History of the Indo-Aryan Languages

History of the Indo-Aryan Languages, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Vedic Sanskrit, Nuristani, Mitanni-Aryan, Wusun, Dardic, Prakrits, Classical Sanskrit, Pali, Gandhari, Hindustani, Punjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Rajasthani, Marathi, Konkani, Kashmiri, Pashayi, Bihari, Maithili, Magathi, Pahari, Nepali, Dogri, Bengali, Assamese, Odia, Sinhalese, Maldivian, Romani, Domari
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[@TheRealKingLeopoldII]

Crazy how Nuristani was one of the first Indo-Iranian languages and somehow never expanded. It always stayed in roughly the same place

[@CostasMelas]

There are geographical reasons. They developed in an isolated valley of current Afghanistan

[@TheRealKingLeopoldII]

@@CostasMelas oh makes sense, thanks!

[@servantofaeie1569]

they are not IA. they are Indo-Iranian though

[@TheRealKingLeopoldII]

@@servantofaeie1569 yeah sorry

[@midlifecrisis9151]

They shouldn't be included in ia they're a separate branch of indo iranian

[@helterhhh]

Never knew that the Mitanni were Indo-Aryan. That's fascinating.

[@kurdekibedin1347]

Yes, they are one of the ancestors of the Kurds. Watch on KZbin "myheritage Kurdish", you will notice, that almost every kurd gets "south asian" AKA India as one of his results

[@Asshur.]

And urartu and hurrian are parents of georgians caucasians, the enemy of the ancient mittani aryans

[@bulletbill1104]

Kurdekî bêdîn they’re not the ancestors of the Kurds, the Kurds speak an indo-Iranian language and the Mitanni had been gone for millennia before Kurds showed up

[@kurdekibedin1347]

@@bulletbill1104 they are

[@bulletbill1104]

Matt Heim They had an Aryan aristocracy (fun fact: those words are cognate, originating from P.I.E. Heryos) and had aryan names, gods, and terminology but spoke Hurrian

[@worlddata8982]

I am a Sinhala speaker, an Indo-Aryan language from Sri Lanka 🇱🇰.

[@thinktank8471]

lol

[@asocos]

Your script has among us text

[@rameshraghothama8324]

Is it true Sinhala people directly descended from Lions ?

[@asocos]

@@rameshraghothama8324 No

[@ikartikthakur]

@@rameshraghothama8324 no lions are decendants of .. Sri Lankans

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

Classical Sanskrit influence spread wider than just Peninsular Southeast asia, it also covered Maritime Southeast asia, as far as indonesia and philippines

[@ShubhamMishrabro]

@Baburao Ganpatrao Apte yes that too. It had influence in South east too

[@mannaz_y]

Yup. Around 25% of Malay vocabulary is derived from Sanskrit.

[@blyat5352]

No, Phillipines and Vietnam aren't part of Indosphere.

[@blackphoenix3220]

@@blyat5352 they are.

[@joysuryasaha7287]

@@blyat5352 cebu island of Phillipines were ruled by the descendants of Chola Empire of India till 16th century. .it had typical influence of Sanskrit and Tamil.

[@viveliran7509]

I'm From Iran and I know Some words in Indian Language that is similar to our words Atash = Fire Ab = Water Sabzi = Vegetable Zeberdast = wonderful Aftab = Light Asman = sky Ziba = Beautiful Panj = Five Dost = Friend Doshmen = enemy Mehrban = Kind And etc....

[@NRooster]

Altough I'm not Iranian nor Indian I got these words as a Turk: Ateş (Fire) Sebze (Vegetable) Dost (Friend) Düşman (Enemy)

[@AD-yq8rl]

Neutral Rooster Cultural interaction.That’s normal

[@NRooster]

@@AD-yq8rl yeah

[@Ida-xe8pg]

Another thing is that Hindi speakers usually pronounce "Z" as a "Dž" for some reason like they say "Sabdži" instead of "Sabzi", "Badžar" instead of "Bazar" etc Urdu speakers pronounce it as "Z"s (Im not a native speaker but Ive heard them say like that)

[@formless3791]

These are arabic words

[@kxnyshk]

For those of who don't know what happened suddenly around 14th CE. Those were the Romani people, of Western Indian origin (probably of a western clad of Rajasthani people) who were forced to migrate to the West by the subsequent raids by the Arab Caliphs and other Parso-Turkic sultans in the West of India during the middle ages, somewhere between 6th to 11th century AD.

[@clouds-rb9xt]

so are they just in exile or what?

[@Rabid_Nationalist]

Ohhhhhh it was the Romani. should've thought of that

[@JasonLankinoBandara]

Thank you. I was trying to recall what happened. The origins of flamenco music here.

[@parvadhami980]

But why migrate towards West? Why not easy or south?

[@user-ru3nq1ti9t]

There is Romani people we called them gajer or kawliah

[@Nodir79]

Hello from Central Asia (Qarshi, Uzbekistan)! 👋😀 The ancestors of Indian Aryan people lived here a long time ago.

[@te9312]

Love from India Brother.

[@Nodir79]

@@te9312, we in Uzbekistan love India, too, and especially Indian films and songs, brother. 😘

[@suhassreehari876]

Love to uzbeks even tho your ansectors slaughtered us

[@zshosseini3687]

u speak uzbek turkey or persian?becouse some city like samarkand and boxoro they are persian.

[@Nodir79]

@@zshosseini3687, we speak Uzbek, although there is some amount of persian speaking people in our city, too, but not so many like in Samarkand and Bukhara.

[@romanochavo829]

We brother ariya people 💙💙💙👍👍👍 Respect from romani people 💙💙💙🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

[@mehroseemehrosee3887]

Romani from which country.....?

[@gobimurugesan2411]

@@mehroseemehrosee3887 originally they are from India.

[@mehroseemehrosee3887]

@@gobimurugesan2411 where in India exactly?

[@gobimurugesan2411]

@@mehroseemehrosee3887 may be from northwest...🤷

[@anshdeepsingh2763]

Arya in sanskrit means noble

[@suhas6508]

This subcontinent has always been a hotbed of different cultures

[@santbibliophile]

Just as somewhere else.

