History of the Mongolic Languages

History of the Mongolic Languages, Xianbei, Mongolic, Para-Mongolic, Rouran, Khitan, Tuyuhun, Tuoba, Kumo Xi, Middle Mongol, Mongolian, Oirat, Buryat, Kakmyk, Ordos, Eastern Yugur, Santa, Ordos, Dagur, Moghol
Music:
Hopeless - Jimena Contreras

[@CostasMelas]

See also facebook: facebook.com/people/Costas-Melas-Page/100090025323926/ twitter: twitter.com/Costas_Melas

[@arta.xshaca]

Face reveal?

[@slyninja4444]

3:41 Kalmyk be like: "Ok, I'm gonna head out."

[@Uygar07]

What is kalmyk

[@bluemym1nd]

When the Mongol Empire happened it's almost as if the mongols wanted revenge for all the extinct languages

[@Qiyunwu]

Probably made a lot of the other languages extinct

[@politonno2499]

​@@Qiyunwu Actually not, the mongol empire had rules about cultural acceptance and assimilation. The mongol leaders learnt and even taught the languages of the other cultures they conquered. That's why mongolic languages aren't spoken in all Eurasia unlike russian

[@giorgospapoutsakis5271]

​@@Qiyunwu -_-

[@barguttobed]

😂 So true hope Mongols unite on day again ❤

[@clouds-rb9xt]

@@politonno2499yeah they sure were accepting...

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

History of Mongolic and Para-Mongolic languages👀

[@x-lendrow806]

I've been waiting for this for a while.

[@iroquoianmapper]

Great work!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@leonardo_fratila]

Very interesting, thank you brilliant ❤

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@slyninja4444]

3:04 Genghis Khan has entered the chat.

[@isthishimdaniel]

Omg yes finally i was waiting for this vid

[@yaralikatil]

Most of the Mongolic loanwords in Turkic were transmitted during and after the Mongol empire , but there are items obviously predating the rise of the historical Mongols.598 The Turkic loanwords in Mongolic , on the other hand were transmitted in at least two major waves, of which only the second corresponds to the period of Turkic dominance in Mongolia . The loanwords of this second wave bear linguistic characteristics more or less congruous with the historically recorded Turkic idioms of the Turk and Uighur Khanates.599 The loanwords of the first wave , however , derive from a Turkic language of a fundamentally different type .

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

Proto-Turkic and Mongols genetically are the same origin , and so are the same for the Koreans, Manchus..... Their ancestry was essentially derived from the Ancient Northeast Asians（Slab Grave culture/1300-300 BC） Proto Turkic peoples may have originally been N1a, inhabiting modern Manchuria, but then Integrated into the Xiongnu（mostly Q1） The Hg N lineages beginning in southern China about 21 kya, and expanding into northern China（Mongolia and Manchuria）12-18 kya According to the results published by Nature (journal), Turkic, Mongolic, Koreanic, Japonic and Tungusic languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, where they split from a common ancestor around the Liaodong Gulf, near Korea, 9000 years ago. The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明) Xiaohexi culture 小河西文化 (9,000-8,500 BP) Xinglongwa culture 興隆窪文化 (8,200-7,400 BP): major Y-DNA N Zhaobaogou culture 趙宝溝文化 (7,500-6,500 BP): major Y-DNA N Hongshan culture 紅山文化 (6,500-5,000 BP)·: major Y-DNA N O2 C2 About 5,000-6,000 years ago，Trans-Eurasian Language Separation（Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic）： 1，Most of them who remained in the east became Mongolian，Tungusic people 2，O2a+C2+N1a enter the Korean peninsula and Japan The proto-Koreans started to migrate into the southern Korean Peninsula from Manchuria and northern Korea, where they started to replace and assimilate the previous Japonic-speaking rice-agriculturalists, which arrived earlier in the peninsula. 3，About 4000 years ago, the agricultural ancestors of the Turkic peoples probably migrated westwards into Mongolia and Southern Siberia，form Slab-grave culture N1a has been found with greatest frequency among Siberian Turks（The Tuvans，Dolgans，The Yakuts，Yukaghir.....） 4，They expanded west from Mongolia or Manchuria. then formed western empires like the Khazar, Kangar, Kara-Khanid, Seljuq, Timurid, gradually assimilating Western Asian genes(R1az93+J2+G) According to a 2016 study, Yeniseian people and their language originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. （The Yeniseians are closely related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q1） 94% of Kets have Y DNA Q, they are extremely homogenous. Alexander Vovin argues that at least parts of the Xiongnu, possibly its core or ruling class, spoke a Yeniseian language.Positing a higher degree of similarity of Xiongnu to Yeniseian as compared to Turkic the Yeniseian languages are thought to have contributed many ubiquitous loanwords to Turkic and Mongolic vocabulary, such as Khan, Khagan, Tarqan, and the word for "god" and "sky", Tengri. This conclusion has primarily been drawn from the analysis of preserved Xiongnu texts in the form of Chinese characters. It has been further suggested that the Yeniseian-speaking Xiongnu elite underwent a language shift to Turkic while migrating westward or The Turkic people probably replaced Yeniseian-speaker NCO replaces Q1 (Yenisei speakers) → rapidly expands → absorbs and assimilates Rz93(Andronovo culture and the Tagar culture)+R1b（3000 BC: Initial eastward migration initiating the Afanasievo culture, possibly Proto-Tocharian） J2 originated in West Asia with G. J2 was absorbed by the R1a-Z93 tribes in the Early Bronze Age. As a minor lineage within the R1a-Z93 dominant populations, it would have expanded from the Volga-Ural region to Central and South Asia with the Indo-Aryan invasions： 1，Indo-Iranians of the Andronovo migrate out of their culture and conquer the BMAC region in Central Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization in South Asia around 1800 to 1500 BC. As a result of the mixing of these two peoples, the Iranian and Indo-Aryan cultures are born.（R1a+J2G） 2，The Indo-Aryans establish the Vedic culture around 1500 BC to 500 BC on the Indian subcontinent. The Iranians move westward ca. 1000 BC to 800 BC and conquer many parts of the plateau, establishing Iranian settlements wherever they can. 3，Around 700 BC we see the Iranians integrated on the plateau and two major Iranian peoples (Medes and Persians) begin to establish semi-independent kingdoms close to major West Asian cultures such as Assyria and Elam. Central Asia was largely populated by Indo-Iranian speakers, who actually still live in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia caused a language shift among the Iranian peoples of the area.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@user-rn6nb2ey7e source = Trustmwbro 😂

[@MisticMan-yk7gn]

🤦

[@pas1994ok]

I didn't know that Mongolic languages originated in Manchuria until now

[@AgionOros]

Πολύ ωραίο Κώστα, χρόνια πολλά και για την γιορτή σου.

