How a Series of Cliffs in New York Resulted from a Mass Extinction

[@GeologyHub]

The Palisades can be prominently found along the Hudson River, representing a different era in the planet's geologic history. When these features formed there was a mass extinction event ongoing due in part to the associated flood basalt eruptions.

[@SP_33333]

Do you know anything about the Niagara Escarpment?

[@andrewrivera4029]

I’ve lived and worked in the lower Hudson Valley for 50 years and never have been as well informed on the Palisades origin til now. Great video.

[@albertvanlingen7590]

7 cubic kilometres.... That's according to the NIWA scientific research team that released their findings of their study at the Tonga volcano site. A follow up video would be a good video for GeologyHub. Big fan 🤠

[@blessingsflow8648]

Sir, as of July 13, '22 the hidson river has been bubbling; alongside a seismic swarm sround new york as well as concerning increase in seismic activity along the entire east craton edge. Can you team up with in2thin air or Dutchsinse and help us connect some dots as to why and what may be happening?

[@Charlie-Oooooo]

* "The New Jersey Palasades"

[@scottprather5645]

grew up in New Jersey those Cliffs are my old stomping grounds used to hike them all the time we found this cave in the side of the cliff we'd have to climb up about 30ft to get to it was one of our forts!! very interesting to know the geological history also hard to believe that was a couple miles under the surface

[@jmarth523]

Flood basalts are some of the most interesting geological events. I am really interested in learning about more of these. Thanks Geologyhub!

[@steventhompson399]

Me too, fascinating stuff. I heard of the eruptions in western Siberia and deccan plateau because of the links with mass extinctions, but I don't remember hearing about this eruption before... There's some interesting talks on KZbin I saw a little while ago about the more recent flood basalt eruptions in the Columbia valley area of eastern Washington

[@wtglb]

@@steventhompson399 you must be watching Prof Nick Zentner, from Central Washington U, he’s done a lot of lectures on PNW Geology, he’s excellent & very entertaining!

[@steventhompson399]

@@wtglb yeah that's it, I couldn't remember his name, I enjoyed several of his talks

[@TheLonesomeBricoleur]

There's apparently a possible correlation between some flood basalts & impact events, too, no less. Last I heard was that such theorization is controversial, but it seems like meteor or comet collisions could have even *caused* major flood basalt events by the reflection & refraction of their shockwaves through Earth's crust. 🤯🤔

[@Mike-ge7pe]

This was awesome to learn. The cliffs of northern NJ always seemed out of place to me. Very interesting

[@bananacat4945]

This actually has a pretty big connection to me, as I hiked the palisades last August. My house is also close to South Mountain, which was formed by this volcanic activity!

[@bananacat4945]

@E Van it’s pretty tubular :D

[@TheJhtlag]

I'm thinking South Mountain was part of a much older volcanic orageny more like 500mya.

[@nancytestani1470]

@E Van ha…lol…

[@MatthewChenault]

You should do a video on the Blue Ridge Mountains. As a geologic feature, they are fairly interesting by having a long history while also containing some of the highest peaks along the east coast, such as Mount Mitchell.

[@chrisspicemonger503]

Thank you! I here in Rockland County in New York. Such a great geologic area!

[@jamessanford1563]

Thanks for teaching me something new. I live next to the Palisades. Nice to know how it formed. Love the channel. Keep up the good work!

[@mwcdx]

Dont let these shills do the thinking for you. They rule out all scientific facts to meet their conclusion.

[@leiag201]

learning about the Earth in geologic time never gets old. only the narrators voice does

[@gazorpazorp9798]

Just went hiking in the Palisades on mother’s day. Great video!

[@davebartosh5]

Nice! I see you took my suggestion for a video. Super! I grew up hiking around these cliffs.

[@Padoinky]

Palisades Parkway heading south is a cool drive - you are heading south towards NYC and it’s hugely bright metropolitan area…. As you drive south from Rockland county NY into Bergan County NJ, you reach a peak in the landscape where all of a sudden the lights of the NY metro area are before you… I still recall the awestruck feeling when cresting that ridge

[@Cliffwalkerrockhounding]

Great explanation of flood basalts. Thank you for the information!

[@lydiafife8716]

Most interesting as usual Thank you!!!!! 🙏🙏🙏

[@HeartlandTuber]

If you take an AmTrak train up the Hudson River valley, you get to see the Hudson River Valley Palisades. As I recall, tracks run up the eastern side, and the Palisades cliffs are on the west side.