[@user-bm5kj8qo3t]

The most complicated language family history. Pujunb and Hindi languages seem to be in the Parapamisad Alexander the great satrapy. Love from Greek history lovers.

[@rishabhprasad5417]

Love from India ❤️♥️♥️ ancient indo-greek relations are not often talked

[@srikrishnak196]

Love from India.💓💓💓. And we also love our Indo greek heritage and culture too.

[@user-bm5kj8qo3t]

Thank you all

[@jatt8829]

I am punjabi love from Punjab

[@user-dz4pb2ll3k]

love from a punjabi sikh jatt. we are brothers by blood. well not brothers but more like cousins i would say. we are related but very very distantly related.

[@federicopassantino]

Wusun be like: 'ight imma head out

[@qfzyhclqujd6530]

Wusun is mongolic people

[@_Painted]

@@qfzyhclqujd6530 Wusun is the Sinicized name for a tribe that was referred to in the west as Issedones and by the Turks as Ashina. This name likely derives from an Indo-Iranic term meaning 'horsemen' (Asi or Osi from a word like 'Ass' for horse or donkey), and many nomadic Indo-Iranian tribes had similar names, such as the modern Iranic Ossetians (also called Asi or Alans). The Wusun were at least partly absorbed into the Gokturks. The Kyrgyz, a modern Turkic tribe who live in approximately the same location as the Wusun, carry 63% haplogroup R1a, which is the predominant haplogroup found in Indo-Iranic and Balto-Slavic peoples. I've also read some texts that claim that the Bashkirs descend from the Wusun. Bashkirs primarily carry a mixture of haplogroups R1b and R1a. Also read: A genetic study published in Nature in May 2018 examined the remains of four Wusun buried between ca. 300 BC and 100 BC. The sample of Y-DNA extracted belonged to haplogroup R1. The samples of mtDNA extracted belonged to C4a1, HV6, J1c5a and U5b2c. The authors of the study found that the Wusun and Kangju had less East Asian admixture than the Xiongnu and Sakas. Both the Wusun and Kangju were suggested to be descended from Western Steppe Herders (WSHs) of the Late Bronze Age who admixed with Siberian hunter-gatherers and peoples related to the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex.

[@qfzyhclqujd6530]

@@_Painted yes,bat is mongolic area,thei aborigens from sabirian people.

[@_Painted]

​@@qfzyhclqujd6530 According to the genetic research and linguistic evidence, the Wusun were originally much more similar to Pashtuns or Russians than Mongols or Tungusic people. They did later mix with various tribes that migrated from farther north and east in Siberia, who were probably somewhat intermediate to Ostyaks (haplogroup N) and Yeniseians (haplogroup Q), but could have also had some component related to Mongols. That mixed group became a core, around which the Turkic ethnic families formed. At the time of the Wusun, Mongolic people were mostly limited to east of the Baikal rift area and in what's now called inner-Mongolia within modern China. Later in history, some Khitans (related to Mongols) migrated west and were absorbed into the Kazakh turks. Eventually, Mongols rose to dominance in the Altai, pushed out most of the remaining Turks from 'outer-Mongolia' and then the Mongol Empire followed from there.

[@_Painted]

@@qfzyhclqujd6530 For the most part: Indo-Iranic: haplogroup R + J + G East-Uralic: haplogroup N Yeniseian: haplogroup Q Hunnic/Xiongnu: haplogroup N + Q Mongolic/Tungusic: haplogroups C + O + N Chinese: haplogroup O Turkic: Indo-Iranic + Huns Kazakh (Turkic): Turkic + Mongolic

[@emmymoobiez]

Pali is the language of the Pali Canon or Tipitaka as well as the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism. Also I'm Buddhist.

[@didd2810]

Pali too comes from Vedic Sanskrit. But its use died like many other Prakrits. The only reason it survives, just like Sanskrit, is because of Buddhists who preserved it as a sacred and protected language.

[@tttsss3354]

Yes finally. Love from India

[@Dourios_96]

🇮🇳🇬🇷 greetings from Athens my friend :)

[@vasi853]

Greetings from Greece. 🇮🇳🇬🇷🇮🇳🇬🇷🇮🇳

[@PersianHistorian]

Greetings from Persia

[@rupalitales5444]

@@Dourios_96 kzbin.info/www/bejne/i2TKap-QeKinfJo

[@vinitbadgujar1473]

@@Dourios_96 hail Zeus

[@sporksto4372]

Well, the title seemed kinda misleading to me as it had first given me the impression that the video was gonna contain all the languages of the branch Indo-Iranians. And then I realized it says "Indo-Aryan" and not "Indo-Iranian" LOL 😂😂😂

[@CostasMelas]

I have done another video for the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian

[@fidel1803]

About 1,5 billion people now, and they are inheritors of very small community from Central Asia.

[@PersianHistorian]

As an Aryan from the Middle East, I am very proud of them. Thanks to them our language family is the biggest language family on earth.

[@debjitpaul2240]

Not the total 1.35B people are Indo-Aryan, a large part of India (south) speaks languages from the Dravidian language family (Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam). Thus not all indians are descendents of those central Asian nomads.

[@PersianHistorian]

@@debjitpaul2240 Yeah but don't forget the millions of Indo-Aryans outside of India like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Fiji, Suriname, etc.

[@plumebrisee6206]

@@PersianHistorian Biggest in which way ? By number of people speaking the language or by number of language ?

[@PersianHistorian]

@@plumebrisee6206 Native Speakers

[@bruhsoundeffect2882]

5:51 okay, I see new text beginning to appear, probably just language names changing... 5:58 What the...

[@CostasMelas]

:D The phrase "printer's devil" or "daemon of printing" is used in the press/typography. What is the similar expression about the videos?

