How did the Mongols Conquer China?

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How did the Mongols Conquer China?
The Mongol Empire. The imperial power has become a thing of fame around the globe as the home of the legendary Ghengis Khan.
When most people think of the Mongol Empire, they think of power, conquest, and of course, Ghengis Khan.
But not so often, some may ask how the Mongols managed to become synonymous with such words and legends. After all, this single empire managed to be the first to bring every inch of China - which was at that point made up of an amalgamation of separate entities - under the control of a foreign power. This feat would have been impressive in any case, but the gravity of the accomplishment is strengthened by the fact that the Mongol Empire faced a multitude of opponents and locally established dynasties that they managed to defeat in order to seize the entire region. So, how exactly did they manage to do this?...
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♦Music by Epidemic Sound
♦Sources :
Atwood, C. P. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire.
Goodrich, L. Carrington. A Short History of the Chinese People.
Man, John. Genghis Khan.
Shinno, Reiko. “The Mongol conquest and the new configuration of power, 1206-76”.
♦Script & Research :
Skylar Gordon
#History #Documentary #Mongol

[@micahistory]

This is the perfect example of how the enemy of your enemy isn't always your friend

[@googane7755]

You just need to know who the bigger enemy is

[@IamAWESOME3980]

your friends until your enemies fall

[@jinskyjoyous]

before this, China allied with Jin to eliminate Liao. Jin was a friend (enemy of Liao), then became the biggest enemy. Almost identical story.

[@MrPataca1000]

所以我们中国人的历史时刻提醒我们不要相信那些北方人

[@benlam496]

If it’s age of 3 kingdom, Son Quan would aid the Jin in fighting Mongolians, after defeating the Mongolian army, he would turn his back to fight the Jin with the weaker Mongolian troops. After Jin is done might face the Mongolian head on

[@parallel38]

Given how many decades it took them to take China who was right next to them vs how easy it took them to breeze through to Central Asia-Europe really showed how strong China was.

[@YJSP893]

however Song China had the weakest military... It had talented generals, but the emporor limited them so bad many times, Song China almost had a chance to take back lands but all oppotunities are lost

[@bankrob9941]

mongol was the tributary state of jin dynasty. jin basiclly bully mongol for long time until mongol united

[@bot01020]

@@bankrob9941 mongol wasn’t a thing before genghis khan, the Jin dynasty has minor tribes under them, but some how one man is able to unit all of it

[@afdalridwan3813]

@@bot01020 the Sima family who rule Jin for 1000 years was just causing Suffers for Xiongnu tribes(Mongol's also)untuk Main character born named Chingghis

[@user-qt3ms8zs6j]

Ehhh, Central asia just didn't have any centralised powers and its one of the least densely populated region of the world

[@diegomendez5646]

Absolutely magnificent. Please don't stop making these amazing content :)

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

"Pride and excess bring disaster for man" - Xunzi

[@prrfrrpurochicas]

Love that you covered this topic and such other topics.

[@ty814]

It took great khans Genghis Khan, Ugodei Khan, Gayuk Khan , Mongke Khan and the last Kublai Khan (Nominal) various decades to conquer entire China using their military might. It shows how hard was to conquer China.

[@zheng1437]

When we said the Mongol had 100 thousand armies, they really do have a hundred thousand armies that can fight. They settle camps anywhere they like and hunt the wild animals when they want to eat. When you said that the Chinese had 400 thousand armies, 80% of them are administrative, food transporters and units that do not fight. They bring and transport their own food to war. So it is only about 100 thousand armies that cannot fight as well as the Mongols.

[@shiwuli5496]

不完全是这样吧(๑ت๑)

[@PrabirKrPal]

The Jin empire alone mobilised an army of a million (900,000 infantry and 100,000 cavalry) to fight against the mongols, but they were decimated by the mongols because of there superior mobility and tactics.

[@sergiovastano5422]

Numbers alone don't won wars.When the Mongols fought,they put an entire army ready to fight. When the Jin called for war,the dressed as soldiers peasants and commoners. Having the outfit of a warrior doesn't make you into a real soldier. That's the difference. We must also say that the Jon had a professional militia and army as well,but Mongola were simply stronger.

[@leitgongao6558]

Mobility is another important thing. Actually Jin won many battles against the Mongols. But when Mongols lose, they can always retreat without big casualty. When Jin loses, they usually lose the entire army.

[@PrabirKrPal]

@@leitgongao6558 Ghengis Khan's mongols didn't lose any battles against the Jin. But they lost quite a number of battles against the Song.

[@PrabirKrPal]

Genghis Khan united the mongol tribes to protect Mongolia from outside threats. But he ended up making the biggest land empire in history.

[@michaelcooper9422]

Second great britian had the biggest

[@michaelcooper9422]

@@StandTallFortress i know in which britian still held the most land at its peak.

[@michaelcooper9422]

@@StandTallFortress take that back im wrong lol.

[@DrDoomsd]

@@StandTallFortress British invaded almost every country in the world. They defeated the central powers, Napoleon and the Axis powers. They defeated the Dutch, Spain and Swedes. They also subdued India and china. Apart from all the technological and political innovations they brought. You must be crazy

[@shafqatishan437]

@@michaelcooper9422 he said land empire not colonial empire.

[@Himmel-nh5ws]

Interesting fact: When Kublai Khan was about to conquer the Southern Song Dynasty (China),he became emperor of China.And changed the Mongol Empire into the Yuan Dynasty, China.China has successfully survived in this way

[@moozillamoo2109]

That's just for the enslaved. Mongols didn't believe in this nonsense, as they ruled mostly from Mongolia. Bug apparently you do.

[@hiyukelavie2396]

​@@moozillamoo2109 But they did Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty became so Chinese that they were rejected by the other Mongols

[@ganbatmunkhtur9048]

@@hiyukelavie2396 not rejected due to being too chinese but they backed different people in the civil war. And killing of Most of Oguudei lineage is what made Tului lineage or Khublai khan rejected by other Mongol khanate. if you read into the history of Chingis khaans 4 sons family it's so clear.

[@smartwatcherss5718]

The mongols became Chinese in the End

[@dingleberry4234]

@@smartwatcherss5718anyone who tried to conquer them did 😅

[@austinreed5805]

The Rise of the Mongol Empire is one of the greatest conquests in human history.

