History of the Dravidian Languages

History of the Dravidian Languages, Proto-Dravidian, South Dravidian, North Dravidian, Central Dravidian, Tamil, Malaylam, Kannada, Tulu, Toda, Kota, Irula, Kodagu, Kolami, Parji, Telug, Gondi, Kui, Brahui, Kuruch, Malto
Music
Healing - Kevin MacLeod
Το τραγούδι Healing του καλλιτέχνη Kevin MacLeod έχει άδεια με βάση το εξής: Creative Commons Attribution (creativecommon...)
Πηγή: incompetech.com...
Καλλιτέχνης: incompetech.com/

[@kohaku_amba]

The idea of the Indus River Valley civilization speaking an ancient Dravidian language has always been so cool to me

[@glennjacksonofficial3001]

And yet we have no evidence that Dravidian language had ever existed there.

[@andreparoni]

You never cease to amaze me... Do you ever think about doing something similar with the languages of America (North, Central and South)?

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. I will pass to America later

[@gaga7755]

Dravidians, Georgians and Basques are only people who have survived a massive Indo-European migration. They have preserved their own language and culture.

[@mirzabaig17]

Georgians even preserved their alphabet

[@secretarchiveofabobabasein1908]

@@mirzabaig17The georgian alphabet didn’t exist yet when the Indo-Europeans spread, it was created much later

[@aschs8230]

It's not Dravidian, It's Tamil language

[@jaydengreenberg9618]

Finns, Sami, Estonians, Native Americans?

[@Alonoda]

Chinese??? and so many other groups

[@hoangkimviet8545]

It is interesting to know that Basque and Dravidian languages still exist after the Indo-European invasions. They are really the remnants of old civilizations before Indo-Europeans infiltrated.

[@gtc239]

Invasion? More like migration honestly.

[@joshygoldiem_j2799]

What invasion? Did the Indo Aryans really displace the Dravidian people when they settled here? As far as the research we have goes, we can't describe it as anything more than a migration and intermixing with the locals.

[@gtc239]

​@@joshygoldiem_j2799 Yup, i hate how people uses "invasion" here.

[@joshygoldiem_j2799]

@@gtc239 oh the legacies of colonialism

[@GrigRP]

@@joshygoldiem_j2799 Yes, they did. They displaced the dravidian Indians and pushed them to the south.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Many scholars also think there is a Macro language family named Elamo-Dravidian or even Sumero-Elamo-Dravidian

[@TheBobVova]

It's just a theory, right?

[@The-Devils-Advocate]

@@TheBobVovaa linguist theory!

[@AbrahamLane-j9b]

There's a high likelihood it's related to what was spoken in Elam.

[@aravindhrajgowda2446]

Thank you for this presentation, I am a kannada speaking Kannadiga and I am living in Tamil Nadu, I know both the languages and I can understand how kannada and Tamil overlapping with each other in many words including the Grammar and gender rules, I can say these both two languages are mutually easy and I can understand malayalam because of Tamil, but telugu is quite different and different from these three languages!

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome 🙂

[@kamleshl3515]

I'm tamil speaking from Karnataka and feel exact same thing.

[@rahulrajkumar6498]

Thank you for this video. 😇 From a Dravidian Language (Malayalam) speaker.

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@goingmerry123]

Telugu-American here who specializes in Dravidian population genetics. First of all, thank you Costas for this and very well done. As far as the urheimat/origin that you have assigned for Dravidian languages, I tend to agree that the Southern Indus Basin/Baluchistan makes a very likely candidate. My other working theory is that the Afghan plains near the Bolan pass could be another due to the density of Brahui speakers there and Dravidian toponyms such as "-kot" being present in that region. I believe the Indus Valley spoke Dravidian languages but do not believe Dravidian speakers expanded through the Gangetic plains ever in large numbers due to the absence of Dravidian toponyms there. The plains must have only been conquered and cleared post Indo Aryan migration into the subcontinent after Indo European speakers mixed with IVC Dravidians. Kobayashi who is a leading expert in the NE Dravidian languages such as Malto and Kurukh has rejected linguistics relationships to Brahui for the "Northern Dravidian Branch". And some Kurukh tales speak of a migration from the modern-day region of Goa so I think that angle needs to be explored more. Brahui's are without a doubt a relict population and not a migration as some would claim from Southern India. They are far too Iran_N enriched for that to be the case and have a low frequency of the native subcontinent M mtdna compared to South Indian Drav- speaking groups. IMO, the Dravidian ethnic group to keep an eye for are the Todas, a small Dravidian tribal group in the Nilgiris who have the highest Iran_N ancestry outside of Baluchistan with little to no steppe ancestry in the subcontinent. Anyhow, keep up the great work and looking forward to seeing more projects!

[@CostasMelas]

Thanks a lot for the valuable and helpful information. Feedback has proved to be very useful to improve

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

@@CostasMelas I have a question: Who lived on the Hindustan peninsula before the Dravidian migration there?

[@Anishgopinath17777]

@@АндрейБогуславский-б9о AASI (South asian hunter gatherer

[@glennjacksonofficial3001]

@@goingmerry123 Howcome a lot of Indians reject Aryan Migration?