[@WolfGamer2000YT]

Too Many languages in a small country

[@lightscameras4166]

Doge Gamer 2015 I mean if you include the entire Indian Subcontinent (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) then its pretty massive and can cover the entire of mainland Europe. So I think it’s pretty huge. From a fellow Pakistani 🇵🇰

[@mvalthegamer2450]

@@WolfGamer2000YT South Asia is larger than the Trajan Roman Empire

[@lightscameras4166]

@@mvalthegamer2450 wth really? 😅😅

[@commanderjnm2008]

As a Polish person who is learning to speak Hindustani, this animation video is very enlightening! Thanks! Mujhe sabhee Indo-Aryan languages bohot pasand hai! Mai todhi Punjabi aur Urdu bhi samajta hoon kiowkee ve bohot Hindi ko samaan hai! :D Sorry if I messed up my Hindi. :D By the way, I'm sure that all Indians have heard this before, but to me, Bengali and Gujarati sound very sweet to my ears with their beautiful "ch" and "sh" sounds. :)

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@commanderjnm2008]

@@CostasMelas can you do "history of the Japonic/Koreanic languages"? Even if it requires a separate video for each of the 2 language groups. Or you can simply do just one. Do you know if there is such thing as "Proto-Koreano-Japonic" language group root, like a common ancestor to both Proto-Japonic and Proto-Koreanic?

[@Soham.69]

Its Hindi not Hindustani Hindustan means land of the Hindus

[@numbdeeds3878]

I am a simple Hungarian, I see a polish, I press like

[@commanderjnm2008]

@@Soham.69I said "Hindustani" because by learning Hindi, I am automatically learning Urdu too in a certain sense as they are 90% the same in casual spoken form, and only the written formal versions of Hindi and Urdu are different, but really Urdu and Hindi are only considered different languages because Islamic religion historically heavily influenced Urdu while the Hindu religion influenced Hindi, and it's only some words that are different really in both languages. The main difference between Urdu language and Hindi language is just the cultural-religious difference between the speakers of both respective languages. But you probably know this already since you are Indian yourself so... that's why I said "Hindustani" because I am automatically learning both Urdu and Hindi, if I'm learning Hindi. :)

[@Comedy_Kick]

Please do a video on the evolution of Indic scripts 🤓

[@ZlHl1999]

Peshawar, Pakistan, in ancient times speaks Gandhara, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan language, but in modern times speaks Pashto, which belongs to the Iranian language

[@bhanupratap1063]

Peshawar spoke Prakrit in ancient times.

[@user-mu8vy1bn8e]

Peshawar is Punjabi speaking

[@HasnainKhan-lh6si]

@@user-mu8vy1bn8e punjabi🤡

[@sumitsingh7835]

In North India ,every regional language and dialect has its origin in Sanskrit .

[@knowledgedesk1653]

@ꅏꍟꍏꌗꍟ꒒ Prakrt came from Vedic Samskrt.

[@abhishekmhatre1554]

Almost ever. The Munda language, the Khasi language and some other tribal languages spoken in North India are not derived from Sanskrit but from the Austroasiatic language which was spoken in Southeast Asia about 3500-4000 years ago.

[@vihangabimsara4716]

not only North India in sri lanka we still learn Pali

[@jaganr77]

@ꅏꑀꁲꈜꑀ꒒ Vedic Sanskrit is a myth

[@jaganr77]

@@vihangabimsara4716 Bhudda’s language was Pali

[@mrkslva4231]

Ayubowan🙏!! From a Sinhalese from Sri Lanka. 🇱🇰❤🇮🇳❤🇵🇰❤🇲🇻❤🇧🇩❤🇳🇵

[@souvikmanna8985]

Romani language (European country), domari language (middle East) two Indo Aryans language ,

[@Marandahir]

Wusun is unclassified Indo-European ethnic group, but were more likely closely related to the Sogdians (who spoke an Indo-Iranian language). The first attestation of Wusun isn't until the 2nd century BCE, so I'm not sure how you're getting Wusun languages in the Indo-Aryan video thousands of years before the Common Era. Similarly, Nuristani is a separate branch off of Indo-Iranian than either Indo-Aryan or Iranian/Iranic Languages. If anything, it should be in both videos, and then disappear as Iranian does in this one and Indo-Aryan does in the Iranian languages video.

[@CostasMelas]

You 're right about Nuristani. I chose to set it in the video about the Indo-Aryans because earlier it was classified as Dardic Indo-Aryan language

[@Marandahir]

@@CostasMelas And why including Wusun?

[@FirstLast-hz8ut]

Marandahir The reason I think is that. Nobody knows what the Wusun spoke. But the Chinese did mention that the Wusun had Light skin, deep eye sockets and big eyes. Many researchers have linked this to Indo-Aryan.

[@adityanawani8134]

@@FirstLast-hz8ut Dark Skin.

[@FirstLast-hz8ut]

@@adityanawani8134 Not all Indo-Aryans have dark skin.

[@mashiah1]

Nice that you didn't miss the Gypsy language. But in Germanic languages Yiddish is missing

[@abruemmer77]

Yiddish is a indo-european laguage, right?

[@abloodorange5233]

Can you please do languages of the ancient middle east throughout time? It would be great to see the ranges of aramaic and assyrian!

[@vampireducks1622]

This introduced me to the Wusun, circa 1450 BC to 650 CE. Thanks.

[@badpiggies988]

Yeah but I read up on them, apparently they were actually Iranic

[@iSyriux]

@@badpiggies988 Wusun were tocharian

[@chandlervonhaght]

Wow! This is awesome. ❤ from a Sinhalese speaker in SL

[@VimdhayakJiOP]

I never thought that sinhalese is Indo aryan language Tamil is Dravidian but sinhalese is indo aryan😯 Shock to know that

[@chandlervonhaght]

@@VimdhayakJiOP Yes, that surprises me too. The way our ancestors migrated is amazing.

[@whoisjoe5610]

@@chandlervonhaght Weren't they of Bengali origin?

[@infinite5795]

@@whoisjoe5610 Mars was Bengali as well or so you wish?

[@didd2810]

​@@whoisjoe5610Bengali didn't exist then. You can Eastern Indian origin or Magadhi origin. Which is why the Sinhalese are mostly Buddhist and keep Pali alive since Eastern India was the birthplace of Buddhism. Although, Sinhalese probably originated further East from the real origin of Buddhism.

