What Was the Algonquin-Basque Pidgin? | Most Ambitious Linguistic Crossover?

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The Basque language is spoken by the Basque people of the Basque country, straddling the border of France and Spain. The Algonquian languages are a language family spoken by a variety of Native American tribes such as the Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Blackfoot, and Mi'kmaq. So how on earth did speakers of these two languages meet and form a mixed language, a pidgin language, called Algonquin-Basque Pidgin? In this video find out the fascinating history of how this language came about, what it might have looked like and why it disappeared.
Blackbird in the Mi'kmaq Language:
• Emma Stevens - Blackbi...
0:00 - Intro to Creoles and Pidgins
2:58 - Intro to Algonquin-Basque Pidgin
4:55 - Brilliant Ad
6:11 - Basques in North America
7:34 - How Algonquin-Basque Pidgin Developed
9:10 - The Basque Influence
11:00 - Other Influences
12:33 - Phonological Influence of Mi'kmaq
16:00 - Morphology
16:48 - Iroquois Basque Etymology?
18:06 - Expansion of Algonquin-Basque Pidgin
23:06 - Why did Algonquin-Basque Pidgin Disappear?
25:25 - Algonquin-Basque Pidgin Lives On In Mi'kmaq
26:34 - Outro
Music Used:
Lost Frontier - Kevin MacLeod
Nightdreams - Kevin MacLeod
Loopster - Kevin MacLeod
Sunday Dub - Kevin MacLeod
Send me an email if you'd be interested in doing a collaboration! [e-mail]
This video was sponsored by Brilliant.
#Basque #Documentary #Languages

[@historywithhilbert146]

Visit brilliant.org/HistoryWithHilbert/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription. Let me know if you enjoyed the video by giving me a thumbs up and let me know in the comments what you thought!

[@babinobonazo73]

You from Newcastle ? I am .

[@historywithhilbert146]

@@babinobonazo73 Raised in the Tyne Valley and live in Gateshead ;)

[@babinobonazo73]

@@historywithhilbert146 I could tell with the accent I am from Newcastle East end when you said doylom it's a word used in the north east lots of times . Great channel keep up the good work guys 👍

[@Amcsae]

@@historywithhilbert146 where is the link to Blackbird posted? I didn't see it in the description.

[@parisfrance6483]

Lol the Basque we're there before the french .

[@unknownhandyman6821]

As a Basque person myself, this video puts a smile on my face. I love how basque people and the Mikmaq created a mixed language in order to speak with each other.

[@Jonas-ms1wo]

Ongi Etorri

[@unknownhandyman6821]

@@Jonas-ms1wo Baita zu ere

[@182jUlieN44]

Funny thing is,I know many many many Micmacs, I lived near two reservations. None of them speak a word of Micmac, Basque or French (I live in Quebec, the French speaking part of Canada). No, they only speak English. It has always felt like an oddity to me

[@unknownhandyman6821]

@@182jUlieN44 The result of 400 (aprox) years of European colonization 😔

[@MaltGambit]

The spelling "Micmac" is not really used commonly anymore, most don't like it and we use Mi'kmaq or Mi'gmaq depending on the orthography being used in a particular district of Mi'kma'ki. Putting Basque and L'nui'smk together would make a very complicated mix. Great video!

[@Quarton]

It would be very interesting to learn about the Icelandic-Basque Pidgin.

[@whyismyricewet1986]

Does that exist?

[@iwaru_iopfox]

I like how the word ″fuck you″ and other curse words are recorded in the survived glossary Vocabula Bascaica.

[@pallpalsson6574]

@Máximo Reynoso No ....ther vas not ,,,,,ther vas vas only bask walers in Iceland.....and Iceland pepul Wood kill Them IF they came on land

[@mikelalonsogortazar8385]

I know for sure that until 2014 it was legal in Iceland to kill basque people because thes basques would go to Icelandic waters whaling.

[@marceloorellana5726]

@@iwaru_iopfox fenicha for ju

[@Jobe-13]

Creole and Pidgin languages are really cool to me. Really shows how quickly and easily languages develop and change.

[@historywithhilbert146]

Certainly! I loved diving into them when I was studying Historical Linguistics!

[@Jobe-13]

@@historywithhilbert146 Really fascinating stuff

[@oscarosullivan4513]

@@historywithhilbert146 Could you do an episode on Irish dialects including living and extinct ones as well as potentially new ones

[@rogerdines6244]

Would someone like to tell the Daily Telegraph or the Académie Française that-they both seem to think that their beloved English and French respectively should be solidified in aspic, rather than dynamic means of communication!