[@holyworrier]

The Montrealer? That’s a lovely train ride. Along the river and then Lake Champlain.

[@HeartlandTuber]

@@holyworrier We were actually on AmTrak from New York to northern Indiana, we got off at South Bend, train goes on to Chicago. I think they called it the Lake Shore Limited.

[@massivecumshot]

Yeah, it's the Montrealer. Beautiful ride. In the 70s, I hobo'd on a freight train going up the WESTERN side of the Palisades, but the scenery is much better on the eastern

[@divi2747]

The palisades cliffs begin right around the George Washington Bridge. That train ride kept me as close to sane as i get, getting out of manhattan and up to cold spring to walk in the woods. walk around in the woods all day, go to a local restaurant for dinner, get back on the metro north (for me, not amtrack) and nap all the way into grand central. But the views across the river north of the GWB! There are trails through there, from the GWB to Albany(maybe), the Long Path, it's called. There's a set of stairs cut into the cliffside that becomes a switch back trail down to the hudson, carpentar's trail....very fond memories.

[@Simonjose7258]

If you're ever in Manhattan, I highly recommend hiking Inwood Park. It's the only old growth forest left and you can tell. Tulip trees the size of small Redwoods. And there's a spot overlooking the River and right up the Hudson where you get a clear view of the Palisades. Unless you press towards the edge, you can't see the highway below and it's breathtaking! You're surrounded by old forest high up on a hill, with that view. It's amazing.

[@joanhoffman3702]

Growing up in Queens, I learned about the glacial history of the NYC area, but wasn’t aware of the volcanic one. Thanks! I learned something new today! 🙂

[@loscheiner]

From Long Island… you’re bringing me back to my 8th grade earth science regents test 😆

[@jenniferc9669]

Pretty spot! Love you pointing out of flood basalt in Paterson. Those cliffs and the 'castle' on them is such a under rated spot. Right there with the Passaic Falls

[@iAncientOne]

Passaic Falls, second only to Niagara in height! It’s another awesome NJ spot.

[@josephpadula2283]

2nd in height East of the Mississippi. Plenty higher out here on the Columbia gorge!

[@iAncientOne]

@@josephpadula2283 yes you are right, I forgot that part. I stand corrected.

[@webdbbt]

I've lived in NY City and NJ my whole life and didn't know about this. I love how the Palisades frame the Hudson. Thanks for this clear explanation!

[@mwcdx]

Its a Disney story tale backed by some truth to give it creditability. They throw out all the facts and science to fit their circular thinking.

[@ETBrenner]

I grew up in Nyack NY, with the Palisades in my backyard. Lots of childhood memories of those beautiful cliffs, and it's fascinating to learn more about the geology that produced them. I'd love to hear you do more stories about the ancient geological history of the American East/Adirondacks/Appalachians - what little I've picked up as a very amateur enthusiast has intrigued me. Thanks!

[@Francescathecat]

I grew up in West Nyack in the 60's & 70's...always loved the beauty& geology of the area!

[@Sphynx93rkn]

Mass extinction events are my favourite topic. Keep it coming, I'd love to hear about those from your perspective.

[@CTP1111]

so interesting I always wondered about these, for a future topic can you explain how Lake Tahoe was formed? I know it was volcanic but hard to find the details

[@TD_JR]

Have you done vids on the Finger Lakes and Niagara Escarpment? Like the Pallisades, NY has some interesting geology.

[@edwardspaccarelli5944]

I’ve been waiting for this topic. 👏👏👏👏

[@holyworrier]

Very interesting. The crest of the ridge in Montclair offers a great view of Manhattan.

[@edwardfletcher7790]

That was really interesting, thank you 👍

[@ZebaKnight]

These programs are so enjoyable - and so informative. I grew up near East Rock, which is next to New Haven, CT. East Rock was formed by a process similar to that of the Palisades at about the same time. It too is part of a trap rock ridge. I learned all of this because great geology videos like this one made me curious about that singular geological feature. I looked it up just last week. Thank you for expanding our minds! I literally look at the world differently.

[@penelopelopez8296]

I used to live in New York and saw the Palisades….it’s awesome.

[@quietone748]

My Dad told me about this when I was a kid, living in NJ. When we drove north, we took the Palisades Parkway and he'd tell me we were driving over lava. Gave a whole new context to the thought "The Floor is Lava" :)

[@ElBantosClips]

I've recently discovered that geology is fucking lit

[@rolfkaiser3183]

Excellent hiking along the Palisades, if you have a chance, and are capable, do it..... Fall is beautiful, but take caution because of fallen leaves.