[@sylvali1046]

Awesome video as always! Since you already did most indo-european families, any chances you will cover Berber, Semitic or Sinitic?

[@vandalking8341]

Amazing video Costas. You never disappoint!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you :)

[@ruhavi9008]

1050 Romani/Gypsy people😉

[@Stinga64]

My long lost Punjabi cousin. 💪🏽✌🏽

[@darkavenger8827]

@@Stinga64 They are from Rajasthan

[@Stinga64]

@@darkavenger8827 no bro Punjab look it up

[@Stinga64]

A little in rajasthan but more in Punjab

[@rt9637]

@@Stinga64 both.

[@boemiobe4t993]

You could do a history of Indo-European languages. It would be awesome all the families together.

[@narasimhashelar6745]

I'm a proud marathi of Arya descent.

[@user-dz4pb2ll3k]

nice joke.

[@randomperson6141]

Marathis and everyone in the Indian subcontinent is a mix of Aryans + Dravidians + Adi vasis

[@user-dz4pb2ll3k]

@@randomperson6141 even pashtuns?

[@narasimhashelar6745]

@@user-dz4pb2ll3k No joke my friend, I took a DNA test, I'm half-dravidian and half Indo-Aryan and Scythian.

[@narasimhashelar6745]

@@randomperson6141 I took a DNA test and my reports stated that I'm of Indo-Scythian origin whose ancestors probably migrated from Iran in the early 4th century.

[@boemiobe4t993]

I really like that, and how did it take you to finish ? Please, do Sinitic or semitic languages in the next video...

[@CostasMelas]

It was one of the most difficult works. I work it for a lot of weeks

[@arta.xshaca]

@@CostasMelas what software/programs do you use? I just want to know... I don’t have the ability to make a simple map video, let alone a continuous language one.

[@user-iu3gn2ln3o]

it's fantastic how different languages formed from sanskrit.love from sinhalese speaker from sri lanka 💥

[@aadithyaawali7484]

India Sri lanka brothers for life

[@willowrowley7830]

I've been waiting for this one!😇

[@EduNauta95]

Now that you have most branches of the indoeuropean languages, can you do a video of all the family group at once? Thank you!

[@user-ns2cx4in1h]

Greeting Indo Aryan Languageas 🇧🇩🇮🇳🇵🇰🇦🇫

[@PersianHistorian]

@дрсн and Fiji and Suriname

[@chandlervonhaght]

and 🇱🇰

[@aadithyaawali7484]

Even Nepal and maldives

[@Unknown___5]

Don't show Afghanistan flag in it

[@LeroyUrocyon]

@@Unknown___5 Afghanistan is horrible

[@alephd93]

Wow im half Pashayi... And Pashayi is a Nuristani Language which is akin to Ancient Vedic, Mitanni and Wusun! Nice.

[@forgottenmusic1]

Actually, the Gypsies invaded as well as the whole Europe, even if not in big numbers, and developed local dialects, including loanwords from local languages. Many of these dialects are recently vanishing, but some are still in active use even in so remote countries as Latvia f.e.

[@kxnyshk]

umm.. just a little correction, the Romas, or what you call as Gypsies didn't 'invaded' Europe. They themselves were forced to leave there native homes, resulting in their Westward migration, as we know it today. Peace

[@ArktourosUltorMaximus7600]

For those who don't know Sanskrit and Old Persian have very similar words. In short, we Indians and iranians are cousins.

[@eshaansarkar2017]

Persian was also used in most parts of India but now it's lost. I am learning it to bring a revival. Love Iran from India. By the way, we are Aryan Bros, isn't it?

[@ArktourosUltorMaximus7600]

@@eshaansarkar2017 I am Indian btw

[@alzicario3466]

Indians are mostly dravidian genetically, the darker u are the more dravidian. Indo aryans were pale with colored eyes and hair, so you are not Indo Aryan. You only speak their language.

[@IndoAryan]

​@@alzicario3466 no

[@mrtrollnator123]

​@@alzicario3466no that's not true

[@nucainchicksaw4411]

Thank you very much for this video! What is the next video going to be about?

[@CostasMelas]

You 're welcome :). I haven't thought about the next work yet

[@someinteresting]

@@CostasMelas Sinitic?

[@arth423]

@@CostasMelas Mongolic languages?

[@user-fb2qw5sb1w]

@@arth423 what's Mongolian languages? Isn't Mongolian one single language?

[@arth423]

@@user-fb2qw5sb1w sorry for bad English. I wanted to say mongolic languages (Mongolian, Kalmyk, Buryat ...)

[@jonaDMR]

Hi. It would be interesting to see a map of the ancient Mediterranean Sea with the major powers: Athens, Sparta, Carthage, Macedonia, Egypt, the Seleucid Empire. It would be fantastic to see in motion how in the end Rome is left with everything.

[@brunorossibonin788]

@Irani Almost everything haha

[@Dourios_96]

God that must had been so hard to make μπράβο ρε Κώστα

[@CostasMelas]

Ευχαριστώ :)

[@Dourios_96]

@@CostasMelas ;)

[@randomtanker4355]

Now even Punjabi has divisions like Saraiki, Potohari and Hindko lol, South Asian language families are very large XD

[@didd2810]

It never had divisions. It was always separate languages. Just govts in India and Pakistan don't give a damn becauae they're so eager to promote Hindi-Urdu all the time.

[@efdalteknikel2151]

I loved how the Gypsies expanded at the latest stage

[@user-dz8pg5sw6s]

Romania is and Indo-aryan country

[@003mohamud]

@@user-dz8pg5sw6s nope it is Latin. Romas are not Romanians

[@user-dz8pg5sw6s]

Samatar Mohamed nah its Indo-aryan. Hence it’s called Romania 😝 (Romani language)

[@nickn1635]

@@user-dz8pg5sw6s I hope you're not serious

[@carmi7042]

@@user-dz8pg5sw6s Romania is called for its descendance from the Romans

[@vasi853]

Always wondering how do these people communicate with other when they speak 1000 different languages. India seems really weird (in a good way) for western people.

[@galgar5660]

English or Hindi.