[@t3rm715]

Clearly you've never heard of Alexander the Great

[@ASh-oe9hm]

@@t3rm715 and you surely you've never heard about Alexander the fake is not real lol

[@thesoupmills1426]

@@ASh-oe9hm the fuck does that even mean

[@michaelbohlen4762]

@@t3rm715 Alexander the Great's conquests were meager compared to the Mongols. Alexander inherited a professional army, one of the first of its kind during the time period, from his father Phillip. Ghenghis Khan united the nomadic tribes of Mongolia, made them a professional army, and conquered a greater landmass.

[@connor4955]

Both did great things. Plus, both lived at different time periods. What does this mean? different technology, different military tactics that worked and things like that. Also I can’t believe I have to say this but Alexander the Great ONE HUNDRED PERCENT IS REAL.. @A Sh There are non-Greek, Babylonian texts mentioning him in Iran. Plus Zoroastrian texts as well. Stop being blinded by nationalism and take the time to look up facts. I get you love your country but you can’t deny an event happened, especially when people of that region at the time fighting Alexander are saying he was there.

[@ScribaeEducantum]

Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines, practiced every day. Jim Rohn

[@rj5848]

If mongols failed in conquering Xixia then mongols would never have gained confidence to conquer other lands and therefore we wont have the largest continuous empire this huge

[@googane7755]

He likely still would've expanded into central asia and would've used that to attack the western xia from multiple angles repeatedly until they submitted. That kingdom was not destined to survive due to its poor geography.

[@Belioyt]

I think if the Mongols did establish their empire, another group of people would have

[@mint8648]

@@Belioyt no

[@mint8648]

@Patrick Swan but mongols were an outlier. it’s not normal to conquer such a vast territory within 100 years during the middle ages

[@mint8648]

@Patrick Swan only british, russian empires can compare with the size of the mongol empire. the next largest empire, the qing, doesn’t even come close to half what the mongol empire ruled.

[@davinciboimusic]

My heart breaks knowing how the little Song Emperor was thrown off the cliff to his death when the Mongols besieged their land... Much love to the Song Dynasty!

[@mukhtarsyajaratun1025]

The benefits of the Mongols conquering China are massive, they've got skilled Chinese engineers that can build siege weapon, gunpowder, large wealth and gained many talented/skillful people around China. Its like Britain when they finally conquered India, which played a big part in the empire

[@cs-mi8ur]

Britain conquered india with Indian banker money, same can't be said about the Mongols.

[@mint8648]

@@cs-mi8ur and then they used that money to buy indians to fight for them

[@cs-mi8ur]

@@mint8648 yes and the bankers profited greatly. Few of those families still have a large wealth though they maintain obscurity. Even in the 7 years war they loaned a huge amt to the British.

[@mukhtarsyajaratun1025]

@@cs-mi8ur are the Indian currency at that time powerful compared to the British one?

[@cs-mi8ur]

@@mukhtarsyajaratun1025 gold and silver were the most valuable of any currency.Indian bankers were to the southern,central Asia and arab peninsula in 18th century what the rothschild were to Europe in the 19th century.

[@elijahjohnson601]

Thanks for this video!

[@MrTTuguldur]

Mongols had genius military leaders that was born from the harsh time that made them tough and hardy people.

[@TheSuperhoden]

That does make you a good general. They were good because they got promoted on quality and not inheritance

[@clezploo2373]

Yeah subutai is best general world history

[@TheSuperhoden]

@@clezploo2373 why? Hamical went undefeated against the roman empire during the first punic war while being completely isolated, after the war he conquered Spain. His son spent 20 years isolated and unbeaten in Italy. Amongst other accomplishments. Oda nobunaga had some of world's most amazing victories, including beating a 30.000 strong army with a 3.000 strong army and he did it in an open battlefield. Or Fredrick from Prussia who fought Russia, Austria, France and a lot of minor nations at the same time being extremely outnumbered. Or prince Eugene of savoy, even Napoleon called him the best at some point. Or Charlemagne, "the father of europe" who basically created a massive empire covering half of Europe out of nothing. Or Saladin, the one who allowed islam to conquer half the world and who beat the Christian armies. Or tamerlane, who started from nothing, with a handful of men and he basically conquered all from nowdays turkey to the border of China. Or Maurice of nassau, he allowed a nation of 1.000.000 people to fight against the greatest empire at the moment, the Spanish empire. And they won after 80 years. So many generals who can also be the greatest. And then we havent even covered Aztec or inca generals or some of the leading figures to fight colonists like Tecumseh. Calling one the greatest is the definition of arrogance.

[@darrenjunior3576]

@@TheSuperhoden that is very true my friend. Spot on!

[@panchokuan]

Actually, historic official documents showed the Song knew they should aid Jin instead of corporating with mongols but the Song people refused to do so after many years war. And who raised aidding Jin in the court were attacked by political opponents…which left Song no choice as Jin would be conquered by mongols anyway.

[@brokenbridge6316]

A nicely informative video. Details pretty well how the Mongols were able to do what they did.

[@alparslankorkmaz2964]

Nicely explained.

[@mayazmahmud1740]

a really great topic to watch before using hui hui pao on song dynasty in Age of Empires 4

[@AXXXOLO]

lmao the chinese literally thought they could use the mongols to deal with their enemies and then just simply deal with the mongols later

[@Emilechen]

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan to be fair, Chinese deal with thr Mongols much better than many nations, at least Song Dynasty managed to killed thr Mongol emperor Mongke Khan in Diaoyu siege, dute to his death, Great Mongol Empire splits into four Khanates,

[@eee9034]

@@Emilechen and one of that khagnates ruled over china, right?

[@thetkyaw6201]

@@eee9034 Yes and adopted the chinese tradition

[@alvaro701]

@@Emilechen The Kanates exist since the creation of the Mongols empire. The Mongols split into different kingdom because of the push of Kublai khan against the elect Great Khan. Shame on him!

[@auburntiger6829]

@@alvaro701 To be fair, most folks would’ve done the same. Kublai Khan did most of the dirty work of conquest in China, and what did the elected khan do? Why would you freely hand over someone something you worked so hard for over night, right? You would most likely take what you and your men fought and died for and keep it.

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

Nice going, Genghis! I bet that will last, a long time- *COLLAPSES*

[@miliba]

Glorious Leader Kim!

[@lolsmo395]

shutup kim

[@Sovnarkom]

glorious leader posts glorious comment. Lol and Mongolia!