[@oscarosullivan4513]

@@rogerdines6244 Those old fossilised bastions of “proper speech”

[@erikjansson9]

As a basque person, I love to hear stories about our culture!! Basque people have always had a reputation of being ferocious sailers. As a fun fact, Juan Sebastian Elcano, navigator in the first trip around the world, was also Basque. Very good work adiskide (friend)!! PS: I need a video about that Islandic-Basque pidgin ;)

[@jeffcauhape6880]

I have just begun to learn Basque and what you say makes sense to me. I got a chuckle out of the fact that the Micmac peoples may be the same ones who drove off the Norse earlier, but the Basques got along well enough with them to develop a pidgin language. That seems to be a common thread in what I know of Basque history -- They seem to get along well with most people provided you don't attack them or try to make them into something they are not.

[@thinkfact]

The more authentic pronunciation of Mi'kmaq, sometimes spelled Mi'gmaq as well, is (Mig-maw). The last q is silent. Some have gone about pronouncing it like micmac, but that's largely due to people, and sometimes even tribal members, pronouncing it by the spelling. Depending on the area, due to the similarity of the g and k sound different areas emphasize miKmaw or miGmaw. The First Nations near the St Lawrence River tend to use a harder G sound and will occasionally even spell it Mi'gmaq. But both are largely accepted. The group that I'm working with is changing their spelling to Mi'kmaq. I currently work with the band within the United States and I have been in the process of doing cultural preservation videos with them for the public school system in the state of Maine, and for their own community. We're also going to be doing a interview with all of the remaining Mi'kmaq speakers state side. Having them just speak the language exclusively in a long form video format about their lives and stories l. It will be use for historical and educational purposes for the community and their children. The Mi'kmaq in Maine are actually very unique for Native Americans in the United States, this is because they themselves do not have historical territorial claims and what would become the continental United States. Pretty much all of the Mi'kmaq originally from Canada and fled to the United States to get away from residential schools or for work. But, because they were part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, of which the remaining three tribes that made it up all exist in Maine, they were able to get Federal recognition. That's a pretty cool story, and it was only accomplished in the 90s after a long battle. The Wabanaki fought alongside the United States for its independence against the British, which helped play a part in them get recognized hundreds of years later. They are freaking awesome people and I'm so honored to work with them. I'll have to share with them this video the next time I go to a meeting.

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

That is cool, bit of Native American history I never knew about there

[@marcgauthier6894]

I’ll add to that the fact that “Montagnais” has been dropped as a term describing the Innu people. Not to be confused with Inuit, the Innu live along the northern coast of the Gulf of St-Lawrence and deep inland into modern day Quebec and Labrador. Edit: He does briefly mention this, albeit near the end of the video.

[@jakethesnake123]

good job with this post

[@donovantownshend8783]

no the q is a velar fricative

[@doctornewell4771]

I've always been interested in the Mi'kmaq language, it was my grandmother's first language before she was taken to residential school. One of the things I've found the most interesting as an outside observer is the way people describe how using the language makes them see the world, how Mi'kmaq words and sentences can paint a picture in your mind more vivid than English or French.

[@johnlavers3970]

if you find the mid eighties magazine, :"the canadian journal of archeology" (now the canadian journal of history and archeology", you will find there was a basque fishing site in newfoundland near the modern port aux basques, occupied as early as 1300 a.d., and they didn't usually winter over but stayed to dry cod fish over the summer. however they did winter over for about ten years in the later 14th century. the basques were fishing out here in new foundland and nova scotia, at an early date, and would have landed at many points to repair their ships and take on water and food, and of course trade with natives, mostly for furs. the natives would come in winter and remove all the metal in the settlement. they took all the nails in buildings so they were hard to maintain. the basques also has a settlement in labrador at red bay where they had a permanent whaling station circa 1375.

[@LuisAldamiz]

Is there any archaeological base for such alleged (and extremely implausible) early dates you claim. AFAIK there's no evidence whatsoever for Basque presence in Canada (or anywhere in the Americas) before 1512. It may have been older but probably not much older, especially if we are to believe the theory that they found the place via Cabot's sailors speaking freely in the taverns of Bristol.

[@etzharai]

I'm a native basque speaker and I love this kind of content. Here we call that region of Newfoundland as Ternua, and it's believe (but sadly there aren't any proves) that basque saliors where around that places even before of spanish discovery of America. Also I would love to see the Basque-Icelandic pidgin video too! Eskerrik asko gauza hauek zabaltzeagatik, adiskide~

[@gertvanderstraaten6352]

I have heard that theory about Basque fishermen fishing off Newfoundland even before Columbus.

[@brc9739]

Coolest language in Europe honestly, glad to see it's still alive and thriving

[@gorka9020]

@@gertvanderstraaten6352 Could be the case. Most probably it was "discovered" several times wirh "no impact" Columbus' success rested on opening America for commerce and cultural exchange with the rest of the world.

[@gertvanderstraaten6352]

@@gorka9020 Right. At least there's archeological evidence for the Viking/Norsemen presence. But this linguistic evidence for the Basque presence, whenever it started, is pretty cool either way.