[@glennjacksonofficial3001]

"I tend to agree that the Southern Indus Basin/Baluchistan makes a very likely candidate. My other working theory is that the Afghan plains near the Bolan pass could be another due to the density of Brahui speakers there and Dravidian toponyms such as "-kot" being present in that region? " This is nonsense! I disagree like almost completely because first of all the diversity of Dravidian languages occurs in the peninsular part of India, therefore peninsular India would actually be the very likely candidate. Also Brahui is NOT an authentic dravidian language. It only contains 15% Dravidian vocabulary.

[@infogogi]

Really nice, especially the formation of Tamil-Kannada (Seed for so many small Dravidian languages) is really incredible... And I'm feeling proud to become a bilingual person of Kannada & Tamil....... 💖

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

When I come to Tamil Nadu, I will definitely learn Tamil!!! I am Russian

[@pas1994ok]

I didn't know that dravidians wasn't present in South India in the Indus Valley Civilization time period, its incredible to know that the majority of the Dravidian languages survived to this day and I know a bit of those languages thanks to Indian logos with people speaking or singing in those languages, specially Tamil and Telugu who are the most famous Dravidian languages in my opinion and in a lesser extent Kannada and Malayalam, I even have listen to somebody who was singing in Brahui but I never have listen yet to the other Dravidian languages who are way more unknown than the 4 or 5 most known languages

[@CostasMelas]

Actually it remains a hypothesis, but it is supported by several scholars

[@bagaudas1400]

Existing yet but in anything antiquite territories 😢

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

I love Tamil. Cool language and nice people with a nice culture. I respect them immensely. One of my favorite Dravidian ethnic groups

[@lazuli-themightyfrench]

This is really interesting given that I'm a Tamil speaker, but also because another fellow cartographer by the name of The Dragon Historian also made a video on the History of Dravidian languages (two years ago though) ! I enjoyed comparing both of your videos side by side : they explain about the same past given some hatching discrepencies and him giving some more importance on the vividity of Northern Dravidian languages. However this could be explained by the release date difference between your two videos : obviously research must have gotten specific and more in-depth over time. Thank you very much nontheless for these videos about languages and religion, truly a great way to understand our World. One question : I've heard that some people bunch up Elamite and Proto-Dravidian. Would you consider it as such ?

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much. The Elamo-Dravidian hypothesis remains open. It is based on the proximity of the languages, if we accept that the even earlier origin of the Dravidians is from the Zagros mountains

[@sathiskumar911]

@@CostasMelas yes if we consider zagroes languages Dravidian languages are more older. I like you for honestly mentioning malayalam in 14th century and not earlier. But small mistake tamil in central Sri Lanka is due to British colonial tea estate workers. Tamil's Northern boundry is further north near north pennar river no telugu mix in that area till kakatiyas capture it from pandyas in 13th century. Only during last years of vijayanagar empire capital shifted to South into Tamil lands (chandragiri, vellore) this makes deep telugu presence in that Area. In southern Kerala (malayalam) region was under Tamil chera-venad kings till 18th century with Tamil as language of commons. Even Tamil literature originated from that era.

[@ErmisSouldatos]

One of the earliest civilisations, and now it is still spoken by a huge number of people despite being a vastly smaller proportion of the world's population than it used to be. There exists a proposed relation between Dravidian and Elamite, which is not necessarily true but it definitely interesting to think about. Two ancient peoples we know very little about, they still largely remain a mystery

[@LuisAldamiz]

Very plausible. Thanks.

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@Elros7]

These Aryans did not even leave them alone when they settled on the island of Sri Lanka. 👏🏻👏🏻

[@sahilsingh6048]

Aryans didnt invade india instead indus civilization destroyed because of climatic factors

[@iroquoianmapper]

Cool! Well done. Was the Proto-Dravidian a language of Indus Valey civilisation?

[@Rabid_Nationalist]

Possibly, but because their script isnt decyphered we cant really know. Tho the possiblity of it being their language is high

[@filomenaa]

We don't know, this video suggests a Dravidian language as the language of the Indus Valley civilization but there are disagreements over how old the Dravidian presence in modern Pakistan really is - some linguists like Michael Witzel think the Brahui language only arrived in the area during the medieval period.

[@Indo-Aryan9644]

No

[@wirelessbluestone5983]

@@filomenaa going that far back in the past is always speculation

[@hanifgul5664]

Yes, absolutely

[@Awakeningspirit20]

I never realized that the Dravidian Languages emerged from the Indus River (it seems everything about India must)! I have known more Dravidic Indians than those who speak Indo-European Languages; I have known quite a few Telugu and Tamil speakers (and one guy who speaks both Tamil AND Hindi, so is both northern and southern Indian!). It must be way easier to learn Hindi but the scripts of Dravidic Languages alone are fascinating to me, it's hard to imagine reading them! Devanagari isn't so bad at all, it at least makes sense!