[@Llampec95]

The thing is that by size and population you should compare India to all of Europe ;) So actually the geographic ditribution of languages is not that different from ours

[@alzicario3466]

All westerners that go there get scammed and hate india

[@BrutusAlbion]

@@alzicario3466 you don't even need to go to india to get scammed by indians ...

[@therandomizer9943]

@@galgar5660 in india, they speak both

[@bubirarda]

by the way, Sanskrit language is so similar to Hittit language

[@precentvm8455]

and Ancient Irish, surprisingly

[@G3E007]

@@precentvm8455 indoeuropean common heritage

[@bijaybaniya6834]

Sanskrit, pahari , nepali language is from Himalaya gurkha , nepal

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

precentvm where are your sources? I’ve been looking for Primitive Irish sources...

[@matucaerri]

Because all aryan people have gypsy language. Be proud of that guys. 😆😆😆 Once again i m proud to be a Turk because i have clean and old language.

[@hussnainsamee2603]

I think you shouldve just shown the map of the subcontinent as its hard to see all the language

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

I agree but he did it to show the Romani languages and Mitanni-indic

[@bartolomeodiaz7847]

Your work is amazing. Can you say me where you take map for drawing?

[@CostasMelas]

The starting maps derives from shapefiles, files that you can edited with a gis program. There are free shapefiles in many sites, openstreetmap, various univesities, eurostat etc.

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

Will be video about Armenian language?

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

I second this

[@klearkhoswashokani1797]

1915: yeet

[@frankolioman]

"History of the Anatolian languages" next?

[@preoximerias7366]

Anatolian is not a language nor is a language family.

[@crysis3015]

@@preoximerias7366 www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolian_languages%23:~:text%3DThe%2520Anatolian%2520languages%2520are%2520an,%252Dattested%2520Indo%252DEuropean%2520language.&ved=2ahUKEwjc0cWs6M3sAhUDvVkKHWKeCwwQFjAOegQIBxAE&usg=AOvVaw2rOLCLoP8uX5nJtPFVEjUP

[@user-fb2qw5sb1w]

6:27 What's that Indic language in southern Europe and northern Africa???

[@capitalm6438]

The one in the Balkans and Anatolia is Romani, the other I'm not sure about.

[@efdalteknikel2151]

It is probably Romani.

[@CostasMelas]

The language of Roma, known formerly as gypsies

[@bruhsoundeffect2882]

@Bahram Chobin That was the Romanis/Gypsies migrating out of Western India and into Byzantine empire. To this day they have signifigant population in Balkan countries, and retain a lot of there Indian features. Sadly, many Eroupeans have anti-Romani views.

[@Nodir79]

There are a lot of gypsies in Central Asia, too. Near our city of Qarshi, Uzbekistan, there is the largest community of gypsies in Central Asia.

[@robbedeprins3064]

Can you Please tell me which program or site you use for your Maps

[@CostasMelas]

paintnet and blender

[@IRANSHAHR_P]

Good job👌🏻 Love Aryan brothers and sisters from Iran❤

[@nobody7220]

cool

[@eshaansarkar2017]

Love Iran from India!

[@nobody7220]

@@eshaansarkar2017 Abbe thik ache ! Chup kor gander

[@eshaansarkar2017]

@@nobody7220 What's your problem? If you don't like something, just ignore it.

[@nobody7220]

@@eshaansarkar2017 Did you know that every year about 8 lakh people leave Hinduism to become Christian and Muslim yet the no. is not replenished. So within the next 50 to 70 years, India will have a Hindu minority

[@azad7608]

Love from India ❤️❤️🇮🇳🇮🇳

[@tarabostesmadafaca4859]

Ideea for the next: History of thraco-Illyrian-Dacic language

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

Would be very difficult the only thing he would really be able to do is to show vaguely where it wasn’t and not where exactly it was...

[@tarabostesmadafaca4859]

@Alex C Albanian language and maybe Croatian language have illyrians remainds

[@tarabostesmadafaca4859]

@Yamanature good ideea

[@LeroyUrocyon]

Most identifiable Indo-Aryan languages 1. 🇮🇳 Hindi 2. 🇧🇩 Bengali 3. 🇵🇰 Punjabi 4. 🇮🇳 Gujarati 5. 🇱🇰 Sinhala

[@LeroyUrocyon]

@@joel12388 I put the flags that should not repeat the flag of India.

[@didd2810]

​@@LeroyUrocyonlmao but you're just listing the "reported" population numbers of these languages. Half of these are false or partially true because of lazy and compromised govt reporting.

[@didd2810]

For one, Punjabi has much less speakers. Pakistani govt counts all natives in Pakistan as Punjabi speakers but this far from true. Saraiki and Pahari-Potohwari languages are verifiably different. Pakistan's Punjabi numbers are completely hyperinflated. Additionally, India's Punjabi numbers are deflated. Indian Punjab split on the basis of Hindu-Sikh regions which affected their linguistic relations as well. Many Hindu Punjabis reported their mother tomgue as Hindi even when they couldn't actually speak it, a large fraction also eventually gave up on Punjabi for Hindi. Crucially, mainly Hindu Punjabi former refugees from Pakistani Punjab settled outside of Indian Punjab, including Delhi, Haryana, UP, Himachal, Jammu Kashmir, etc. They too eventually lost their language or report it as Hindi mostly. Ethnically speaking, India has about 45+% of Punjabis and Pakistan has the remaining but Pakistan hyperinflates Punjabi's numbers like crazy because Islamabad doesn't bother.

[@didd2810]

Bhojpuri is much higher than reported. This is because majority Bhojpuri speaking areas in East UP report their language as Hindi even though their mother tongue is Bhojpuri. This is not the same for West Biharis who only report Bhojpuri. Accounting for this change, Bhojpuriyas are actually one of the largest ethnic groups in India. The only question is if Bengalis are more than them or not, I can't say for sure.

[@didd2810]

Hindi-Urdu is nowhere as big. Its largely limited to urban speakers in North Indian cities or urban folks of mixed ethnox backgrouds. In any rural setting, majority of the population don't speak either even when they report or govt presents like that. Rajasthani, Awadhi, Braj, Malvi, Haryanvi, Kannauji, Bundeli, Bagheli, Chhattisgarhi, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Khorta, and all Pahadi languages from Jammu Kashmir to Uttarakhand make this list.