[@CostasMelas]

Σ' ευχαριστώ πολύ

[@mrtrollnator123]

Great video my brother

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@micahistory]

great video once again

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@micahistory]

@@CostasMelas you're welcome

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

In the case of Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic, certain loanwords in the Mongolic languages point to early contact with Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric) Turkic, also known as r-Turkic. These loanwords precede Common Turkic (z-Turkic) loanwords and include: • Mongolic ikere (twins) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric ikir (versus Common Turkic ekiz) • Mongolic hüker (ox) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric hekür (Common Turkic öküz) • Mongolic jer (weapon) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric jer (Common Turkic yäz) • Mongolic biragu (calf) versus Common Turkic buzagu • Mongolic siri- (to smelt ore) versus Common Turkic siz- (to melt) The above words are thought to have been borrowed from Oghur Turkic during the time of the Xiongnu. Later Turkic peoples in Mongolia all spoke forms of Common Turkic (z-Turkic) as opposed to Oghur (Bulgharic) Turkic, which withdrew to the west in the 4th century. The Chuvash language, spoken by 1 million people in European Russia, is the only living representative of Oghur Turkic which split from Proto Turkic around the 1st century AD. Words in Mongolic like dayir (brown, Common Turkic yagiz) and nidurga (fist, Common Turkic yudruk) with initial *d and *n versus Common Turkic *y are sufficiently archaic to indicate loans from an earlier stage of Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric). This is because Chuvash and Common Turkic do not differ in these features despite differing fundamentally in rhotacism-lambdacism (Janhunen 2006). Oghur tribes lived in the Mongolian borderlands before the 5th century, and provided Oghur loanwords to Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic before Common Turkic loanwords. Golden 2011, p. 31. Before the rise of Genghis Khan Mongolic was spreading at westward and absorbing Turkic speakers (Janhunen, 2008). During the Mongol expansion, Turkic speakers whose tribes and states had been incorporated into the Mongol empire were so much more numerous than Mongols that, although Mongolian was the language of command, it was Turkic rather than Mongolic speech that was chiefly spread across Central Asia and the central and western steppe. Antonio Benítez-Burraco, ‎Steven Moran 2018 p.92 The period of Bulghar Turkic influence on Mongolic seems to have lasted until the fourth century, when the Bulghar Turks withdrew to the west. In Southern Siberia, a few cen- turies without Turkic speakers followed, but most of Mongolia was rapidly covered by a population speaking an early form of Common Turkic, the direct ancestor of Old Turkic and all the modern Turkic languages with the exception of Chuvash. Since the Turkic empires of the Türk and Uighur were for most of the time politically superior to the con- temporary linguistic ancestors of the Mongols, Mongolic (Pre-Proto-Mongolic) bor- rowed a layer of Common Turkic elements that can be distinguished by the absence of the specifically Bulgharic features characteristic of the earlier loanwords. The Mongolic Languages Juha Janhunen 2003

[@arta.xshaca]

The question is: why? Why was Turkic being superseded by Mongolic, like how Scythian was being suoerseded by Turkic?

[@Jote_09]

Aga xianbei’in moğol kavmi olduğuna emin miyiz, videoda öyle göstermiş

[@user-py5gc5dn7t]

Proto-Bulghar is an indo-european language

[@destrovskyj]

​@@user-py5gc5dn7t no, bulgars were a turkic tribe that lately arrived in modern bulgaria and modern bulgars call themselves with the name that turkic bulgars used. its the ssme thing that happened to france

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

@@arta.xshaca Proto-Turkic and Mongols genetically are the same origin , and so are the same for the Koreans, Manchus..... Their ancestry was essentially derived from the Ancient Northeast Asians（Slab Grave culture/1300-300 BC） Proto Turkic peoples may have originally been N1a, inhabiting modern Manchuria, but then Integrated into the Xiongnu（mostly Q1） The Hg N lineages beginning in southern China about 21 kya, and expanding into northern China（Mongolia and Manchuria）12-18 kya According to the results published by Nature (journal), Turkic, Mongolic, Koreanic, Japonic and Tungusic languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, where they split from a common ancestor around the Liaodong Gulf, near Korea, 9000 years ago. The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明) Xiaohexi culture 小河西文化 (9,000-8,500 BP) Xinglongwa culture 興隆窪文化 (8,200-7,400 BP): major Y-DNA N Zhaobaogou culture 趙宝溝文化 (7,500-6,500 BP): major Y-DNA N Hongshan culture 紅山文化 (6,500-5,000 BP)·: major Y-DNA N O2 C2 About 5,000-6,000 years ago，Trans-Eurasian Language Separation（Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic）： 1，Most of them who remained in the east became Mongolian，Tungusic people 2，O2a+C2+N1a enter the Korean peninsula and Japan The proto-Koreans started to migrate into the southern Korean Peninsula from Manchuria and northern Korea, where they started to replace and assimilate the previous Japonic-speaking rice-agriculturalists, which arrived earlier in the peninsula. 3，About 4000 years ago, the agricultural ancestors of the Turkic peoples probably migrated westwards into Mongolia and Southern Siberia，form Slab-grave culture N1a has been found with greatest frequency among Siberian Turks（The Tuvans，Dolgans，The Yakuts，Yukaghir.....） 4，They expanded west from Mongolia or Manchuria. then formed western empires like the Khazar, Kangar, Kara-Khanid, Seljuq, Timurid, gradually assimilating Western Asian genes(R1az93+J2+G) According to a 2016 study, Yeniseian people and their language originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. （The Yeniseians are closely related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q1） 94% of Kets have Y DNA Q, they are extremely homogenous. Alexander Vovin argues that at least parts of the Xiongnu, possibly its core or ruling class, spoke a Yeniseian language.Positing a higher degree of similarity of Xiongnu to Yeniseian as compared to Turkic the Yeniseian languages are thought to have contributed many ubiquitous loanwords to Turkic and Mongolic vocabulary, such as Khan, Khagan, Tarqan, and the word for "god" and "sky", Tengri. This conclusion has primarily been drawn from the analysis of preserved Xiongnu texts in the form of Chinese characters. It has been further suggested that the Yeniseian-speaking Xiongnu elite underwent a language shift to Turkic while migrating westward or The Turkic people probably replaced Yeniseian-speaker N1C2O2 replaces Q1 (Yenisei speakers) → rapidly expands → absorbs and assimilates Rz93(Andronovo culture and the Tagar culture)+R1b（3000 BC: Initial eastward migration initiating the Afanasievo culture, possibly Proto-Tocharian） J2 originated in West Asia with G. J2 was absorbed by the R1a-Z93 tribes in the Early Bronze Age. As a minor lineage within the R1a-Z93 dominant populations, it would have expanded from the Volga-Ural region to Central and South Asia with the Indo-Aryan invasions： 1，Indo-Iranians of the Andronovo migrate out of their culture and conquer the BMAC region in Central Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization in South Asia around 1800 to 1500 BC. As a result of the mixing of these two peoples, the Iranian and Indo-Aryan cultures are born.（R1a+J2G） 2，The Indo-Aryans establish the Vedic culture around 1500 BC to 500 BC on the Indian subcontinent. The Iranians move westward ca. 1000 BC to 800 BC and conquer many parts of the plateau, establishing Iranian settlements wherever they can. 3，Around 700 BC we see the Iranians integrated on the plateau and two major Iranian peoples (Medes and Persians) begin to establish semi-independent kingdoms close to major West Asian cultures such as Assyria and Elam. Central Asia was largely populated by Indo-Iranian speakers, who actually still live in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia caused a language shift among the Iranian peoples of the area.

[@franciscor.6828]

Congradulations. Gold job. Good map 👏🏻👏🏻

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

Although the Turks often comprised the bulk of the Mongol army as well as the bulk of armies opposed to the Mongols, throughout the domains of the Mongol Empire there was a diffusion of military technology, which has already bee and also ethnic groups. In addition to the Mongols and Turks, other ethnicities served in the Mongol military machine and found themselves distant from home.