[@iAncientOne]

The hikes along the Hudson at the bottom of the Palisades are equally wonderful!

[@KarenUntz]

Nice formations. Recently watched Nick Zenter in Washington State show something similar.

[@Godwinpounds4333]

Hello dear how are you doing?

[@edwardlulofs444]

Great video. I learned a lot. I have long wondered about the Palisades although I have never been there. They are quite famous.

[@Travlinmo]

Thanks. I used to hike and climb in this region and enjoyed the background into the interesting landscape.

[@smokingstrong]

im from north jersey and i love geography/geology and i knew there was volcanic activity in my area but could find anything on the internet saying so thanks for the knowledge

[@BrilliantDesignOnline]

Super cool overlaid graphics to show the extents of the features. Great vid.

[@claudiahansen4938]

This is fascinating. I lived in NY and Montclair, NJ, and took a class at Montclair State, but never knew about this. Thank you!

[@kwgm8578]

Hello there, Hub. (I don't know your first name. Mine is Phil, although my KZbin name doesn't contain any of this letters. Another story for another day.) I'm a little confused. Mid-video you mention and display a chunk of the large-grain plutonic rock Diabase running from Bound Brook to Ramsey, N.J. Locally, near it's southern end this outcrop is known as the "Watchung Mountains," while further north this formation intersects with the "Ramapo Mountains" where it crosses the Ramapo Valley named after the river that cut through the outcrop after the last ice age. In the end of your video, you close eastward, back at the Hudson River Palisades that border the Hudson River from Jersey City north to Ossining, N.Y., site of the famous prison. Here's my question. Are the "Watchung Mountains," and Hudson River Palisades, as well as the bedrock under Manhattan and the granites that appear in Central Park all part of the same post-Triassic flood volcanics? Thank you again for sharing your geologic knowledge.

[@donnywilliams6035]

I live in this area on the New York side of the river.Thank you for that history lesson.

[@Shaden0040]

CAn you discuss the magma intrusion beneath the Connecticut river valley in northern New England? thank you.

[@ZebaKnight]

I just read as much as I could find about this on the Web. It's an interesting story!

[@spedrun]

Saw this a while back. Absolutely magnificent

[@LtNduati]

This is so cool!. My mom was born and raised in Montclair, NJ and my sister got her B/S in Molecular Biology at Montclair state before going to Newark School of Medicine. I had an "interesting" 7th grade earth science teacher who said there was no history of volcanic activity in NJ at any point including the land that would become NJ from pangea, by then I knew that was a preposterous statement, but it's amazing to learn that it absolutely was possible. The problem with calling out a smart student is when they'll do their own homework to give to the teacher. For reference, I asked for a seismograph that year for christmas and I actually got one too! (Not a super good one, but one nonetheless)

[@briefcandle]

I live right smack in the middle of all of this in northeastern NJ. It's really stunning!

[@davidabbott9417]

Are the Palisades in similar to Connecticut ancient volcanic activity then. Where I live near Sleeping Giant in Southern CT, it's history showed that it also was formed by magma that never broke the surface.

[@donaldbucher472]

I talk about the palisades every year multiple times in my earth science classes. This video I will show my students from now on.

[@marypatten9655]

thank you for this information

[@stage6fan475]

Trivial Information: There was a New Jersey 'Palisades Park' way back, which was inspiration for old Chuck Barris song.

[@RailRide]

I had long known that the Palisades were of volcanic origin, but the part about their being a conduit to distant flood basalts is new to me,. Living about three blocks from Cameron's Line (and maybe a mile from the Mosholu Fault) in The Bronx, I must have found those two features much more interesting as I found out about them much later on.

[@iAncientOne]

I grew up close to there and spent many a wonderful day there even getting a job for a number of years. It’s an amazing place!

[@heatherdavison6535]

love your clips

[@jasonbiskie672]