[@googane7755]

Longer than Alexander's

[@kalebloshbough1551]

Did your sister allow you to write that

[@ElBandito]

The exact video I was looking for. :)

[@Internut1985]

Mongols used Southern China against Northern China (Jurchens ) and when they succeeded they flip the script and used the North against the South. So basically the Chinese helped defeat each other. In fact during the wars , the Han Chinese banners who fought for the Mongols outnumbered the actual Mongols

[@XuerLi]

You are right, the major commanders sent by Yuan to conquer Southern Song were northern Chinese and even some defected southern Chinese generals, like Zhang Hongfan, Shi Tianze, because China is a culturally diverse vast land and peoples do not have a common national identity.

[@Internut1985]

@@XuerLi thank you ! And vice versa. The Southern Song helped the Mongols fight the “hated “ Jin dynasty in the North. Chinese history is fascinating. I am also very intrigued by the struggle between the settled “civilized” Chinese and the a “barbarian” nomads (Mongols, Turks ) . Greetings from Somalia 🇸🇴

[@kentneiljumao-ascandido2409]

divided and conquer

[@user-qwertyuiopasdfghj]

Northern China is not Jurchen just conquered by Jurchens. At that time Jurchens and Song are enemies. Song hated Jurchens more than the mongols and always try to take back its old home territory aka central plain.

[@sideriteadamantium4300]

Back then, people did not have a strong conception of race or ethnicity. Also contrary to popular perceptions, the Mongols were not particularly brutal towards the Chinese. Most deaths in China occurred due to famine and disease (Black Death) during the Yuan dynasty

[@sixtails-]

china did fall to mogolian eventually, but it took them 48 years to conquest. There were none a single country could hold on a resist against the mongolian that long, most of them fell within 2 months

[@PrabirKrPal]

Just think, Khwarezmian Empire, was one of the strongest Empires at that time, with the cities of Urgench and Nishapur being some of the wealthiest cities of the world. But even with all that the Empire fell to the Mongols in three short years.

[@SzHo-lz1rl]

And this was based on the fact that China itself was in a state of division at that time. Otherwise, it would be impossible to be conquered so easily.

[@micahistory]

you got to admire just how impressive the Mongol army was

[@scintillam_dei]

The Mongol Empire: "Knock knock." Dai Viet: "Who's there?" The Mongol Empire: "The mothertickling MONGOL EFFIN EMPIRE BEEATCH!" Dai Viet: "Oh. It's you. Go away." The Mongol Empire: "Are you DEAF!?" Dai Viet: "No. Yu is blind." The Mongol Empire: "I'm not blind. YOU blind!" Dai Viet: "That is what I just said!" The Mongol Empire: "You just said what!?" Dai Viet: "Exactly." The Mongol Empire: "All right, I'm tired of playing games! Prepare yourself to DIE!!!" Dai Viet: "Can't say Dai Viet without 'die'.... oh... wait!" The Mongol Empire: "You just jinxxed yourself, boi!" Dai Viet: "Whatever. Come at me with your best shot." The Mongol Empire: "My nerves are nervous from WRATH!" DIE!" Dai Viet: "Haha! You died in a filthy SWAMP!" ... oh... wait!" The Mongol Empire: "You got lucky thi time. NEXT TIME NOT!" Dai Viet: "Blah blah blah. Get lost!" The Mongol Empire: "I'm back!" Dai Viet: "Ha! You died in a stinkin' cesspool swamp AGAIN!" The Mongol Empire: "You have short-term memory. Stop dissing your country!" Dai Viet: "I have hordes of mosquitoes. You cannot defeat me!" The Mongol Empire: "Third time's a charm! OUr arrows will blot out the SUN TSU! See what I did there?" Dai Viet: "No. I' told you I'm blind. Regardles, we shall fight in the SHADE!" The Mongol Empire: "WAAAAAAAAAAA!!! WE DONE DIED A-GIN!!!!" Tune in next episode for when the mothertickling Mongol EFFIN Empire knocks on Egypt's door!

[@carlneoh5843]

@@scintillam_dei meanwhile Japan: typhoon go brr

[@NightPhoenix.Y]

They were impressive militarilly mainly due to them excepting help from other ppl in their war efforts .wana break chinese walls recruit chinese ppl, wana move to and invade russia ally with the local nomads, wana make siege on european castles get some turkish engineers to built trebuchets.

[@micahistory]

@@scintillam_dei lol

[@bobafettman6941]

@@scintillam_dei Bro the Mongol Empire was a hollow shell of what it was when it tried taking Vietnam. 4- factors Disadvantage #1-Mongols wore heavy fur and in humid swamps with mosquitos and disease, considering the fact they come from cold climate it didn’t work in their favor Disadvantage #2-No clue of the region Disadvantage #3- No Genghis Khan Disadvantage #4- Mongol armies sent to Vietnam was only a small platoon and also shell of the what the empire once was If any one of those disadvantage was never there Vietnam sandal warriors would have easily gotten steam rolled like a dumpling 😂 Imagine sending the armies of the Four Khanates during its might to Vietnam 😂 Lol Viets think they tough because God gave them an inhospitable regional advantage. Viet: “We tough because of Jungle” Wait what if you don’t have jungle then what? Put a Viet on a flat plane of grass and let him fight a Mongolian, I wanna see who wins 😂 The Mongolian would use the Viet as his personal toothpick when he’s on his daily high protein diet Mongolian would look like a bodybuilder and the Viet would look like a malnourished child 😂🤣🤣🤣

[@cianmannion1752]

Im early yay love the videos and the lore learn more than i ever did in school

[@maxsheng8215]

The song Chinese fought well against the Mongols. Until the Mongols brought Trebuchet from the middle east to break their city walls at xiang yang. A major city on the Yangtze River.

[@tongmu5881]

Mongolia is a historical accident. In 100 years, three powerful nomadic empires have emerged in the grasslands of northern China. The Han people (Song) lost the Great Wall and cavalry (horse-producing area) in continuous wars with them. After the rise of Mongolia, the army that concentrated in Arabia, Central Asia, and Europe destroyed Song in the war of attrition. (One city was besieged for forty years before surrendering). This is unique among nomads.

[@User1754]

Many people don't understand how brutal the mongol empire was, If you were in china, or india. or other countries out there that were at war with the mongols at the past, You would see MOUNTAINS of dead bodys, heads on sticks. Its depressing

[@alvaro701]

Same with Europeans, Muslims Or Chinese. The world was brutal, at least the Mongols gave you an opportunity

[@PrabirKrPal]

It's simple really, the mongols give their enemy two choices- 1) Surrender and you will be treated fairly and equally, and be part of the greater mongol empire. 2) Refuse, and your entire culture and city will be destroyed root and stem.