[@nerdy8644]

Nice video

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@MrNTF-vi2qc]

Ever thought about doing one on the Negritos and Aboriginal Australians? You'd really have to go back into prehistory, but originating from the modern UAE and then making it all the way to Australia and then having that giant race exist for thousands of years before it all gets swooped away by Dravidians, Austrasiatic, and Austro-Melanesians.

[@CostasMelas]

I have only mentioned them in the recent video about the languages in Asia

[@BoraDennisSeven]

@@CostasMelas Kostaki, please make video on Negritos and Aboriginal Australians.

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

And the Negroes themselves destroyed the Flores man

[@ZlHl1999]

Austroasiatic languages ​​originated in the area south of the Yangtze River in East Asia , successfully entered the Indochina Peninsula, and crossed the Arakan Mountains to expand into the South Asian subcontinent

[@maddogbasil]

Its sad to see what happened to the dravidians throughout the years as they've suffered through much colonialism and terror from the north for many years But thankfully many of the deccan Indians I've met are incredibly peaceful people Especially the Tamil who are incredibly friendly and easy to get along with

[@grillyvilly8139]

Awww, keep crying India hater....Indo-Aryans and Dravidians have TOGETHER built the culture and identity of India that we know it from today. No terror happened on Dravidians from North, though in the modern day there are some linguistic issues but those are easily resolvable and don't even count as terror when we have Aryan-to-Aryan terror happening from Pakistan's side to North India, which South is safe from because of us.

[@sahilsingh6048]

Wtf invasion didnt happen it was indus velly civilization which got destroyed due to some enviromental factors

[@kamrankhan-lj1ng]

Contrary to your opinion, for most of the non Tamil south Indians like Telugus and Kannadigas, Tamils are the most hegemonic south Indians.

[@rkv08]

Lol, do you know Indian Ancient history? There were many Dravidian kingdoms who defeated many kingdoms in north, and even islamic kingdoms were resisted by them, and Dravidian Chola empire was a maritime empire, if they were so easily suppressed by the Aryans than the family wont be exist, i feel pity on your knowledge,

[@gouthamkrishnan6718]

@@rkv08 Yeah there is no much difference between northern Indian and southern indian dna now bcs of historical intermixing,afterall both north and south Indians mostly follow same religion and traditions,no logic in dividing them.

[@Elros7]

I enjoy your works! Maps tell a lot of things.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@احمدالمطلق-ع7خ]

Your work is amazing and very beautiful 👍🏻

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@spacebunny4335]

A video on the expantion of the Pama-Nyungan languages could be intresting.

[@zmeyarus7086]

There is a theory that the peoples of the Indus Valley Civilization spoke a language which was not a dravidian language, but a language which is related to the dravidian languages

[@joagalo]

Nice video as usual, Costasl!! At this moment, how likely is the assumption of Harappans speaking Dravidian? Cheers!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Myavepea]

Real Indians

[@MansionByBeach1]

If you go down that rabbit hole, the real Indian are the AustroAsiatics and the Negritos.

[@KARMANBIRUMAL]

@@MansionByBeach1 real indians are Australioid yes they were the first people and they were the Indus Wally people

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

@@MansionByBeach1 Actually, the real Indians are the Veddas

[@ZlHl1999]

Similarly, the Indo-European language family stopped in Assam and failed to expand across the Arakan Mountains to Burma

[@parvadhami980]

Language groups are often influenced by presence of Geographic barriers. That is why the Himalayas separate the Indo Aryan language in the south and Tibetan-Burman languages in the north and the east

[@gazibizi9504]

Rohingya

[@joel12388]

Its expanded to Myanmar to Indonesia. That language is Sanskrit and Pali

[@Dersimite]

Great, that's what I wanted.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@romanianturk2101]

Honest Chariot and Horse Rider with a crippling Milk addict Reaction:

[@micahistory]

great video, these language videos are what make you stand out

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@micahistory]

@@CostasMelas you're welcome

[@ZlHl1999]

Despite the close proximity of South India and Southeast Asia, it is odd that the language did not extend into Indochina and Indonesia. Of course, in modern times, Tamils ​​immigrated to Malaya, and Malaysia has a lot of Tamil-speaking non-natives

[@rishabhrox1]

There's nothing odd about it. Dravidians never enforced their language on anyone. South East Asia has influences from India but those influences didn't reach via invasions, but by trade and cultural exchange. Hence, the original languages of South East Asia remained intact, though they do have a number of loanwords from Dravidian languages and Sanskrit (the only Indo Aryan language Dravidians culturally accepted as their own).

[@chairpants]

Because they used Sanskrit as the official language to communicate just like we use English now. So there was no need for the language to be spread i assume. Also there was no invasion so no forcing to learn new language as well. Still i do see similar names Indonesians have as compared to Indians. Especially the putri, putra names which Indians don't name anymore but used to centuries ago.

[@greatwolf5372]

​@rishabhrox1 One Chola king did invade Indonesia, dont remember his name, but should be easy to look up. Rather than being invaded all the time, it's good to know our people invaded others a couple of times as well.

