How many species of Human were there?

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
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Sources:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Dee...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_ru...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
australian.museum/learn/scien...
www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-we...
australian.museum/learn/scien...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan
www.discovermagazine.com/plan...
www.sci-news.com/archaeology/h...
www.theguardian.com/science/2...
www.newscientist.com/article/...
www.sci-news.com/othersciences...
Naledi burial
www.newscientist.com/article/...
www.nationalgeographic.com/ad...
26 species concepts
scienceblogs.com/evolvingthou...
Good video about species
• What is a species?
Homo erectus brain size diversity
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Human diversity, penguin, mongrels
www.pbs.org/race/000_About/00...
Sapiens article
www.sapiens.org/column/field-...
Flow of human genetics
www.scientificamerican.com/ar...
Human species
www.livescience.com/how-many-...
Litigon
www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/...
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[@NORTH02]

What topic would you like to see covered next?

[@shinobi-no-bueno]

I'd love to see you do a video about your other interests, I've seen you "in the wild" here on YT a few times and I'm always happily surprised when it seems we share similar interests

[@NORTH02]

@@shinobi-no-bueno maybe I’ll use the second channel for that.

[@jasonborn867]

I think the oldest European genomes recently sequenced from several ancient Bacho Kiro Cave fossils would make a marvelous story, especially since their genetics showed long stretches of Neanderthal ancestry just 5-7 generations back in the lineages. A strong case could be made that 45,000 years ago interbreeding was a norm as opposed to the exception.

[@pteronarcyscalifornica694]

How our species, which managed to colonize the entire planet - including a vast array of habitats, and remaining reproductively isolated for many millennia in many cases - avoided subspeciating (as any other species would) in accord to evolutionary theory. Is this a miraculous fact, or pseudoscientific nonsense? If the former, what unique properties of Homo sapiens prevented subspeciation? If the latter, what is the motive behind pushing the pseudoscience?

[@haydenscott1099]

Have you ever looked into sasquatch? Those things are real flesh and blood creatures. Act like a detective. Look into the topic like it might actually be true. Then make your decision. Modern people didnt know the mountain gorilla existed until the 1920s. Same sort of story was true about narwhals, Grizzlies in north America and giant squid. These where myth or at least a joke to the people at the time. The Europeans didn't believe the native Americans when they said there were giant brown bears up north that couldnt be stopped by guns. Youd think if there were any hominids left on earth they'd stay the hell away from us. Besides most people live in the city and that's the end of it. And if you go camping it's at like the edge of the mountains. Most people who see these things are way back in thick woods or high mountains. Far away from the droves of day hikers. If you want to take the topic seriously look up sasquatch chronicles. This guy does live interviews with eyewitnesses and these people will tell you they could see the wrinkles on its forehead. This guy has to have done 1000 interviews with people who saw that level of detail. You can also look up thefactsbyhowtohunt this guy takes emails from folks who have had an encounters and reads them word for word. No bullshit man you can listen to these people and decide for yourself whether or not thousands of people are misidentifying, hoaxing, lying, or crazy. I promise you this is worthwhile for you to look into. We need smart people like you to chip in your thoughts and theories on what these sasquatch, bigfoot, yeti, yowie creatures are. I've backpacked into the high sierras in California. Let me tell you it's like shangrula. I could live the rest of my life out there and no one would ever find me. Its rugged, tuff, beautiful land and full of food if you know how to catch it. Hell bears love it out there. I think a large hairy man like thing would like it too. The public deserves to know. There are people with terrifying encounters who are mocked and laughed at by their everyone they know including their family. People have nothing to gain but ridicule for telling their stories and that's why this isnt public knowledge. Also I think the government does keep these things underwrapps. But for the most part we do it to ourselves by not listening to our fellow man.

[@justsomedude5727]

Imagine racisim if there were actually different species around lol

[@phosphenevision]

Racists did try to convince people we were different species after Darwin discovered evolution, it was all crockshit of course.

[@whipasnaper]

The thing is anthropologists would agree that different races were different species only stopping like 120 years ago

[@kommi7658]

@@whipasnaper yeah and they were retards

[@MrUndertown]

@@whipasnaperno they wouldn‘t

[@ButterBallTheOpossum]

@@MrUndertown If humans were animals human races would probably be separated as subspecies. It doesn't mean one race is superior to another it just means physically we have some significant differences like bone density,muscle fiber type,skin color and facial features bone structure and many many other things. Most Europeans have a small amount of Neanderthal DNA and most Asians have some Denisovan hominins in their DNA. If a Kodiak bear is a subspecies of Grizzly bear than different races would definitely be. It's pretty obvious.

[@ramonamcmahon3248]

As a child growing up in the 50s we were taught about the missing link between apes and man, can you imagine my delight of witnessing over the last 50 odd years the discoveries of humans and different species. I've been fascinated with this subject since I was about ten and it just keeps on getting more interesting. Thank you North for yet another wonderfully presented video.

[@talanigreywolf7110]

As a child of the 60's, I totally agree with you! The evolving (no pun intended) science of paleontology is fascinating indeed, and I wait patiently for the next discovery!

[@speedomars3869]

There never was a single missing link. All animals make their slow changes and split off branches...the animals alive today are all the result of subtle, small changes over eons....no leap from an ape (which is a distant branch) to a human...the notion was always false.

[@kevincronk7981]

Well *technically* there's no possible way for there to be any link, missing or not, between apes and humans because we *are* apes

[@DulceN]

I was born in 1960 and am fascinated by this subject. It’s been a rollercoaster ride in the last few decades.

[@pietristephane3537]

As child of the 70s same here :b

[@christahewitt2758]

I was LIED TO and not given access to this information, since I was raised fundamentalist evangelical christian and homeschooled. Education and information is knowledge and knowledge is power. Thank you for making this information public. I’m crying why wasn’t I told this?! 😢

[@codymarkley8372]

Fundamentalist lie about real Christianity. What do you expect.

