How false news can spread - Noah Tavlin

Dive into the phenomenon known as circular reporting and how it contributes to the spread of false news and misinformation.
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In previous decades, most news with global reach came from several major newspapers and networks with the resources to gather information directly. The speed with which information spreads now, however, has created the ideal conditions for something called circular reporting. Noah Tavlin sheds light on this phenomenon.
Lesson by Noah Tavlin, animation by Patrick Smith.
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View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-false-n...

[@bjornarya]

just like Abraham Lincoln said, “ don’t believe everything on the internet “

[@phil..rubi123]

Gaurav arya 🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@realmongolia101]

That is true-true.

[@randomuser4959]

Abraham Lincoln was ahead of his time.

[@skelworthvods984]

Isn’t that internet 101 and lol really Abraham Lincoln 😂😂😂😂

[@turtleyoutuber3837]

Gaurav arya I thought it was Teddy Roosevelt

[@cormacnimo]

Before we had internet, telephone, newspaper and etc, rumors still travel faster than the truth. I think the real problem here is not only on a technological level but also on a psychological level.

[@Banzybanz]

Technology has only added fuel to the fire.

[@oliverphippen1957]

This is why the MSM hates when the DON Tweets cause they can't interpret for the public ???

[@jonathanlehmann8719]

thank you soo much

[@jonathanlehmann8719]

maybey were just being brain washed by the socale media FB False new's ectra

[@oliverphippen1957]

Gee - you think ??? @@jonathanlehmann8719

[@georgequilitz8530]

Albert Einstein once said, _”99% of quotes were just made up by some random person on the internet”_

[@somethingithink3731]

WoW HE rEAllY sAId That?

[@andypang1677]

I actually had to read this 4 times to realise what was wrong with it XD

[@sophi765]

Is YOur QuOte FrOm The inTeRneT?

[@premamallah4840]

100% TRuE

[@starleigh6680]

@@sophi765 It PRObablY Is

[@shadowfire04]

"An internet so starved of content that facts are optional" is a quote that has always stuck with me whenever I think about this sort of thing.

[@AdyanshSahai]

That quote was said by Cleopatra.

[@overcookedwater1947]

"Don't believe everything you read in the internet" -Abraham Einstein Inventor of the light bulb 1989 - present Age: 51

[@ankitghosh45]

Sake fews😂😂

[@PatPat-ix3qv]

This information is supported by Thomas Newton

[@premamallah4840]

@@awesomegaming1991 Albert Hawking supports that too

[@arakihirohiko6122]

Dont forget he was creator of Moon and fist guy who stepped on Space.

[@overcookedwater1947]

@Naysha Singh nah fam it's Abraham Einstein. Read again.

[@chowell1451]

As a teenager I find it fascinating how many grown adults blindly follow big media or things they see while scrolling through fb or ig without any questioning. I always thought “how did these ppl get fooled” when looking back at history and the many instances of propaganda and lying for the personal gain of one man. I just wish ppl would get out of their social bubble and denial.

[@droidnautica]

When my parents sent me a video regarding how smartphones are disastrous to your eyes and the information within it is false, but your parents would believe it otherwise because its facebook duh 🥱

[@miguelz8721]

Common sense is sadly Not so common .

[@augustusmaximus891]

Agreed, and cannot ignore the polar opposite of people grasping some BS somewhere else and running with it just as emotionally invested. Both sides need to study what they speak of, to form opinions worth listening to. It's litterally bad on both sides.

[@bluecat5669]

@@augustusmaximus891what sides?

[@olivepopeye]

Never before has journalism been more biased. The voice over even sounds computer generated. COVID 19 was the beginning of it, please don't assume that what we are being fed right now is not misinformation suiting the agenda of those who benefit from your willingness to be led and programme.d

[@TheReligiousAtheists]

"I love the work of Albert Einstein." - Isaac Newton.

[@xrosdevelopers6402]

😂😂😂

[@AnhThuNguyen-zz2hm]

cilckbati

[@Olive-ey1cc]

Hmmm yes makes sense

[@shaypatra9840]

Ah yes Newton invented relativity and Einstein discovered inertia.

[@austinalves7626]

*totally ignores when these people were alive*

[@DaLoopDiggerz]

This is worth sharing.