[@rishabhrox1]

@@greatwolf5372 Shown your oversmartness? I didn't say Indians didn't invade, I said Indian INFLUENCE didn't reach southeast asia by those invasions only. When Cholas invaded Indonesia, Hinduism and Buddhism already existed there. They weren't the first to introduce Hindu culture to Indonesia. Indian influence in South East Asia predates Chola invasion of Indonesia's Sriwijaya Empire.

[@Xind-te4rq]

The script did spread though, Khmer script and other south East Asian scripts descend from pallava script which was used by tamil traders around the 6th to 8th century

[@parvadhami980]

Much needed mappings of another big group of language in India

[@alphalatinbet]

Nice!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@cheriankalayil2362]

Nice video! It's very interesting! Greetings from a native Malayali!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@cheriankalayil2362]

@@CostasMelas You're welcome!

[@洪天貴福]

i wanna full scaled afro asiatic languages in next video

[@Alsayid]

I didn't know that Dravidian originated in Pakistan rather than all of India. Fascinating. It makes me wonder what existed in India before that.

[@samuelsz1422]

Probably primitive peoples similar to Australian and Papuan natives.

[@lekevire]

As a person with Dravidian descent (and has been to Kerala many times), I suppose the inhabitants prior to the Dravidians must've been the dark-skinned tribal people, or as Indians have called them, the Adivasi. I visited them many times, including seeing their school. They still exist, but sadly have been marginalized by the much larger Dravidians and Indo-Aryans. However, they do exist in island communities around the north-eastern area, with each community numbering in only the thousands. While their religious beliefs have been vastly syncretized with Hinduism, they still retain their original religious beliefs prior to the existence of Hinduism, like Kiratism, Sarnaism, Sanamahism, among others.

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@samuelsz1422 They lived there and continue to live there. Just spoke Dravidian languages

[@rkv08]

Most of the people of south India got mixed with pre dravidian population extensively, that's why

[@christurner6330]

My wishes came true

[@CostasMelas]

I'm glad :)

[@kenanhasan9784]

Good work

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@algeria-palestine187]

Do you want to make a video "The history of the Eskimo-Aleut languages"?

[@CostasMelas]

Yes I would like to make it

[@drendoiz]

Just all the native American languages, they are interesting

[@veishnorianlanguage560]

1:35 indo-europeans came from europe to india

[@sahilsingh6048]

Migrated

[@Anonymous-376]

@@sahilsingh6048 same thing

[@canadaone2385]

They came from central asia. the ancestors of the central asian ie people came to central asia a thousand years before that. Any anyways the people that came to india were bmac indo iranians they were already thousands of years removed from the original indoeuropeans

[@veishnorianlanguage560]

@@canadaone2385 I know but they are europreans because they have european origin. if we think with your idealogy black americans are native americans

[@canadaone2385]

@@veishnorianlanguage560 explain why black americans are native. Also, if a bunch of current day indians who have r1a lineage go and colonize south east Asia, are u saying that that would mean that Europeans are colonizing south east asia?

[@hamzaalmdghri8741]

The Darvidians were all over the Indian subcontinent for tens of thousands of years and their language was not brought by another race

[@Scythian_nomad]

Black-skinned hunter-gatherers used to live there, then they adopted the languages ​​of the Dravidian farmers from Khorasan Most of the Dravidians are descendants of hunter-gatherers who adopted the Dravidian language, especially in the south. hunter-gatherer haplogroup H1 , H3 , C1b Dravidian farmers haplogroup L , T Aryan haplogroup R1a, R1b, Q1a Burusho R2 , J1 , J2 Munda O2 Others groups G , E1b1b , Q1b , D , P , K , F.

[@Scythian_nomad]

Elam?

[@drendoiz]

Great work as always, btw are you gonna make history of languages of North and South America?

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@andrefarfan4372]

Nice video.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@ZlHl1999]

Today South India is richer than North India and Tamils ​​are more successful internationally than North Indians (Assamese, Biharis etc)

[@CostasMelas]

Indeed, most of the tech companies (software, semiconductors) are located in the south

[@gazibizi9504]

Bihar and UP were never much enterprising but just a rich farmland where a lucky guy could muster people and conquer a huge kingdom for himself. It still is the political capital of whole India. Resources less regions like South India and North Europe have been doing much better post the industrial revolution.

[@sumanjha-g6i]

0:00 what is your source that IVC spoke Dravidian language

[@yasirarfat670]

Brahui 😊😊😊😊

[@andalusi33]

If we accept the hypothesis that it was a language of this family that was spoken in the Indus culture

[@seethrough_treeshrew]

If - then?

[@lunan5197]

Wasn’t there written evidence of Malayalam before the 800s AD?

[@MRC325]

Nope

[@ralph6417]

Malayalam obviously evolved from Old Tamil. ( Sangam era Tamil not the modern one ).

[@ふらっと-u7r]

May be you already know, I share recent studies about American languages. “A Recent Northern Origin for the Uto-Aztecan Family” “Deriving calibrations for Arawakan using archaeological evidence”

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@ふらっと-u7r]

Addition: “Demographic history and genetic structure in pre-Hispanic Central Mexico”

[@Gallusek]

Idea: History of Basque Language

[@CostasMelas]

It appears somehow in the European languages video

[@Anton_Danylchenko]

Do we have any information about pre-Dravidian population of southern India? According to your map it was not Dravidian and not Austroasiatic. Do we have some languages that remained from those times (maybe on some islands?)