[@QuintessentialUltimatum]

I just wanted to say I am Christian and I KNOW for a fact this video is true. You can believe in both. I know god created an environment where we were able to evolve and flourish.

[@zeged]

My catholic priest to my church says you cannot prove science wrong.

[@anotherarmchairquarterback]

​@@QuintessentialUltimatumso does this mean god looked more like a caveman or neanderthal or what we look like today? And how did Noah get 2 penguins to walk to a middle eastern desert to hop on a boat? Or was that story fabricated also? Did Noah get mad at his tribe and build a big enough boat to carry a few sustainable farm animals like cows pigs chickens goats and float down river for 4 days and start his own incestrial tribe?

[@Our_Patterns]

When the internet does something positive

[@ThePrader]

I took my first college class in human evolution in 1971. I went on to a different discipline for my profession , law, but have always had an interest in the subject of human evolution. Please keep these videos coming ? This series has been the very best the public domain has to offer. Thank you.

[@YankeeDoodle2]

You went from learning about a lie to becoming a liar 😂

[@poorbastid]

Me too, 71. But I went on to brag about becoming a Shepherd.

[@TradBarbie]

​@@YankeeDoodle2 😂😂😂

[@ngozinnunukwe5680]

"Most people are familiar with the biological species concept." You give most people too much credit.

[@c0nv3rg3]

This. 😂

[@edwardcat5247]

yes, go for a drive on a Sunday, and see all the morons that come out the woodwork and congregate in flocks of stupidity...

[@Kenny-yl9pc]

What is a species?

[@guarddog318]

Yeah, I'm afraid I'd have to go with the "most people are idiots" school of thought.🥴

[@c0nv3rg3]

@@guarddog318 on AVERAGE people are dumb AF. I wish it weren’t true.

[@NikiWonoto26]

I'm from Indonesia. I've accidentally found this video from youtube's algorithm somehow. I deeply appreciate how peaceful, calming, & relaxing this video actually is, probably because of the background music & the voice of the narrator. It's very rare to find such informative & educative videos with unique style like this. Thank you for this.

[@Richie_Alpha_Rabbit69]

This is misinformation read the bible to find true facts about our existence.

[@zxyatiywariii8]

Yes, I agree. This is a gem, and I'm grateful I somehow found this video.

[@Dodgey_Damo]

Indonesia probably has more species than just the hobbit. Imagine what might exist in more remote islands.

[@greenbean5186]

@@Dodgey_Damo america did a lot of colonial imperialist genocide in indonesia though.

[@rabidpichu7391]

All of his content is great, his soothing voice, thorough research, and effort are all top notch. His ancient human series dives into each of these much deeper, each about a half hour to a hour in length. That's my personal favorite series he does.

[@mikelopez6928]

its amazing how so many people deny all of this simply because it contradicts their spiritual beliefs. great video.

[@MySpaceDxC_Suffo_AtTheGates]

It doesn’t contradict religion.

[@Aveeguides]

@@MySpaceDxC_Suffo_AtTheGates then why do the abrahamic religions have false narratives of history written in their books? If it doesn’t contradict religion, then why do so many Jews, Christians, and Muslims get angry and deny evolution is what created humans?

[@James-kv6kb]

Or situation's like Australia where the Aboriginal people won't allow any research to be done because they're so scared to death of finding that people were here before them which means they lose their claimed all the compensation despite there being cave painting evidence

[@kuyab9122]

@@MySpaceDxC_Suffo_AtTheGates Even Judeo-Christian? How?

[@theleathersofa]

Videos like this just make me feel so grateful and blessed to not only live in the time period I do. But i also feel proud to be a part of such a resilient species. How amazing is it that out of all the things that have happened, you just so happened to be born NOW and not in some other time period? I feel as though humans have complicated things with the ways we deal with one another, and I’m sure some of these issues existed even back in the days of Homo Erectus. But part of me feels like it was so much more simple. For us to have evolved to the point where we have the responsibility of maintaining the planet marvels me. Idk maybe I’m trippin

[@NATHANSROOM]

Nah ur spitting dawg

[@mastixencounter]

You could have also existed during those times in a past life but you currently just don’t know it

[@James-kv6kb]

I don't know about looking after the planet when we have billions of people acting like 10-year-olds playing with Chinese plastic toys totally disregarding the fact that it's killing the environment or the fact that all our widescreen TVs and electronic toys are doing the same

[@jem2886]

I believe we’re too smart for our own good then again life then was purely about protecting territory finding food and reproducing now we come by everything so easily all we have time for is overthinking

[@totalherenow]

Anthropologist here. Early humans (H. sapiens) were considerably more robust than contemporary humans, nearly as robust as Neanderthals. Additionally, they had similar caloric requirements, with Neanderthals needing roughly 4400 and humans around 3600-4000. Our species didn't loose its great robusticity until around 40kya to 13kya, and it dropped of slowly. Also, excellent video, thank you.

[@robertbradley9825]

I’ve heard this before, but I’m confused how the less robust traits were spread to all the human lineages when we were already out of Africa 40kya. Do some extant human lineages retain the older robust features? Or was it a convergent evolution?

[@totalherenow]

@@robertbradley9825 Gene flow. The hallmark of human evolution over the past 200k years is gene flow and migration. It's easy for us to misunderstand how connected ancient populations were because we see vast distances and small populations and mistakenly imagine they were isolated. Along the lines of migration, various foraging populations lived and exchanged genes (married, had babies, etc) with populations next to them. Over generational time, novel genes, especially successful ones, travel up and down the migration pathways. This is called the "trellis model." There are a few examples of populations that became truly isolated - in these, you start seeing genetic drift take over, sometimes with unpredictable results, and usually a loss of technological progress. But no human population stays isolated long enough to evolve into a subspecies, that'd require tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. Populations can evolve novel genes that best fit their environment, though. These genes aren't very successful outside of specific geography and so don't travel well.

[@robertbradley9825]

@@totalherenow what a thorough response, thank you! So by that logic, even “isolated” populations like the indigenous Australians and Andamanese made contact with other “continental” human lineages at some point over the last few tens of kya?