[@laurencebyron9183]

My understanding would support this. A fasting Friday was extremely important in medieval Europe. This meant eating fish instead of meat. Demand for dried cod in Europe drove the Basques to fish farther and farther into the Atlantic. Eventually, reaching and then seasonally settling, far North East North America. This is where the mixed with the Algonquin. Whether, this was just before or just after Columbus discovery of the Caribbean, is up for debate. My gut feeling is that Basques fisherman were fishing off and camping in Canada and trading with Indigenous people before Columbus.

[@furrywarriors]

My linguistics professor defined pidgin languages as a language that developed between two or more languages, but is not the native language of any group. A pidgin can develop into a Creole language after it is spoken natively by a couple generations of children of mixed parentage, and incorporates more elements of the component languages

[@LuisAldamiz]

My personal take is that pidgin is the Germanic English word for its French-based variant creole, much like pig is to porc (exaggerating a bit because surely "creole" is a more recent post-Norman borrowing but still). Once you have two words for the same thing, you can use each to express nuances about their general meaning, like happens with pig and porc indeed.

[@chibiromano5631]

So Pidgin would be Nahuatl becoming Mexican Spanish? Essentially Nahuatl started off as old Nahuatl , being first a Dene(tlingit) -Aztecan langauge somehwere in Utah and Idaho in around 1000BC. ... After 500AD it becomes an Uto Aztecan with the mixing of Yoeme. At 1300s the langauge it introduced to Central Mexico and merges with the Oto Manguen ( Otomi & Mixtec) to form Mexica Anahuac Nahuatl. Then with Catholics, it mixes to become CLASSICAL NAHAUTL at around 1600s. Then with French,Gitano and Italian immigrants and standardization.. classical Nahuatl turns into Mexican Spanish at around 1800s. Under Lazaro Cardenas and mandatory education, it turns this language into Mexican Spanish we all know and love. But it doesn't stop there.. because Mexican /Mexican Spanish is still evolving with mixings with American English.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@chibiromano5631 - No, Mexican is almost perfect Castilian language. It did not evolve from Nauhatl.

[@ritabrown2226]

L

[@johaquila]

I wanted to make a similar comment, but I have my problems with the last point: The greater complexity of a creole compared to a pidgin does not necessarily come for the source languages. In fact, some creoles are a very good example for how a completely new, relatively complex grammar arises naturally when something as simple as a typical pidgin language gets its first native speakers. There need not be any speakers of the original languages around for this.

[@gavini1738]

I am a fluent basque speaker, as I am Basque-American. Great video! Had no idea there was a connection with the Algonquin language. Keep it up man

[@Mrkabrat]

Pidgin honetaz gain bagado euskera-islandiera pidgina/Apart from this pidging there's also the basque-icelandic pidgin. Ondo segi!

[@jessechen6763]

guess

[@MartianInDisguise]

Are you from the state of Idaho?

[@asierurteaga1227]

Amerikanoek gure hizkuntza aspaldi galdu zutela uste nuen, pozten naiz zure berri izateaz. Egun paregabea izan dezazula opa dizut, bai zuri eta Iribarren sendi osoari ere.

[@hitshey8588]

Ei, benetan, nola demonte egin duzu euskara ikasten lortzeko? Nik ere ez naiz natiboa (holan esaten da?) eta ezinezkoa da!!

[@onecertainesquire486]

Basque-Icelandic is anouther cool one! I love languages but Im really bad at them and have never enjoyed learning them...I wish I was better at that. I hope everyone has had a really lovely day, and while I know people say this alot, but everyone reading this comment deserves all the love and happiness that the world has to offer.

[@invictidomini6846]

Wait there is a Basque-Icelandic pidgin?!

[@onecertainesquire486]

@@invictidomini6846 Haha, yes!

[@pelao824]

This is fascinating. The weirdest pidgin I had heard of was a mapudungun-spanish-welsh pidgin used by displaced mapuches during the argentininan "conquista del desierto"

[@LuisAldamiz]

Welsh? That Welsh part if real is indeed weird. How did that happen?

[@pelao824]

@@LuisAldamiz a lot of welsh people colonized southern argentina (Puerto Madryn, Trewelyn, Chubut).

[@pelao824]

The one instance i remember clearly it was the use of welsh-spanish to ask for bread, as refugees (Poco bara, chiñor) (Little bread, sir)

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@pelao824 - Fair enough, still weird.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@pelao824 - But so early was the Welsh arrival? Because most of the European (especially non-Spanish, non-Portuguese) colonization happened after independence, in the 19th and early 20th century. Some have called that phase "the whitening of South America", although it also applies to much of North America as well.

[@txikigetxo]

I'm a native language speaker and is really a great job you did here. Thanks of promoting our culture and spreading our language around the world with such a great explanation of one of the most curious linguistic experiments ever done

[@austinsontv]

Hau mitakhoda! Tokhed yaún he? Piense que cuando yo podria a verte aca. Hope you're doing well! Hopefully, we might be able to meet up if I get south of Germany when I visit thia year. (Covid permitting)

[@mapache-ehcapam]

Native speaker of what exactly?