[@based4560]

Nihali and vedda are some pre dravidian languages of south india

[@GrigRP]

Look at the population of the Andaman Islands.

[@CostasMelas]

In the Asian languages video I have put the Negrito substrate. They are peoples that connected with the first settlement of South Asia and likely have a relation with Papua and Aboriginal. Their language survive only in Andaman islands

[@association3cm675]

@@based4560 The modern Vedda language is unfortunately not the same as the old language of the Vedda people, and is largely recognized as a Sinhalese-based creole or even just a dialect of Sinhalese.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Indics made most Northern Dravidics extinct :[

[@Indo-Aryan9644]

Cry 😂

[@GrigRP]

@@Indo-Aryan9644 You're a dravidian, why are you laughing?

[@Indo-Aryan9644]

@@GrigRP No

[@GrigRP]

@@Indo-Aryan9644 Yes, you're a dravidian.

[@Indo-Aryan9644]

@@GrigRP And you are an Arab 👌

[@Gayriz]

Great!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@japi2k9]

I hope the comments here are at least civil.

[@fuad_huseynli_2005]

Please make also Mongolic languages.

[@chandlervonhaght]

There were no Tamils settlements in the highlands of Sri Lanka before the 1800s. There were only a few noble south Indian families who came due to intermarriages between Sinhalese royals and the South Indian royals. Today's large Tamil population that lives in the Sri Lankan highlands are descendants of South Indians brought to the island by British people for their work in tea plantations during 1820-1948. If you coloured the middle of Sri Lanka after the 1800s, it would be more accurate. Anyway, well done!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. There are many opinions about the origin of the Tamils in Sri Lanka. I followed the early origin theory

[@MansionByBeach1]

@@CostasMelas Even if we accept the early origin theory, there were no Tamils in the highlands(except few noble families) during the early British, Dutch, Portuguese periods and for some time before that. Good video though.

[@tomaskjelsen7726]

Was there a time when north and east sri lanka had singalese majority?

[@chandlervonhaght]

@@tomaskjelsen7726 I think that the ancestor of the Sinhalese (Sinhalese Prakrit) may have been spoken in those areas in some period. So, the answer to the question is yes. ............................................................................................ (This is for those who would argue with me in the future 😒) This is a controversial topic. Due to the lack of evidence that has been found, we cannot point out whether Sinhalese or Tamils came to the island first. However, I believe that the idea of Tamils arriving on the island before anyone is kind of far from the truth. I am not saying that Dravidians could not cross a 30 km wide strait to an island before Aryans, who had to sail a thousand miles to do the same. What I am saying is that another Dravidian language rather than Tamil or a language which belonged to another language might have been spoken on the island before the arrival of the Aryans. Let me explain. The oldest inscriptions found in Sri Lanka are written in Sinhalese Prakrit. Sinhalese Prakrit was a newborn language, whereas Tamil was an improved language at that time. There were numerous pieces of literature composed and written in Tamil in that era, such as Sangam literature. If Tamil was the language of native Sri Lankans, would they abandon it for a language which is not even improved enough just because they were frightened of some small group of boat riders? I mean, come on. There were thousands of people on the island. I think Prakrit had been spreading throughout South Asia, even in South India and Sri Lanka. But when the early South Indian kingdoms emerged (The Chola, Chera and Pandya kingdoms), the rulers had served as patrons of Dravidian languages, resulting in the disappearance of Prakrit languages in South India. However, due to the language of ancient Sri Lankans being distinct from the other South Indians, contact with them was limited. When the Aryan traders and immigrants began to contact natives, they influenced the natives in every way, and they gradually Aryanised native people. It seems that South Indian rulers did not care to stop the Aryanization of Sri Lanka. (Which is interesting) After hundreds of years, Sinhalese Prakrit became the language of the people, which was brought to the island by the Aryans. The rulers of ancient Sri Lanka, who spoke only Sanskrit and Pali, did not pay that much attention to the language of the public till 800 CE. After the mass exodus of Sinhalese to the South due to the fall of the Polonnaruwa kingdom, Tamil principalities began to emerge in the North and East. Arya Chakrawarthee, who invaded Polonnaruwa, made the North a part of the Chola empire. Even though many Sinhalese kings occupied the North numerous times, the Tamil population concentrated in the North and East was a barrier for Sinhalese to settle there. So, the North and the East ended up being predominantly Tamil people living areas of the island. Therefore, I say that Tamil had never been the dominant language of Sri Lanka before the arrival of the Aryans. It might be either another Dravidian language or a completely different language belonging to another language family. No matter whose ancestors came to the island first, if you are born in Sri Lanka, then you are a Sri Lankan. Let’s learn from history, wipe out the prejudices and plan for a better future as one nation. Cheers 🙂

[@MRC325]

@@tomaskjelsen7726 Sinhalese existed in Northern Sri Lanka a long time ago but the Chola empire invaded and pushed them all south. Then Tamils took a dominant position in the north.