[@novida4770]

The LoopDigger *Digga

[@oliverphippen1957]

This is why the MSM hates when the DON Tweets cause they can't interpret for the public ???

[@giasharie274]

I agree

[@Extman]

i have created short film on this topic...kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6GndYl8qNOnZpI

[@shybound5905]

literally every teded video starts with the phrase “lessons worth sharing” literally shut up

[@WTKB82]

I have learned to question everything. Trust no one.

[@syedzaid5771]

I have tried the approach, doesn't end well.

[@melchid8448]

Yeah that usually doesnt end well. At some point i thought that i was likely living in a North Korea like country which has the landmass of the entire world.But goverment isolated me from learning about it and i and you guys think that we are the only sentient species.

[@345wer]

I must hide this book beforr HE finds it.

[@antekknapek4635]

Be a goblin and turn into gollum

[@Olive-ey1cc]

Not even your self

[@cynthiasonier5142]

We've finally arrived to the time when we can share information faster than we can understand it.

[@dymphrpeeters8799]

Yea this one should go on a tile or something

[@crazysuricata2025]

"We've finally arrived to the time when we can share information faster than we can understand it." --Cynthia Sonier (Just to make it sound cool)

[@rohitmitruka]

"Tesla is my best buddy." ~Edison.

[@javieralejandrotrianapaz6343]

*Was

[@javieralejandrotrianapaz6343]

*Was

[@yourfriendlyneighborhoodcl4824]

@@javieralejandrotrianapaz6343 Joke

[@10pitate]

@@javieralejandrotrianapaz6343 Guys, I found a wikipedia editor!

[@SRSOS]

@@10pitate I bet he monitors the 9-11 page on wikipedia. lol

[@KezanzatheGreat]

Parents are some of the worst about this. And it's sad, because their intentions are always for the better. But they get lied to by the media they're supposed to trust, and that translates to very real risks for themselves and their families, as well as those around them. Critical thinking and ways of verifying information absolutely *should* be taught in schools - alongside practical law (as a year-long class, with government classes also year-long), psychology, some of the basics of civil engineering (tie it in with mathematics - it's much more practical that way), biology/health (tie the two together please), teen living, etc. The lack of one or all of these things contributes heavily to people not knowing much of anything about how the world around them works. And this is easily one of the things I hated most about school, was its absolute lack of practicality.

[@imbaby5499]

Yep. My mother listening to Taliban propaganda on the radio (we still have radio in Afghanistan) and then sharing it with everyone as facts.

[@KennyDaG35]

It's 2021 here, every facet of this video posted 5 years ago, on misconceptions, has proven extremely prophetic.

[@mrdraw2087]

This video aged extremely well...

[@Xolette]

This video needs to be shown to everyone!

[@ryanelliott8423]

Xolette je

[@zoot7981]

And that kids is fake news

[@oliverphippen1957]

This is why the MSM hates when the DON Tweets cause they can't interpret for the public ???

[@jonathanlehmann8719]

Hellya

[@worm3165]

This should be shown nowadays

[@Caim6311]

I remember at college that a professor told me that wiki isn't the best place to look for answers. The media often lie it doesn't matter what political ideologies they're.

[@kierascrafts]

Someone at college told me the same thing! He also said that I could go to a wiki page but to not get information from the article. Just go to the references at the bottom and get my info from there

[@user-rj2uv4kt7d]

WHOMEVER IS IN CONTROL "AT THE PARTICULAR MONMENT" SPREADS OUT CONSPIRACY AND ABOVE ALL FAKE NEWS........WHO'S IN CONTROL SINCE 2020???'''''THINK SHEE[EEEEPLES!!!

[@jvaldez97]

The narrator is so good at these type of videos, I can't think of anybody that could take his place.

[@hughgasey9666]

Yes I agree he is great at spreading propaganda.

[@ihazplawe2503]

@@hughgasey9666 How false news can spread - Noah Tavlin

[@accidentcarrot7225]

@@hughgasey9666 Cite a source that he spreads propaganda.

[@potatoasiangirl]

George Washington “I cut dat cherry tree yo my homie.” *words of a poet*

[@kynikoi_6867]

"When someone lies, it's a lie... When 3 people lie, it's confusing... When 10 people lie, it's true." -anonymous

[@helderboymh]

I'm gonna need to hear it from 9 other people before I believe this.