[@gorka9020]

The "-koa" ending just conveys origin. Bilbokoa -> From Bilbao ( City name ). You can also use it to tell where did you get an object from, and even combine it with "z" which tell the means through which you acomplish something or even the material used, so: Egurra ( Wood meaning made of wood, not the forest acception ) + z + Koa -> EgurreZKoa =Made of wood, wooden.

[@brc9739]

Do u speak Basque?

[@gorka9020]

@@brc9739 Indeed, I'm both basque and euskaldun.

[@brc9739]

@@gorka9020 that's sick do u use it with family or as a community language?

[@thequantumcat184]

@@brc9739 most of us mostly use it for studying

[@LuisAldamiz]

Irokoa = "from the city" (mainstream theory per Roslyn Frank) or "from the three" [clans], as I have speculated sometimes? I'm sure it's not from "hil". Iroquois almost certainly lived in the New Brunswick area at that time and were displaced inland by the Miq'maq only some time later.

[@gorka9020]

Basque dude here. ="in"= in basque generally sounds like the spanish "ñ". So the correct way to pronounce Kapitaina (modern spelling ) is Kapitañá ...with a tone strike in the last sillable because there is no following word.

[@thequantumcat184]

I think in certain dialects (the ones in Iparralde i think) they do pronounce it -ina and not -ña

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

1:02 I’ve never heard Hilbert swear, but I’m loving it anyway. Het Wilhelmus needs justice.

[@deanian3128]

Icelandic basque please, there is a serious defiect of good history vids about the nordic-american interactions circa early 10th cent., would love to see your coverage on it :)

[@Mrkabrat]

Native basque here. It's for reasons like this I laugh when people complain that "basque is too hard to learn!" yet two very different groups with vastly different languages and limited contact have managed to understand each other via making an in between language. Anyway, as we say; eskerrik asko eta ondo segi!

[@solomonthefoolish]

I'll take "What is the craziest video subject you could come up with?" for 300 Hilbert Euskara Lets Gooooo

[@historywithhilbert146]

It became a meme among myself and my uni friends so I decided to honour that with a video ;)

[@joshuag.a287]

The most interesting creole (or rather mixed language) I've ever read about is Michif which is a French-Cree hybrid from the Canadian prairies. Unlike most "creoles" it incorporates complex grammar from both parent languages i.e French gender and agreement and Cree gender (animate and inanimate) . Would definitely be an interesting video!

[@LuisAldamiz]

Subscribing the suggestion, sounds interesting.

[@Briselance]

Damn right. :-3

[@tompatterson1548]

I really want this.

[@tompatterson1548]

Hey, you should make that video!

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

Icelandic-Basque pidgin "I'm the weirdest basque based pidgin in existence!" Algonquin-Basque pidgin "hold my bear" also If I had a quarter for everytime Basque whalers made a pidgin with a completely unexpected language, I'd have two quarters, which isn't very many but it's weird that it happened twice

[@LuisAldamiz]

Someone in another comment claimed an even more obscure Basque-Inuit pidgin, which I find plausible but never heard of before. Three quarks for muster Mark?

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

@@LuisAldamiz who knows, Inuit waters are good for whaling considering it’s a big tradition there, so probably a thing

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 - There was Basque fisher seasona settlement in the Labrador coast. In the maps I've seen some exactly six sites that fall off-map, as most sites were in Newfoundland and the Gulf St. Lawrence. This is the map I made long ago for Wikipedia based on a Canadian book on the matter my dad has: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basques_Newfoundland.gif I'm assuming that any Basque-Inuit contact was in that area. However for what I see Inuits only live at the northermost reaches of Labrador, so unsure.

[@54Gotland]

There was a pidgin language in Upstate New York west of Albany which was called Mohawk Dutch. May you can do a video about this subject?

[@karoniesthompson4355]

Wow. I’ve never heard of that. And I’m kanien’kéha:ka

[@gorka9020]

Yes, yes, you got many things right, as Anaia ( Brother) and Adizkide (Friend). But that "-kide" ending means "team member" whatever it be related to the pack ( E.G. Burukide = "Head- Team" = Chief, Boss). There is another word for friend that I like more : Laguna , which is homophonous with the Spanish word for Lagoon. And yeah, "Atorra" means shirt, but curiously enough we tend to use much more an arabic-origin word for it : Alkandora. There are more arabic loans, such as an Albeitar ( Veterinary ).

[@LuisAldamiz]

I was not familiar with "atorra" so cool that you explained. Mila esker.

[@isabellacatolica5594]

Gainera ez dau esan Anaia izango zala " implying that both are boys"

[@keeganfreiheit3252]

I believe the seven years war is only called the French and Indian war in the United States. I’m from Manitoba in Canada and I’ve only ever really known as the seven years war from history classes. Otherwise great video, I love learning about these niche topics, keep up the amazing work.

[@Forty7-Twenty7]

I’m an American, we use both terms, at least where I come from. But most of us call it the French and Indian war, I think because calling another war “The **insert years** War” is somewhat boring to us.