[@cbadaik9498]

Dravidian languages originated in Indus valley civilization is nothing but assumption. If Dravidian languages originated in Indus valley then Why many Dravidian are tribals such Irula, Gond, Paniya who have basically 85% South Asian Hunter gatherer ancestry whereas people of Indus valley civilization have overall 75% (50-98%)Iranian ancestry. So It indicates that Dravidian languages originated with South Asian Hunter gatherer not Iranian. Brahui language not spoken in place of Indus valley civilization but west of it. It also indicate Brahui are pre-Indus valley civilization people. It is possible that Iranian ancestry(J2) with central Asian(R2) and North west Indian(L) were responsible for spread of Indo-Aryan languages. Probably R1a1 ancestry only spread Sanskrit language. Probably some Dravidian speaking tribals adopted technology from people of Indus valley civilization after intermixing with them became caste population of South India. Whereas those Dravidian remained isolated became Dravidian tribals with some Iranian Hunter gatherer ancestry as Iranian hunter gather ancestry is 12000 years old in India. These things reflect in genetics study. New study in Max Planck Institute of Germany in July 2023 propose South Caucasus origin of Indo-European languages around 8000 years ago and Indo-Iranian languages were already in Indus valley around 5000 years ago. Early Indo-European languages were spoken by Caucasus hunter gathers/Iranian hunter gatherers who were majority in Indus valley civilization. So according to this study Indo-Iranian language was spoken in Indus valley around 5000 years ago.

[@WastedBananas]

there is no source anywhere that claims the IVC have 85 percent Iranian ancestry.

[@cbadaik9498]

@@WastedBananas True ...but it mention 50-98% Iranian ancestry. Which means overall 75%. I don't know why they are giving 50-98% Iranian ancestry for Rakhigarhi DNA but not exact percentage.

[@WastedBananas]

@@cbadaik9498 I doubt it’s even that high.

[@Scythian_nomad]

The tribes of southern India spoke Vedda languages, then Iranian farmers came and brought the Dravidian languages

[@cbadaik9498]

@@Scythian_nomad Vedda language spoken in Srilanka not in South India and It is a dialect of Sinhalese which is Indo-Aryan language. There are tribals who speak Dravidian languages such as Gond, Irula, Paniya etc. They are predominantly of South Asian Hunter gatherer ancestry (65-85%) and they carry predominantly Y haplogroup H.

[@Shoehazer]

Nice

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@RozisVasileios]

very cool

[@ignotumperignotius630]

Indo-Europeans did something

[@karthikbharadwaj9949]

How on the earth did South Central Dravidian land in Northern Coastal Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, South Maharashtra and Goa! Please tell me which South Central Dravidian language are you referring here.

[@iank7198]

Yay 😁 you made one🇮🇳

[@rifqymaulanaazhar573]

03:04 the reason I doubt so much the claim of Tamil as the world's oldest language is because the language was only born in 499 BC 😂, not even evidence of the discovery of Tamil (and Sanskrit) inscriptions that are older than inscriptions in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Persia and Rome

[@blikz8885]

It's not even the oldest languages in India let alone the world, Vedic Sanskrit is much older 😂 Tamil bros just have this superiority complex so they run this propaganda that their language is the oldest on earth

[@rkv08]

Actually, we cannot associate the dating of script of a language with the dating of evolution of that language, just like Vedic Sanskrit it had no script until the ancient medieval period, it was passed down orally by generation to generation, this can be similar for dravidian languages as well,

[@chrisg.k487]

Κώστα έχουμε κάποια εξέλιξη στην ανάγνωση της γραφής του Ινδού πολιτισμού; Ειδικά σε ταμπλέτες που βρέθηκαν στις πόλεις Μοχεντζο Νταρο, Χαρραπα, Λοθαλ και Ντολαβιρα;

[@CostasMelas]

Όχι παραμένει άγνωστη η γλώσσα. Στην πραγματικότητα η Δραβιδική ως γλώσσα του πολιτισμού της κοιλάδας του Ινδού, παραμένει υπόθεση.

[@sauron3608]

How did you make these videos? I am using the Canva to make some maps, but the final result is gross every time.

[@CostasMelas]

Try paintnet and blender

[@tomaskjelsen7726]

Is there also a possibility that tamils only formed majority in north and east sri lanka later and that tjere was once singalese majority in those areas? Can you do a video on the history and spread of malay language? Bth your video about uralic languages has a mistake it doesnt show the fact that most of finland apart from southernmost part once had sami majority.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you for the comment. Feedback is helpful to improve. About Malaysia there is the video about Austronesian languages

[@praveeng1319]

Habitational site called Keeladi near madurai shows that the vaigai river civilization existed in the same period of indus valley civilization with the signs they have found on the terracotta objects are similar nd unique with the ones found in indus valley cities. So population migration have to be visualized in a different way with respect to time.