[@totalherenow]

@@robertbradley9825 Yes, that's correct. The indigenous Australians had contact with those living on nearby islands in the PNG chain (the lowlanders. The highlanders were very isolationist, but even they usually exchanged wives from outside their group). And, if you read up on the Andaman Islanders, you'll see that they've had contact with outsiders over the past hundred years (and definitely more contact prior). Probably the indigenous Tasmanians reached a very high level of isolation before being contacted by the Europeans, but even that wouldn't have been total, nor that long over generational time. If you think of groups of people as populations of genes instead, it's probably easier to visualize the gene flow across geographic and cultural barriers (and the cultural ones don't usually last long enough).

[@whateverbro9955]

@@robertbradley9825 they just pull "facts outta there asses, we've found like maybe a few thousand good bones and skeletons, there were billions of them over millions of years, just like like everyone is built different now I'm sure it was the same then to.

[@theicepickthatkilledtrotsk658]

There is something so fascinating about species that were so similar to us, who now are gone.

[@ChubbyTeletubby]

History, science, spirituality All part of the same stew Savor it.

[@bigfirepop]

@@ChubbyTeletubby thanks now I'm hungry.

[@NavarroRefugee]

A lot of them interbred with humans, so at least to some extent they still live on in modern human populations.

[@jakesmall8875]

We still have denisovan and Neanderthal DNA but it’s in very tiny amounts

[@EhPlusSimRacing]

@@angh18 what evidence do you have that they were exterminated, as opposed to not being able to adapt quickly enough to a changing climate, or being out competed for resources by other species?

[@wendellmacscience3633]

Fantastic channel! Thank you for putting all these videos together so brilliantly and capturing just how interesting and complex our evolutionary past is, not to mention how challenging it must be to study. Great work!

[@LoveMusic-pd5iz]

I applaud this entire presentation! Accurate when it's possible with discussion about why when accuracy is not possible. Great narration, super visuals and lovely background music.

[@bomcstoots1]

It's HORRIBLY inaccurate. And hilarious.

[@notcherbane3218]

I find it fascinating that the old concept of humans developed from one single line is turned out to be incorrect that we are more like branches of trees interwoven

[@libertybell7145]

I think so too. This is a marvelous development!

[@AspireGMD]

It's kinda weird how many parallels between biological evolution and linguistics there are, they come about and function nearly identically.

[@James-kv6kb]

Out Of Africa was totally ridiculous we had the oldest human versions living at the end of the line it simply doesn't make sense

[@daniell1483]

I grew up being taught that the achievements of any other hominins to be irrelevant or at most primitive forgeries of things real humans achieved. It is very humbling to know that isn't the case, to know that very often modern humans took ideas from other groups. We truly stand on the shoulders of those who came before us in a way that is hard to understand in the modern world.

[@Imaworldstar-jw3yj]

i am studying english online be my friend..

[@bishopandcompany7337]

Thats not really true. For the most part sapiens were the inventers

[@MrBark1969]

@@Imaworldstar-jw3yj I don't speak Japanese

[@Salacious-Crumb]

Name me one idea we got from another group of humans ?

[@daniell1483]

@@Salacious-Crumb Based on archeology, tool use apparently.

[@mommawolf9653]

Why haven't I ever found this channel? Love the relaxing voice, and very soft background music. Also, the very clear information.

[@Lanaprivitera]

I'm enjoying the content immensely and I truly appreciate your calm, soothing tone of voice. It makes listening to your videos a very pleasant experience. Thank you so much!!

[@achimpanzee9210]

There’s definitely a lot more than most people would think and likely more to come.

[@ChubbyTeletubby]

Good point our "timeline" perception, or just our perception of time, isn't very... wide view, you know? Even global warming. Earth will be fine. Life will thrive, die off, thrive again. Imagine what fascinating species there will be in a couple million years! A drop in the bucket, really. A thousand years is like a millisecond in this universe Ah Hell... what am I saying? We don't even know what time is. OR space! Lol It's all a big black bottomless hole!!!!!😁

[@davidstaudohar8147]

Let's talk about Nostradamus and his quantrill's from 1555 how he says the Chinese plague is released upon the planet Earth and in twenty years 98% of all the species on the planet perish they stopped publishing the number of covid deaths because it was outrageous

[@davidstaudohar8147]

@@ChubbyTeletubby everyone's perception is different and the only black hole that I've really had to deal with on this planet with is my ex-wife with a $500,000 .a year. Income from my company , she wasn't satisfied she stole from me every time my back was turned a bottomless black hole that was never satisfy greed Knows No Boundaries pretty much like the universe

[@_robustus_]

There is no more to come since extinction is coming for us. Get ready for the age of rats and cockroaches.

[@achimpanzee9210]

@@_robustus_ I meant archaic human species. But it is possible for modern Homo sapiens to diversify into different types of humans

[@badassat69]

Top quality video. With the voice of a kind father who tells histories of anthropology to his children before they fall asleep at night. Before this video, I was kinda confused about all the species of hominids, where they lived, when they lived, who our ancestors were, etc. Now I understand why I was confused, and I understand that the science keeps evolving with each find. Thank you for this summary, North 02.

[@unapologeticella4540]

😃

[@godschild3640]

@@unapologeticella4540. GOD MADE REAL HUMANS. NOT THE NEPHLIUM GIANTS. ANIKAM GIANTS. A LIST IN. Deuteronomy 20:17.

[@Richie_Alpha_Rabbit69]

Why do you lie to your kids?! They will grow up to become drug addicts and/or radical homosexuals because they think we evolved from rocks rather than being made in gods image. Trust the bible not atheist lunatics grasping at straws to come up with alternative theories.