[@pocket3216]

@@helderboymh its true

[@helderboymh]

@@pocket3216 that's two.

[@BrigsbyDowers]

@@helderboymh it’s true

[@helderboymh]

@@BrigsbyDowers that's 3

[@MsSBVideos]

The fact that some people want dead children more than autistic children is terrible.

[@Olive-ey1cc]

Cant have autism if your dead

[@unholycrusader69]

@Zain Mirza *A wild anti-vaxxer appeared!*

[@trueaidooo]

@Zain Mirza they think that its safer to risk catching the disease but they aren't considering the fact that if there were significant undisclosed side effects from vaccines they must be relatively rare and that not getting vaccinated opens one up to potential death or other lifelong issues and that its possible to spread that disease to others which could revive a near extinct virus

[@rismosch]

@Zain Mirza me driving recklessly is no big deal, since everyone else has seatbelts lol

[@rismosch]

@Zain Mirza lmao it totally is the same. If you don't vaccinate you are a potential carrier of the desease and thus a danger to everyone who cannot be vaccinated, like ill or elderly people. Not vaccinating is reckless behaviour.

[@bibekgautam512]

This problem is more severe than it looks at first.

[@GuyWithAnAmazingHat]

+Bibek Gautam This problem is more severe than it looks and will only get worse.

[@sancrosanct5070]

"take everything you see on the internet with a grain of salt" Sun Tzu; The art of war

[@AlexGameOver_13]

Sun Tzu said that, and I'd say he knows a little more about fighting than you do, pal, because he invented it, and then he perfected it so that no living man could best him in the ring of honor.

[@mountedczarina9205]

Nothing travels faster than light, with the possible exception of bad news, which follows its own rules.

[@clintonsimmonds3956]

Nothing travels faster than a dropped shampoo bottle in the shower.

[@TheBlueCerulean]

Blank on Blank animation style, I like it.

[@peroz1000]

Yeah, me too.

[@grammaticalerorr4654]

+Stringer Bell Sheeeeeit, I thought you were dead.

[@theobuniel9643]

+Mr. Poopybutthole That's because the Blank on Blank animator made the animation for this video.

[@LivingGuy484]

I love how this is still relevant to this day.

[@grizzfan12]

I love how this comment is still relevant to this day

[@serfsup6544]

I like all the people in this comment section, who think that they are somehow above misinformation, and assume that they can recognize all "true facts" at a glance. Moral of the story, don't put to much faith in your ideas/political views, they can easily be wrong.... like i probably am :/

[@richtigmann1]

I don't really see people saying that....

[@premamallah4840]

I thought the comments were mocking the people who spread fake news

[@feliscatus4922]

Well it was 5 years ago

[@hemangchauhan2864]

Came from LEMMiNO's "Eight Spider" video, addressing the same issue. I'm still terrified how fragile information is, and what anything you could be hearing/learning could be false.

[@durpddurke4633]

The media sure can exaggerate.

[@tylermustardloooser386]

BBC stopped hiring white people

[@olivevkb]

And to be fair to all, both sides of the political stage can exaggerate. *Both.*

[@oliverphippen1957]

This is why the MSM hates when the DON Tweets cause they can't interpret for the public ???

[@reyzavala]

It’s not the car it’s the driver. You blame the internet implying the old media was more truthful and that per se is misinformation. And you are a master of it. Regardless of the tools around, human nature is still the same.

[@placerdemaio]

i think this is one of the most important videos on youtube today... literally

[@TimPatriot]

“If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face-for ever.” ― George Orwell, 1984

[@cliffhicks11]

oh how relevant this video is a year later

[@ineeddamoney]

CJ Hicks ditto

[@AlbertoTamez]

@@ineeddamoney ditto

[@kirbysucks5001]

It will always be relevant

[@alessa_cybergoth]

Still relevant.

[@TheVoiceOfReason93]

"A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes." --- *Mark Twain*

[@criticalthinker3262]

"Maybe" - Mark Twain

[@fluffierthenafox2766]

@Time is Zero you should do some open minded research instead of looking for "research" that verifies VaCcInEs ArE bAd FoR yOu

[@chewinggum5550]

“A lie is a lie” -Tark Mwain

[@Imsurroundedbyidiots]

depends on which is more believeable

[@mannydekhar-antipov9954]

that's C. H. Spurgeon mate.