[@User1754]

@@PrabirKrPal Correct

[@fybrogen7473]

@@PrabirKrPal Those are like 2 choices you give to a kid having tantrum. One of the choices is the one you control, and the other one you benefit.

[@joshuacondell1686]

Was no different from medieval European armies.

[@history_people]

Exelent animation, thanks

[@vlacko]

Wanyan Yongji here 3:47 made the GREATEST MISTAKE of his life

[@Usausausahkhk]

Note that Mongol swept through Asia to Europe in 10 years, yet at the time of Gengis Khan’s death, he could only conquer the smallest Kingdom of Xixia of China. The City of Xiang Yan stood in front of the Mongol seige for 10 years and the City of Diaoyu Shan was never captured. It was at Diaoyu Shan that Monge Khan was killed by the Song army. Mongolian conquest of China took more than seven decades of a deeply split country, and in nearly 50 years Mongols were fighting Song Dynasty. This illustrates the fact often neglected in Western history book: the East had been militarily more advanced than the West until the rise of the colonial empires. That was the reason why China defeated the Huns, and the Huns defeated Rome. And China conquered the Turks and the Turks defeated the Byzantines. But the table turned gradually in favor of the West since the 16th century, when different elements of the modern society was born in the West. In the end the modern society took over the Earth.

[@froglifes6829]

Thats not true. The Mongol empire tried to invade Europe but was pushed out because the Europeans were too powerful and advanced... They lost a whole army of 30k people against Croatia. Thats just one example. Go learn history. Also the Huns didnt defeat the Romans.. They had battles where yes the Romans did lose sometimes but the collapse of their empire was not because of the Huns. You have read too much propaganda

[@ttt9618]

@@froglifes6829 wrong. Subutai defeated Europe and Russia with just a scouting army lol. Your European pope, france, byzantine used to send gifts to Mongol khan hence maintaining diplomacy. But after Mongol empire split up Mongols became weak hence came there defeat but in height of power Mongols were the strongest.

[@froglifes6829]

@@ttt9618 Go learn history. There is a reason why the Mongols couldnt make it to central or western Europe... Because they were not advanced or strong enough. Again over 30k mongols lost to Croats... You can say am wrong but you cant change history ;) go back to school and study instead of being stupid. if the Mongols were strong in the first place the empire wouldnt split up.. The mongols stood no chance against Europeans. They could only make it to ukraine... Again go learn history.

[@giles4565]

@@ttt9618 The Venetian crossbow men and long bows of Central and western Europe were far more powerful and longer range than anything the Mongols had. They failed to conquire Europe because of this

[@Usausausahkhk]

@@froglifes6829 The Mongols did not go further into Europe because Gengis Khan died at He lan mountain in conquering Xixia, and the sons need to go back and elect the new great Khan. They did not go back because the weak resistance of the Europeans. Just go back and read how they sacked Kiev Russia and defeated Hungary. No real and serious history will say that the Mongol stopped because the Europeans pushed them back, despite the Europeans, especially the Hungarians fought bravely but got defeated. The second great Mongol expedition were called First Sons expedition. Again, the Egyptian Mamuluke victory, the only major victory against the Mongols was not the reason why the Mongols stopped. The Great Mongol Khan Monge was killed by Song firepower at Diaoyu Shan city. And Holaku khan was one of the candidates for the Great Khan and that was why he pulled army back to East Iran to seek the great khan position. Geghis Khan’s death in conquering Xiaxia and Monge Khan’s death in the war with Song were the reasons why the two Mongol western expedition stopped. By then, the Golden Horde Khandate was already at war with Holaku khan, and the Mongol civil war stopped the Mongols from further invasion into Europe. In the East, Diaoyu Shan city stood in front of the Mongol invaders for 36 years and did not fall. In comparison, the Western great cities usually fall in less than a week when facing a major invasion.

[@meghna6223]

Nice Video ^_^

[@micahistory]

it's crazy that the tiny Mongols were able to rule over such vast areas

[@numeron509]

Nice tale

[@micahistory]

@Ali Kılıç same

[@arolemaprarath6615]

@Ali Kılıç It didn't last a century but yes, they were very impressive. Greeks are the best!

[@kerriwilson7732]

These weren't "tiny" Mongols. These were all "life-sized".

[@micahistory]

@@kerriwilson7732 ok karen

[@cdab3192]

Nice work totally but some mistakes: 1,the appearance of the king of Xia and JINN is wrong,the video showed the clothes and hairstyle of Qing dynasty,the last chinese dynasty. 2,the position of Xiangyang is wrong. 3,the last battle between Song and Mongol empire happened in Yashan ,not Yamen

[@powerbar1981]

Song : We have Mandate of Heaven Jin : We have a lot princess and bribes Xia : We have Xia Xia Xia... Mongols : Good, we have Chinese Engineers, European engineers, Specialists technologies. Advanced!! XIA XIAXIA first... Me : They did attack Xia Xia Xia LOL!!!

[@rockyski2028]

The biggest part is a lots of Han army surrendered and joined Mongols troop. Mongols also used Chinese dynasty name YUAN (元) to be part of China.

[@FirstLast-di5sr]

3:55 I guess that guy never heard of the concept of an existential threat 😂

[@jrexx2841]

8:00 Ah yes, Mongke

[@scintillam_dei]

Mongke Khan was the recinarnation of a Chinese general. China conquered China. Not the Mongols. Genghis Khanwas the preincarnation of Mao Zedong, obviously.

[@sinoroman]

why did you choose those portraits for western xia and jurchen jin? those are qing pictures

[@NightPhoenix.Y]

yeah this 'documentary' is poorly written. Try this list instead kzbin.info/aero/PLaBYW76inbX6rwW39kRuJ-DvG4hE7vEFC

[@TRtraybloxeey]

Bro do a series continuing this…

[@ty814]

2 bloods I love most Emperor Charlemagne and Genghis. 1 pinch of blood from them you become a emperor material. Although Babur got most of his domains from being the descendant of Amir Timur also his legit claim on India was to have Lahore which his ancestor Timur conquered, Babur got his real legitimancy from being the descendant of Genghis .

