History of the Nilo-Saharan Languages

History of the Nilo-Saharan Languages, Proto-NiloSaharan, Komuz, Proto-Sudanic, Kuliak, Central Sudanic, Northern Sudanic, Berta,Kunama,Proto-SaharoSahelian, Kadu, Maban, Fur, Kadu, Songhai, Saharan, Taman, Nara, Nubian, Meroitic, Surmic, Nilotic, Nyimang, Daju, Eastern Jebel, Temein
Music:
Somnia I - Reed Mathis
Heavy Heart - Kevin MacLeod
Ether Real - Density & Time
"Heavy Heart" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...

[@CraftDayFriends]

yet another language family done. can't wait for the History of the World Languages in a couple of years

[@moorishsociety7339]

The owner of this channel is a racist. He is trying to disclude ancient Egyptian from the Niolothic cultural continuum. According to him, This artificial aswan dam is a barrier between Egyptians and Nioltes. Lmao

[@itsjohnnyfox]

@@moorishsociety7339 this is NOT racism, dude. The racism is the discrimination of the race/s and excluding Afro-Asiatic ancient Egyptians from Nilotes is NOT discrimination of the race

[@moorishsociety7339]

@@itsjohnnyfox Yes it's a pure racism emerged from that racist 19th century Euro-centrist scholarship (which used to have a stronghold in the Western scientific curriculum)

[@danilapolesciuk4316]

@@moorishsociety7339 lol I wanna get the drugs your smoking

[@ASMM1981EGY]

@@moorishsociety7339 Don't speak for myself instead of me. My mother tongue the Egyptian Language is a Hamitic North African language which is totally different from Nilotic languages

[@idkman858]

The first African language vid on this channel, if I’m not mistaken 👍

[@CostasMelas]

Yes :)

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

hmm couldve sworn there mustve been a video before about afro-asiatic languages. hmm mustve been another channel

[@idkman858]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx I mean he did make a vid on the Semitic languages

[@moorishsociety7339]

All languages came from Africa.

[@idkman858]

@@moorishsociety7339 fair point

[@viiizzaalishvili9967]

Congrats to central sudanic for surviving 7021 years

[@CostasMelas]

It is a branch. It has been splitted into more 60 languages during the last millennia

[@haulawcoast]

It is 9021, actually)

[@thearcanamodernau8130]

It has also probably changed so much in the course of the millenia that it's nothing like it was back then, more or less like a native english speaker wouldn't understand proto germanic

[@avantelvsitania3359]

This is amazing! I had no idea the Nilo-Saharan languages were so old, especially Gumuz, Berta or Kunama. Truly relics of Mankind. Thank you, this is the content we need. Carry on!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@satanshameer690]

Everything in Africa is pretty old

[@p00bix]

It should be noted that the Nilo-Saharan theory is not very well supported. It originated in an attempt to classify all of the non-Afro-Asiatic and Niger-Congo languages of Northern Africa into a single supergroup, back when our understanding of African languages as a whole was very poor and linguists like Joseph Greenberg were working to lay the bedrock of African Comparative Linguistics. But while more and more evidence for the validity of Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic have emerged over the decades since their original proposal, Nilo-Saharan has if anything become *less* and less likely the more we learn about those languages. Similarities between its supposed subfamilies probably have more to do with language contact over millennia rather than a genuine common origin, and while most of the subfamilies within Nilo-Saharan are definitely their own language families (ex. Nilotic), they probably don't all belong to a single super-family. Costas Melas is presenting the theory as it is best understood by the linguists who continue to believe it, but the Nilo-Saharan theory itself is controversial bordering on fringe.

[@mahamatmahamatabdoulaye893]

@@p00bix you are absolutely right. I am Chadian and my mother tongue is Dazaga, a Saharan language and there are not many similarities between my language and the other so-called Nilo-Saharan languages

[@soa9174]

@@mahamatmahamatabdoulaye893 dazaga and tedaga have similarities with Kanuri languages, beri( zaghawa language) and songhay languages, who many linguists perceive like a detached group of Saharan languages.

[@Alsayid]

I didn't know Nubian diminished so recently. Basically, the Arabic speaking area of Sudan was Nubian speaking a few hundred years ago.