[@katyoutnabout5943]

This literally could not have been proven more true in the past 6 months.

[@seyamrahman1002]

Agreed 💯

[@dmitrishostakovich1671]

Yeah, specially considering the constant propaganda spread by the Group of People Who Don't Agree With Me

[@aweirddude4724]

This is so relevant rn.

[@selocan469]

Best video that explain the false news cycle I encountered thus far. This should be included into secondary education, it is a very vital concept

[@naodghebredngl4009]

Thumbnail aged well

[@user-ti3wk6zs1r]

Yes, like fine milk 🥛

[@kenbobca]

Excellent Video for our time. Thank you!

[@spikekis5866]

Thank you for your share of Education understanding awareness great work great job thank you

[@lanthology9000]

@TED-Ed I have a tagalog compositon song and this video is really accurate on the lyrics. It's incredible that when I made a video presentation using your video-- "Think before you open your mouth" says the lyrics and the video goes to a male who started talking using megaphone . DA**! So accurate! Thanks for this video, such an honor to use this on my composition. You guys have credits on it. 🥰

[@gamiezion]

thank you so much for this.

[@jamesstaggs4160]

False news spreads whenever the original source of the "news" is less concerned with the actual truth of the situation and more concerned with an agenda. It then spreads when the people hearing it don't bother to question if the information they get is factual, which is easier when it already somewhat reinforces their own ideas. It's very difficult for someone to put aside their own personal filter and take themselves out of the story, especially since journalism has moved away from doing so. Thus it's nearly impossible to get good information anymore. You can't get it from corporate news, Facebook, any news outlet on the internet, or anywhere on KZbin. Instead of simply reporting events they all (pretty much admittedly) have a left/right, racial, political, gender, or religious bias. Even if just facts are presented, due to the complex nature of our world, what facts are chosen to be presented will have an effect on the recipient.

[@angelodaclitan7692]

Human beings don't always believe the truth in front of their faces. They believe whatever interpretation of the truth is most convenient to them -Laurent Thierry

[@nami4823]

Brooo, this was recommended after my communication teacher asked me to write essay with this topic. Thank you guys for your thoughts, i now have ideas

[@GreeNinjja]

this video should be informed to all educational system. we should reduce the impact of this for future generations because if we don't we are all doomed to being mis-informed.

[@sabaca304]

The feel when you experience it pretty much every day.

[@xoxdid]

I loved the animation of this one :D

[@sminthian]

They said the problem, people want a quick answer right now rather than a thought-out answer that they have to wait for.

[@billleroy6736]

This could be considered Fake news too

[@sweetlittledumpling9534]

Thank you for mentioning Wikipedia! So many people try to use it as proof.

[@Lutranereis]

The quickest way false news spreads is by journalists who take a person's word for the truth and go with a story without bothering to do any further investigation, or without getting all sides of the story. Most journalists have gotten entirely too lazy lately.

[@joyjoyoo]

thats some you are talking about. real journalists do their research beforehands from varies sources before writing a piece, they go through facts check as well.

[@herocortez]

This animation is the best, yet.

[@akero1388]

I love this channel, I hope this have spanish subtitles for show it to my friends.

[@franciscosoares2440]

It has

[@ZachLau00]

As my social teacher says, "the media is no smarter than you"

[@oophoenixdragonoo3605]

This is a very large problem that not enough people are taking in to account.

[@clintonsimmonds3956]

Personally don't even know what personally you are worth with nothing to personally aquire a little more complex misguided personal strategy for elivment of a Typests forecasting hypothesis to your mind. Your mind.

[@spiritedrenee9895]

Spread this video out to everyone. Show it to everybody.

[@philippinesballanimations]

The thumbnail predicted the future

[@therealspookspeak]

ahead of its time

[@PedroPintoSP]

It's uncanny that this video came out while I've been reading "Trust Me, I'm Lying".

[@OnlineDisinformationFabricator]

Thanks for the tutorial!

[@spetsnatzlegion3366]

Nobody has enough time to go look up sources to check for circular information though, and those most susceptible to misinformation don’t want to or try to.