[@watchman835]

Based on how weak Mongol is today, how brutal Mongol was when they conquered and slaughtered their enemies, and how well they are perceived by people 1000 years later. I have reached a conclusion. That is *end justify means, history only favour winners.*

[@gkdlmlnl7697]

China today is basically base on the Mongol n han assimilation

[@Emilechen]

event a the peak of Mongol Empire, Mongol warriors are powerful but thir economy in their homeland is still weak, so in their empire, Mongolian steppe's economy get marginalized by other region, once Mongol rulers and warriors lose and go back to heir homeland, thry will become poor agains, such is the question :s

[@Emilechen]

@@gkdlmlnl7697 not really, Mongol Yan dynasty didn't stay longtime in Chinese core land,

[@arthas640]

That's because back then almost all men and boys between age 13 and 50 were trained and equited to fight. They all had horses, armor, spears, and most importantly bows. They lacked heavy infantry and most importantly engineers and skilled Smith's but China was weak and has always been willingy to serve anyone who sits on their imperial throne so when they rolled over so easily when the mongols invaded it provided the mongols with top quality enginees to build siege weapons, build siege works, build bridges, perform logistics, and it gave them Smith's to make top quality armor and weapons. Mongolia went into the war with China as a half decent army with many weak points but China rolling over so easily gave them everything they needed to March across the continent. Much like Rome during the western half of their empire collapsing; China was more focused on internal fighting then on external threats and it caused a global ripple.

[@alvaro701]

Maybe because there was a lot of propaganda against them. The Mongols weren't worse than any Chinese Muslim or European Kingdom

[@kamiljan_ashiri]

8:36 Territory of Chaghatai khanate is wrong there, it was much bigger

[@ajsw-rt4yt]

Nice 👍🏼

[@therenomoregoodnames]

Next video should be about an island nation for #TeamSeas

[@googane7755]

The Song's fear of their military wasn't unfounded. As this video stated, there was a real fear of rebellion and there was a huge number of chinese already defecting to the mongols which only fueled this paranoia.

[@user-kq5pj9py9c]

Central Asian countries, Europe and India were vulnerable, China resisted Mongolia for 70 years, the emperor and ministers of the Song Dynasty committed suicide

[@Clee-os6pv]

2:08 I already knew about this and learned from this already. The key advantage why the Mongols conquer China was they were disunited. And the Mongols came at a perfect time when China wasn't as one. Also China wasn't very strong at this point. EDIT: China has defeated the Mongols before just look at the Han-Xiongnu War 漢匈戰爭 in 133 BC.

[@auburntiger6829]

Song China would never have entered an alliance with the Jurchen Jin again after the Rape of Jingkang.

[@PrabirKrPal]

China wasn't strong at this point. Lol!! China was disunited yes, but they were far from weak. During the mongol invasion, The Jin Empire alone managed to raise an army, that outnumbered the mongols Ten to One.

[@fybrogen7473]

Disunited or not, Mongols were outnumbered all the time. Just look at the battle of yehuling. 100k Mongol cavalry vs 1.4m Jin various troops and the great wall at their side.

[@beautifullife1881]

Do you think Mongols are united? They are much more diverse than Chinese, but they know how to cooperate, not like Chinese.

[@choikluivertchoi4635]

@@beautifullife1881 Mongols are Chinese too. Lol.

[@00jack80]

China's geographical location is relatively closed, and ancient Chinese believed that the world was composed of the Central Plains civilization world, northern nomadic peoples, southern tribes, and the distant West. Mongolia has played an important role in Chinese history and has always been a powerful opponent of the Central Plains dynasties

[@yujielow1090]

Didn’t mentioned the fall of Dali in this video. Would be nice to include them too.

[@khalee95]

The Mongols may not have ruled long, but they did rule over kings, queens, princes and princesses. The king of kings.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Happy Mongolic noises Sad Tungusic, Sinitic and Tangut noises

[@herzeg4912]

Her yerdesin

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@herzeg4912 valla mı

[@hassanabdulsalam1000]

@@papazataklaattiranimam and sad turkic noises

[@jxelus1274]

and Turkic shatuo song dynasty

[@jxelus1274]

Sinitic- Goryeo and Dali kingdom got vassal to mongol.

[@DGronki]

I am interested in how Mongols conquer Lhasa and how/if they fight in such high altitude?

[@6principlesforcartography61]

No they didn't. Tibet surrendered before Mongols enter their land

[@sansan2591]

@@6principlesforcartography61 nope Tibetans actually fought against Mongols. Mongols sent Turko-Mongolic soldiers to defeat them

[@6principlesforcartography61]

@@sansan2591 It was a border conflict, yet the Tibetan Lamas realized the strength of Mongols and chose to surrender before Mongols reached the the inner land. They made a treaty in Liangzhou (modern Wuwei in Gansu Province), where the Tibetans agree to pay taxes and allow Mongols to field army in their land.

[@6principlesforcartography61]

By the way, Lhasa was not the pollical center of Tibet though. It was Saskya, where the Pandita Lama lives. He was one of the religious leaders in Tibet. At that time, Tibet had been scattered into many small feudal lands and was not unified for centuries, with each feudal lords had only a few hundred soldiers.

[@hassanabdulsalam1000]

Just like how Rome conquered Greece

[@dabome4001]

How Rome conquered Greece? Im asking for real

[@erik5303]

@@dabome4001 By being allies with one greek city state and make them turn on another until they all were under Romes influence. Very simplified ofcourse.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Sad Hellenes

[@GlaciaDay]

Also just like Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece, some Mongols adopted Chinese culture as well then formed the Yuan Dynasty.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@GlaciaDay Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic and Para-Mongolic nomads adopted Sinitic culture who ruled China

[@mr.wilson9941]

As someone Who played total war medieval 2 i know why they were so formidable.

[@damnedcarrot]

Divide and conquer. Classic.

[@kkgc5760]

7:45 i read that in Oogway's voice lol

[@raphlvlogs271]

division weakens a nation unity strengthens a nation.

[@micahistory]

It's crazy that such an old and massive civilisation was completely conquered by some nomads

[@ephraimboateng5239]

well, it makes sense when that civilisation was divided on itself while the mongols took their time to conquer bits of territory AND the locals were supporting them AND the Song Dynasty and a weak army while being attaked on 3 sides. If china would have been united, the mongols would've never conquered them, and if the song dynasty wasn't so paranoid of its own army, they probably wouldv'e resisted longer and even survive until the inevitable collaspe of the Yuan Dynasty

[@sjohn1186]

Not some nomads, the strongest nomads in the whole human history.