[@user-wb6zk3oh7g]

Nubians in Sudan still speak nubian till this day, north of Sudan

[@fyanle1382]

Thank you for this video, its sad to see our languages dying due to globalization, first from the spread of Islam and now with usage of lingua francas like English 😭😔

[@monkeypie8701]

and bantu

[@monkeypie8701]

By the time English takes over it will have split into different languages itself

[@user-xr2jt7ss4o]

Islam is not a problem

[@user-xh7wg6yn5o]

@@user-xr2jt7ss4o hahah it actually is

[@user-xr2jt7ss4o]

@@user-xh7wg6yn5o For you sickly mind

[@imienazwisko6527]

Great work on all your language videos Cant wait for more

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

Make about Berber, Cushitic and other Afroasiatic languages

[@yacin5590]

It's done

[@tristansoendergaard7867]

Noice! I barely knew anything about this family before i saw this video! Great work Costas Melas!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@dionadair8195]

Man, I have been waiting for this.

[@kenanhasan9784]

Great video as always.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@LearnKuCode]

I'm a nilot, this is awesome. One of those tiny pixels are my ancestors ☺️

[@yacin5590]

You're from South Sudan ?

[@LearnKuCode]

@@yacin5590 I'm from Kenya. Kalenjin

[@yacin5590]

@@LearnKuCode and what means kalenjin ?

[@LearnKuCode]

@@yacin5590 its a Nilotic group of tribes. *Distant cousins with tribes from sudan

[@dats65]

Since 8700 BC? Wow

[@badecnamor]

love your work!!!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@deacudaniel1635]

I love your language history mapping videos.I'm still waiting for a video about Sino-Tibetan languages from you.Others already did it but I'm very curious to see your version on that.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@bvthebalkananarchistmapper5642]

Amazing video as always. And for me, a great learning experience even when compared to your other language videos, as, of the 5 traditional (and now mostly outdated) African language families, I think Nilo-Saharan is probably the one I'm least familiar with.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@Zeyede_Siyum]

*This is good. I hope you will make more African languages video*

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@oitubeman1019]

The distribution of nilo-saharan follows ancient rivers in the sahara which are now long gone.

[@nicocola284]

Wow really

[@moorishsociety7339]

It used to reach all the way up to Mediterranean along the Nile.

[@ASMM1981EGY]

@@moorishsociety7339 the Egyptian Language is a Hamitic North African language that was created and started like all Hamitic-Semitic language branch in North Africa. Human migrations started from Africa and no major replacement reverse migrations have taken place towards North African from Asia. Nilotic languages are just one of many African languages families and they didn't enter North Africa, Hamitic-Semitic language branch started in North Africa and spread to West Asia not the other way around, the Nilotic languages never reached the Mediterranean and never entered North Africa because the Egyptian Language is already based and created in North Africa

[@joalvarado8506]

@@ASMM1981EGYNone of the scientific literature published after the 1960s places the Afro-Asiatic Urheimat in North Africa. Its spread is linked to haplogroup E-M215 and its E-M35 subclade and both of these haplogroups, along with the language family if you read updated science, originated in East Africa. This would account for the Nilo-Saharan loanwords foundational to the Egyptian language and the Amazigh loanwords seen in northern Nubian languages.

[@ASMM1981EGY]

@@joalvarado8506 You speak misleading expressions that you understand nothing about. Nilotic-Saharans as an ethnolinguistic group is older than the Hamito-Semitic, when Cushitic (South Hamitic) and Ethiosemitics originated in the Horn of Africa, the North Hamitics (Amazigh & Egyptians) populated North Africa where they settled and originated as the North Hamitic branch of this family. I'm a Genetic Anthropologist who lives in 2024 i ZILLIONS of times more aware of my field and specialisation more than you.

[@hamzehshashaa2659]

Another great research bravo costas👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Tony-zh1kz]

Not what i expected, but it is sure granted! Good job!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@PAGoldenglovechamp06]

I was reading a genetic study that shows west African nilo Saharan and Afro asiatic speakers are now linked through haplogroup e-v38 after combining E1B1A and a Ethiopian haplogroup. Suggesting that west Africans descend from East Africans. Your map here kind of suggest that as well. Fascinating stuff.