[@Meowie765]

I think prakrit should appear alongside Vedic . There are studies that state Prakrit(middle indo Aryan) is not even a descendant of Vedic and existed alongside vedic . One of studies is "The Indo Aryan Languages " by George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain .

[@didd2810]

But contemporary thought is that it is a descendant of Vedic but contemporary of Classic or modern day Sanskrit which makes a lot of sense

[@Meowie765]

How can Prakrit be a descendant of Vedic when the former has preserved linguistic features from Proto Indo Aryan that are not even seen in Vedic anymore ? There is no longer any concrete consensus on Prakrit being a descendant of Vedic.

[@sahilsingh6048]

​@@Meowie765Prakrit is exactly decomposed form of vedic sanskirt , just look at the prakrit words where dharma becomes dhmma and kapliavastu becomes kapilavattu , even Existance of vedic sanskirt is older than prakrit languages , the Mittani tabelet found in iraq dated back to 1400BC is written in vedic sanskrit and a verse from Rig veda prasing indra agni.

[@Ida-xe8pg]

Dravidian/Afro-Asiatic/Sino-Tibetan Language family next next

[@meganathan98]

How do you make these animations?

[@jermanyificationify]

Maldivian is the ethnicity, The Language is Called 'Dhivehi', Also spoken by people of Minicoy Island in India

[@Sawo-500]

I am a Sinhala from Sri Lanka. My mother tongue is Sinhala ( Sinhalese )

[@joacoolcipher]

Can you do History of the Austronesian languages?

[@CostasMelas]

I'll try to make it in the future

[@NihilSineRex1881]

Can you do in your next video a video about Dacia?

[@CostasMelas]

It is very difficult but I will make another effort

[@NihilSineRex1881]

@@CostasMelas I hope you'll suceed on that.

[@animeguy7037]

So were Vedas originally written in Indo-Iranian or Indo-Armenic coz they are really old from the reference of climate and weather can say 5000 years old atleast

[@FirstLast-hz8ut]

The Vedas were written in Vedic Sanskrit.

[@fernando-ek6dr]

The oldest part of Vedas were writteng in vedic sanskrit around 1500 - 1200 b.c.

[@animeguy7037]

@@fernando-ek6dr No they mention of River Saraswati which dried out 2500-2000BC

[@fernando-ek6dr]

@@animeguy7037 In fact, the most recent theories suggest that the Saraswati is the current Iamuna river and it dried up between 2000 and 1700 BC. and his valley became the Thar desert

[@rameshraghothama8324]

@@animeguy7037 The original Saraswati was probably Arghandab river . And IE people have the habit of re-applying place names to new places as they move about. Its possible the Avestans called Arghandab as Haraxvati instead.

[@Cosmic_Love]

Finally! I was wondering how Icelandic and Indian are from the same language family.

[@avantelvsitania3359]

“Indian”?

[@NortheastIndiaindetails]

Indian isn't a language

[@xdgamer2765]

English and hindi was in the same language which is pretty interesting.

[@pravarm7445]

What the heck is Indian

[@reaper9443]

Indian is a subcontinent not language 😂

[@maryllthemusicman1318]

semi-upset you didn't show the spread of classical sanskrit and pali into Indonesia and the Philippines

[@thedailyjusteen7742]

Rajanate of Cebu**

[@ultraboy3195]

@@thedailyjusteen7742 Tamil pandya king

[@monkeypie8701]

can you do one on the middle eastern languages

[@Alex.af.Nordheim]

Can you explain why did you put the Wusun here? Because according to wikipedia "The Wusun are generally believed to be an Indo-European people and speak a language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch."

[@CostasMelas]

Most sources place it in the Indo-Aryan branch

[@saulmedeiros8836]

Is classical sanskrit still used in India? Interesting

[@servantofaeie1569]

yes, native speakers too

[@arya1275]

Yes I can understand Sanskrit And ancient hindi and Tamil too

[@rebelxyz2077]

Sanskrit is still spoken in some village in India as their mother tongue. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism.

[@kazioglod]

Good to see romanian in indo-aryan language group

[@umashi4437]

You dumb, romanian is an italic language.

[@julianfejzo4829]

That's not Romanian you idiot

[@servantofaeie1569]

ROMANI not Romanian... Romanian is Romance

[@aksharraj]

My language Gujarati from India is mixture of around 9 languages first Gujarati, Sanskrit, Devnagari, Hindi, Urdu, Farsi, Arbi, Marathi, Vraj and new English

[@parvadhami980]

Devnagri is a script not some language idiot

[@duttatreya2314]

What's the music used in the background?

[@CostasMelas]

See in the description part

[@beefcakepantiehoes]

What about the eastern Iranian languages such as Scythian?

[@CostasMelas]

It is in my previous video on the Iranian Languages

[@aguyinvamvakoussa1355]

Κώστα θα μπορουσες να κάνεις ένα τέτοιο βιντεο για την ελληνική γλώσσα αλλά πιο λεπτομερές με διαλέκτους και τοπικά ιδίωματα. Εξαιρετικό βίντεο και σήμερα 💪💪

[@CostasMelas]

Έχω κάνει για την ελληνική γλώσσα. Ήταν μάλιστα το πρώτο της σχετικής σειράς

[@aguyinvamvakoussa1355]

@@CostasMelas σε ευχαριστώ πολυ συνέχισε την τρομακτικά καλή δουλειά

[@vasi853]

Οι περισσότεροι που τον βλέπουνε είναι ξένοι και οπότε δεν θα τους ενδιέφερε ένα τέτοιο βίντεο. Είναι λογικό σαν Έλληνες να θέλουμε βίντεο σχετικά με Ελλάδα, αλλά οι ξένοι είναι μάλλον αδιάφοροι για την ελληνική γλώσσα. Ο Κώστας πρέπει να ανεβάζει βίντεο που αρέσουν σε όλους, Έλληνες και ξένους.