[@fromfareast3070]

@@sjohn1186 Follow by the jurchen Qing

[@micahistory]

@Regular dude on internet. but the vikings didn't create a massive continent wide empire

[@micahistory]

@@ephraimboateng5239 yes

[@lerneanlion]

And to think this can be traced to Western Xia's refusal to give the military aid to Genghis Khan when he was going to invade Central Asia. I wonder what will happened if they actually willing to become allies instead.

[@googane7755]

And if genghis died in childhood when his family was abandoned then his empire also wouldn't of been possible. Such is the butterfly effect...

[@lordInquisitor]

He would have thanked him right before invading his lands , look how he treated the other Chinese allies

[@googane7755]

@@lordInquisitor It's so funny to me that everyone at the time was so eager to go to war as they each had their own plans of dominating the area. The khwarezm shah, the jurchen jin, the song, etc. What set the mongols out was that they were just better at it.

[@lordInquisitor]

@@googane7755 well better as in they were masters of tactics that the other powers had little knowledge off . I would bet that the biggest factors in Mongol success was the horse archer , fear and the fact that the open plain is basically custom made for horses and horse riders

[@syhossp]

Genghis Khan will still invaded Jin. While Mongolia was not united, Jin raid the Mongol all the time. One of the Genghis Khan ancestor was murder by Jin. So Genghis Khan hate Jin and is determined to payback on what Jin done to his people.

[@tzl1117]

Another observation is rarely any Chinese think Jin or Liao is China, but thinks Mongolian’s Yuan is. The fact is culturally and ethnically Jin and Liao is much more China than Yuan.

[@yesyes1842]

To be more accurate, the "Song" dynasty is considered the Han chinese state at the time, with the Jin dynasty being foreign invaders. So the video showed the conquest of people that were ancestors to manchurians, other northern central asian states and then "China" during the Song battles. The Song did not team up with mongolians to fight other Chinese states, they considered the Manchurians to be invaders and thought they would be able to gain more of their homeland back by teaming up with the Mongols, in which they did accomplish initially....

[@googane7755]

Yeah they were all considered foreigners by the Han Chinese which explains their unwillingness to co-operate and may have thought the Jin were just another barbarian state no different from the Mongols so the Song didn't care who they were screwing over.

[@yesyes1842]

Googane Your post reflects some deep stereotypes on the Han Chinese race. Keep in mind their country is being invaded by Manchurians and Mongols. There is no cooperation when your country is being invaded. Lol. They were making decisions based on what they feel is best to protect their country and Manchus arent chinese, that land isn’t theirs. Get it? Mongols promised (they lied) we’ll take our the manchurians and you’ll get your state back. Alot of ancient civilizations thought of outsiders as barbarians just like Rome did of the Germans. Youre saying the han chinese were wrong for being invaded and not cooperating, lol. Funny stuff.

[@svdvan8797]

Yes, Song is Han Chinese state, but Yuan is not. And then Ming is Han Chinese state but Qing is not. So that you can undrstand why there were so many rebels from civilians after Ming dynasty fell down.

[@KR-uq2ns]

Yeah, only took mongols 45 years to conquer southern song with help of Chinese military adviser and scarification of one khan, who’s death stop its army march further into Europe.

[@Opmium]

Mongol was a great lesson that unification and unity among states could gain you support and freedom

[@amaerukaoru]

But a funny thing is that, after mongols conquered China, they ruled Chinese in an inadvertent way, which provided more freedom than a despotism in many Chinese dynasties 🤣🤣🤣 In Song dynasty's China, the status of women were much lower than Mongolian society... In Ming and Qing dynastie, people were not entitled to criticize the authority, but people could do this in Mongol's Yuan dynasty 😂

[@user-ht3ny2vw6i]

Europe was in a state where tens of thousands of people were one country before the arrival of the Mongols. The Mongols brought Eastern military and technological ideas and culture, leading to technological progress in Europe. There is no coincidence in history, and everything is the best arrangement.

[@efficient64]

Basically the entire mongol army: bunch of dudes riding horses

[@user-hf7ms9fy4e]

1.1. The Jin people were the female real people who lived in the Heilongjiang region, a fishing and herding civilization, and were a subordinate tribe of the Khitan (Liao) in the early days. These female real people were not from the Joseon region. Because today's Korea and Korea in fact belonged to the Three Korean tribes during the Tang Dynasty, they joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to fight against Goguryeo (the successor of Wei's Korea, a nation of local tribes and Yan exiles) eventually forming Silla, which is the ancestor of today's Koreans and Korean people. 2. Before the rise of the Mongols, it was the Turkic people, the enemies of the Tang Dynasty, who controlled the Mongolian plateau, but after Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, wiped out the Eastern Turkic and Western Turkic peoples, a vacuum period arose in the nomadic plateau region. This land was successively contested by the Hui falcons, the Shatuo Turks, the Dang Xiang Qiang (also the ancestors of the Western Xia), and the Khitan. The final victors were the Khitan, who established the Liao Kingdom, but the Khitan, who already controlled northern China, did not want to return to nomadic areas. The Mongols emerged from this process, and Genghis Khan's great-grandfather, Hepbul Khan, united the various tribes and gave rise to the concept of the Mongols. Hebure Khan defeated the Khitan several times, but was forced to submit due to the huge power gap between the two sides. 3. AD1236-AD1242, the Mongols attacked the then many principalities of Rus' and defeated their allied forces. In AD1240-AD1241, this army led by Battuta, Speedy, Mongol, and Guiyu was divided into two groups and took amazing high speed maneuvers to surround and tempt the enemy deeper in the Battle of Legnica and the Battle of Tisza River to annihilate the main Hungarian and Polish armies. They also created false king's documents to deceive the nobles all over Hungary after attacking Hungary and occupying Pest and Bra. In AD1242, the Mongols invaded the Second Bulgarian Empire and Bulgaria became a vassal state of Mongolia. 4. Genghis Khan died before defeating the Southern Song Dynasty, and AD 1258, the Mongol Khan Mongol died in the Battle of Diaoyu Castle. In fact, the Mongols' fighting power was the most amazing in this period. The unique geography of Vietnam can also be seen here indeed while the battle of Ilkhanate against Mamluk, which represents the rapid decline of Mongol fighting power, took place in AD1281. It is important to mention here that the geography of the Vietnamese region and the strength of their resistance were equally impressive. AD 1257, AD 1284-AD 1288, the Mongol invasion of Vietnam, the Vietnamese Chen dynasty defeated the forces of the Yuan dynasty several times (this period saw a Mongol heir crisis after the death of Mongol, but at least nominally Kublai defeated the other contenders for the position of Mongol Khan, but except for The khanates outside Ilkhanate were not actually subservient. (At the same time he crowned himself Emperor of the Great Yuan.) . In war after war, the Yuan dynasty was surprised by the tenacity of Vietnam and began to increase its leverage. The Vietnamese Chen dynasty eventually became bitter at this endless invasion and was forced to choose to become a vassal state. The Mongols, on the other hand, turned their attention to Burma. 5. The Mongols are divided into many branches, the western Nai Mongols are Christian and followers of Nestorianism, while the eastern Muroves are descendants of the Xianbei people left over from the Han dynasty. The central and southern Mongols were under the command of Genghis Khan's Golden Family. The northern Mongols, on the other hand, were known to them as the Khalkha Mongols, and these northern Mongols were made up of tribes affiliated with the Mongols. This continues to this day, and since the secession of Mongolia from the Republic of China since World War II, their main population is the Khalkha Mongols. 6. We have to understand in any case that the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century was essentially a cataclysm. He was in no way inferior to the destruction of Arab civilization by the Turkic Ghulam, or to the destruction of Western Rome by the Huns and Goths and Vandals. Every civilization that resisted them should be proud of it.