[@mint8648]

Jurchens

[@rbasket8]

Your name check outs. Which are the other non mongol or turkic peoples? Turks and Mongols have some common ancestor? As far as I know, Turks come from Altai area, and Mongols from the are between Baikal and Amur? Enlighten me please, I love these topics. Cheers

[@Nomadicenjoyer31]

@@rbasket8 The name Mongol appeared first in the eighth-century Chinese records of the Tang dynasty, but only resurfaced in the eleventh century during the rule of the Khitan. At first, it was applied to some small and insignificant nomadic tribes in the area of the Onon River. In the thirteenth century, however, the name Mongol grew into an umbrella term for a large group of Mongolic and Turkic tribes united under the rule of Genghis Khan. It is not clear what the Mongols called themselves in their own languages. In fact, the specific origin of the Mongolic languages is unclear. Some linguists have proposed a link to languages like Tungusic and Turkic, which are often included alongside Mongolic in a hypothetical language group called “Altaic languages”, but the evidence for this is rather weak. Franks and Saracens Reality and Fantasy in the Crusades By Avner Falk The earliest reference to the Mongols classifies them as a Tang dynasty tribe of Shiwei during the eighth century. It was only after the fall of the Liao dynasty in 1125 that they became an important tribe on the Central Asian steppe, but tribal wars weakened their power over the ensuing century. During the thirteenth century, the term Mongol was used to refer to the Mongolic and Turkic tribes who fell under the control of Genghis Khan. The Mongols are primarily a shamanist society; their central deity is the sky god Tenger. Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues By Steven L. Danver ISBN 9780765682949 1030 Pages Published November 15, 2012 by Routledge, p.225

[@mberik]

​@@Nomadicenjoyer31 thanks

[@kerimakt8295]

Nice video👏

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Dersimite]

Nice

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@llamallama1509]

Wonderful video, though they always make me think about the lost languages that were spoken in these areas before a new language took over, and now leave no evidence at all.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@brettfafata3017]

I never knew that areas deep into Modern day China (Gansu, Qinghai) were once core Mongol territory. Mongol areas have shrunk dramatically.

[@GL-iv4rw]

Hua Mulan was of the Tuoba stock I believe

[@barguttobed]

All those vast Inner Asian regions belonged to Mongolic or Tibetic people

[@kellyma2992]

Not Mongol territory , people living are never mongol, they just conquered there like what they did in east Europe and Central Asia .

[@kellyma2992]

​@@GL-iv4rw There is no records or story that says so , it's a Chinese traditional Yuefu folk songs which are the collections of Chinese folk songs , that's all .Don't give it too much meanings , most of the things(rumors ) about Hua Mulan is mongol type of people is only a present day fake .

[@GL-iv4rw]

@@kellyma2992 well is she not from Northern Wei which is a Xianbei state?

[@destrovskyj]

hi, how do u make these maps? can u make a tutorial? thanks

[@barguttobed]

3:42 Actually Daurs(Dagur) people lived in Transbaikal region(what is now Zabaikalsky Krai and Easternmost parts of Buryatia regions in Russia) so not that southeastern as it showed on the map

[@barguttobed]

That’s why there is another synonyme to Transbaikal territory referred as Dauria(place where Daurs lived)

[@barguttobed]

Here 17th century ethnographic map. At the right in the bottom of image the Daur territory is coloured in Pink. bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Буряад_обог_аймагууд#/media/Файл:Buryatia_17_century_(russian_version).png

[@user-en2rg5xq1e]

Afghanistan has no Mongolic language available since 1980s and those small lines in your video are not available now

[@andrefarfan4372]

Nice video.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@elvenrights2428]

What happened to Rouran, Tuoba, Khitan, Tuyuhun and Kumo Xi language? Why is there pre proto Mongolic regarding that it descends from other known language? Can't it be old Mongolic or so?

[@CostasMelas]

They are also called para-Mongolic languages and gradually disappeared, mainly due to the pressure of Chinese, without linguistic descendants.

[@kenanhasan9784]

👍👍👍

[@barguttobed]

3:41 Sorry if I’m being rude but this classification is silly. First of all, all those « languages » are Mongolian, though they could all be considered as dialects(Like in Mongolia country where Buryat and Oirat are just dialect of Mongolian) Because Mongolian language is not only the Khalkha one. Second thing is that Kalmyk actually belongs to Oirat-Mongolian(Western Mongolian) group.

[@ignotumperignotius630]

this must've been an especially difficult one

[@CostasMelas]

indeed it was one of the most difficult jobs

[@admiralbem7458]

Great video! Greetings from Hungary to our mongol brothers!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@John_Jim]

Lol

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Hungolia

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

No they are not. The Hungarian language belongs to the Uralic language family. Modern Hungarians are however genetically rather distant from their closest linguistic relatives (Mansi and Khanty), and despite the eastern root of the Hungarian language, the Hungarians are today mostly similar to the neighbouring non-Uralic, Indo-European peoples……. Actually Hungarians and Romanians are ones of the most similar populations as genetics. Khanty，Mansi ： 57%N1a2b-P43 ，7.1%N1a1-Tat 21%Q1a3，14%R1a，0.9%R1b Khanty：76.6%N1a （N1a1-Tat N1a2b-P43 - 38,3 %.）， R1b (19,1 %) ， R1a (4,3 %) However，there is one linguistic theory that postulates that the Finno-Ugric languages should be together in a larger family of Uralic-Altaic languages. The Hg N lineages beginning in southern China about 21 kya, and expanding into northern China 12-18 kya, reaching further north to Siberia about 12-14 kya, and followed by a population expansion and westward migration into Central Asia and East/North Europe around 8.0-10.0 kya. Siberia's N formed the Ugric language（N1a2b (P43)，N1a2b1-B478/VL64） Northeast Asia's N formed the trans-Eurasian language（about 9000 years ago）（N1a1-Tat） A small portion up to 6% of the haplogroup N can still be found among the Hungarians

[@sade_monqol]

​@@user-rn6nb2ey7e Ural-Altaic is real

[@valiarsharapov152]

good work, as always. 👍 what do you think about origins of Xiongnu?

[@CostasMelas]

They probably belong to another isolated steppe language group. Possibly their federal state also included pre-Turkic and pre-Mongolic languages

[@valiarsharapov152]

@@CostasMelas thank you☺

[@nenenindonu]

Their successor entities of Yueban & Later Zhao indicate a Turkic origin, Reconstruction of the Turkic Jie language, spoken by the Jie people, a Xiongnu tribal group su-Ø kete-r erkan boklug-gu tukta-ŋ English translation : When/as the army goes out, capture the Boklug (a chief) !

[@hfhgfe]

They were of Oghuric branch

[@born_this_way]

They were Oghuric, a branch of Turkic

[@ibrahimk8271]

of course they are not realated but kurmanci kurdish and mongolian sounds similiar probly because that same harsh h sound.