[@jejeaye7021]

E-M2 or e-v38 is a western African haplogroup,even if it originate in Ethiopia the same goes to e1b1b which is a North African haplogroup, majority of jilotes are A and B not E ,get it .

[@PAGoldenglovechamp06]

@@jejeaye7021 you saying all that and nothing I said was wrong

[@NileValleyMade]

I’ve heard stories of WA immigrating from EA Senegalese(Gambia), Malians, North Benin and South Sudanese look very identical even the language barriers.

[@joalvarado8506]

@@jejeaye7021E1b1b or E-M215 is East African in origin. So is its E-M35 subclade. Both of these are linked to Afro-Asiatic speakers and have their highest frequencies in Somalia.

[@joalvarado8506]

Political stability in the Sahel and Sahara are needed to gain concrete archaeological data. The auroch may even have first been domesticated in the area by Nilo-Saharan speakers as all the main lactase persistence genes can be found in Africa.

[@malismarma_5040]

Great video sir! I would be willing to help you with things such as research in order to make videos faster, because they are so good I can’t even wait for them! 😂 👍

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@magnahungaria8123]

Great job👍

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@blu9700]

Amazing video! interesting to see that Nilo-Saharan can be traced back to 9000 BCE as opposed to many other families not going further back than 2000 BCE!

[@blu9700]

@@regabrielexv Yea so this video is mostly speculative as non of this might have actually happend

[@arta.xshaca]

@@blu9700 not "none of this", since that's like telling evolution never happened.

[@joalvarado8506]

Proto-Egyptian has a lot of Nilo-Saharan loanwords as well and Egyptian likely split off from the rest of Afro-Asiatic 10-8kya further proving just how old these two language families are.

[@ASMM1981EGY]

@@joalvarado8506 Archaic Egyptian doesn't contain Nilotic-Saharan loanwords, stop spitting nonsense in the field I'm specialised in. Egyptian is a North Hamitic North African language no splitting occured.

[@joalvarado8506]

@@ASMM1981EGY You’re not specialized in the field if you still use the word Hamitic as it hasn’t been part of linguistics in many decades for obvious reasons.

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

you need to do Bantu next, and maybe Sino-Tibetan or Berber after that

[@teodoretarigan]

Good documentation video. Greeting from Southeast Asia.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@charlietudju8238]

Very impressive, bravo !

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Awkci_gaming]

This is very fortunate timing. I was creating an alternate history where the Nilo-Saharan peoples were an important player, and this video can give me a good insight in their hsitory.

[@C1914]

Imma subscribe to see when it comes out

[@elevatorisland]

Watching history unfold in a map format makes all the difference. Brings it to life.

[@user-kd8xu5wm5j]

Маленький кусочек сонгайского на севере Сахары:я обязательно выживу

[@Oppistan]

Ok

[@Ftibor7]

@@Oppistan This language is thousand and thousand more older than Russian language.

[@edoughgeographic9247]

It's located in the south west of Algeria , it called Tabalbala living with local Zenete berber

[@jubanumidia8460]

@@edoughgeographic9247 I confirme that

[@metehanbudak4254]

Very beautiful video.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@pas1994ok]

Amazing video

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@EduNauta95]

This channel is seriously singlehandedly RESHAPING my view on world history

[@judsonwall8615]

Agreed. Great channel

[@mitikutesfaye9062]

I am an anthropologist working on the Kunama, and this is fascinating....most of it overlaps with the oral history of the Kunama as told by them,

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@joacoolcipher]

good video, but can you do history of afro-asiatic languages since you did the first vid about african languages?

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. I will try it in the next period

[@thomash8079]

How do we even know when these languages developed and diverged, especially if they did so around 7000 BC

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

A lot of these are very non-specific estimations based off of the time it takes for certain grammatical and phonological features to develop plus taking into account the earliest evidence of each branch diverging

[@CostasMelas]

The Nilo-Saharan language family includes more than 100 language. Successive splits are so numerous that they go back the proto-language at least 10-12000 years ago, so the most remoted branches are estimated that had been splitted 8000-10000 years ago

[@mikailm6934]

@@CostasMelas i pretty much think that they were further north in southern Egypt, Sudan but were pushed southward by afro asiatic speakers and later arabs. Their phenotype show them to have evolved in a open semi desertic area, not a tropical one(hence their very darkskin, long limbs, very short hair, small eyes..)