Hi Geology Hub! I love your channel and have been watching it for months. I posted this i a previous video just a few minutes ago so I'm repeating here. Would you do a video on ancient Southern California volcanos and fields? We have em! Our area isn't so dead either! Ive learned following are approximately 10 million years old: Conejo Volcanics, Temecula Volcanics with an eroded putative cinder cone and can seen from google earth including a flow displaced 200 feet on the canyon wall (USGS is a different name pre 1970s I would rather not repeat here and i will provide in private message if asked), the Glendora volcanics what appears to be related Dacite Dikes on Mt San Antonio (Mt Baldy), and a 500 Sq mile basalt flow near Temecula Ca wine country that is heavily eroded with columar basalt viaible on is on the tops of the Temecula coastal range from Mesa de Burro to the top of Mt Elsinore. There are also hogback near Murrieta that are an inverted valley and basalt capped hill with a flow different than the other surrounding flows, and the soil here is made up of the eroded basalt (Murrieta soil). More exciting was basalt was found at depth with a new Kaiser Permanente built near Murrieta (eco impact report) also basalt flows found under the City of Lake Elsinore at 6,000 feet for an exploratory drill hole about 10 miles to the north west. The Temecula Tough itself is a graben that appears to have semi recent sporadic volcanic activty in several places the past 10 million years. Interestingly enough, the area also has some of the warmest hotsprings in California. Murrieta hot springs itself is 130f, on a fault, and sulfuric. And finally a 140-160 million year old ring dyke complex called the Paloma Valley Ring Complex that appears to have two separate intrusions with one appearing to be related calderon substance with magmatic stopping you can see on the surface right off the road in the center of the complex right in the center of that field near Murrieta/Temecula.

[@TheDanEdwards]

He's done some videos on Southern California.

[@Dragrath1]

There have been a number of videos on California volcanoes generally to my knowledge most of the California volcanism is linked to extensional terrain with the foci of activity being Mono-Inyo volcanic chain associated with the Sierra microplate while the otehr side has the Salton buttes a series of young rhyolitic lava domes which he has covered before. Ther ehas also been a video on the death valley volcanism if I remember correctly as well.

[@drbobby111]

Thank you so much for covering a topic I suggested to you! During my field trips in geology while in college, I was fascinated to know how cataclysmic the creation of the Palisades sill was! Was it a sudden intrusion generating massive tectonic manifestations or was it a slow feed of magma from below? The New York City area is loaded with metamorphic gems of Manhattan schist, Inwood marble and granite. Fault lines cover the area, notably seen in the 125th street and Broadway depression forcing the subway to become elevated at that point. Again, thank you for responding to my request. You are doing fine work!

[@heatherdeavalon]

I look forward to your videos. I always learn something new. Question... ant idea what is happening near Svalbard?

[@rhuephus]

what are some of the cataclysmic events that cause the magnetic poles to switch, which has happened several times in the past few billion earth years (as we know it)

[@TheDanEdwards]

"magnetic poles to switch" - the magnetic poles are always moving. The reversals are not the result of cataclysmic events.

[@adamc1966]

Would like to see an hour long video on this subject. 🌋🌎

[@nickruisi5569]

The Adirondack Uplift! There is so little available re: what's going on down there...

[@jasonreed7522]

I second this, i love these mountains and they have some very very old rocks that are on their second uplift. (Were a mountain range, got flattened,had a layer of cambrian sandstone form, got uplifted, then erroded by glaciers, end result being the most beautiful geography in the country)

[@nickruisi5569]

@@jasonreed7522 And, all of the literature that I could find on the internet suggests that they're still uplifting. And, something about the isotopic ratios in the gasses in Saratoga Springs' springs suggesting a mantle origin. It seems a bit more active up here than I was led to believe at first. :)

[@williamsparks1521]

Excellent information

[@michaelsheffield6852]

Fascinating we can time travel like this

[@JanSolo555]

I have a strange question. I grew up in San Diego County in California. As a child, my window faced Mount San Miguel (aka San Miguel Mountain) which is the tallest mountain in the county. I’ve been trying to find out how this mountain was formed. Since this is probably only of interest to me, of course I don’t expect you to do a video. However, I have been look at geological maps of the area to try to figure out what the mountain is made of. (It actually looks like a shield volcano.) I can’t make heads or tails of the maps. Can you do a video about geological maps?

[@13eanh12]

Mount San Miguel, according to the geologic map in the "Geology Toolkit" App is part of the Santiago Peak Volcanics. So it is indeed made of volcanic rock, that should be from the early Cretaceous period. Because of the high age i think it is difficult to say if this place really was the location of a central volcano because of the large amounts of erosion, but it should atleast be somewhat close to the location of volcanic eruptions from that time.