[@mynamemyrules7528]

​@@ace_5677hes joking or maybe hes not, but if he ain't joking well thats just sad LOL

[@James-kv6kb]

Everybody's mentioning his voice I haven't watched the video yet but I'm assuming he's a robot

[@jwyz26]

It’s amazing how far humankind has come that we went from carving stone tools for hunting to now watching a video about our origins on a cool electronic device that somehow contains all the information ever recorded. I don’t know how any educated person can ever deny evolution when it’s written all over our existence

[@adamscott3304]

truly is amazing how have we all come as a species.

[@James-kv6kb]

The problem is you're so excited about the future that you don't realise that these electronic toys that are keeping you occupied and keep you from noticing what's going on are so insidious. In the last 20 years since Google came out human intelligence has dropped dramatically now humans feel they can't make a statement if they're hate group hasn't already approved it ,we allow Google to get us arguing so they can sell that content and of course if Google is now running the world we're only going to get the political narrative of the Americans not the rest of the world which is extremely dangerous considering how that country operates . Most modern humans have no idea what's going on and I believe we're actually the stupidest people ever to walk the face of the earth . Most of them are completely useless without electronic assistance which is exactly what Google wanted every part of our life to be making money for them. Everything Google has come up with, we used to be able to do but we weren't paying the Americans to do it .

[@rogerking7258]

Many thanks, you've managed to make this both entertaining and informative, which is surely the best way to learn. I greedily absorbed the whole thing - but a special mention must go to the comedy covering up of the naughty bits.

[@KevinBReynolds]

It is rare to find uploads wherein content, audio, and video are all done well. Thank you for great content in a very accessible presentation. It makes for an interesting, informative, and very enjoyable experience.

[@Road_Rash]

Well, this is a platform that caters to, & was built on amateur video, so why would you expect any different?

[@vicentegambini8907]

it would be interesting to interact with all the different human species that existed in the past, especially homo floresienis.

[@jacob4920]

homo erectus', I hear, were pretty big hornballs, hence their name. lol

[@dookester.manoftruth7773]

@Vicente Gambini Lmao 😆😂🤣 The Human species never changed. Open your eyes people-- do your own extensive research to find and test presented evidence. Science is slowly but surely catching up to the Truth the Bible tells. Evolution is a false theory.

[@JusNoBS420]

@@Neoprototype I can tell your family tree is a stick

[@werren894]

just watch lord of the rings

[@beastmaster0934]

@@JusNoBS420 Nah, it’s probably a wreath.

[@jward891]

Thank you so much for this video. Your voice is soothing and your characterization of human evolution as fluid and always subject to reinterpretation is great!

[@James-kv6kb]

If he's that good he's probably a robot

[@DOUBLEDEEZ619]

it reminds me of a Joe Pera video

[@drewisaac9884]

The Komodo dragon is not a product of Insular gigantism. We know this cannot be the case because of fossil remains of larger varanids from Australia. Varanids have a different biology than most lizards. Their metabolisms are higher and they are quite active. About as active as a mammal of similar size. They've been known to actively chase down mammalian prey. The komodo dragon is not an isolated giant lizard, it is an average sized varanid that managed to survive to the present day.

[@ferocentaur13]

All animals, including humans, are products of genetic engineering and gene tampering. Chimerism.

[@adamscott3304]

in australia we had the megalania, it was a 7m long and as heavy as a car, that is the average varanid, the rest got smaller as we didnt just kill them on sight.

[@douglasgrist7455]

I would love for you to do a channel about how indigenous Australians arrived in Australia. Australia never seems to come up in your colour charts, just saying. Thank you for your efforts. Douglas from Australia

[@Eidolon1andOnly]

Do an entire _channel?_ Or did you mean a *video?*

[@arroeducarlion4990]

which ones? the indigenous or the tamil islanders who now call themselves aboriginals that genocided them?

[@abhisheksharma-sb3er]

@@arroeducarlion4990 wtf?

[@abhisheksharma-sb3er]

Indigenous ausies are human not a sub spices, may be that's why

[@arroeducarlion4990]

@@abhisheksharma-sb3er ? archeological evidence and DNA profiling has proven the " aboriginals" are tamil island decendants who have been in australia only the last 20 thousand years where as the indiginous " tasmanian " aboriginal have archeological traces upon the mainland dating back 60 thousand years and more. i wonder why the " tasmanian " aboriginals ceased to exist on the mainland while the tamil islanders flourished....

[@chrislive1586]

I love the information. Sounds reliable and factual and any ideas put forth are smart, thought out, and plausible (or explained if dissmissable). - My favorite is the video lay-out. MAPPING the species as they've been found and grouped together. And comparing bones and skulls with their applied name. Much appreciation!

[@brynbstn]

Excellent video. Yours are the best in this category - the writing is very clear and straightforward - pure information, no annoying tangents, comedy and histrionics like other creators. And your voice is so calm and even, it's a pleasure to listen to. Surprised to see the blocking of "private parts" - did YT sensorship give you trouble? It seems prudish and unnecessary for a science focused video - these drawings aren't even of modern humans. The one tangent - the big foot comment - was a surprise and broke the narrative, I don't think pre-emptive dismissals of of pseudo science are necessary, maybe you could leave that to another video, if you feel strongly about it (you clearly do!). Thanks for your high quality work, I'm looking forward to watching many more...

[@Josee7991]

Bery informative and yet simple video. I'm currently studying to refresh all I learned in college and this video helped me evem more than some classes lol. Just truly appreciated, amazing video.

[@karinac.3378]

It is so beautiful yet so sad to have little pieces dating back millions of years and thinking what was really going on at that time.. and such a long evolution involving all the species while some disappeared for ever. we only live a short life and will never get to know much...it feels so strange to have to use the little time we get on this planet to work for money that is needed to buy the food and pay for amusement parks, cellphones,internet ... that have been invented only a second ago...

[@speedomars3869]

3m years is an eyeblink in the history of the planet (and that only takes in the homonid evolution) and all life taken together. Wanna really get your mind blown? Think about the life forms that were largely wiped out in the FIVE great extinctions. All of life starting over in a sense. And the planet is still only middle aged.

[@gary4689]

@@speedomars3869 six, counting the microorganism extinction event that took place when algae first evolved. This extinction came closer to eliminating all life than any other.