[@ramp597]

I didn't know tamil and kannada used to be one language. Also why is old telugu named south-central dravidian

[@rkv08]

If you listen to irula speech it will gave you a vibe of both tamil and kannada

[@izzettinbayraktar4116]

Sumerian language also related so much with Dravidian languages

[@geo9vr]

ahhhhhh the colors♥♥♥♥♥

[@Thats_Zero_Zenith]

Can you do Mongolic languages?

[@CostasMelas]

It is the last remaining major Asian language group

[@Thats_Zero_Zenith]

@@CostasMelas so are you going to be doing it soon?

[@utkarshkulkarni8777]

Brahuis are the only Remnants of the Indus Valley Civilization 🇵🇰. Proud of them from 🇮🇳

[@SumairKhoso-sc1sg]

The are Pakistanis 🇵🇰

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

@@SumairKhoso-sc1sg The Braguis living in Turkmenistan are not shown. They live in the oasis of Mary, currently their number is 2500 people.

[@utkarshkulkarni8777]

​@@SumairKhoso-sc1sgThat's me from 🇮🇳, Bro 🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@tanultorosz]

What about Elamite language? - it seems Dravidian languages were much wider spread than this is shown in the video.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

It's not widely known or yet believed Elamite was Dravidian. Personally I'm on the fence but it is possible. Same with Sumerian. And other language isolates in Iran at the time

[@kiran9220]

Ha Sumerian first city "uru"uruk still survive. Alive in Dravidan cites . Bengaluru, mangaluru ,chitturu ..

[@cockroach2]

That's a rather late splitting of Malayalam isn't it?

[@lekevire]

No, it is correct, Malayalam is actually a fairly recent language.

[@stevenleslie8557]

I thought the Dravidians came by way of the Indonesian islands.

[@christopherellis2663]

So in the Bronze Age..

[@محمديونس-7]

So who started the Indus Valley civilization were these the Dravidians, not the Aryan people?

[@CostasMelas]

Indus Valley civilization is due to pre-Indo-European groups, possibly Dravidian tribes

[@ALIMUSLIYAR1921]

@@CostasMelas not possibly it's dravidians but pajert lindus 🕉️🐄💩 stinkers always says Indus Wally People we're Indo aryans they have no respect towards dravidian cultures especially poopjits from north india

[@raktasenya5374]

I miss Elam

[@masterdon3821]

Brahui could expand from south India at 1000 bc

[@holepunch]

what languages would have been spoken in the Indian subcontinent before the spread of Dravidian? Austroasiatic?

[@CostasMelas]

Likely languages belongs to the Negrito substrate

[@holepunch]

@@CostasMelas that’s amazing

[@bbenjoe]

Any Indians here? Got a question for you: According to the Indian censuses (of every ten years) more and more percent of the Indians speak Hindi. In 2001 41.03% spoke it as first language, and in total 53.60% of the entire population used it. In 2011 this figure was 43.63% and 57.1% respectively. The results of the 2021/2022 census are not out yet, but the increase is visible in statistics. So, does this mean eventually Hindi will be universally understood, and the smaller languages will all disappear? Not all other languages I mean, since there are like two dozen with official status, and tens of millions of speakers, but the rest?

[@rohitmp1992]

Hindi is understood by now by about 65 to 70% of the total population below the age of 60 (My personal Subjective Opinion) . South Indians (Dravidian language speakers) have lower fertility rates than the poorer Hindi speaking north, which would also account for a certain percentage of the change.

[@jashansohi2774]

Hindi is favoured by the central government as the single connecting language of the country, My mother tongue is Punjabi but everyone I know also know hindi, as it connects the various people who don't speak Hindi as their mother tongue. For ex if I were to communicate with a Gujarati person, he would not understand punjabi nor will I understand Gujarati but we will both understand Hindi.

[@parvadhami980]

​@@jashansohi2774 but Punjabi, Gujarati and Hindi are Indo Aryan language and are separate from the Dravidian languages

[@parvadhami980]

The increase in Hindi percent is because of 3 reasons: 1. Relative increase in population of northern India than southern India. 2. As many Indians migrate within the country from their native places, their children will increasingly speak in Hindi/English rather than their family's native language 3. Inclusion of several languages/dialects into Hindi make the percentage of Hindi speakers more (Bhojpuri, haryanvi, Awadhi are included into hindi, and not regarded as separate languages)

[@gazibizi9504]

The coastal languages such as the Dravidian, Bengali, Gujarati etc are pretty safe and Infact thriving, away from Hindi dominance. These languages have higher prestige in their states than Hindi which is the interland lingua franca of North India where it enjoys the linguistic prestige and that is how the many Hindi 'dialects' lose their speakers.

[@piotrjasielski]

What is this based on?

[@joel12388]

As a Tamil, i can say gondi, brahui and other smaller Dravidian languages are dying.

[@based4560]

Yes, quite sad 😢

[@cbadaik9498]

This scenario is not supported by genetic studies.

[@reddragon100]

how. most dravidian elite caste are Iran_N rich

[@cbadaik9498]

@@reddragon100 Not true majority have AASI majority around 60-70%.

[@based4560]

​@@cbadaik9498IVC periphery is highest in Gujaratis and South Indian Midcastes

[@sirushti1132]

I found a mistake. Tamil did not make its way to central sri lanka until the british.