[@loodi3138]

What's happened at 2:03

[@CostasMelas]

Pannonian Avar invasion

[@loodi3138]

@@CostasMelas 👍

[@user-qc3zg2zu1g]

Finally

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

In the middle of the sixth century the Turkic group bearing the ethnonym Türk crushed the Ruanruan and gained control of the castern steppes for the next few hundred years. The subsequent Türk empires at times also controlled Mongolic and Para-Mongolic peoples, including the Khitan, who copied political and organizational terms from Turkic. During this period, the ancestors of the historical Mongols are likely to have been contained within the entities known by the names Otuz Tatar (Shiwei) and Toquz Tatar (Southern Shiwei), located east and southeast of Lake Baikal. West and north of the lake were the Turkic Üc Qurigan, the linguistic ancestors of the Yakut. In 742 the Türk were defeated by the likewise Turkic confederation of the Uighur, who, in turn, were pushed aside by the Ancient Kirghiz in the 840s. Some Uighur tribes took refuge with the Otuz Tatar, but most of them withdrew to the oases of Eastern Turkestan. The Uighur then never returned to the steppes, even when they were invited by the Khitan, who had overcome the Kirghiz in the 920s. In the twelfth century, part of the Khitan, subseqently known as the Black Khitan (Qara Qitay), migrated westward to Central Asia and became Turkicized. In Mongolia, the immediate linguistic ancestors of the historical Mongols spread Mongolic (Pre-Proto- Mongolic) speech to territories previously held by Turkic speaking populations. The Mongols mainly occupied the basins of the rivers Orkhon and Kerulen, but the closely related Kereit and Naiman tribes expanded further to the west. Both the Kereit and espe- cially the Naiman may have contained unassimilated Turkic elements, as is suggested by the occurrence of Turkic names and titles among them. Janhunen, J. (2011) The Mongolic languages. London: Routledge. p.406

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you for the additional information.

[@born_this_way]

Good to know that Mongolic languages originated in Manchuria, which is close to Tungusic homeland.

[@brettfafata3017]

Altaic hypothesis confirmed

[@born_this_way]

@@brettfafata3017 When?

[@hurmast369d6]

Mongolic and Tungusic are more related than them with Turkic, if they are even related.

[@brauchebenutzername]

altaic hypothesis canceled

[@perenki]

Hey, isn't Tuobas the ancestor of the Tuva Turks?

[@Nastya_07]

No, they almost have no connection, other than the Tuoba might have spoken a Bulgar Turkic language and therefore being distantly related to other Turkic languages.

[@nominkhanaarsalang154]

no sart-kalmyks?

[@Haithem-br9nh]

Can you make a video about turkic languages?

[@CostasMelas]

I have made it

[@Raidon8537]

​​​@@CostasMelas but it's VERY wrong. You should remake.

[@valiarsharapov152]

​@@Raidon8537 what exactly is wrong with it?

[@born_this_way]

​@@valiarsharapov152 The timeline, urheimat etc...

[@aregaydayd]

If I'm not mistaken... then mongols in the 13 century, could even reach the tundra!

[@barbar5822]

Mongolia - the country where our ancestors used to live. Love to our grandfatherland Mongolia from Azerbaijan!🇦🇿🇲🇳

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Azergolia

[@MetsHayk]

No brother, Our turkic ancestors lived in steppes of east kazakhstan, but not mongolia,

[@najibullahghafori3739]

you are turkified iranians, you only speak the language nothing else is mongolian, do a dna test

[@x-lendrow806]

@@MetsHayk Bro Otyken was in Mongolia.

[@nadirhikmetkuleli7335]

@@MetsHayk That's not true. Ancestors of Turks lived in Eastern Kazakhstan, Western and Middle Mongolia, Altay mountains and surrounding areas. Mongolia was a Turkic land. Turks left for the west and Mongols replaced them.

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

the khitans mustve later adopted a mongolic language and became daur/dagur

[@kasperanmapper6148]

It’s really cool how a few steppe tribes could conquer such a massive empire!

[@denn2343]

you are talking about nomads. Nomads had about 20 times more heavily armed cavalry than settled states at the same cost. Mongols had more heavy cavalry than ... all Europe.

[@arta.xshaca]

​@@denn2343 How tf did they carry such weight? They must have had good strong muscles

[@mrtrollnator123]

​@@arta.xshacareason: the steppe

[@hfhgfe]

Are you saying the Xianbei were Mongolic people? I thought they were tungusic

[@hurmast369d6]

you need your info updated, all historical records of xianbei vocabs (in Chinese and Tibetan transliteration)point to its mongolic origin.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

They were Para-Mongolic

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@hurmast369d6 points to PARA-Mongolic origin

[@barguttobed]

@@papazataklaattiranimam*Proto-Mongolic* not Para

[@user-ht1vg5we2p]

I have a question from this video: who were the people that started moving west around the fifth century AD and reached Europe and Pannonia in the seventh? What did others (for example the Eastern Romans) name them, did they establish any sort of kingdom, and did they take part in any known war or other event?

[@CostasMelas]

Rouran peoples, known in Europe as Avars, although there are doubts that they are identical

[@user-ht1vg5we2p]

@@CostasMelas I think that the Avars were Turkic, but I am not sure.

[@mrtrollnator123]

​@@user-ht1vg5we2pcouldve been both

[@user-ht1vg5we2p]

@@mrtrollnator123 how

[@mrtrollnator123]

@@user-ht1vg5we2p probably a confederation of turks and rourans

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

This is the story that the seventh-century Byzantine author Theophylactus Simocatta tells about the origin of the Avars.27 He calls them Pseudo-Avars, who in reality were a band of Ogurs called Varchonites.

[@yetkinbilgen3430]

Mongols : kicks Turks out of their homeland and resettle it Turks : kicks litterly Half of Eurasia out of their homeland and resettle it Moral of the Story Don't kick Turks out from somewhere

[@stevenleslie8557]

So, when the Mongols invaded the West, they were speaking a proto-Mongolian language?

[@kungszigfrids1482]

I just visited the burjat language wiki and by the gods, english is corrupting everything. Historical burjat latin inspired alphabet is a good latin inspired alphabet, but modern burjat latin alphabet claims to be latin inpired when its actually english inspired. It pains me! If any burjats are reading this and chose to write your language in the latin script please write it in your historic alphabet not what the 'modern' one.

[@algeria-palestine187]

I want two videos "history of Chadic Languages" and "history of Omotic Languages".

[@arta.xshaca]

Omotic boring

[@giorgospapoutsakis5271]

​@@arta.xshaca Your comment is boring

[@lekevire]

@@giorgospapoutsakis5271 Your reply is boring

[@moritamikamikara3879]

So, guessing that Donghu was the language of the Xiong nu

[@Nastya_07]

Donghu people lived east of the Xiongnu

[@Crxyzen1]

We don't know anything about the language of Xiongnu, only a few words have been attested like Chengli (Tengri), Gutu (Kut, means fortune or chance in Turkic) ,Chanyu (leader of xiongnu) and Tuqi (prince or wise)

[@czar6203]

Turanian language next pls.

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

Mongolian language in Golden Horde disappeared in beginning of the 14th century.

[@barguttobed]

False

[@thedeemguygaming6454]

Can you so the altaic languge family next? Its a suggestion, and dispite not all believing in the altaic language family, I'd still like to think that it is still a plausible thing, if not then well, just keep making amazing videos at a your pace mate

[@Genso326]

There is one big mistake assuming that proto-Mongolic all of sudden replaced Khitan, Rouran, Xianbei. No, all the aforementioned languages are ancestral languages of modern Mongolian languages. Otherwise, how come that for instance Xianbei all of sudden disappeared and Mongolian right away replaced it on such a huge territory? The same with other languages, there is no way they disappeared so quickly and Mongolian replaced them if there was no relation between them.