[@ASMM1981EGY]

@@mikailm6934 As a genetic anthropologist I can confidently say that what you're saying is the story flipped upside down, human migrations started from Africa and no major replacement reverse migrations have taken place towards North Africa from Asia. The Afro-Asiatic (Hamitic-Semitic) branch of languages spread from Africa to West Asia not the other way around as you assume. The Hamitic-Semitic branch started and were initiated and created in North Africa and then spread to West Asia. Nilotic, Niger and Bantu languages didn't enter North Africa to be replaced.

[@mikailm6934]

@@ASMM1981EGY you're right to some extend but i think not completly. Back and forth happened. Ancestral North Africans are the original haplogroup E carriers, their descendants are the iberomaurusians . Lastest genetic studies indeed show that the Natufian received their E from a population similar to them, they probably received a language ancestral to afro asiatic but it wasn't afro asiatic as we now today.Their african affinitiy decreased by mixing with eurasian women. After, this population expanded from southern Levant/Egypt to Sudan and the Horn where they mixed along the way with proto saharans/nilotes .Some others went to the Maghreb where their language erased the language ancestral to Afro asiatic(Berber is only 3-4k old) . In the Levant a lot of Caucasians/Iranian went to the Levant, adopted semitic languages and have propagated haplogroup J which isn't an original afroasiatic haplogroup

[@willowrowley7830]

Nice!

[@monkeypie8701]

ah this is great probably do another african one next Niger congo or Khoisan?

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. Most likely is the Niger-Congo

[@iamseamonkey6688]

@@redacted9280 yeah. it's literally just a cluster of isolates connected by nothing more than proximity and clicking.

[@monkeypie8701]

@@redacted9280 could still display them seperately, it dosent have to begin with a single proto-language

[@mahatmaniggandhi2898]

@@iamseamonkey6688 they are split into 3 families tho, and there is a chance that sandawr from tanzania is related to one of these families

[@limeliciousmapping4652]

Crazy how old this language family is, that's rare

[@schuylerweaver1876]

Do one for the history of the Costas Melas subscriber count.

[@CostasMelas]

Good idea for the special 50,000 subs video :)

[@TSGC16]

Could you do the Amazigh/Berber languages or Bantu languages next?

[@TSGC16]

Or maybe just Afro-Asiatic languGes in general like youre Indo-European language video

[@thelinguisticmahmoudasem8811]

Please make video about afro-asiatic language

[@sepep6288]

It is amazing to see how the Nilotes were spread across the east Sahel prior to the bantu *expansion*

[@listenup2882]

Invasions? Africans have been moving back and forth across the continent for millennia. Would you describe the movement of Nilo-Saharan or Cushitic speakers as invasions

[@mahatmaniggandhi2898]

@@listenup2882 bantu invasion is a real thing what are you talking about?

[@sepep6288]

@@listenup2882 Yes i describe them as invasions

[@Mimi-mq2wj]

@@listenup2882 Bantu invasions are a thing lmao😂 expansions is another to say it as well

[@moorishsociety7339]

They were also in Egypt, he completely ignored.

[@piyumalubayasiri2642]

Do video by language family(indo european, nilo saharan, sino tibetan, afro asiatic , northeast and noarthwest caucasian, altaic etc)

[@CostasMelas]

It is difficult, but i will try it in the future (a map with all the families)

[@iamseamonkey6688]

altaic isn't actually a real family. it's been disproven because the evidence is too flimsy and never consistant. the only reason they look similar is because historically they had alot of contact with each other.