[@based4560]

True, those Tamils are called Indian Tamils because they've recently migrated compared to the other Sri Lankan Tamils who lived there for 2000+ years.

[@MRC325]

Kandy was ruled by Tamil Speaking Telugu people. Also all the royal sinhalese married Tamil Pandian queens for legitimacy.

[@sirushti1132]

@@MRC325 huh? Provide proof

[@MRC325]

@@sirushti1132 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Vikrama_Rajasinha_of_Kandy

[@MRC325]

@@sirushti1132 google Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy

[@anandsai9378]

The time and period of diversification is wrong in this video.

[@sumanjha-g6i]

0:00 Indus script and Dravidian script have no relation whatsoever

[@Prabhunathchari]

Telugu language spoke at Indus valley civilization it self......it is not created from Tamil nor Sanskrit

[@alexangelo1998]

Make languages of Middle East

[@canadaone2385]

Brahui is NOT a dravidian remnant although its convenient to think of it as. they are recent migrants (in last thousand years) to that area. yes you heard me, dravidians from central india went to balochistan and colonized that area.😮

[@masterdon3821]

Rejected by genetics and known history. A 1000bc invasion from the south is more plausible

[@born_this_way]

Do y'all think that the Aryan Invasion was real?

[@filomenaa]

Yes, it was, it wasn't an invasion though, it was a slow migration and diffsuion of groups who practiced pastoralism.

[@gtc239]

Yes, and it wasn't an invasion.

[@GrigRP]

Of course it was. The Aryans pushed the dravidian Indians South.

[@KARMANBIRUMAL]

Aryan invasion was true but nobody pushed us towards south our ancetors came towards south because indus river dried out and climate chaneges But many of us stayed there and they mixed with Iranians and central Asians they are now called brahuis..

[@KARMANBIRUMAL]

@@GrigRP wtf bro no it was not you are wrong

[@ayzmalo5553]

dravidian didnt originate in pakistan or indus valley. proto Burusho was the language of the indus. they even have genetic links to the daghestanis.

[@ALIMUSLIYAR1921]

Wtf you are wrong 😂😂🇵🇰🇵🇰 pakistan was born in 1947 lmao. Indus civilization was older than pakistan You 🇵🇰🇵🇰 pakistani always try to erase the actual history you tried to change that .. Indus Wally People were the natives of the subcontinent and they are closely related to the south indians..they were australioid black tribels and some of them are mixed with old Iranian farmer tribes. Not all of them.. Indus Wally People were dravidian

[@reddragon100]

No, it wasn't turkic

[@AYAM.M]

​@@ALIMUSLIYAR1921he didnt even anything with that

[@Akira-dm3tj]

Dagestanis have a mix of Iranian and Turkic backgrounds, while people in the Indus Valley came from Neolithic Iranians and South Asian hunter-gatherers. The Burusho language there is kind of like a far-off cousin to Indo-European languages. Indo-European influence, including language and culture, came in with the Aryan migration after the Indus Valley civilization faded. We're not really sure who first lived in the Indus Valley, and the idea of Dravidians as the original residents is just a guess. What we do know is that the folks in the ancient Indus Valley weren't Aryan, Iranian, or Turkic. Today's Dagestanis, who are descended from Indo-European migrations, don't have a direct link to the old Indus Valley civilization.

[@ayzmalo5553]

@@Akira-dm3tj Dagestanis are not indo-european at all, they are indigenous caucasians who carry the Y-haplogroup J1 and J2 and are related to Semitic speaking peoples. The majority of caucasians carry J2 and descend from the Caucasian hunter gatherers who are very similar to the Iranian neolithic farmers, they both come from the same stock. its possible the northeast caucasian languages, Hurrian, Kassite and Burusho are linked as the Caucasian hunter gatherers lived in the Iranian plateau and parts of central Asia.

[@romankolyuka8153]

Are Dravidian languages (for example, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu or Kannada) hard to learn for an European speaker or not?

[@based4560]

They are pretty hard for a European speaker because the grammar is very different and there isn't much shared vocabulary. However for European Finno-Ugric speakers the grammar is quite similar because dravidian and Finno-Ugric are agglutinative and have a large set of grammatical cases

[@ogolow570]

@@based4560 would Dravidian languages be hard to learn for an Afroasiatic speaker?

[@kiran9220]

@@ogolow570 no Dravidan language gramer similar to Madagascar Indonesia japan south korea language.. not western side Europe Asia

[@rkv08]

​@@ogolow570 as for arabic or hebrew perspective, it is not as hard, but it would be more easier for turkic speakers, both share same word order, complex agglutination (more detailed than turkish atleast)

[@Prabhunathchari]

Dravidians and Aryans are brothers accor6to Mahabharata so they lived together at Indus Valley civilization.... Asuras and devas

[@romankolyuka8153]

Dravidians settled in India not from north-west to south-east but from south to north.

[@DevarajBsc-e8o]

Proto dravida ❌️ Proto tamil ✅️

[@based4560]

No.

[@sidneywolfe9260]

*Promo sm* ❤️