[@umashi4437]

Papadopoulos hellena mitroklou

[@sarmadali7191]

Urdu was like: I am sorry for being late!

[@sarmadali7191]

@papa joe stalin of Stalinist stanistan Persianized tbh

[@byron-ih2ge]

Urdu hindi are like if the hindustani language suffered a split personality disorder😂

[@coldblue5158]

Urdu is just copied from Hindi

[@Alakhana]

@@coldblue5158 Urdu dates back 900 years ago and was spoken by Amir Khusrowow, Hindi was made over a century ago. You can tell which language was copied from which.

[@coldblue5158]

@@Alakhana no it doesnt. urdu is copied off hindi from the mughal empire.

[@polatism1]

Can you make a map of both, without separating the Indo-Iranians?

[@annatraveler]

Amazing and interesting video😊

[@eshaansarkar2017]

I am a Bengali. It belongs to the Indo Aryan group. I am kind of confused about my ancestry. Well, apart from Aryan and Dravidian, no one knows that in Bengali ethnicity there is about ten percent of Mongoloid influence. Infact, I have met Mongoloid Bengalis. Now, as for me, my Maternal Grandfather is black, maternal Grandmother is Brown, Maternal first Aunt is Brown, Maternal first Uncle is Brown, Maternal second Uncle is Unknown ( I have never seen him) My mother is Brown, my Maternal Second Aunt is White. As for Paternal Grandparents, I don't know what they looked like. My father is White, My Paternal Aunts,five of them are Brown, My two Paternal Uncle are Brown. Now, as for my cousin's from both sides, all out of seven of them are White while one is Brown. Now as for my sister, she is White, while I am Brown.

[@bijoydasudiya]

Austric race found amongst various tribes and untouchables of West Bengal. In Bangladesh and Karimganj subdivision of Sylhet district you can find Mongoloid race mixed with Dravidian and Austric races mainly amongst lower castes Shudras, untouchables and tribes.

[@Aws895]

Nuristani languages aren't considered Indo-Aryan anymore. It was a much older theory. Nuristani languages were earlier thought to be part of "Dardic" languages of Indo-Aryan which themselves are also very divergent from other Indo-Aryan languages and there was also a debate over them for a long time whether they even belonged to Indo-Aryan themselves. Later studies revealed that Nuristani forms it's own seperate branch within Indo-Iranian. A third branch of it seperate from both Indo-Aryan as well as Iranian branch. That is because it shows fundamental features that are unique to it and those don't exist in other two branches.

[@nobody7220]

no its still considered part of !

[@imienazwisko6527]

I hope there will be some videos about some native american languages at some point ngl

[@tihamah4362]

2:36 isn't it little bit inaccurate here. Because south Indian languages are from different language family??

[@adityanawani8134]

But Classical Sanskrit was used in religious ceremonies even in the South.

[@nisachar6881]

Almost all south indians' names are in Sanskrit, that must be the reason.

[@tihamah4362]

@@nisachar6881 yeah I know, but there are also many surnames here In North which are non-sanskritic

[@nisachar6881]

@@tihamah4362 are you really comparing those numbers with northern names? It's almost negligible. Also, we are not talking about those Arabic names here.

[@nisachar6881]

@dash Rex I said almost. Sanskrit names are more used.

[@animeguy7037]

So many Indo-Aryan languages just vanished like Gandhari, Wusun, etc.

[@wadisindhda7713]

Gandhari didn’t just “vanish”; rather we see heavy influences of it in Punjabi, Pashto and Dardic languages. Languages converging and or being absorbed by other languages is just the process of linguistic development.

[@animeguy7037]

@@wadisindhda7713 Pashto?

[@animeguy7037]

@@wadisindhda7713 Punjabi had it's own Madri, Kuru, and Panchnadi prakrit scripts. Punjabi has nothing to do with Gandhari.

[@wadisindhda7713]

@@animeguy7037 I study both Gandhari and Kharosthi. There are no such things as Madri, Kuru or Panchnadi scripts. Punjabi derives significant influence from Gandhari.

[@wadisindhda7713]

@@animeguy7037 Yes, Pashto derives most of it's Indo-Aryan elements from Gandhari.

[@satanshameer690]

The original inhabitants of gandhara were genetically closer to kohistani dards but where replaced by Pashtuns who had relations with bactrians

[@didd2810]

If you heard Gandhari Prakrit, you'll notice its absolute similarity with other Prakrits in India but also with its mother, Vedic Sanskrit. It's really unfortunate that its all dead now. Not just the language and the people but also the culture and the civilization esp under the regressive Talibanis.

[@serkankinden5150]

Hi Costas, you have big knowledge and I really very appreciate it. Also, thank you for all your efforts. Greetings from Turkey.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@qwertycrusader1019]

Can you make a video on history of dravidian languages? Kindly reply

[@arta.xshaca]

I would be glad if he did. Dravirs have been in South Asia for thousands of years. Their relatives, the Harappans, built the famous IVC. That means Dravir+Harappans stretched from Indus of PAKISTAN to Green Delta of Bangladesh. (In BD, there is evidence of Red-Black ware culture, which is said to be Dravir)

[@rameshraghothama8324]

@@arta.xshaca Dravidian People - dominated by Y DNA haplogroup K1 ( parent of L, T) , J2 and H ; Indo-Aryan - dominated by Y Dna Haplogroup K2 ( parent of R) and low amount of G.

[@gabrieljusto6104]

If I'm not mistaken, the Wusun were a Iranian-speaking people, weren't they? Great video nonetheless.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. The descent of Wusun is disputed, but the Indo-Aryan hypothesis is quite popular (there are also the Iranian, Tocharian and Turkic hypothesis)

[@FirstLast-hz8ut]

The Chinese mentioned that the Wusun had pale skin but had deep eye sockets and had big eyes. Many people have connected this description to Indo-Aryans.

[@adityanawani8134]

@@FirstLast-hz8ut Not pale but dark skin.

[@FirstLast-hz8ut]

@@adityanawani8134 No. Not all Indo-Aryans have dark skin!!!!!