[@HYDROCARBON_XD]

NWC and NEC is probably just NC,A single family since it's proto languages are very similar

[@Lucas-zx9dr]

Make a video about the language of korean/japanese family

[@mahatmaniggandhi2898]

great video as always :D, but the thing is that the validity of nilo-saharan as a family is controversial, but i think the modern branches here are all widely accepted

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. There is no consensus about the Nilo-Saharan family among the authors, but it remains the most popular view

[@everettduncan7543]

Except eastern Sudanic

[@_Painted]

Nice video, but the map is missing the Tebu languages. Also Meriotic is unclassified but was likely Afro-Asiatic, though it could have even been an Afro-Asiatic/Nilo-Saharan hybrid language.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. They are included in the Sahara branch. The video ends up in the main branches, not in individual languages that are more than 100

[@_Painted]

@@CostasMelas Oh, ok. I thought the Tebu extend further north and east than the video shows, but maybe the other maps I saw were including larger regions the Tebu only rarely use.

[@qaz1001]

Kevin MacLeod is a legend

[@QwertyQwerty-bf9tt]

Please, make about Tocharian language

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

soon there will be a language mapping video of all the language families per continent and then there will be one for the world!!!

[@CostasMelas]

Very ambitious but I would like to make it

[@DesertsOfHighfleet]

@@CostasMelas yes it would be epic

[@rykloog9578]

It’s crazy how at the genesis of the Nilo-Saharan language family-8000bc-the Sahara desert was a lush savana

[@danielescalantedemedeiros.]

It is impresive how Gumuz has its origins in a language born milenials before Indo-european family and it still remains

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Fun Fact: Nilotic speakers are the tallest, darkest and thinnest people in the world :)

[@fyanle1382]

Not all of them, I'm Nilotic and I'm 5'9 and brown, the same way not all Scandinavians are blonde

[@BrutusAlbion]

@@fyanle1382 That's actually still pretty tall for human average across the globe. It's just the few Northern European countries which have averages slightly above 6'.

[@monkeypie8701]

so i just have to learn nilotic and then i'll be tall? no its the nilotic people that are tall, not the speakers

[@nicolaseito5172]

Not really the tallest people in the world are the people from the dinaric Alps

[@hawaz4704]

@@nicolaseito5172 Watch Drew Binsky’s video in South Sudan and make your decision

[@campbellblock3061]

Saharan speakers must be real Chads

[@alexanderplatypus3664]

^ I see what you did there You sneaky rascal

[@scoffedeee7381]

Can you please do afro Asiatic thanks

[@dr.h4769]

You should do Cushitic language in southern Ethiopia and Somalia

[@listenup2882]

Why restricted to those two countries. Cushitic languages are also spoken in Kenya and elsewhere.

[@asocos]

I love your videos 😍

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@kevinthecat9704]

IMPORTANT NOTE: The Nilo-Saharan family has not been demonstrated and could be invalid. Not saying this video is bad, but just want to through this out for people. All branches you see at the end of the video are unanimously agreed to be valid, but no consescus has been reached for inter-family relationships, if they exist.

[@renatocampos3114]

it must have been very difficult to make this video but i have some doubts I noticed that the last division of this family was 1400 BC, I doubt that this condition was stable for 3400 years, I believe that there were more divisions but it would be difficult to visualize these new divisions on the map. I noticed that a piece of the Songhai language was isolated for 1300 years in the very north between Morocco and Algeria and not , and remained as the Songhai language , with isolation causing linguistic divergence

[@CostasMelas]

The video ended up in the main subfamilies of the Nilo-Sahara family. These families have been divided into more than 100 languages over the last millennia

[@lyonya_lutiy]

Cool

[@kherstein9581]

Can you do Berber languages next?

[@scarymonster5541]

The berber language would be in afro asiatic

[@kherstein9581]

@@scarymonster5541 Yes but this channel does videos for subgroups. He did for semitic, and for all subgroups of Indo-European (Germanic, Romance, etc.). Also berber are many languages, not one.

[@scarymonster5541]

@@kherstein9581 ok

[@mikailm6934]

It would be quite hard since modern berber languages are only 2000 years old due to a bottleneck around the time of the fall of Carthage. Languages in North Africa before that were more diverse

[@ChristianSannino1904]

8000 years of history, wow

[@Tm_dkk]

11 000*

[@mrhexatron4226]

Make a history of the nigero-congolese languages

[@boopadoop2336]

I heard the music at 700 BC and already knew what was going to happen

[@nicocola284]

I wonder what was the small Songhai part remaining

[@AlekThink]

Also half of them is in danger of extinction now

[@Fallacia_Konstantinos]

Are there Songhay language remnants till today on the Algero-Moroccan borders???