[@CostasMelas]

These languages faded away and Proto-Mongolian gradually spread into their former area

[@Genso326]

@@CostasMelas but, these languages were incorporated into the modern language. how to distinguish here what is proto and what is para? At this point we know that the modern people trace their ancestry from people of that period, the culture has the same traces and the language has the same traces. Why do we insist that it’s a Para language?

[@hurmast369d6]

for one, para and proto don't share the exact same numericals, and there ought to be other differences waiting to be excavated.

[@Genso326]

​@@hurmast369d6 You're mistaken. When comparing the numerical systems of the so-called para and proto Mongolian languages, it becomes evident that they share a common origin. The similarities are so significant that Khitan for instance, could be considered if not a dialect of modern Mongolian but a language within the same language family for sure. However, for various reasons, some individuals insist on the differences and classifying it as a separate language family, disregarding the undeniable similarities and spreading misinformation. Here is the article where you can see the clear similarity between Khitan and modern Mongolian en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_language

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@Genso326 even your source Wikipedia is saying Khitan is PARA-Mongolic language not Mongolic

[@unodos.4557]

“Mongolian” isn’t the language, the modern day mongolians like 9 out of 10 speak the khalkha dialect while most in inner mongolia speak the chahar dialect which is another dialect like the buryat and oirat. Also kalmyk and oirat are the same dialects

[@dragonrykr]

Santa Claus?!

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

There were 4 nations which have managed to defeat the 1200's Mongols in war ; Javanese (Majapahit), Turks (Khalji & Bahri Mamluks), Japanese, Vietnamese (Dai Viet). Mongols of the first half of the 13th century however were unstoppable Major nations destroyed by the Mongols ; -Jin(Tungusic) -Khwarezmids(Turkic) -Souther Song(Sinitic) -Kara Khitais(Khitanic) -Cumania(Turkic) -Kievan Rus(Germanic and Slavic) -Seljuk Rum(Turkic) -Abbasids(Arabic) -Western Xia(Qiangic) -Volga Bulgaria(Turkic)

[@Lp-army1]

Replace Japanese with typhoon

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

what about Serbi-Mongolic languages

[@kaastermdk]

what

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@kaastermdk google it

[@destrovskyj]

loool i didnt knew about the existence of this theory

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@destrovskyj seems to be a relatively new theory in recent years

[@SKITNICA95]

probably proto turx and proto mongols have separated itself many millenias ago.

[@nadirhikmetkuleli7335]

Turks and Mongols have never been of the same stock in the first place. Linguistic differences show that very clearly. However, they lived as neighbors, interacted immensely and formed unions time to time. However, they were rivals most of the time. Throughout the history many Turk tribes got assimilated into Mongols and many Mongol tribes got assimilated into Turks.

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

Most modern Siberian speakers of Neosiberian languages genetically fall on an East- West cline between Europeans and Early East Asians. Taking Even speakers as representatives, the Neosiberian turnover from the south, which largely replaced Ancient Paleosiberian ancestry, can be associated with the northward spread of Tungusic and probably also Turkic and Mongolic. However, the expansions of Tungusic as well as Turkic and Mongolic are too recent to be associable with the earliest waves of Neosiberian ancestry, dated later than ~11 kya, but discernible in the Baikal region from at least 6 kya onwards. Therefore, this phase of the Neosiberian population turnover must initially have transmitted other languages or language families into Siberia, including possibly Uralic and Yukaghir. First East Asian-related wave=Paleo-Siberians and Ancestral Native Americans (Yeniseian and others).（Q1） Second East Asian-related wave=Neo-Siberians (Uralic and Yukaghir).（N1a） Genetically, Yukaghirs exhibit roughly equal frequencies of the Y-DNA haplogroups N1a, Q1, and C2 (formerly C3） Third East Asian-related wave=Ancient Northeast Asians (Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic).（N1a，C2，O2a） The Scythians are regarded as predominantly Iranian-speaking nomads (derived from Bronze Age Indo-Iranians). Broadly there are Western and Eastern Scythians. Western Scythians are the proper Scythians known in antiquity. Eastern Scythians, or Altai Scythians (Saka people) are more diverse Genetic data clearly demonstrated that the Eastern Scythians, the Saka people, had a high genetic heterogeneity, and displayed Northeast Asian and Neo-Siberian admixture (associated with Turkic but also Uralic/Samoyedic peoples). Certain Scythian groups, such as the Pazyryk or Arzhan were dominantly East-Eurasian. It is likely that these already spoke variants of Turkic languages. They obviously were not the typical Iranian peoples either. The Central Saka had nearly ~50% Northeast Asian-derived Baikal EBA admixture, which is associated with the spread of Turkic languages. This explains certain “unusual features” among later Turkic (Medieval Turk) peoples, explained by the turkification of these groups, also evident in the makeup of the wider Xiongnu Empire, which had a Northeast Asian (Slab Grave) rich ruling class (Turkic), and Chandman-like (Uyuk) lower class retainers. The Medieval Turks were found to have had on average around 62,2% Northeast Asian ancestry, 27,1% Sintashta ancestry, and 10,7% BMAC ancestry. First they assimilated Indo-Iranian speakers (R1aJ2/Sarmatians, Saka, Sogdians...) Then,they entered Anatolia and assimilated Indo-European speakers (JGETR1b/Greeks, Armenians, Kurds...)

[@tanhukim9963]

You stupid? Turkic dna=C3c1 dna. Uralic dna=N1a dna. Turks are not uralic. J2 dna= anatolian neolithic ( hatti) and hurro urartu. G2= Kafkasoid= Circassian-Abkhazia and Georgian. R1b=Vasconic and Tiren people

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

Territory of Kalmyk Khanate was was up to the Emba river before 1771. After 1771 Kalmyk territory became modern. And Kalmyks were deported in 1943-1955