[@michaelszczys8316]

I didn't see any of that, I guess it was too far before my time

[@StrawHalo]

Modern working is slavery for mankind

[@speedomars3869]

@@StrawHalo What are you talking about? Having a job? Deadbeat?

[@amykreilly]

I'm really digging your style and narration. I've been subscribed for a while and I am ALWAYS excited to see what you do next. Keep on keeping on!

[@kalbyr9667]

Great video. And yea, you got me with the Bigfoot stuff. However, no Bigfoot remains isn’t a surprise and whether or not Gigantopithecus was bipedal or not, doesn’t mean that it’s descendant couldn’t be. Either way, you did spark an outcry from me. Great video. Everything you covered is so important to our history and is one of the most under appreciated area of research.

[@gypsyfreek]

The narrator's voice is excellent for curing insomnia.

[@adastra5346]

Such a great job on this one North 02. My absolute favorite channel on history.

[@davidviner5783]

Excellent video on a topic that can be complicated and confusing. It was particularly impressive that much technical jargon was avoided whilst still including sufficient detail, making this topic accessible to any interested person.

[@James-kv6kb]

Nothing worse with a know it all who uses great big long words and excessively complicated language to make themselves out to be intelligent ,its nice when people just speak in plain English

[@blueberries1082]

i wish i had your videos when my adhd brain struggling through first semester of college. your explanations are so much better than my professor who preferred to be lazy and bad mouth his "rival" professor who got a book deal over doing his job.

[@drakeh8162]

Great doc. What's the lovely music in the background?

[@ChattahoocheeRiverRat]

I had read about various hominid species before, but I wasn't following how the early hominids spread and evolved. This presentation puts it all together in a way that make sense. Bravo !!

[@kimsikoryak3830]

Really excellent video: current, measured, reasonable, and avoiding the axe grinding of some paleoanthropologist nerds. Also, very pleasant and calm voice-so much better than all of the irritating robo-voices out there. I felt like I was hearing a great story from an accomplished storyteller. Keep up the good work. It’s always pleasant to experience a pro doing good things.

[@garyp4374]

storytelling is right he can't explain a group of people that resemble the first human beings in Australia

[@noahjohnson2004]

U prolly voted for trump.. what a deplorable

[@jurgschupbach3059]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/b3_NeIKVm9Coldk

[@elultimo102]

I concur with your opinion of the narrator. There are many with beautiful speaking voices, who could narrate these videos. Why do they resort to the robo-voices? Are they too cheap to hire a live speaker?

[@freedpeeb]

I love to think of that line of personal ancestors each of us has stretching back into the mists of time, and thank each one of them that we are here.

[@Fionn-Greyship]

Your documentary is not only educative but also very calming ❤❤

[@swim2kill]

Helps put into perspective how advanced our species was even as far back as the bronze age. Maybe there was a civilization or even multiple, 10,000 years before the bronze age who were just as advanced as bronze age civilizations whose traces remain undiscovered and buried. It is not outside the realm of possibility but we will never know..for now. Awesome content. I wish those little mini humans still existed. I would have liked to have be friends with them. I learned from Tolkien that hobbits are good friends to have lol

[@daffodil815]

Me too! Their SO CUTE!!

[@SuperGGLOL]

@@daffodil815they’ll just get bullied by most humans. You see how we treat each other? 😂😢

[@pauljcross2289]

I find it hard to believe there were not recently different human species....e,g, the South American humans were isolated for tens of thousands of years....there is a chance that world powers won't all human sub species to be acknowledged

[@tanyaphilstrom7077]

They do still exist

[@ghostxl8525]

​​​@@pauljcross2289tens of thousands of years is not enough time to create a new species, you need at lest half a million years at minimum to create a sub-species, and 1 million years minimum for a new species

[@catharinegunderson8493]

Amazing! I have learned more from watching this presentation about our ancestors than any other time. Thank you.

[@user-oi1iq6tt4j]

Why isn't this talked about in the mainstream, I find it so fascinating

[@MySpaceDxC_Suffo_AtTheGates]

It’s fear.

[@user-oi1iq6tt4j]

@@MySpaceDxC_Suffo_AtTheGates fear of what ?

[@gregs4563]

Thanks good work

[@TallulahBelle3276]

This is so fascinating. I’m learning more on with your content than I did in school. I’m much more interested now. I think you learn more when you’re interested. Thank you for such excellent content.

[@cg256y9]

The tree dwelling Naledi with brains less than half the size of ours deposited their dead in caves? It almost suggests primitive ritual or religious beliefs? Interesting and amazing stuff! Great video! Keep them coming!

[@Lionesssa12]

They weren’t tree dwelling . We find dozens of them in Dinoledi chambers , cave dwellers if anything

[@forestdweller5581]

They didn't find dozens of Naledi. They identified 15 individuals in Dinaledi chamber. And 3 more in Lesedi chamber. No evidence at all of funerary practice. No evidence at all even of using tools for that matter. Anatomical evidence suggest they walked upright but were also built for climbing. As for ritual or religious beliefs...what nonsense. There is no evidence for that in any prehistoric species. Not even in our own species, let alone these Naledi guys 3 hundred thousand years ago. That's just ridiculous.

[@harrietharlow9929]

Assuming that the evidence supports the religion hypothesis it would show that respect for the dead was present on the genus homo farther back than previously known. There may have also been a religious impulse along with respect for the dead but so far we don't know.

[@forestdweller5581]

@@harrietharlow9929 What evidence? There is none. And funerary practice predates religion by a long long time so that's no indication at all.

[@harrietharlow9929]

@@forestdweller5581 I know how .uch so many in the evolutionist community would love to eliminate a religious impulse from any hominid except h. sapiens. Fact is, we don't know what these ancient hominids were thinking or feeling. I'll grant that a religious impulse is not immediately discernable and may never be. Some sort of a glimmering of respect for the dead is, however, discernable. And my ok I ion is that taking care of their diad may have given rise to thought on things they didn't understand and thinking a higher being might exist.