[@clintonsimmonds3956]

Well telling them that tho I have a question I don't even know what it is sits on the fence to solve this easily.

[@s0rthak]

The animation is wonderful in this one :)

[@winter32842]

I think, this video is very important.

[@sasamichan]

that's some thing I want more people to hear. I have been looking at a lot of news reports and misinformation comes from BOTH Liberals and Conservatives . There is a lot out there that is highly subspinous or easy to prove wrong. But people hear a story call it truth and just refuse to hear any farther stories.

[@Ikshvaku6637]

This post!! Its so relevant now during this pandemic 🤯

[@TrueM23]

A really good video. Brief, to the point. How I could contact you concerning your video?

[@Nardos553]

Media try’s to change people opinions sometimes and it gets overwhelming when people you know in everyday life agree with what media says then you become apart of their opinion. *I don’t know what I just said and you mite not understand what I said*

[@berrex5152]

I know exactly what you mean

[@Nardos553]

Ad yay, someone agree with me and understand what I’m saying :D!

[@user-st2bz2di3g]

Through this video, I learned the lesson that we should always interpret the midea from a critical perspective!

[@foxgaming7781]

You can believe what you want as long as you don’t harm someone/something -the odds 1s out

[@giantzulu4539]

There is a paradox where someone said something as a lie, but also told the truth

[@shezadsalman3891]

I have learnt something: 2+2=5

[@sebastianshine4262]

The whole video makes a point for centralization. Thinking that a small group with centralized power have YOUR best interest at heart is not misinformation. It's borderline craziness

[@kennalbertlepsia1085]

Your one of my best narrator dude

[@rebelbeammasterx8472]

This is why Encyclopedia Brittanica is so important.

[@TheGreg6466]

wow, bit of an eye opener, thank you so much, shows that u should be careful with things like wiki, it may not be correct.

[@sonal8109]

Wiki has hundreds of editors who make sure that the website is factual, Twitter and Facebook do not

[@kevintrang3007]

This is even more relevant today

[@kierenalvarez]

Ted is one of the ways

[@allymadison8112]

... How are we so sure that this isn't false? XD

[@the_really_tired_one]

Ally Madison You can see it in the media EDIT: had to change a few words

[@penand_paper5112]

Now what we need is is a little (a lot) more truth in our thoughts.

[@jeffreystasi2754]

You do it well Noah

[@Thegingerbreadm4n]

The discussions surrounding Oregon’s measure 110 reversal come to mind for some reason.

[@cosaosa2855]

Twitter, CNN and MSNBC

[@IWANAROCKYEEEAAAA]

this is so sadly true for history especially military history wich is one of mi biggest hobbies,ouh well at least it makes me more critical to other stuff

[@sanyclara2826]

A lie can travel half way around the world, while the truth is putting on its shoes

[@TickedOffPriest]

We also need to consider the fact that it is better that multiple sources are used, because now it is not just one small group that is controlling all of media.

[@woundedtiger1795]

Problem these days everyone who is reporting the news have agendas...

[@nickjbland]

Hey was this animated by the same dude who does the PBS Blank on Blank series?

[@baptistedernoncourt6792]

amazing!

[@goblinhunter5361]

Now in 2020 this video is more relevant than ever.

[@captainpalegg2860]

In the words of Sherriff Woody: “Somebody’s poisoned the water hole!”

[@by_kate.]

Please tell me, where can I find a script for this video? thanks a lot)

[@fatbighuman]

“I told you I never said anything people are quoting me for” - sun tsu

[@theincarnationofboredom207]

this is exactly why the only person I trust with serious things is myself.

[@worldshaper1723]

" We can't be sure Elon Musk can improve tweeter." - Adam, the first human being.

[@LooneyCartoonMan]

"Just because You Read it in a magazine, or see it on the TV Screen. Don't make it Factual" - Michael Jackson

[@389jn]

Thank you for teaching me. I'll be careful 😮

[@dave5194]

That character at the start of the lesson looks a lot like how they drew Hunter S. Thompson in Blank on Blank. XD

[@meitsi]

This was in the finnish version of the SATs English exam!