[@TheDanEdwards]

"(aka San Miguel Mountain) which is the tallest mountain in the county" - According to Wikipedia Mount San Miguel is " 84th highest peak in San Diego County". But Mt. San Miguel is the highest point near the city of San Diego, so that is why you see all those towers on top. Ok, a bit pedantic of me, but we need to put the County's mountains in perspective. San Diego County mountains are plutons (i.e., intrusive igneous rock, not extrusive (erupting surface of a volcano)) that date from the end of the Jurassic and the beginning of the Cretaceous. There are a few surviving sub-marine volcano remnants in the county (see up in Rancho Santa Fe area, parts of La Mesa, etc.) but they are now worn down to mere hills. Recent work suggests these submarine volcanos and then slightly later plutons formed during plate subduction, of oceanic plates. San Diego County, like so much of the western part of North America, is an "exotic terrane", parts of Earth's crust that were added to North America as the continent moved westward. Your Mount San Miguel is a pluton that thus started out life as a magma chamber (there were probably volcanos on top of it, now long eroded away). Over time it was elevated and eroded. Published research on Mt. San Miguel details the complex history, from volcanic formation, to erosion and creation of some greenschist, then to a later (mid-Cretaceous) intrusion of a granitic (probably more accurately granodiorite) pluton.

[@enochlove]

That was incredible!! Would love to hear about red river gorge in Kentucky. Mammoth cave isn’t far from there either

[@davepetr]

I've walked that cliff face near Montclair State many times at Mills Reservation. I never knew anything about its geologic history. Thanks for doing this video!

[@mwcdx]

Hate to be the one to break the bad news but this vid just made you dumber. There is absolutely NO proof what so ever to prove this fairy tale they are shoving down your throat. It is still to this day a THEARY and nothing less.

[@PedroGuilhermeSchneider]

Is this event you narrated connected to the Paraná traps that flooded through South America and Africa by that time. I heard that rock formations in Namibia and Brazil are closely connected by such event.

[@adriennefloreen]

I grew up in New Jersey and this area is what made me interested in geology and botany. When I was 16 I went there with my friends to go on a hike and I got some rocks I still have and a plant. I grew the plant in New Jersey and took it with me to California, it is called mock strawberry (potentilla indica) and it is still growing in my yard, and I just tuned 39, isn't that cool?

[@ff75]

You can walk many paths in Garret Mountain park and Rifle Camp Park. Thats the area north of Montclair state University. Where the range meets rt46 used to be the "Cliff" of Clifton, but over many years it was quarried hundreds of feet down and is now a condo complex. You can park near the observatory in Rifle Camp and walk south to where the condo complex is located and get a great view of the rock wall that surrounds the complex. If you look around you can find preserved in the wall footprints of dinosaurs and other life, plus evidence of the conditions following the Triassic-Jurassic wipeout of half of the planet's life forms amid volcanic activity you talk about. To get a really good look at the cross section of the mountain range theres an excellent view of the basalt on two mountain ridges when you drive down rt280 in West Orange. On the north side of the highway there is a large area of basalt columns that run from the road all the way up.

[@joearnold6881]

Flood basalt eruptions are so scary. I hope they don’t happen again any time soon

[@CYCLONE4499]

Used to see those everyday on my way into work back in the day. Looks way more impressive up close.

[@lemmdus2119]

I used to hike the Catskill Mt and would find fossils of seashells. Could you please talk about the formation of the Catskill Mountains just north of The Pallisades

[@thelakeman5207]

There's basalt cliffs like this that surround Meriden in central Connecticut. The cliffs are dramatic and you can see Long Island Sound to the south and Northhampton Mass. to the north. Some of the best hiking in New England!

[@raffriff42]

I was told in the 1970's that the cliffs were formed by retreating glaciers, and I believed it, until one minute ago. That "diabase" rock @1:00 is definitely volcanic-looking.

[@obsidianjane4413]

The cliffs were exposed by the glaciers.

[@DCRNLV]

Hi, dig all your stuff! A potential request: I've seen maps of early(er) Africa with a large nearly perfectly circular lake located in the continent's center (latitudinally). What were it's origins & what happened to it? I.E., Volcanic, Cosmic, eroded or evaporated away, catastrophically drained, etc? Tnx!

[@grantparajuli7115]

I'd like to request the rocky cliffs of the North Shore of Minnesota to Canada! I know there's magmatism and glaciers involved, but I don't know how! (There's even a spot there called Palisade head!)

[@bhadbhris]

“they might not look like much” well, they really look amazing

[@thattacogaming]

Liked for New York

[@davemehelas5053]

Great views of Manhattan from the Jersey cliffs.

[@baystated]

What effects do/did the river have on the Pallisades? Is the hudson a newcomer just following the existing cliffline? Did glaciers make it down this far south and leave their own marks?

[@conniead5206]

You can search for that info yourself. There are plenty of maps that show the estimated furthest reaches or the ice sheets on the Continents since Pangea broke up.