[@amandareed1871]

I really enjoy the video it was very educational. I wasn’t aware of the different types of people millions, thousands of years ago.

[@galynnzitnik4600]

A speculation: the co-existence of multiple hominids at the same time with overlapping territories, might have provided the selection pressure that created Homo sapiens as a distinct species. In other words, competition between hominids created the modern human brain.

[@A808K]

Excellent presentation. Clearly, chronologically and coheasively presented. Thank you NORTH 02

[@noahjohnson2004]

Typical thing a communist like yourself would say... LETS GO BRANDON

[@JusNoBS420]

@@noahjohnson2004 I can tell your family tree doesn’t fork. Yeah who’s your favorite NASCAR driver?? 😮

[@Spongebrain97]

Homo Naledi really intrigues me because by the time Sapiens, Neandethals, Denisovins, and Florensis were around, Naledi was still hanging around being more primitive

[@prashantmishra9985]

Florensis was also primitive

[@KathyPrendergast-cu5ci]

Many human-like species branched out and went in all kinds of different directions, changing only when survival demanded it. The brain uses up a huge amount of food energy, so a species isn't going to evolve a larger and more complex brain unless it's worth the price. The ones that remained primitive probably lived in an environment that gave them plenty of resources so didn't demand much of them, beyond agility and physical strength, as long as the climate remained the same. Naturally changing climate was probably what led to the dying out of all these offshoots, along with competition for resources from more intelligent and adaptable branches of our species.

[@shantimau4702]

Great video!

[@Hollowdude15]

So that is how many species of humans their was back then and great video man :]

[@Bigd843]

This reminds me of my anthropology class. I had to chart out all the known hominids in order from date to region to cranial capacity and various facts about each.

[@noahjohnson2004]

Ya well you voted for Joe Biden so you shouldn't even be commenting

[@Mrflowpy]

@@noahjohnson2004 you’re corny

[@LEMcCoy-lx9xm]

@@noahjohnson2004 guess what

[@Omgits7ito]

@@noahjohnson2004 this is embarrassing, you should be embarrassed.

[@garywillis9528]

Unfortunately genetics doesn't really support evolution.

[@monkeywrench2800]

Brilliant, as always! Thank you!!

[@isabellabraganca1095]

This vídeo was very informative and relaxing, thank you!

[@goatwarrior3570]

300,000 years of existence and we still can't cope with the fact females have nipples...

[@Woopersolo]

Nipples😍

[@tracyobrien2816]

Thanks for such wonderfully made production ..SO fascinating ! Love how you move slowly thru each species and subspecies, North. You give my mind space to soak it in....all life here is on a fluid, ever changing course. Our time is Rich in discoveries and sharing ! Thank you tremendously!

[@noahjohnson2004]

Your a left wing Communist... I bet you keep a picture of Joseph Stalin In your wallet

[@weissrw1]

Very good discussion about what's a species!!! When I first started watching you last year, I was totally stumped on the issue. I stuck with you though and I've had a great education from you. Thanks!!!

[@davidlambert855]

Great Video, except could KZbin explain to us why, when we click on the Replay Button the Video doesn't play from the beginning and starts from some predetermined Point in the Show?

[@mushroomwonderland1]

Cool video, well done

[@patriciagreen2627]

This was a high quality video. I will be watching some of your other videos.

[@jakemoeller7850]

Your videos are very enjoyable and well worth viewing more than once. Thank you for the dedication, hard work and wonderful presentation. 👍💛👍💛👍

[@tianaadair3221]

Fantastic! Thanks so much for this great vid.

[@JeffTheHokie]

One problem is that "species" is not an equivalence class, but a distance relation. The relation "is the same species as" is not transitive. It is similar relation to the phrase "is within 5 miles of". You are the same species as a parent, who is the same species as either of his/her parents, and so on all the way back, even to the common ancestor we share with cockroaches. We are slightly different from our children, our parent, our cousins, etc, but we are not different enough to any two humans currently alive to be considered as different species.

[@edwardpike3386]

I remember seeing a 1 hour TV show around 1960 on Nat Geo about some of the archaic human finds of Louis Leake in East Africa. I thought it was great. archeology has come a long way in the last 60 years. I enjoyed this program just as much if not more than that Louis Leake show. It's hard to believe that you do this channel as a sideline. It sounds like you have a PHD in archeology. This is the best show yet. Thanks

[@chyngyzkudaiarov4423]

how is it that this video doesn't get ten times more views than it currently gets?! your channel is a gem, man, can't believe I get to see this free of charge

[@BojanBojovic]

It is simple, humans prefer conspiracy theories and other stupid things, those do not need allot of thinking.

[@MG-fn9xw]

Bc it’s not based on facts. It’s based on a theory, THERE STILL IS NO MISSING LINK! We don’t evolve, we die out. Adaptation is the truth of truths, we haven’t been on earth for 100s of thousands of years, its ludicrous. It’s a hell of a religion I’ll tell. We see adaptation take place in nature all over!

[@chrislocke2062]

Right! This was great, well presented and super informative. Imagine what this creator could do with cable channel budget. I learned more in this 30 minute video than I have watching seasons of cable TV. Well done

[@mungabwacharlesmubita9933]

I would wish you to discuss about those that were found in South and North America.

[@PureZOOKS]

This is the first time I have heard the concept of h. Neandethalis and H.Sapiens having different ancestors. I remember being told as a young man, that either they were two subspecies of h.sapiens OR they both evolved from h. heidelbergensis.

[@greensiren7839]

I’d always been told erectus was our direct ancestor so it’s very interesting to learn otherwise. Good video, I learned a lot from it

[@vanyakouveli3113]

Erectus means "standing up". The proper word is sapiens from the Latin verb sapio (:to think) and loquens (from verb loquor : to speak) in 35.000 b.C

[@100perdido]

"Our direct ancestor"? Speak for yourself, please.