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

Proto-Turkic and Mongols genetically are the same origin , and so are the same for the Koreans, Manchus..... Their ancestry was essentially derived from the Ancient Northeast Asians（Slab Grave culture/1300-300 BC） Proto Turkic peoples may have originally been N1a, inhabiting modern Manchuria, but then Integrated into the Xiongnu（mostly Q1） The Hg N lineages beginning in southern China about 21 kya, and expanding into northern China（Mongolia and Manchuria）12-18 kya According to the results published by Nature (journal), Turkic, Mongolic, Koreanic, Japonic and Tungusic languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, where they split from a common ancestor around the Liaodong Gulf, near Korea, 9000 years ago. The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明) Xiaohexi culture 小河西文化 (9,000-8,500 BP) Xinglongwa culture 興隆窪文化 (8,200-7,400 BP): major Y-DNA N Zhaobaogou culture 趙宝溝文化 (7,500-6,500 BP): major Y-DNA N Hongshan culture 紅山文化 (6,500-5,000 BP)·: major Y-DNA N O2 C2 About 5,000-6,000 years ago，Trans-Eurasian Language Separation（Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic）： 1，Most of them who remained in the east became Mongolian，Tungusic people 2，O2a+C2+N1a enter the Korean peninsula and Japan The proto-Koreans started to migrate into the southern Korean Peninsula from Manchuria and northern Korea, where they started to replace and assimilate the previous Japonic-speaking rice-agriculturalists, which arrived earlier in the peninsula. 3，About 4000 years ago, the agricultural ancestors of the Turkic peoples probably migrated westwards into Mongolia and Southern Siberia，form Slab-grave culture N1a has been found with greatest frequency among Siberian Turks（The Tuvans，Dolgans，The Yakuts，Yukaghir.....） 4，They expanded west from Mongolia or Manchuria. then formed western empires like the Khazar, Kangar, Kara-Khanid, Seljuq, Timurid, gradually assimilating Western Asian genes(R1az93+J2+G) According to a 2016 study, Yeniseian people and their language originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. （The Yeniseians are closely related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q1） 94% of Kets have Y DNA Q, they are extremely homogenous. Alexander Vovin argues that at least parts of the Xiongnu, possibly its core or ruling class, spoke a Yeniseian language.Positing a higher degree of similarity of Xiongnu to Yeniseian as compared to Turkic the Yeniseian languages are thought to have contributed many ubiquitous loanwords to Turkic and Mongolic vocabulary, such as Khan, Khagan, Tarqan, and the word for "god" and "sky", Tengri. This conclusion has primarily been drawn from the analysis of preserved Xiongnu texts in the form of Chinese characters. It has been further suggested that the Yeniseian-speaking Xiongnu elite underwent a language shift to Turkic while migrating westward or The Turkic people probably replaced Yeniseian-speaker NCO replaces Q1 (Yenisei speakers) → rapidly expands → absorbs and assimilates Rz93(Andronovo culture and the Tagar culture)+R1b（3000 BC: Initial eastward migration initiating the Afanasievo culture, possibly Proto-Tocharian） J2 originated in West Asia with G. J2 was absorbed by the R1a-Z93 tribes in the Early Bronze Age. As a minor lineage within the R1a-Z93 dominant populations, it would have expanded from the Volga-Ural region to Central and South Asia with the Indo-Aryan invasions： 1，Indo-Iranians of the Andronovo migrate out of their culture and conquer the BMAC region in Central Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization in South Asia around 1800 to 1500 BC. As a result of the mixing of these two peoples, the Iranian and Indo-Aryan cultures are born.（R1a+J2G） 2，The Indo-Aryans establish the Vedic culture around 1500 BC to 500 BC on the Indian subcontinent. The Iranians move westward ca. 1000 BC to 800 BC and conquer many parts of the plateau, establishing Iranian settlements wherever they can. 3，Around 700 BC we see the Iranians integrated on the plateau and two major Iranian peoples (Medes and Persians) begin to establish semi-independent kingdoms close to major West Asian cultures such as Assyria and Elam. Central Asia was largely populated by Indo-Iranian speakers, who actually still live in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia caused a language shift among the Iranian peoples of the area.

[@mybodyisamachine]

Not true, all of this evidence has been debunked

[@tanhukim9963]

I don't think Proto-Turks have N1a DNA. I think it's mostly C3, O2b DNA. Might as well be O3e.

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

@@tanhukim9963 That's just Korean government propaganda Have you seen anyone mention O2b when they talking about Turks, Mongols ? Proto-Turks were divided into two branches: Central Asian Turks and Siberian Turks Today's people of Central Asia are a mix of Indo-Aryan and Turkic peoples Indo-Aryan（R1az93+J2b）were the original inhabitants of Central Asia from the proto Indo Europeans peoples that came out of the Ukraine area. As a result of Turkic peoples expansion, Turks who were a primarily East Asian peoples moved out of the Eastern Kazakhstan/Western Mongolian and into Central Asia These Turkic peoples began to assimilate with the Iranic locals of Central Asia. Thats why today Central Asian have this caucasian/oriental phenotype. However，today the Siberian Turks did not meet the natives Or the Proto-Turkic people are actually Siberian natives, so they carry a large number of haplogroup N1a1-tat Basically Korean and Japanese Y-Haplogroup O2b (or O1b2) is a sister clade of Austra-Asiatic Y-Haplogroup O1b1. They have nothing to do with Turks and Mongols

[@tanhukim9963]

@@user-rn6nb2ey7e I don't think proto turks will be N1a. N1a is ural DNA. I think C3 DNA is Turkish-Mongol-Tunguz DNA.

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

@@tanhukim9963 N1a1（turkic），N1a2b（ural）

[@nenenindonu]

The Buyla inscription which is the only attested epigraph in the native language of the Pannonian Avars was identified as Oghuric, revealing their Turkic origins.

[@nenenindonu]

Further evidence is provided by a Khazar ruler who lists Pannonian Avars among exclusively Turkic tribes. Letter of Khazar Khagan Joseph ben Aaron : "You ask us also in your epistle: "Of what people, of what family, and of what tribe are you?" Know that we are descended from Japhet, through his son Togarmah. I have found in the genealogical books of my ancestors that Togarmah had ten sons." Agyor (Orkhon Uyghurs) Tiros (Göktürks) Ouvar (Avars) Ugin / Uguz (Oghuz Turks) Bisal (Pechenegs) Tarna (Tarniach) Khazar (Khazars) Zanor (Janur) Balnod (Bulgars) Savir (Sabirs)

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

This is the story that the seventh-century Byzantine author Theophylactus Simocatta tells about the origin of the Avars.27 He calls them Pseudo-Avars, who in reality were a band of Ogurs called Varchonites.

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

you are right ，they are turkic origins→N1a，C2，Q1 A genetic study published in Scientific Reports in November 2019 examined the remains of fourteen Avar males. Eleven of them were dated to the early Avar period, and three were dated to the middle and late Avar period. The eleven early Avar males were found to be carrying the paternal haplogroups N1a1a1a1a3 (four samples), N1a1a (two samples), R1a1a1b2a (two samples), C2, G2a, and I1.The three males dated to the middle and late Avar period carried the paternal haplogroups C2, N1a1a1a1a3 and E1b1b1a1b1aIn short, mostly carried "east Eurasian Y haplogroups typical for modern north-eastern Siberian and Buryat populations". The Avars studied were all determined to have had dark eyes and dark hair, and the majority of them were found to be primarily of East Asian origin. A genetic study published in Scientific Reports in January 2020 examined the remains of 26 individuals buried at various elite Avar cemeteries in the Pannonian Basin dated to the 7th century.The mtDNA of these Avars belonged mostly to East Asian haplogroups, while the Y-DNA was exclusively of East Asian origin and "strikingly homogenous", belonging to haplogroups N-M231 and Q-M242.The evidence suggests that the Avar elite were largely patrilineal and endogamous for a period of around one century, and entered the Pannonian Basin through migrations from East Asia involving both men and women.Another 2020 study, but of Xiongnu remains in East Asia, found that the Xiongnu shared certain paternal (N1a, Q1a, R1a-Z94 and R1a-Z2124) and maternal haplotypes with the Hun and Avars, and suggested on this basis that they were descended from Xiongnu, who they in turn suggested were descended from Scytho-Siberians. A genetic study published in scientific journal Cell in April 2022 analyzed 48 Pannonian Avar samples from early & middle & late period, and found them to be of nearly exclusively northeast Asian origin (with predominant paternal lineage N1a1a1a1a3a-F4205, with some Q1a, Q1b, R1a, R1b and E1b subclades), with strong affinity to modern peoples inhabiting the region from the Altai Mountains to the Amur, including a historical Rouran Khaganate sample and those from Xiongnu-Xianbei periods in eastern Asian steppe. The Avar individuals showed their highest genetic affinity with present-day Mongolic and Tungusic peoples, as well as Nivkhs. A genetic study published in scientific journal Current Biology in May 2022 examined 143 Avar samples from various periods, including elite and commoners. It confirmed their Northeast Asian paternal and maternal origin, with N1a-F4205 being their predominant and characteristic paternal lineage, alongside incorporated Q1a2a1 and R1a-Z94 Hunnic-Iranian remnants, and rest belonging to local populations of E-V13 etc. haplogroups prevalent in Southeastern Europe. Autosomally, the Avars "preserved very ancient Mongolian pre-Bronze Age genomes, with ca 90% [Ancient North-East Asian] ancestry", shared deep ancestry with European Huns, but although since Early Avar period started mixing with local and immigrant Hunnic-Iranian related populations, "people with different genetic ancestries were seemingly distinguished, as samples with Hun-related genomes were buried in separate cemeteries".