[@Quetsalcoatvl]

In America, atleast in the Texas schools I went to, it's explained using both names when its introduced, but the terms are typically used to distinguish the separate theatres of war, with 7 years war being used when discussing the European, South American & Indian ocean theatres of war, and french and indian war being used when discussing the war's North American Theatre. we learn more about the american theatre, mainly because the 7 years war is something taught in our national history classes but not really discussed as much in grade-school/high school world history classes, so knowledge on the rest of the war is limited without independent research or college level courses about world history. another reason is because the american theatre of war actually began 2 years before the 7 years war, lasting 9 years, so the term "7 years war" presents a more eurocentric view that dismisses the early parts of the war as pre-war tensions and skirmishes, as they were much less important to the war as a whole, and likely seen as pretty insignificant to the other European powers. kind of similar to the war with japan being sometimes referred to as "the pacific war" or "the war in the pacific" to specify it when talking about ww2, while it still being considered a theatre of that war. the term "french and indian war" I have never heard used as a substitute for "the 7 years war" when discussing the war outside of the north american theatre

[@fitz3540]

@@Quetsalcoatvl This answer, here. The French and Indian Wars refers to the civilian skirmishes in the American Frontier mostly

[@baneofbanes]

@@fitz3540 it wasn’t just civilian skirmishes.

[@-hg7fc]

We use both terms but the war started in earlier here in North American 1754 in what is now western Pennsylvania vs 1756 in the rest of the world.

[@ReeseJamPiece.]

This is the first time I've heard of this before, these two are probably the last I'd expect a creole from. Great video!

[@josefelixglez.sansebastian6749]

Thank you very much for this video from the Basque Country. I had heard about this, but not in such depth. Great vídeo!!!

[@modmaker7617]

Take a random obscure European language that isn't in the Indo-European language family and create a creole by mixing it a non-European language. That will always create interesting results.

[@nikolaskoric804]

As far as I know, the only non Indo-European language in Europe that survived, is exactly the Basque language. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Thus I find it very interesting, that not only did the Norsemen, but also the Basque people arrive in the New World, before the ''famous'' explorers.

[@modmaker7617]

@@nikolaskoric804 There's also the Uralic Languages (Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian & Saami) which come from around the Ural Mountains which have no connection to Indo-European. I also count Turkey and the Caucasus as European. Turkish & its Turkic language family aren't related to Indo-European. Georgian isn't an Indo-European language. Basically all languages in the Caucasus aren't Indo-European except Armenian & Russian.

[@nikolaskoric804]

@@modmaker7617 Fair enough. Don't get me wrong, I want to learn if possible. I have this dilemma, so how do we classify them? Ugro-Finnish languages, derived east of the Urals. Georgian, Armenian, and Turkic (for the most of the part) are not in Europe and neve were in Europe. So logically speaking, we cannot consider them of an European family of languages. When I was relating to Basque, it's because it's the only language that is autochthonous for Europe. Meaning it has origins that stretch far beyond any language that came from mostly Asia. Basically it's the only known language that survived, and was preserved, considering the influx of languages that came from the East( read: Asia) .

[@modmaker7617]

@@nikolaskoric804 A) Armenian is Indo-European. B) Fair, exclude Turkish & the languages of the Caucasus. C) Uralic/Finno-Urgic languages originate from that Asian side of the Ural Mountains, yes but today every single modern Hungarian, Finn, Estonian and Saami person would consider themselves European. So you just gonna call people who consider themselves European, Asian that's just racist?

[@nikolaskoric804]

@@modmaker7617 Mate seriously, calling me racist for asking a question? I was just trying to have a discussion. Nevertheless, sorry to bother you. Have nice day sir.

[@legoman29981]

As someone learning and promoting the dying creole of my hometown, creoles and pidgins have become so incredibly interesting to me! Especially once you get to know the history behind their formation. Great video!

[@g.3581]

What creole is that?

[@legoman29981]

@@g.3581 Chabacano de Cavite! A hispano-filipino creole.

[@g.3581]

@@legoman29981 Riyal. Natural de zamboanga? O de cavite ba tu? Edit: Ah perdon ya mira dituyo comment. Habla ba tu chavacano de cavite?

[@legoman29981]

@@g.3581 Sí ta platica yo chabacano de cavite pero no sabe yo quemodo habla el idioma cuando chiquito pa yo. Recien numa yo ya aprende el idioma.

[@g.3581]

@@legoman29981 Riyal que habla tu chavacano de cavite na dituyo edad. Tiene yo maga amigo de cavite city y hinde sila ta habla chavacano porque hinde sila ya insinya na casa. Na zamboanga ta perde el lenguaje porque hay mucho maga migrante pero alla na cavite nohay mucho maga hablante de hoy

[@pygmybisoncomtedebournon4207]

I love learning about languages, please do more of these Hilbert

[@AnEnemy100]

Really enjoyed this. Thanks.

[@M.M.83-U]

Great video. I will like the second video very much.