[@babydolphin2423]

​@@100perdido lmao

[@babydolphin2423]

Maybe your direct ancestor yes 😂

[@mikemccormick6128]

@@vanyakouveli3113 There is nothing wrong with what greensiren said. He had always been told that Homo Erectus was our direct ancestor. There is nothing to correct. Sapiens is NOT our direct ancestor because we ARE Homo Sapiens.

[@tavish4699]

can you make videos about the first civilisations please, i think the way you make your videos is perfect for a format like that your quality is amazing

[@mikeharrison1868]

Stefano milo does some good stuff on e.g. the transition from hunter gathering to farming and early civilizations. And there are lots of other history channels. Best not to get people to stretch themselves too thin.

[@TheBaBaTV]

First civilization was in north iraq (Mesopotamia) !

[@lexusnissian]

How would he know that? would that not be filled with opinions and inaccurate images?

[@tavish4699]

@@lexusnissian there is scientific evidence for so many things Im talking about civilisation Whole empires with big cities like the sumerians for example

[@babs926]

I love your videos! So well done, at the same time entertaining and educating ❤

[@CypressVintage]

Absolutely facinating work and detailed presentation. Enlightening. Thank you.

[@Where_is_Waldo]

Great vid. I hadn't heard about Sapiens Idaltu for a while, good to know what's going on with the classification of those remains.

[@thinwolf4516]

love the topics you cover. Additionally, love your organization and presentation of the topic. You have a great voice as well, makes it easy to listen and watch. Please keep it up the good work!

[@thinwolf4516]

by the way I'm new. I just subscribed

[@franks4973]

Very nice video, I appreciate the conservative approach. I’d like if you included data on what % of a skeleton has been found since some have been extrapolated from tiny fragments. Other interesting data would be to layer on the global catastrophes and how that might have affected survival.

[@Danh104]

Well done, keep up the good work.

[@pencilpauli9442]

Thank you I find it hard to keep track of which hominid was when and where It's great to have a video like this as a resource. Of course a couple of finds and you may have to do, "How Many Species of Humans Were There v.2" lol But by gum it's an exciting field of research

[@ryanshaw4250]

in the Aboriginal Australian folklore they talk of the time of the rainbow serpent and that picture of the hobbit sized humans being eaten by the komodo dragons must have been terrifying. I really feel that it would have been such a survival concern to kill those things at all costs as a tribal survival need. Also the Māori talk about birds with 12 ft wingspans which could pick up a horse and fly away with it obviously eating humans as well.. As humans spread around the world and discovered new areas like new zealand, island reigons, mega reigons like the amazon and siberia, im sure they would have HORRIBLE surprises like finding massive birds of prey and dinosaur like predators. This video producer talks about different evolutions which were bigger or stronger going afar and settling new areas and im sure there were other terrifying apex predators we dont even think of from anaconda ancestors to tiger or lion ancestors and others which we cant even think of but in this battle for global apex domination, its amazing how the tactical mind overcame such physical superiority of other apex predators.

[@KathyPrendergast-cu5ci]

I think because our species has always had language we've passed along a lot of memories of actual creatures that have long since died out, that our distant ancestors co-existed with. I think the video maker is a little too dismissive of stories of Bigfoot, considering all the indigenous cultures that have always firmly believed in the existence of such a creature, both in North America and Asia. At the very least, he should consider the possibility that we shared our world with some very primitive relative of our first bipedal ancestors, something even more primitive than the Australopithicenes, more recently than we imagined, enough for stories of actual sightings and encounters to become part of oral tradition, rather than just dismiss it all as a "cult". It's at least theoretically possible that such a species could have spread out into other continents just like our species did, only much earlier, and unlike us, not changed very much except grow larger. If so, our own species would have reasonably been terrified of it, but perhaps also learned to respect it.

[@fukkitful]

They've discovered skulls with holes that could have been made by being grabbed by an extinct large eagle. The skull was from one of our early relatives that was only around 3-4' tall.

[@JohnSmith-cz9om]

Spear hole, maybe?

[@awakenotwoke1973]

Haast's Eagle. But Maoris didn't know what a horse was until the Eagle was long extinct.

[@angelarch5352]

After ancient humans invented the spear, it was game over for every other animal on this planet. Land, sea air, it didn't matter anymore where any predatory animal lived. Game over man,

[@cfuller926]

like to see this done graphically with location, time period, etc (just last mil yrs). An extrapolation could be made for evolutionary connection one to next, migration, language development, etc. ... ... Is this work compiled in one specific paper? Like a cite for tht as well. Thanks so much for the vid.

[@wichetleelamanit6195]

Thank you for the information. I hit like and subscribed to your channel.

[@draganjagodic4056]

As ever, excellent, valuable work Sir. Thoroughly researched and presented. Thank You so much.

[@garyp4374]

I'm guessing you American

[@bradleywillis1654]

It’s been a pleasure watching your channel evolve

[@davidcopson5800]

Your comment has really grown on me.

[@avalancheKT]

I have been very interested on the subject of hominids for a long time now. I was doing an essay for my music coursework about the voice. I somehow ended up down a rabbit hole finding out about vocal cords and how a neanderthals layrnx was positioned higher in the neck than other hominids, which made it so they were less likely to choke while eating and had more limitation with speech. They had higher pitched voices because of the location of the larynx. I dont know how i ended up there but it started a fascination with learning about hominids and the differences between all of them. How they were evolutionary superior in some ways and less in others. I really wish i had done anthropology rather than music

[@BenitKolburn]

I love your content, don't change anything, you're on top 👍

[@4Beats4Me]

Wonderful work you do. The visuals speak to so many questions that are on that spectrum of evolution - and debate. Keep it coming. So much good teaching skill here!

[@artmdc]

As always, an awesome and very informative video. Someone get this man a medal!

[@hazemtawfik556]

Excellent and very informative information. The video concentrate on human evolution in Africa, Europe and Asia; how about North and South America? did humans migrate from the East to the West of the world or there were some human spices that exist and evolved in the American continents?