[@aminyt8742]

They have Huge balls

[@flawyerlawyertv7454]

Wow! 😮

[@coffeemanx]

Mongols were united. China was fragmented. Unity is true strength.

[@tritium1998]

A glaring omission about the Mongols invading Europe and the Middle East first, acquiring engineers and technology from there to fight in China.

[@leogogo7041]

At that time, Europe's military and technology was just rubbish.

[@jamesray1439]

@@leogogo7041 ok lol

[@ost8123]

不！实际上是蒙古人掠夺走中国的工程师和武器，包括火药和枪炮，征服了西方世界。

[@user-ht3ny2vw6i]

Mongolia's rise is in the northern part of China, okay?

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

When you had so many children that 16 million people are related to you: *I am aware of the effect I have on human population*

[@pottsie_era]

those 16 Million people should start a new dynasty.

[@scintillam_dei]

I cringe whenever I see the gay US of AIDS flag. See my video proving the US funds ISIS. The US should fall, and will, thank God.

[@arolemaprarath6615]

I'm one of them. Sending regards to my 16 mllion relatives and in counting!

[@hyltoniali257]

How Mongols united Gobi steppe: Temujin exploited OngKhan of Keraits, his orth father's strength How Mongols defeated Jin main force at Yehuling: Jin troops didn't use their advantage in numbers, too dispersed, HuShahu ran with his reinforcement How XiLiao (Kara khitai) got annexed: Exploited internal conflict: Kuchalug overthrowal Why Tangut populations are mostly wiped out: XiXia concubine bit off Temujin's genital...jk, they failed to aid Mongol with reinforcement on their Western conquest & Temujin's benefactor: Heda'An was killed by XiXia border guards Why did Song's last stand fail? Chinese attacked by more surrendered Chinese

[@paiwanhan]

The Southern Song dynasty single-handedly halted the Mongols for over 40 years, outlasting any other kingdoms and empires that the Mongol tried to invade.

[@ElBandito]

Bunch of steppe nomads with bows and arrows took on nations which had 100 times their population, huge defensive cities, as well as early gunpowder weapons? The size of Mongols' balls! That feat was comparable to modern day Mongolia somehow defeating modern day Russia--impossibly amazing.

[@kharlmichaelpura371]

You realize that Mongol empire is a gun empire that can easily defeat and conquer Russia in a minute

[@kharlmichaelpura371]

Amazing how Russia is backward

[@victorye7150]

In short ! The Chinese assisted mongols conquer their own nation.

[@Saleemtruth]

No mention of many details. Though Mongols brought all China under one control, which would be very useful for coming Chinese Dynasties. Same as Mughals have done in India, a near relatives of Mongols. Babar the founder of Mughal empire was direct descendent of Genghis Khan, numerous spelling of his name, western and Muslims , since they became Muslims, so spelling of name. The original story told & read of Mongols first penetration into China was very superhuman. The Mongols use to ride for 6 hours form their camping area to China , where they would shut gates of fortress on early warning system. It was estimated that Mongols who ride horses bear, meaning without any seat or other cushioning material. The Chinese has estimated that it would take in such condition of riding Mongols 6 hours to come to gates of fortress. The Mongols then did extra human fleet, they rode to their camps and return immediately back, thus riding continuously for 12 hours, and they took China with complete surprise . In all history, except for post modern, where fire power is winning factor, in past it was often poor, tough people , who organised and became much feared invaders as Mongols and Mughals & other numerous horseback militia did as Golden Hordes etc. The Crimean much feared Muslim Turk militia, which kept Crimean a vessel state of Ottoman Empire. .

[@if_iplaynowxd5620]

Pov: your genghis khan speedruning asia to europe

[@Godsmith_YT2998]

Love you from india 🇮🇳

[@Guardias]

No mention of the siege technology they imported from Europe? The siege tach that allowed them to conquer the most heavily fortified Song Strongholds?

[@scintillam_dei]

What exactly?

[@zainmudassir2964]

A lot came from conquered Muslim territories especially Iraq

[@bayanbatu6848]

@@scintillam_dei Borrowed trebuchets from kingdom of Antioch

[@PrabirKrPal]

No! They already had siege engines and gunpowder weaponry after they sacked Beijing.

[@jannusetan8306]

They get from Jin dynasty cannon and grenade

[@ryanwojcicki4675]

Is it know-logia or no-legia? I have heard it both ways now

[@eltonbritt1502]

States then can field hundreds of thousands of soldiers because of mandatory conscription and abject poverty. People were so poor that being in the army meant eating at least twice or thrice a day; so it doesn't take much coaxing to enlist men into the army. Although irregular, soldiers were also paid meager salaries and a share in the spoils.