[@franks.6547]

Hoe weet je dit allemaal, zeg! And yes I'm very interested in the Basko-Icelanders! By the way, Epimetheus has this great format of extended videos, where he freezes the original animated version in a black and white still image - and he inserts additional audio comments with more context. It's a great example of the didactical spiral with a refresher for viewers while saving the presenter tedious extra animations

[@aitorhuizi4361]

Great vid! Pls make another

[@shawnhodder7547]

From Newfoundland and thank you for this is an awesome video, the Basque influence on the island is definitely understated. If you take the ferry to the NL the first place you see is called Port Aux Basque.

[@christopheroates5674]

Not to mention Trepassey, Biscay Bay, Port aux Choix (orig: Ingornachoix), Placentia (Plasencia) and many more.

[@Neeqh_]

The "Montagnais" is the name given by the french to talk about innus (not inuits). In canada we stopped calling them "Montagnais" because that is not how they wanted to be named. Montagnais meant "people from the mountains" in french and Innu means "human being" in the Innu-aimun language. The Innu-aimun language is part of the Algonquian languages. Great videos by the way. I always learn new stuff about things I knew and I learn new stuff from things I didn't know at all. Keep it up!

[@66666Dr]

Really great. Please do more language stuff. Especially pidgins and creole-languages!

[@sol_di_14]

I'm about to learn Euskera and I didn't know this. It's so interesting! Thanks!

[@barnsleyman32]

there is a painting by john everett millais called the boyhood of raleigh, and it depicts a young walter raleigh being told of the wonders of america by a basque fisherman. a great reference to this fascinating period! excellent video as always hilbert

[@hallupnorth1082]

I appreciate your video as a Mi’kmaq tribe member. I Am apart of the Aroostook band. Great job!

[@dougreimer2912]

Fascinating. I was aware of the early Basque presence in the Maritimes but was surprised to learn of the Mic Maq connection.

[@ronpetraqueas7075]

Very interesting video indeed, and I would definitely love to watch that video about the other Basque -Icelandic pidgin.

[@2292fa]

Super cool video - one of your most interesting! It’s palpable how much you liked this topic. YES PLEASE TELL ME HOW BASQUES AND ICELANDERS talked a pidgin!!

[@Paco-nq5yz]

Vraiment très intéressant ! Merci pour le partage

[@gustavovillegas5909]

Wonderful video! As a language nerd of indigenous descent who loves pidgins and creoles, this vid is like my two favorite things put together!

[@OldWorldMicmac]

I am fluent Mi'kmaq/Micmac. Basque(Euskaki) language is very interesting to me as I am fluent in French as well.

[@_robustus_]

This is the coolest thing I’ve seen since the mix of Klingon ,Old Church Slavonic and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.

[@antoniotorcoli9145]

Fascinating. You are an outstanding scholar!

[@Bazabal11]

We need to see more videos like this, please. Eskerrik asko!

[@Hsalf904]

I’m from Atlantic Canada but never heard of this before! So cool

[@Estentor]

Don't get overwhelmed, the people on the coast speak a very "special" Basque, in each town they have their own variant radically different from that of their neighbors, and much more different from the "standard" Basque

[@Mrkabrat]

Gipuzkera edo bizkaiera diñozu?

[@melanienebula2550]

Ay yo holup are you one of the death knights of crail

[@asierurteaga1227]

The lenguage unification (euskera batua) was made in 1966, so we dosent have enough time to "standarize" it among those native speakers who learn theyr regional version in theyr childhood

[@asierurteaga1227]

@@Mrkabrat Hoi banaketa lasagie da, Orioko euskera eta Hondarribikoa ezberdinek die nahizta bik giputxik izan. Durangokoa Lekeitikon ezberdine dan bezalaxe.

[@Mrkabrat]

@@asierurteaga1227 Beno, banaketa oso orokorra da, hori egia da, azken finean herri bakoitzan euskalki desberdin bat bait dute. Baina Orioko euskera ta Hondarribiakoa erlazio gehiago izango dute haien artean bizkaiko euskalkiekin baino. Baina danak euskara dira, eta niri behintzat interesgarria egiten zat leku desberdinetako euskalkiak entzutea, bereziki esaldi edo esamolde xelebreren bat dabenean

[@AntiQris]

I believe the connection is deeper than we have thought. Like many tribes (specifically ones with short histories..) are ex-legionaries going back who knows how far. I’ve tracked the potential through either escape, retirement, sub-plantation, conquest, etc.. all have potential as the complex multiplicity of both Native cultures and Legio service “reasons” both hold full water. My family tree shows it when not relying on the bottom line of the English but on the knowing on things both contextual and heartfelt. Nice video!

[@imshawngetoffmylawn]

oo I actually made a video on this as well a few months ago! Super interesting stuff! Loved your take on it!

[@albertocampillo5250]

Great video!!

[@williamcooke5627]

That was absolutely fascinating, Hilbert; thanks ever so! And i for one should very much like to know about an Icelandic version.