[@genericname108]

So a REAAALLLYYY long story short, there’s been a whole lot 👍

[@zemoxian]

I’ve often thought prehistoric times was a bit like Middle Earth with all the different human types running around. So I found it particularly amusing that there’s a period called the Muddle in the Middle [Earth]. 😊

[@devonbrockhaus6554]

This may have been covered by you already, or it could be too "biochemistry" for your channel, but I'd love to hear if there's been horizontal gene transfers in our species or genus. I know we supposedly inherited the syncytium genes for mammal placentas from an ancient retrovirus, but I'm wondering if there's been anything more "contemporary".

[@missewe]

excellent upload 👍

[@jonathaneffemey944]

Thanks for posting

[@CaJoAuGy]

Nevermind the top quality of this channel, too little cred is given to North’s extremely pleasant voice.

[@williammurphy1674]

Very informative and a great watch! I wanted to thank you for spending time on "Homo Ergaster" in it's own light instead of just lumping them in with "Homo Erectus!" as a whole sale "species" as many others do! Side by side skull comparisons of these extremely close in time parallel divergent groups shows undeniable differences between them in "Ergaster" having longer more angular faces and an antenuated bun at the back of the skull, which "Homo Erectus" lacks, while the "Erectus" has a more pronounced cheek bone structure as well as a very round head with no antenuated bun or more of a flat skull in the rear. I personally believe "Homo Ergaster" to be the forbearers of "Homo Heidelbergensis" which in turn led to the rise of "Homo Neanderthalensis". The skull affinities between these 3 groups seem pretty apparent, to me that is, in their morphology over time. Using the term "species" for each group could be misconstrued imo. It takes about 1.5 million years for "alopatric speciation" to occur between 2 distinct groups, yet having a common ancestor, where viable offspring that can not reproduce themselves starts to happen. Most, if not all, of these groups of early humans were probably not that long seperated by this length of time imo and the intermingling of genes that occured pushes the "alopatric speciation" clock back to zero hour with each occurence. The term "genus" for us is "Homo" and the names "Neanderthal" or "Sapiens" or "Sapiens Sapiens" considered "species" is all well and good, as long as the muddied term "species" does not infer the inability of intermingling with in the the genus "Homo" .. in my humble opinion! :)

[@airforce1872]

Природа даровала нам всё самое лучшее, взятое от прежних обитателей на земле.А мы,человечество, нажимаем кнопку самоуничтожения всё чаще и чаще..Опомнись, ЧЕЛОВЕК.

[@xarzu]

Good Job !!

[@suhani551]

As someone who wants to be an archeologist in the future, this was a fun video to watch!

[@kssgpv]

oops that's paleontologist

[@michaelgallone7409]

Yay !

[@charlestaylor8355]

This video is awesome, keep up the great work. A video on prehistoric technologies that were first developed in Africa like the bow and arrow and then spread to the rest of the world would be nice.

[@bc2578]

Nobody knows where the first bow and arrow was developed, but the oldest known bow ever found is the Holmegaard bow and it was found in Denmark. Although any evidence of any type of technology actually originating in Africa would truly be interesting to ever hear about, if they ever find anything...

[@ashelywilliams1718]

@@bc2578 Nobody knows? I wouldn't go that far. The bow and arrow is much much older than the bow that was found in Denmark that only goes back 9 thousand years. Google "The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave". Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 April 2018. The oldest arrow heads have definitely been found in southern africa that at least goes back 60,000 years.

[@bc2578]

@@ashelywilliams1718 I don't know how far you would go, but the fact remains that, as I said, nobody knows where/by whom the first bow and arrow were developed. That's a fact. The oldest bow to have been found so far was found in Denmark, as I stated. That's a fact. The pointy stones found in that one cave in South Africa are presumed to be arrowheads, and they may or may not be. We don't know. In any case, it would be a stretch to expect a video to be made about archery as a technology that was created in Africa and exported worldwide, which is the suggestion that I was responding to.....

[@ashelywilliams1718]

@@bc2578 Stone? The study I told you to look up had to do with "bone" arrowheads, not stone arrowheads. How do you know what's fact or not, when didn't even look at the scientific study? Google: "How a handful of prehistoric geniuses launched humanity's technological revolution" By Nicholas R. Longrich, University of Bath. According to Nicholas, an actual expert who knows the "facts" Lol. The oldest arrowheads appeared in southern Africa over 70,000 years ago, likely made by the ancestors of the Bushmen, who’ve lived there for 200,000 years. Bows then spread to modern humans in East Africa, to south Asia 48,000 years ago, on to Europe 40,000 years ago, and finally to Alaska and the Americas, 12,000 years ago. A fun fact: Neanderthals never adopted bow and arrows. So why wouldn't he do a video on this again? Especially when there's scientific papers stating that the oldest arrowheads are in Africa 60 to 70 thousand years ago??? He can read the papers for himself and then give his own opinion, whether he thinks there are arrowheads or not. That's what he's been doing with these different human species type videos, so why not do it with Prehistoric Technologies? Lol. You make no sense whatsoever, sit down.

[@bc2578]

@@ashelywilliams1718 Well, because, you woketarded twit-sounding Karen, when I think of what would count as evidence of a bow or an arrow, you won't believe this next part, I'm thinking of an actual BOW and/or an actual ARROW. Not bits of bone or stone that may or may not have been sharpened by what may or may not technically be considered human beings into what may or may not have been arrowheads. The oldest bow found is from Europe. I mean, it's hot and dry in much of sub-Saharan Africa, you are much more likely to find a preserved bow and/or arrow in a dry cave there than anywhere else, so if they existed there, they would have been found by now. You can hope all you want, but getting all Karen about it and lecturing the world about what you wish was the case, I mean, it's entertaining to watch it happen, but don't expect adults to take you seriously, OK?

[@steveboyd359]

According to Maori in New Zealand they were the only peoples in the world, they discovered the wheel and fire, recently, information was released from one tribe, that they paddled their Waka's southwards and discover Antarctica as well as New Zealand on the way South. Fascinating