[@iskambillordu]

How mongol empire builded: Mongol: we going to raid wes- Turk: im in before u say it - Mongol empire established -

[@messier8379]

Mongols invasion of Jin and Song is like the Eastern Version of Arab invasion of war torn Sassanid and Byzantium

[@williamrobert9898]

Idk about that tbh

[@messier8379]

@@williamrobert9898 Jin and Song Dynasties were in War for Centuries.....both Dynasties can't cooperate when the Mongols Invaded.. The Mongols promised Song Alliance in exchange of helping attacking Jin.. But 40 years later the Mongols Still invaded Song .also Song Military are very Neglected by their Emperor

[@lakshmipraveen8734]

Sir, would you like to make video on Achaemenid Empire series after this Mongols Empire series, please Its my huge request...

[@babak-shah5005]

Hello sir, are you Indian? I wonder why you are so interested in the Acheamenid? Peace from Iran.

[@lakshmipraveen8734]

@@babak-shah5005 Because I love Cyrus II and Darius I, Achaemenid Empire is one of the Greatest Empire all time, My favourite Ancient city was Persepolis which was build by non slave. because as you see the Cyrus cylinder which consider as first Human rights, they are done many beautiful projects like Royal road, second Jewish temple, Canal of the Pharaohs (Suez Canal) and many more..., its an Diversed Empire with Multicultures and with Multiple peoples. I love Achaemenids!!!

[@lakshmipraveen8734]

@@babak-shah5005 Yes, I am Indian. you?

[@babak-shah5005]

@@lakshmipraveen8734 wow thats very nice that you know so much about my beautyfull country and history. I am from Iran sir. I want to visit the ruins of Persepolis. Since when are you intrested in Iran or Iran's history and how did that start? I am curious to know. Much respect

[@lakshmipraveen8734]

@@babak-shah5005 When I was research Great Empires and Cultures, Only Achaemenid Empire has Infuenced me. because you people have Greatest and Successful Administration and Religions.

[@psychofury6485]

Marco polo series is great, and has the conquest of china in it

[@Justiceforall3799]

The Mongol empire probably is the largest empire in human history. No other empire has conquered so much land areas as the Mongols did. The closest to it probably is the Russian empire, which was also part of the Mongol empire in the thirteenth century.

[@zyanego3170]

The British Empire was bigger.

[@zuzudernegger9721]

@@zyanego3170 The British had guns and fought aborigines with boomerangs and stone axes. The Mongols fought equal and more advanced civilizations. The British never had much success conquering anything in Europe even when fighting agains lesser European countries. The British were really good at piracy not so much at warring but against Australian aborigines and Eskimos they were great!

[@mint8648]

@@zuzudernegger9721 they did conquer more advanced civilizations like india, but only with banking money

[@Justiceforall3799]

@@zyanego3170 the British empire occupied 25%of the land areas of the earth. Mongol empire occupied at least 1/3 of the land areas of the earth.

[@zyanego3170]

@@Justiceforall3799 Wrong.

[@leeben7605]

蒙哥died in battle of dianyucheng nowadays sichuan. Thats triggered fall of Mongol empire. If 蒙哥 didnt die, Europe will be swiped away.

[@jamesray1439]

Well that didn’t happen but European colonialism of China happened for several hundreds of years.

[@DucaTech]

@@jamesray1439 They did? How come the Chinese are not speaking English like other colonies?

[@jamesray1439]

@@DucaTech are you drugs? Hong Kong until the 90’s was European colony, Taiwan is still ostensibly a colony. And there is no lack of English speakers in China.

[@svdvan8797]

​@@jamesray1439 China not speak English bro😂, can you tell me anywhere in this world that there's no people can speak English？

[@svdvan8797]

Diaoyucheng not dianyucheng. My home town, toasted fish is famous, welcome to travel.

[@matthewmann8969]

Through bribing, presents, gifts, and receptors yeah

[@exposingproxystalkingorgan4164]

Divide and conquer is as classic political tactic from all places and time periods.

[@PakBallandSami]

Land:exist Mongols: you know the rules and so do i

[@scintillam_dei]

Water: Exit: Mongols: WAAA! MOMMY! I DON'T WANT TO TAKE A BATH!

[@BritskNguyen]

Q in chinese pinyin is not pronounced /k/ . Its closer to ch in english word "church". So Qin dynasty is pronounced like Chin, not Kin

[@scintillam_dei]

Pinyin is dumb, or whatever that system is.

[@BritskNguyen]

@@scintillam_dei agree. Cant be helped because China gonna chine, potato gotta potate

[@svdvan8797]

Qin is not easy to pronounce for whoese mother language is English.

[@MBP1918]

Interesting

[@Shaunt1]

Wow.

[@koboldprime2257]

By horse.

[@armchairwarrior963]

China had better tech, but Mongols had better warriors and strategy.

[@user-me4zj4jo8t]

@Cengez han actually, it was richest dynasty of China.it was also golden age for tech, like gunpowder，printing.Song dynasty fall because of corruption

[@Clee-os6pv]

+@Cengez han : Are you for real? Pretty sure Gunpowder, Compass, Printing Press, and Paper. The 4 great inventions came from China.

[@mackzun]

mmm good video

[@obiwankenobi5769]

Remember to visit Mongolia before Mongolia visits YOU

[@jacktapman5293]

I always wondered how they got so powerful

[@sukhmandeepsingh7836]

They were quick in fighting as compared to their rivals and attacked very fast and swiftly

[@scintillam_dei]

'Cause DEVS VVLT.

[@zainmudassir2964]

Like the Romans they adapted quickly and used skills of people they conquered. Muslim Engineers they captured from modern day Iraq built siege engines used to capture many Chinese cities for example.

[@ICCraider]

Meritocracy and Chinese(later Muslim) engineers. Thanks to meritocracy the Mongol army's officer corps was comparable to that of the Prussians during the Franco-Prussian war which means they were over 600 years ahead of their time. And then the Chinese and Muslim engineers that made their medieval blitzing of cities possible. EDIT: A typical Mongol army of 5 tumen or 50,000 during Genghis' invasion of Khwarezmia had 3,000 scorpios and 1,000 catapults. In comparison a typical Roman legion(roughly 5,000 men) had 60 scorpios. Which means the Mongols had more than 5 times more artillery pieces than the famed Romans.

[@ICCraider]

@Ali Kılıç Agreed. But that isn't unique to the Mongols. Almost every major empire used the technologies of the conquered and learned from them. But Meritocracy *was* unique to the Mongols for 600 years until Napoleon's major military reforms. But the Mongol military stopped being purely meritocratic after Ogodei's death. Due to the chaotic political climate, later khans started promoting children of powerful nobles and eventually made the Mongol military as weak as any other. Also the failure to leave proper military manuals meant that the innovations of a general often died with him.