[@MisticMan-yk7gn]

Ондин Монголчуд Уралан !

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

so whose culture is the hongshan culture

[@user-xw8et4lr2j]

Kumo Xi did not disappear that early. The record of Xi people existed during Jurchen Jin Dynasty

[@tyeransom5290]

Imagine if the Mongolic communities in Europe prevailed and started a Mongolic European empire.

[@Qiyunwu]

Basically Modern Russia

[@Qiyunwu]

Sorry, I am being facetious

[@tyeransom5290]

@@Qiyunwu Russians aren’t all that barbaric, I have been through Serbia.

[@Qiyunwu]

@@tyeransom5290 I'm sorry to hear that

[@redacted7060]

Kalmykia

[@SupremeLordEnki]

I still believe that turkic and mongol are somehow related to each other just as finno ugric or proto uralic is with proto indo european.. same as indo aryan is and for this one we are able to connect it but not yet for the uralic which has connections to indo.

[@gtc239]

Well, i disagree with you because resemblances between the two branches can just be explained through intensive contact, borrowings and Sprachbund, as Uralic borrowed words from Indo-European languages and Mongolic borrowed lots from Turkish.

[@SupremeLordEnki]

@@gtc239 but yet many are trying to confirm a new branch called indo-uralic, you can read about it, uralic languages of today matches the same as proto info European was, so in a way its basically surviving tribes who manages to live to present day without evolving their language that much for the last thousand years.. You could call uralic as a creolo based with info European and local native languages because of so much similarities. Read about it

[@nadirhikmetkuleli7335]

@@SupremeLordEnki Turks and Mongols have never been of the same stock in the first place. Linguistic differences show that very clearly. They shared the same steppe culture, belief of Tengrism. they lived as neighbors, interacted immensely and formed unions time to time. However, they were rivals most of the time. Throughout the history many Turk tribes got assimilated into Mongols and many Mongol tribes got assimilated into Turks. However, they do not have common roots.

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

@@SupremeLordEnki Proto-Turkic and Mongols genetically are the same origin , and so are the same for the Koreans, Manchus..... Their ancestry was essentially derived from the Ancient Northeast Asians（Slab Grave culture/1300-300 BC） Proto Turkic peoples may have originally been N1a, inhabiting modern Manchuria, but then Integrated into the Xiongnu（mostly Q1） The Hg N lineages beginning in southern China about 21 kya, and expanding into northern China（Mongolia and Manchuria）12-18 kya According to the results published by Nature (journal), Turkic, Mongolic, Koreanic, Japonic and Tungusic languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, where they split from a common ancestor around the Liaodong Gulf, near Korea, 9000 years ago. The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明) Xiaohexi culture 小河西文化 (9,000-8,500 BP) Xinglongwa culture 興隆窪文化 (8,200-7,400 BP): major Y-DNA N Zhaobaogou culture 趙宝溝文化 (7,500-6,500 BP): major Y-DNA N Hongshan culture 紅山文化 (6,500-5,000 BP)·: major Y-DNA N O2 C2 About 5,000-6,000 years ago，Trans-Eurasian Language Separation（Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic）： 1，Most of them who remained in the east became Mongolian，Tungusic people 2，O2a+C2+N1a enter the Korean peninsula and Japan The proto-Koreans started to migrate into the southern Korean Peninsula from Manchuria and northern Korea, where they started to replace and assimilate the previous Japonic-speaking rice-agriculturalists, which arrived earlier in the peninsula. 3，About 4000 years ago, the agricultural ancestors of the Turkic peoples probably migrated westwards into Mongolia and Southern Siberia，form Slab-grave culture N1a has been found with greatest frequency among Siberian Turks（The Tuvans，Dolgans，The Yakuts，Yukaghir.....） 4，They expanded west from Mongolia or Manchuria. then formed western empires like the Khazar, Kangar, Kara-Khanid, Seljuq, Timurid, gradually assimilating Western Asian genes(R1az93+J2+G) According to a 2016 study, Yeniseian people and their language originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. （The Yeniseians are closely related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q1） 94% of Kets have Y DNA Q, they are extremely homogenous. Alexander Vovin argues that at least parts of the Xiongnu, possibly its core or ruling class, spoke a Yeniseian language.Positing a higher degree of similarity of Xiongnu to Yeniseian as compared to Turkic the Yeniseian languages are thought to have contributed many ubiquitous loanwords to Turkic and Mongolic vocabulary, such as Khan, Khagan, Tarqan, and the word for "god" and "sky", Tengri. This conclusion has primarily been drawn from the analysis of preserved Xiongnu texts in the form of Chinese characters. It has been further suggested that the Yeniseian-speaking Xiongnu elite underwent a language shift to Turkic while migrating westward or The Turkic people probably replaced Yeniseian-speaker NCO replaces Q1 (Yenisei speakers) → rapidly expands → absorbs and assimilates Rz93(Andronovo culture and the Tagar culture)+R1b（3000 BC: Initial eastward migration initiating the Afanasievo culture, possibly Proto-Tocharian） J2 originated in West Asia with G. J2 was absorbed by the R1a-Z93 tribes in the Early Bronze Age. As a minor lineage within the R1a-Z93 dominant populations, it would have expanded from the Volga-Ural region to Central and South Asia with the Indo-Aryan invasions： 1，Indo-Iranians of the Andronovo migrate out of their culture and conquer the BMAC region in Central Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization in South Asia around 1800 to 1500 BC. As a result of the mixing of these two peoples, the Iranian and Indo-Aryan cultures are born.（R1a+J2G） 2，The Indo-Aryans establish the Vedic culture around 1500 BC to 500 BC on the Indian subcontinent. The Iranians move westward ca. 1000 BC to 800 BC and conquer many parts of the plateau, establishing Iranian settlements wherever they can. 3，Around 700 BC we see the Iranians integrated on the plateau and two major Iranian peoples (Medes and Persians) begin to establish semi-independent kingdoms close to major West Asian cultures such as Assyria and Elam. Central Asia was largely populated by Indo-Iranian speakers, who actually still live in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia caused a language shift among the Iranian peoples of the area.

[@daniel_bbw2000]

Korea in Mongol empire Speak Korean 🇰🇷🇰🇵

[@born_this_way]

Fun fact: Proto Mongolic had lots of Turkic loanwords, especially in animal names.

[@destrovskyj]

proto mongolic and proto turkic were in a sprachbund that's why

[@born_this_way]

​@@destrovskyj Ikr

[@Rebelboy1984]

Moghols, Aimaqs and Hazaras are mongolic

[@hamzaalmdghri8741]

Mongol khamag

[@hurmast369d6]

mogol is very likely to have become extinct by now

[@barguttobed]

There were still 200 speaker left in 20 century..