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, mainly in the area of the oasis Tabelbala

[@manfredneumann4369]

It's beautiful but what's about Tocharian ones

[@QwertyQwerty-bf9tt]

Same

[@Qwerty-hy5mj]

@@QwertyQwerty-bf9tt I'm Qwerty too 😆

[@csk4707]

Tai-kadai languages Family pls

[@cityrocker4450]

Do the same with languages in Latin America please!

[@bossman4568]

can u do afro asiatic all together

[@user-bm5kj8qo3t]

Maybe Nigero Kongolian or Bantu next??

[@CostasMelas]

Most likely Niger-Congo

[@jaykaufman9782]

I have to admit I'm a little disappointed because I was so curious about the history of Old Nubian, Modern Nubian (Nubiin), and Meroitic. I'm fascinated by the histories of the kingdoms of Aloudia, Makouria, and Nobatia, and the Nubian diaspora after their conquest by invading Arabs. For example, the Luo/Luhya fled southwards and settled in modern Kenya; Barack Obama's father was a Luo. But none of this was represented on the maps, nor were other important languages such as Kalenjin, etc. Also I believe many modern Nubian-speakers fled northwards and are now native to Egypt, where they are one of only two remaining minorities, along with the indigenous Coptic Christians. Nevertheless, awesome, amazing work! As always!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@abdelrahmanelbashir1184]

Is meroetic Nilo-Saharan? I think it's more of a Cushistic language

[@rainydaybats56]

What is that white gap in the middle?

[@CostasMelas]

Kordofanian groups

[@ameliarodriguez7667]

FINALLY AN AFRICAN LANGUAGE FAMILY

[@Medmuss]

Funny how you can see the borders of chad basically shows how it's so random and it's just made based on his opinion

[@jubanumidia8460]

I'm surprised that you mentioned the isolated one in the west of Algeria, it's called Tabalbala

[@TheDragoneire]

Yeah that's crazy. They speak korandje a songhai créole

[@DieFlabbergast]

One Early Nilo-Saharan speaker to another: "What's with this weird music that's always playing in the background?" Other Nilo-Saharan speaker: "Who knows? If the gods want to play music, they play music. Who knows from gods? Let's get on with the hunt!"

[@alexanderplatypus3664]

lmao

[@bluerose6658]

Please make one with the Altaic language family.

[@kevinthecat9704]

He made them already.

[@masterdon3821]

Personally,I suport the view that Nilo-Saharan originated in southern Egypt and expanded south along the Nile

[@masterdon3821]

I propose that Nilo-Saharan urheimat origin is in south Egypt

[@greggegg8358]

Are these languages or language branches?

[@CostasMelas]

Language branches. They are splitted into more than 100 languages over the last millennia

[@greggegg8358]

@@CostasMelas yeah, I wasn't too sure. But then I would change the title into "History of the Nilo-Saharan language *branches* " to avoid confusion, same goes for the Indo-European one. But your videos are great work and I enjoy watching them

[@iSyriux]

Afro-Asiatic is next I'm guessing

[@scarymonster5541]

He said niger congo

[@matthewmann8969]

Almost as big as Bantu yeah

[@diegoragot655]

Who were the first language family to live in the shores of The African aide of The Red Sea?? (from what I Saw from this video, the Nilo Saharans never did)

[@CostasMelas]

Afroasiatic, mainly the Cushitic branch

[@diegoragot655]

@@CostasMelas and the Second?? (if You know at least)

[@CostasMelas]

@@diegoragot655 And Afroasiatic Omotic and unattested Paleo-Ethiopian languages related mayde with Shabo, Ongota etc.

[@mikailm6934]

@@CostasMelas no, nilo sahrans were present before. Modern day cushites are half dinka like, it shows they assimillated a lot of native nilo saharans in northern Sudan and along the red sea

[@ASMM1981EGY]

@@mikailm6934 Bantu and Nilotics never entered North Africa. North Africa was always and still populated by Hamitic North Africans not Bantu or Nilotics

[@alexqwert777]

8000 лет до н. э. не было письменности и каком языке говорили жители той или иной местности можно только предполагать.