[@williamcooke5627]

(By the way, I just turned 75 a week ago today, and you are the first person I have ever heard pronounce 'Pidgin' with a 'hard' g. For me it has always been pronounced nearly like 'pigeon'.)

[@FabsterCola]

Basque pidgins are crazy, though my fascination currently lies with Maritime Polynesian Pidgin. A polynesian pidgin that uses reduced forms of Tahitian, Māori and Hawaiian. Hope someone will do a video on it some day.

[@sean..L]

When visiting Newfoundland I took a ferry from a place called Port aux Basques to get to Nova Scotia, I suppose that town was named for the Basque fisherman and whalers back in the 16 and 1700's.

[@asier2234]

I'm a native Basque speaker and I didn't know about the existence of this pidgin language, it looks extremely interesting and it impresses me how such an small language had certain relevance in so far lands. Also, with this video I have learnt about Basque vocabulary which was more commonly used some centuries ago and nowadays sounds instead like ancient, or simply they have become residual words. I enjoyed the video a lot and I would love to learn about Icelandic-Basque Pidgin as well!

[@MarschelArts]

Very interesting indeed! I have never heard of Pidgins before. I assumed such "trade languages" devolped when 2 cultures meet and trade, but guessed they would be an equal mix from both languages and not be predominantly based on one or the other. Or is this the case with Algonquin-basque alone, and other pidgins are more of a mix? In any case, I find it fascinating!

[@LuisAldamiz]

I'd say that the grammar is usually a simplified version of the dominant language and the vocabulary is more mixed. It will vary anyhow.

[@jonfroemming]

Really loved the video! I am a native basque speaker and i didn't even know we had a pidgin language related to Euskera

[@bazte3]

Great video, an Icelandic-Basque crossover video would be really interesting if there was enough content for it

[@gorka9020]

And yeah, in the XVI Basque, P was used instead of F sometimes, specially for names. So "Pernando" is same as "Fernando" ( Ferdinand") , "Prakak" = "Frakak" ( Trousers) and such.... Oh, did you notice that the ending "K" is the plural we would have as an "S"? ;)

[@thequantumcat184]

But prakak is still used today

[@thequantumcat184]

You know, with the P

[@gorka9020]

@@thequantumcat184 Yes, never said otherwise. Just told that some forms turned more popular over others.

[@LuisAldamiz]

Basque hates /f/, that's why Spanish, Gascon, ect. (Basque-influenced Romances) lost their initial f- in words like hablar (originally fablar, from Lat. fabulare, related to fable). P is also rather un-Basque but much more common and well established.

[@asierurteaga1227]

Our waters have a lot of lime who rotten our teeths, nowdays dentists have solve that problem but back in those times it would be preety difficoult to pronounce F without teeths, thats why P was that common in those days.

[@Amcsae]

This was great!

[@manipei]

Love your videos and presentation. Please do a video on Sri Lanka!! Would greatly appreciate it 🙏

[@biponacci]

If you take video suggestions, I’d suggest the HMS Bounty mutiny, and the formation of the Pitkern and Norfolk creoles (and generally the implications the mutiny had on these two tiny, enormously geographically distanced islands in the pacific).

[@cassiopeiasfire6457]

this is brilliant! i'd heard about the basque-icelandic pidgin, but this is even better, and so interesting since i've been starting to study basque recently. thank you for sharing!

[@asierurteaga1227]

Ongi etorri euskaldunon herrira eta milesker gure hizkuntza ikasteagatik.

[@mikelquintana586]

Like basque i loved this video. Really interesting, never heard about it ! thanks.

[@swolla1040]

Epic video, Eskerrikasco!

[@moumous87]

Whaaaaaaaat?!?!?!???! So glad I’m subscribed to this channel!!!

[@burusoila6253]

Fantastic work Hilbert! My humble impression is that Chicago comes from Etxeko or Echego , which means from home in Basque . Illinois could be originally Illekoa . Thanks so much Hilbert.

[@AntiQris]

Dude awesome video! You just advanced my project like all the way! Two key points of incredible historic placement can be made between a certain group that might me called “no R men” And another group that might be related that “struggle with El” … I’ll let you finish that math! Thank you so much! There was a deal made it seems of ages past that is so much more important than we know yet of who’s who in history.

[@asiersanz8941]

Eskerrik asko/Thank so much for the video! As a basque speaker myself I had learnt something obout this pidgin. But once I read that the term iroquois came frome the basque "hiru" for "three" as there was a kind of tirumvirate in that ethnic group at the time, so that it came from the term "hirukoa". Superinteresting and nice to see how american natives and basques came along.

[@gumunduratli579]

there was also a Basque Icelandic pidgin spoken here in the west fjords back in the 17-18th century.

[@rogerdines6244]

Thanks, as always, for this. However, it may be that in Dutch pidgen is prounounced as it is spelt, but in English it is pronounced as I would pronounce pigeon-if you listen to the pronounciation given in the wikipedia definition you have quoted that is how it is pronounced: wikipedia gives two IPA forms for pigeon, and the first, with an 'i' sound representing the 'eo', is identical to that given for pidgin. Keep up the goid work.