[@scottbruce40]

Please explore the origin and history of the John Day formation in Central Oregon. Thanks.

[@purplesky7893]

this is a amazing video. thank you so much. could you do a video that goes in depth about the volcanism in western Saudi Arabia

[@whyjnot420]

I am not ignorant of geology, I live around 3-4 hours from these, I have more than just a passing interest in the geology of this region and I can even remember hearing people mention their name. So I am somewhat disappointed in myself for not actually knowing what this formation is. >.< (or worse, forgetting what they are).

[@michaels7566]

To say the cliffs resulted from a mass extinction is inverted. The magma expelled at the surface caused the extinctions. Also, 200 million years ago was within the Mesozoic, not at the major mass extinction that defined the Paleozoic/Mesozoic boundary. Other than that, is was an interesting event that likely caused some extinctions.

[@Firestorm500]

I was hoping you’d make a video about the Palisades and the Watchung flood basalts someday as I live on one of the Watchungs! Also, the rock formations around the Palisades are fascinating as they break off in squares and rectangles. These rock formations are really prominent in the lookouts around Alpine, NJ. The only drawback from visiting those lookouts is that you might feel poor driving through Alpine since it’s a contender for richest town in the country 😂!

[@ferebeefamily]

Thank you for the video.

[@dougreed9843]

The palisades give a great view of. NY

[@gerrardjones28]

Interesting!

[@m4tt218]

Would love to see videos on the Denver area volcano remnants please. Mt Princeton, Green mountain/Table Mountains please. Thank you

[@Biohazord360]

Us Montana folks also have some palisades mountains in red lodge Montana. It’s our sky resort lol

[@joshhancock3163]

Could you do a video on Mary's peak in the Oregon coast range? I believe it's the tallest peak in this mountain range. Does this peak / mountain range have a volcanic history? Would love to see a video on this topic

[@joesmoe5690]

Interesting video! Ive always wondered what formed the Pictured Rocks on the coast of northern Michigan upper peninsula near Munising. I think its a state park.

[@aussiemanreacts]

Hey you should cover Carnarvon Range which is part of a belt of soft sandstone, the Consuelo Tableland. Location Queensland, Australia. My understanding is its uplifted sandstone that errored to form the gorge and then 20 million years ago it all got covered in lava. Due to the sandstone and being in central Australia, its got many natural springs and is essentially an oasis in the middle of QLD, humans have been coming there for millions of years and when you walk through the gorge today you can see large basalt remains and basalt stones in the creeks and floodways. You basically just have sand and sandstone and scattered igneous remnants. Anyway cool spot, interesting geological history.

[@lorihannon-theaker4660]

Have you ever done a video on the New Madrid Fault series of 1811/1812? Also, we have some very strange palisade formations along the Kentucky River between Jessamine and Garrard Counties.

[@luiszuluaga6575]

I grew up in upper Manhattan, directly across from the Palisades. I was always under the impression they were formed as a result of the receding glaciers but either way this is pretty cool stuff. 🤷🏻‍♂️😅

[@josephpadula2283]

Grew up living on the formation in Jersey City NJ. The rock faces are not as apparent As you get toward Bayonne. All the railroads going to NYC stopped at the harbor for ferries to the city but had to make cuts or tunnel through To get there.

[@jerseyjoyride1316]

Typical of media to leave out New Jersey in the title. The Palisades park in New Jersey is a great hiking trail!

[@doomoo5365]

That was a really interesting video but you didn't explain how the volcanic outcropping got uplifted did you?

[@bayersbluebayoubioweapon8477]

Could you do a video on flood basalts in Lake Superior?

[@applicareinc]

Does the Ramapo fault run parallel to the Palisades cliffs? If so please tell us about it. Thanks.

[@asteverino8569]

I am interested in the geology of "Jack Ass Dyke" It is near Florence Lake, California. I would climb it and camp near it in the 1970's. If you could make an episode or part of an episode about it. Thank you.

[@MsSecondself]

great topic, I just wish you would slow your delivery and work on eliminating the monotone

[@gr84all]

Is the Niagara Escarpment related to this event?

[@lilysceeliljeaniemoonlight]

Well done recalling species name I won't even bother right now, though excellent pronunciation!🙋🦉🌋🦉

[@boston_octopus]

What about the Helderberg Escarpment, that runs perpendicular to the Hudson River? Worth a video? Or how about the Adirondack dome, which is rising 2mm a year? Or the Gilboa fossil area north of the Catskills?