[@Tokyo2905]

Mongols from Manchuria not Altai Turks from Azov not Altai, Altai Mountains are homeland to the Argippaean people, do not believe the hypotheses and suggestions.

[@born_this_way]

We are not whitey and from Azov, we are from Mongolia but expanded to almost everywhere

[@Tokyo2905]

@@born_this_way The Turcae or Tyrcae tribe, an old Latin name meaning (the Turks) mentioned by Herodotus, Pliny, Ptolemy, Theophanes, and Pomponius Mela's. The Turcae tribe lived near Azov 450 BC. This means that the Turks were in Azov before they migrated to the lands of the Xiongnu. Chinese sources mention that the Turks came from the west from the lands of the Suo people. Chinese records identify peoples Dingling (Tiele) and Gekun (Kyrgyz) The ancient who spoke the Turkish language Source: The Peoples of the steppe frontier in early Chinese sources / p. 35 Edwin G. Pulleyblank. Both peoples lived in the Yenisei region and are the oldest Turkic speakers. The two peoples have R-Z95, R-M173 and R-Z2125. Both peoples are from the Yenesei and Ob regions, not from Mongolia, and the Xiongnu or Chanyu are Sarmatian dynasties that Claudius Ptolemy considered Sarmatians, and Turk Bodun from Azov. The inhabitants of Mongolia are the Arimaspi Scythians, while the inhabitants of Altai are the Argippae Scythians. The Turks were not the inhabitants of these regions, the Turks from Azov. Turk BodunY-DNA R-Z2123 from Azov region not Mongolia. You are mistaken in considering the Turks of the yellow race, A person who has studied history well would not say this. Latin, Chinese and Islamic sources record that the ancient Turks had white skin, blue eyes, red hair, prominent noses, bushy beard and deep eyes, and this tribe constituted the majority of the ancient Turks: Tiele, Kyrgyz, Sir, Cuman, Kipchaks, Mishars, Bulgars, Shatuo, Jie, Hu, Xiongnu, Karluks, Uyghurs and Khazars. All of these tribes have West Eurasian DNA : R1a, R1b and J2 Only the Oghuz were described as having Asian features and having East Eurasian DNA Q1a The proposed family of Altai languages ​​was not approved and because of it, Altai was assumed as the home of the Turks, and history says the opposite if the Turks did not reach Altai until late.

[@user-rn6nb2ey7e]

​@@Tokyo2905 Indo-European speakers→Rz93，z94，z95..... Neolithic Iranian farmers and Neolithic Anatolian farmers once the same group-Indo-Iranian（J2R1aR1b） Proto-Turkic and Mongols genetically are the same origin , and so are the same for the Koreans, Manchus..... Their ancestry was essentially derived from the Ancient Northeast Asians（Slab Grave culture/1300-300 BC） Proto Turkic peoples may have originally been N1a, inhabiting modern Manchuria, but then Integrated into the Xiongnu（mostly Q1） The Hg N lineages beginning in southern China about 21 kya, and expanding into northern China（Mongolia and Manchuria）12-18 kya According to the results published by Nature (journal), Turkic, Mongolic, Koreanic, Japonic and Tungusic languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, where they split from a common ancestor around the Liaodong Gulf, near Korea, 9000 years ago. The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明) Xiaohexi culture 小河西文化 (9,000-8,500 BP) Xinglongwa culture 興隆窪文化 (8,200-7,400 BP): major Y-DNA N Zhaobaogou culture 趙宝溝文化 (7,500-6,500 BP): major Y-DNA N Hongshan culture 紅山文化 (6,500-5,000 BP)·: major Y-DNA N O2 C2 About 5,000-6,000 years ago，Trans-Eurasian Language Separation（Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic）： 1，Most of them who remained in the east became Mongolian，Tungusic people 2，O2a+C2+N1a enter the Korean peninsula and Japan The proto-Koreans started to migrate into the southern Korean Peninsula from Manchuria and northern Korea, where they started to replace and assimilate the previous Japonic-speaking rice-agriculturalists, which arrived earlier in the peninsula. 3，About 4000 years ago, the agricultural ancestors of the Turkic peoples probably migrated westwards into Mongolia and Southern Siberia，form Slab-grave culture N1a has been found with greatest frequency among Siberian Turks（The Tuvans，Dolgans，The Yakuts，Yukaghir.....） 4，They expanded west from Mongolia or Manchuria. then formed western empires like the Khazar, Kangar, Kara-Khanid, Seljuq, Timurid, gradually assimilating Western Asian genes(R1az93+J2+G) According to a 2016 study, Yeniseian people and their language originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. （The Yeniseians are closely related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q1） 94% of Kets have Y DNA Q, they are extremely homogenous. Alexander Vovin argues that at least parts of the Xiongnu, possibly its core or ruling class, spoke a Yeniseian language.Positing a higher degree of similarity of Xiongnu to Yeniseian as compared to Turkic the Yeniseian languages are thought to have contributed many ubiquitous loanwords to Turkic and Mongolic vocabulary, such as Khan, Khagan, Tarqan, and the word for "god" and "sky", Tengri. This conclusion has primarily been drawn from the analysis of preserved Xiongnu texts in the form of Chinese characters. It has been further suggested that the Yeniseian-speaking Xiongnu elite underwent a language shift to Turkic while migrating westward or The Turkic people probably replaced Yeniseian-speaker N1C2O2 replaces Q1 (Yenisei speakers) → rapidly expands → absorbs and assimilates Rz93(Andronovo culture and the Tagar culture)+R1b（3000 BC: Initial eastward migration initiating the Afanasievo culture, possibly Proto-Tocharian） J2 originated in West Asia with G. J2 was absorbed by the R1a-Z93 tribes in the Early Bronze Age. As a minor lineage within the R1a-Z93 dominant populations, it would have expanded from the Volga-Ural region to Central and South Asia with the Indo-Aryan invasions： 1，Indo-Iranians of the Andronovo migrate out of their culture and conquer the BMAC region in Central Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization in South Asia around 1800 to 1500 BC. As a result of the mixing of these two peoples, the Iranian and Indo-Aryan cultures are born.（R1a+J2G） 2，The Indo-Aryans establish the Vedic culture around 1500 BC to 500 BC on the Indian subcontinent. The Iranians move westward ca. 1000 BC to 800 BC and conquer many parts of the plateau, establishing Iranian settlements wherever they can. 3，Around 700 BC we see the Iranians integrated on the plateau and two major Iranian peoples (Medes and Persians) begin to establish semi-independent kingdoms close to major West Asian cultures such as Assyria and Elam. Central Asia was largely populated by Indo-Iranian speakers, who actually still live in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia caused a language shift among the Iranian peoples of the area.

[@denn2343]

That part of the horde that attacked Europe and Rus' was not Mongol-speaking and Mongol language was not official in this territory. These were Turkic-speaking peoples under Mongolian elite control

[@aboba5995]

Тюрки такие слабые что подчиняются монгольскому меньшинству xd

[@ignotumperignotius630]

it's about the mongol language not turkic peoples. maybe the two overlap, but it's irrelevant.

[@GoraGora-uh9ll]

This very false.

[@Mikhayl_S_V]

Russia: Buryats are superfluous here.

[@Gayriz]

Nice

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you