[@LuisAldamiz]

I'd say /pitgi:n/ for pidgin and /pitshwon/ for pidgeon, which is oddly similar to Spanish "pichón" (young pidgeon) but with different stress. Probably pronunciation varies a lot between dialects of English, which are many.

[@toade1583]

pidgin is fairly phonetic. The "dg" diagraph was the original way to prescribe the "j" sound in English as in edge, ledge, ridge, bridge.

[@andreascovano7742]

A very interesting theories regarding this is that some believe that the basque whalers actually reached north america or at least knew of north america before the castillains/columbus did. Maybe a video on this would be cool hillbert!

[@LuisAldamiz]

"Theories" abound but evidence is lacking. Most likely the reality is a bit more prosaic: Basques were indeed fishing in the area of Ireland when Cabot reached Bristol after his 2nd expedition (the first one was a failure apparently) and the sailors spoke too freely, especially (I imagine) after some cunning Basque captains invited them to way too many drinks. -- So you say cod, eh? -- Yes cod as big as a man! Lots of it! -- And whales too? -- True monsters of the sea by the thousands! -- Hey, girl, bring another pint of grog for this brave sailor. Water for me.

[@pedro5230]

I loved the video, pls make the other basque Icelandic pidgin video

[@docjohnson2874]

Just too good.....always amazed by what you know......in a nice way.....lol.....agree that this pidgin is really fascinating and would love to hear your investigations of the Islandic version.

[@pedromaia8876]

13:06 pássaro is indeed in Portuguese. obligatory pls come to Brazil, we also have oranges.

[@patnelson8604]

i am a big fan of your videos !!! i have worked with Native People to prince edward island in canada, Mic Mac people who prefer today to be recognized by the work ''ME-QU-Y '' My Phonetic spelling . thanks for all the hard workthat goes in to your videos there much apprecated

[@mojopikon2910]

Beautifull analysis I' m a bask speaker Nothing else to add.

[@lucasbonhommevazquez]

Fascinating really

[@buzzpatch2294]

cool i learned things - thx much

[@Sk0lzky]

I knew of the Icelandic one's existence but having a whole video (hopefully as in-depth as this one) on it would be much appreciated

[@carnum1159]

Great video! Can you do a video on Liberia’s involvement in WW2?

[@komanderogartzia1971]

Good afternoon from the Basque Country

[@gariko1989]

Oso interesgarria, eskerrik asko! /Real interesting, thank u very much.

[@Vigilante-3-1]

Amazing!

[@jennimcinnes2825]

Yuma I am in the SCA and my persona is from 1480s Bristol form a Basque mother Belladonna deBilbo though she is not from Bilbao but from Geyonne. I loved this video. Thank you so much. I would love to hear about the Basque Icelandic pidgin.

[@abineryebiohadgu8461]

Can you make a video about the ethio-tigray war? Btw great video like always keep it up

[@statelyelms]

That was very interesting

[@boxerfencer]

Yes, please do the other basque pidgen video.

[@enriquebelaskes3421]

Very interesting. My grandma was Basque so anything relate to Euskal Herria or their adventures is very Interesting to me

[@OldWorldMicmac]

You'll notice many of us Mi'kmaq (Micmac) has the last name "Basque".

[@tadesubaru1383]

yo, i'm basque! this video immediately caught my attention (i study linguistics and translation) and it's very interesting! thanks for this info :)

[@tadesubaru1383]

there are a couple of mistakes in your basque but it's not that bad! congratulations

[@AlvinBalvin321]

yea id definitely love to see a video about the icelandic-basque pidgin

[@cristixav]

Not many videos about Creoles and Pidgins on YT, so please do the Icelandic-Basque one :) I heard about both but struggled to find any details. Maybe you can explore the modern pidgins with Arabic as a lexifier (many in the Gulf, or Pidgin Madam in Syria...).

[@austinsontv]

10:00 that's the pidgin Michif, a French based pidgin with Cree words as main additiona and some from Ojibwe as well. My friend grew up on the Turtle Mountain Reservation and they taught Michif to their students rather than Ojibwe or Cree (even though it was mainly a trading language, and should be taught alongside both Ojibwe and Cree.)

[@alain5300]

As a basque person myself I love to see this type of videos. If you do the Icelandic-Basque Pidgin video a fun fact is that until 2015 there was a law that allowed Icelandic people to kill any basque, it was a law that the King of denmark created in the XVI century because some basques lost their ships in a storm and they had to stay the winter in iceland and because of food shortages some locals started some conflicts with the basques. It´s amazing to me that even though they created a language for better communication they ended up killing all the basques.

[@ablilil]

As a native basque speaker I could guess what most of the words meant, I didn't know that the ABP existed. Really cool video!!

[@micahistory]

wow, I had no idea this ever even existed. So fascinating

[@VonPlanter]

Nice vid

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thanks man!