[@teagannam]

So proud of TedEd for finding a great way to educate kids on this issue... so disappointed in the modern news industry for making this something that kids have to worry about

[@Glumphett]

I'm disappointed in TedEd for ironically committing the same journalistic error that they are accusing others of doing. Where are his citations for the study he claims was debunked or any of the studies that supposedly debunked it? As far as I know, Andrew Wakefield's study never actually claimed that vaccines caused autism. He was studying a link between the MMR and digestive disorders, and happened to find a correlation with autism. I'd love to read the actual study but no one ever cites it when making these claims. That's poor journalism and circular reporting at it's finest.

[@harryalmirol]

@@Glumphett you can search for it dear. there are like tons of them. you really need to point this out just to criticize their works even tho it was accurate?

[@harryalmirol]

@@Glumphett In 1998, Andrew Wakefield and 12 of his colleagues[1] published a case series in the Lancet, which suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may predispose to behavioral regression and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Despite the small sample size (n=12), the uncontrolled design, and the speculative nature of the conclusions, the paper received wide publicity, and MMR vaccination rates began to drop because parents were concerned about the risk of autism after vaccination.[2] Almost immediately afterward, epidemiological studies were conducted and published, refuting the posited link between MMR vaccination and autism.[3,4] The logic that the MMR vaccine may trigger autism was also questioned because a temporal link between the two is almost predestined: both events, by design (MMR vaccine) or definition (autism), occur in early childhood. The next episode in the saga was a short retraction of the interpretation of the original data by 10 of the 12 co-authors of the paper. According to the retraction, “no causal link was established between MMR vaccine and autism as the data were insufficient”.[5] This was accompanied by an admission by the Lancet that Wakefield et al.[1] had failed to disclose financial interests (e.g., Wakefield had been funded by lawyers who had been engaged by parents in lawsuits against vaccine-producing companies). However, the Lancet exonerated Wakefield and his colleagues from charges of ethical violations and scientific misconduct.[6] The Lancet completely retracted the Wakefield et al.[1] paper in February 2010, admitting that several elements in the paper were incorrect, contrary to the findings of the earlier investigation.[7] Wakefield et al.[1] were held guilty of ethical violations (they had conducted invasive investigations on the children without obtaining the necessary ethical clearances) and scientific misrepresentation (they reported that their sampling was consecutive when, in fact, it was selective). This retraction was published as a small, anonymous paragraph in the journal, on behalf of the editors.[8] The final episode in the saga is the revelation that Wakefield et al.[1] were guilty of deliberate fraud (they picked and chose data that suited their case; they falsified facts).[9] The British Medical Journal has published a series of articles on the exposure of the fraud, which appears to have taken place for financial gain.[10-13] It is a matter of concern that the exposé was a result of journalistic investigation, rather than academic vigilance followed by the institution of corrective measures. Readers may be interested to learn that the journalist on the Wakefield case, Brian Deer, had earlier reported on the false implication of thiomersal (in vaccines) in the etiology of autism.[14] However, Deer had not played an investigative role in that report.[14] Scientists and organizations across the world spent a great deal of time and money refuting the results of a minor paper in the Lancet and exposing the scientific fraud that formed the basis of the paper. Appallingly, parents across the world did not vaccinate their children out of fear of the risk of autism, thereby exposing their children to the risks of disease and the well-documented complications related thereto. Measles outbreaks in the UK in 2008 and 2009 as well as pockets of measles in the USA and Canada were attributed to the nonvaccination of children.[7] The Wakefield fraud is likely to go down as one of the most serious frauds in medical history.[9] this was published on ncbi's site (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) here's where you can read the whole article: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136032/

[@harryalmirol]

@@Glumphett I'm also disappointed because of people like you who love to find every hole just to criticize people who are trying to make this world a better place.

[@harryalmirol]

​@@Glumphett In case you don't want to read the article because it's too long, I'll simplify it. Andrew Wakefield's study is a fraud. Because of his "publications", parents were scared to vaccinate their kids. And many kids were infected when they weren't supposed to be. All because of his "finding". By the way, did you know that Andrew Wakefield is an anti-vaccine activist? So can you say that his study is not biased?

[@bruce_sat4n66]

Everything has pros and cons, the con of Internet is how easy the misinformation spreads.

[@taqqiraja2722]

love u ted!