[@vasekcz]

Hello

[@Banana_Split_Cream_Buns]

For reference 3:34 When the only Indo-European language was still only Proto-Indo-European. (Edited: see below).

[@HYDROCARBON_XD]

Indo-European goes before 4500 BC,At that time Anatolian had already split from PIE,probably at around 5500 BC

[@Banana_Split_Cream_Buns]

@@HYDROCARBON_XD Sure thing. I edited the timestamp. Thanks for the info.

[@nicocola284]

When you got to the second millenium before christianity : ah finally modern days

[@SKITNICA95]

Nilosaharans - highest people on the planet.

[@satanshameer690]

Is Nilo-Saharan a legitimate family?

[@CostasMelas]

There is no absolute consensus. Most authors accept the family, but in some cases exclude the Saharan, Songhai, Ethiopian border families etc. forming different families.

[@listenup2882]

Is afroasiatic legitimate?

[@satanshameer690]

@@listenup2882 most likely

[@davidmccarroll2280]

Is Niger-Congo legitimate? Bantoid languages are but what about the rest

[@satanshameer690]

@@davidmccarroll2280 it is more legitimate

[@angramainyu335]

Why they suddenly shrinked?

[@Qwerty-hy5mj]

@Noah Pritchett Yes

[@Qwerty-hy5mj]

@@regabrielexv No

[@mahatmaniggandhi2898]

@@regabrielexv very few speak these as s native language there , except maybe portuguese

[@mikailm6934]

@Noah Pritchett not really Bantu. Bantu speakers are farmers and were never interested in the Sahel or Sahara

[@Qwerty-hy5mj]

@@regabrielexv+ there's little if any shrinking to see. You take screenshots of 1900 and 2000 and compare them, the shrinking mostly occurs in the region of Sudan which has engaged in the the genocidal Darfur campaign displacing and killing the peoples of the region, the Fur who are Nilotic.

[@philippelarabe9394]

Songhai people are not indigenous of Maghreb. They’re invader who settled Eastern Sahara (Nowday in Algeria) durring the expension of Songhai Empire (1500-1600’s).

[@mikailm6934]

They just came back, they are indigenous and what you call Maghreb has barely clear borders especially in the desert

[@listenup2882]

I know the Arabs are invaders but Africans are indigenous.

[@TheDragoneire]

The land belongs to the land. The Maghreb did not exist before. The black sub-Saharan peoples were indeed indigenous too north Africa during the green Sahara and even today. The Toubous ppl speak a Nilo-Saharan language and they are still here. And before them in Algeria when the Sahara The Mande people were indigenous to the region, as were the ancestors of the Soninke people. And many other peoples like the bodiviens a people probably nilo saharian ancestors of the haratins who once inhabited the tassili 10 000 years before jesus christ.

[@alessandraleite677]

Alguém em 2024

[@roccovolpetti7363]

What Is that Little White circle they never spread to?

[@CostasMelas]

Niger-Congo Kordofanian languages

[@jinengi]

The Nubian language replace by Arabic 🥹🥹😭😭

[@scarymonster5541]

Well it was the nubians who intermarried with the arabs

[@aFreeAmazighPerson]

I know the secret 😏, they stole our identity picturing the original arabs as whiter skinned, the enemy reads this, I assure you my brother, that we are the holders of this world, if we die it will lose it's balance and crumble, don't worry, our ancestors weren't dumb, take care

[@AlekThink]

Africans: has different languages and culture Arabs and europeans: oh hey do u have a holy book? Take it! Can't read? Oh, ok, just learn our language. What is that? U have own government? Don't worry, we gonna *fix* that

[@alangervasis]

Almost all the languages you saw in this video didn't have a writing system until the arrival of Europeans and Arabs. So educate yourself.

[@scarymonster5541]

The africans have writing system but they never share with their neighbour

[@scarymonster5541]

But for the non africans they share the writinf system

[@geoDB.]

They don't have anything. They have never made anything

[@scarymonster5541]

@@geoDB. how about nsibidi?

[@samantha___]

9:04 1bc or 1ad

[@mrhexatron4226]

How do you know everything?