[@adityanawani8134]

@@FirstLast-hz8ut I know bruh!😃😃😃 But Chinese mentioned Wusun as dark skinned.

[@brauchebenutzername]

The constance of nuristani and wusun really is astonishing. They kept unchanged at the same place. Wusun did not change their place from 1580 to 110 bce. That is about 1500 years. All the languages around, not only the indo-aryan ones, were changing.

[@joaop.r.4129]

What is the language in the meddle east?

[@fernando-ek6dr]

is the kingdom of Mitanni, a Hurrian kingdom that existed in what is now Syria and Iraq between 1650 - 1270 BC, the point is that a treatise on Mitanni war chariots contains many words of Indo-Aryan origin, also the names of their gods and their aristocracy are of Indo-Aryan origin, some hypotheses propose that their aristocracy would be Indo-Aryans who had not yet reached India

[@jakobmanga7812]

can you make one to dravidian languages?

[@lekevire]

He did it now.

[@f34rbeast32]

Sucks gandhari is gone it was a cool geography closely related to Punjabi (Mostly Hindkowan) and Some dardic languages. Hell it was even spoken in the Punjab and Afghan regions.

[@f34rbeast32]

Correction on my part after learning more on Gandhari language it seems it MIGHT have influenced Hindko but it’s closest language is actually Kohistani specifically Torwali. The more you know 😅.

[@catnarmo1234]

Sinhalese language is made by sanskrit and pali ,

[@Sawo-500]

Are you Sinhalese ?

[@catnarmo1234]

@@Sawo-500 yes

[@reddragon100]

@@catnarmo1234 isn't pali and sanskrit 70% same

[@worlddata8982]

Sinhala language was made by Elu Prakrit aka Sinhala Prakrit with influence from Pali and Sanskrit. However, Sinhala language has it's own unique features like ඇ (æ) and ඈ (æ:) vowels and half-nasal sounds ඟ (ňga), ඳ (ňda), ඬ (ňda), ඹ (ňba) and ජ (ňja) which aren't in any other Indo-Aryan or Dravidian languages.

[@umashi4437]

What didn't you do the whole indo-iranian (or aryan) languages ?

[@preoximerias7366]

Because Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian languages, while apart of the same family, are two different language groups.

[@umashi4437]

@@preoximerias7366 So why didn't he do the same with turkic languages ?

[@h2eroskoryosaryakaraaryani777]

@@umashi4437 brother indo-iranians group has 315 languages. It's hard to show only major languages also on the map.

[@slyninja4444]

Correct me if Im wrong, but arnt the provinces of India allowed to choose their own language? Meaning Hindustani becoming a lingua franca at the end shouldnt happen in the south.

[@CostasMelas]

Hindi is used as lingua franca of the whole India after 1947 (along with English), moreover a numerous regional languages retained its official status, but they are used only in some provinces

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

Indonesia was in sphere of influence of Hinduism too. Was there Sanskrit language?

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, Sanskrit was used in some regions of Indonesia. I had to use a little different map to include and Indonesia

[@PersianHistorian]

5:18 Gypsies moving to Europe XD

[@matucaerri]

They didn't show iran because the whole iran is gypsy. It means all aryan people are gypsy. 😆😆😆 In Turkic culture there is no gypsy. But in aryan language people so many gypsy.

[@gazibizi9504]

@@matucaerri lol. Most gypsies have assimilated and have you forgot turkification of turkey by Ataturk.

[@mrtrollnator123]

Where's hindi and urdu? (oh I realised they were in the video within the central indo-aryan branch

[@yujiang6004]

Didn't Wusun〔烏孫〕speak Tocharian or Turkic?

[@CostasMelas]

There are those theories too, but it was probably an Indo-Aryan language

[@yujiang6004]

@@CostasMelas thx

[@Alex.af.Nordheim]

@@CostasMelasDo you have sources on that? I'd like to read it myself. Because on wikipedia it says "The Wusun are generally believed to be an Indo-European people and speak a language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch."

[@filippoprofeta1662]

Sino-tibetan languages pleaseee

[@seemsokay5815]

Interestingly most of the languages in India are Sino-Tibetan languages although they are spoken by less than 1% of India's population.

[@zuthmani9955]

Kashmiri being a dardic language is quiet different from other surrounding languages in grammer.

[@amlans5314]

Dardic descends from the old indo-aryan dialects which were the first to split off before the Prakrit stage. That's why they retain much of the old archaic features.

[@rtam7097]

@@amlans5314 they evolved from gandhari Prakrit

[@amlans5314]

@@rtam7097 no, gandhari prakrit doesnt have any descendants

[@amlans5314]

@Fatin Marwat I think its the only major Indo-aryan language which is mostly SVO. Other Indoaryan lang are SOV just like neighbouring Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan. Also Kashmiri has split ergativity, verb-second word order and uses words found in Vedic Sanskrit but not used in modern Indo-aryan.

[@adityanawani8134]

@@rtam7097 I think Dardic languages are direct descendants of Rig Vedic Sanskrit.

[@turagrong9308]

When a Russian living in the north realises that the language of the Maldives could be somewhat close to his.

[@turagrong9308]

(Or any European, actually, regarding the Maldives :) (except for the Mediterranean or Atlantic islanders maybe) Btw, Malé means small in Czech - like really...

[@rameshraghothama8324]

Its not easy to learn Dhivehi if you are Russian - in the sense you would have to learn Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhala and some Tamil in order to even get a grasp of Dhivehi. The word Mala is derived from Mal ( as in Mala- Malformed/Malicious ) . In fact in Sinhala lot of words/names have been Europeanized as a result of Dutch and English colonial transliteration - their surnames sound fully butchered from the original Pre Colonial Sinhala. And Dhivehi is even more derived with lot of Arabization and some Farsi influence also.

[@blackphoenix3220]

Are you sure that Wusun was Aryan? And Mitanni was not a language, the Mitanni elite were Indo-Aryan but they used the Hurrian language.

[@CostasMelas]

The language refers as Indo-Aryan substrate in Mitanni

[@blackphoenix3220]

@@CostasMelas ok.

[@delaramsalmassi4063]

Were the Hittites Indo - Aryan or what?!