not only react, but also go deeper into the subject in every video. First time youtube recommended me your channel was around week ago and since then it's becoming one of my favorites. Great job! And, by the way and completely off the topic: I watched your reaction videos on the topic of Simon Bolivar. Extra History mentioned Gregor MacGregor and did you know, that this guy, besides taking his part in South American Wars of Independence, was a con man responsible for one of the greatest frauds in history? His story is absolutely bonkers, there are also some KZbin videos on the topic (Biographics channel made pretty decent one)

[@youbhaskar1550]

this is the only guy who welcomed me to his channel and said 'look around, we've got many things'❤

[@Crabbiy]

I love how running away just always works, even for discount ostriches...

[@CodyChepa88]

I've been waiting for you to react to this one. I watched the video like 2 weeks ago . love oversimplified. Keep up the good work and im looking forward to the next Vicksburg video. 👍

[@Larathen]

The Lewis Gun used a "cooling jacket" mechanism where there was a whole shroud around the barrel, typically using air flow to cool but sometimes water cooled, so its possible to shoulder mount a lewis gun without burning! Think like the radiator for cars.

[@micahfodor8433]

We may have, some of the most poisonous spiders, the most venomous snakes, dangerous Jellyfish and Biggest Crocodiles in Australia but we also have less murder.

[@SondreGrneng]

Yeah, the second I learnt that there is spider rain in Australia was the second I decided I never want to visit.

[@LifesGuardian]

Love it! Gonna check out the rest of your mini-wars. Not sure why I wasn't notified about 'em. KZbin... Lol

[@Robert-ir4fs]

I mean to be fair Australia did only use two soldiers but its still hilarious that a major nation lost to a bunch of birds

[@Arengeesus]

Australia : I didnt lose. I merely failed to win'

[@unknownguyindo4356]

You know, there is someone that create an alt-history that includes paralel to Emu's War but instead of Emu's it was Hippo's, and Hippo's fight back. In Emu's War, there casualties on one sides while the Hippo's War have casualties on both sides. It's bloody hilarious.

[@scyxon8919]

The whole world makes jokes about french soldiers. But french soldiers make jokes about the australian army.

[@SentinelGhost]

I could laugh about this but if I'm going to be honest here in Texas we are dealing with a similar issue with hogs. In our case though they breed faster than we can pop them. I don't thing the Texas guard has really gotten involved but there are counties that on occasion will use the bounty system to try to control the population

[@Shim4444]

I bet Australia tried to use emus as cavalry

[@Milty2001]

When you realize that oversimplified makes history fun and exciting to learn more than your history teacher

[@williamsutter2152]

In the mid 1890s, we had a recession in Australia, it actually delayed the process of federating the Australian colonies by a few years.

[@deananddevonoutdoors9170]

I think the best videos you do are the oversimplified ones, and nice intro, I think you should use it a lot more!

[@antoninuspius1747]

There's a great book called "Dirty Little Secrets of WWII" by Dunnigan and Nofi that has all sorts of interesting stories and data like the number of rounds used per kill. One I remember was for German Flak guns (88 et al) they expended 1000 rounds per bomber shot down.

[@coachgoltzbizpro23]

Australians vs. Their own national bird. I don't have anything for this...

[@semaluhtounuyulohowwa]

I thought Franklin pierce was on the emu’s side because of the thumbnail

[@littlekads218]

was not expecting a man eating a animal at the intro lol and I great depression after a great depression after a great depression AND BEST OVERSIMPIFED VIDEO EVERRRRRRRRR

[@TheMapleBean]

As far as I can tell, humans never stood a chance against the living dinosaurs that are emus

[@wezleyhead]

Hey from Australia, just helping with pronunciation it’s em-you not em-oo ☺️ Loving the content lately mate.

[@riptide2054]

I've been waitinf for this video

[@thegtaandfifagamer1645]

my country is amazing other then the fact that we lost a war to a bunch of birds

[@bierwolf8360]

and current affairs, of course

[@jamoblair7245]

@@bierwolf8360 shit's exaggerated

[@bierwolf8360]

@@jamoblair7245 I don't believe that. But even if it was exaggerated, it's still way too much. I'm against ANY measures.

[@jamoblair7245]

@@bierwolf8360 So weird sitting at a beachside cafe, restriction free and having foreigners twlling me about my own life. Where I live has had about 3 weeks of lockdown over the past 20 months. Noone is even wearing a mask in sight. Life has gone on as normal in most of the country outside of Melbourne. Turn off CNN and FOX and listening to people who couldn't even find our cities on a map.

[@GREY_0.10]

Heya mate do you think that australia in this video looks adorable with the arms and legs

[@Blowerskieran]

I love the ipswich shirt! my local club it’s insane how not only i watch ur videos u have an ipswich shirt aha

[@marsillinkow]

wow this is early, love ur content man

[@Natalieexi]

if you were my history teacher, i'd actually pay attention in history :)

[@EricAKATheBelgianGuy]

I couldn't stop laughing about one of the "memories" being the car flipping over and blowing up in slow motion.