How The English Came To Rule In Ireland

The relationship between England (later Britain) and Ireland in the past several centuries has been complicated to put it mildly. For a long time, that relationship has been a colonial one as Britain saw Ireland as a part of its empire. But how did that relationship begin? In order to understand that, we have to look to the middle ages, specifically the twelfth century, and the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.
Support me on Patreon: / studiumhistoriae1215
Follow me on Instagram: / studium.historiae
Recommendations for further reading:
-Bartlett, Robert. The Making of Europe: conquest, colonization, and cultural change, 950-1350 (1993).
-Booker, Sparky. Cultural Exchange and Identity in Late Medieval Ireland: the English and the Irish of the four obedient shires (2018).
-Downham, Clare. Medieval Ireland (2018).
-Frame, Robin. Colonial Ireland: 1169-1369 (1981).
-Smith, Brendan, ed. Ireland and the English World in the Late Middle Ages: essays in honour of Robin Frame (2009).
-Sposato, Peter. "The Perception of Anglo-Norman Modernity and the Conquest of Ireland." In Comitatus 40 (2009): 25-44.
All images used in this video are either my own, in the public domain, under fair use, or under creative commons (whence they shall be credited appropriately)
creativecommon...
creativecommon...
Outro music: Laid Back Guitars by Kevin MacLeod, CC BY-SA 4.0
incompetech.com...
#ireland #history #medievalhistory #medieval #middleages #educational #irishhistory #england #englishhistory #geraldofwales #norman #dublin #leinster #churchhistory #conquest

[@studiumhistoriae]

Hello everyone! I just wanted to let you all know that I've finally created a Patreon account! If you think that my content is worth supporting monetarily, consider a monthly subscription. Note that I will continue to make videos regardless of how many people choose to support me on Patreon, so do not feel in any way obligated to do so if you don't really want to or can't. Also there are currently no perks or benefits, other than a shout out for those who choose the highest tier (if they want one), so it's really just if you have some disposable income you want to throw my way as a way to show appreciation. Alright I'll leave you alone now. patreon.com/StudiumHistoriae1215

[@CambrianChronicles]

A great summary as always, the Gaelicisation of some of the Norman landowners is particularly interesting because I’m not aware of it really happening anywhere else in England to that extent, although I might just be completely ignorant in that regard

[@Patrick3183]

There was near zero gaelic influence in England

[@vercingetorix3839]

@@Patrick3183 The Highlands are Irish colonies. The Irish converted the Anglo-Saxons and brought them into the Catholic church. There are numerous Irish colonies in Whales, Yorkshire, Cumbria, and Lincolnshire (although many of these were settled by the Anglo-Irish); and Irish migrations into London. It wasn't until the protestant reformation did the English sit firmly as the powerhouse of the Isles. Ireland was a loyal fiefdom of the Papal States and had more influence into England than England had influence into Ireland, until Pope Alexander III sold Ireland to the Normans-- and the English and Irish intermingled and exchanged heavily with one another through the Pale and through Chester and Bristol.

[@joanhuffman2166]

Weren't the Normans in England eventually anglicized? I'm pretty sure that's what happened eventually. So we shouldn't be surprised to see the Normans in Ireland becoming more Gaelic.

[@noodles5492]

⁠@@joanhuffman2166300 years the English spoke French as it’s official language so no. they more influenced us until we started speaking a more latinised English in 1362 I don’t think the Normans who arrived in England were still alive in 300 years

[@joanhuffman2166]

@noodles5492 300 years the English did not speak French, the overlord Norman conquerors spoke French. Still, they had to learn English so they could order the servants, serfs and peasants. Somewhere along the way, the descendants of the Normans were assimilated into English culture, although they certainly impacted the English language and culture too.

[@DonalLeader]

One of the best telling of the Norman Conquest of Ireland story I’ve ever heard. Great job.

[@kierandoran8196]

The Normans were invited here by the King of Leinster. De Clare was eventually persuaded it would be worth his while. Better known as Strongbow.

[@SandileNgwenya-gv7nx]

​@@kierandoran8196True but by this time a lot of them had intermarried with the English and that's why they are called Anglo-Normans

[@emcc8598]

@freebeerfordworkers Nope by the 12th century it was Henry II King of England who invaded Ireland setting sail from Britain in 1171 the same Henry whose family had already intermarried with both the Anglo-saxon and Scottish Royal families with a contemporary chronicler noting that by that time it was almost impossible to tell who was English and whobwas Norman. And it certainly wasn't the Normans kicked out of most of Ireland in 1922...

[@emcc8598]

@freebeerfordworkers Language changes over time with what is now English evolving from Norman French old English and other languages. The significant difference between Ireland and England being not that that the population in Ireland was mixed by the 17th century but rather what the English claiming that the old English in Ireland had become thoroughly gaelicised and using that as an excuse to reinvade and wipe out large parts of the Old English and Gaelic nobility. And I know it hurts but the fact remains the Irish kicked out the British administration from most of Ireland in 1922 following the war of Independence and that well recorded historical fact has nowt to do with Churchill’s or other British peers very British views on Ireland

[@suewood8538]

Having just read the title I was just about to comment it wasn't the English, the English are Anglo Saxons, it was the same Normans who conquered us and their families still run the country.

[@PatFoley-km6pc]

First time viewer from Ireland,have to say very well done, good work, one of the most informative and nuanced videos on Ireland for a while.

[@dogwhistle8836]

You did a great job with the Irish place names and did not rape my ears like many non Irish people who try to pronounce irish names and places

[@Patrick3183]

I’d rather hear Irish names Anglicized

[@emcc8598]

​@@Patrick3183I'm sure you would-no different to the Germans...

[@spazzymacgee5648]

​@@Patrick3183must be a jackeen

[@SJN861]

Chuffed to have found this. There is a lot of good content on KZbin. However, every now and again a gem like this comes along 👌

[@Mark723]

Another brilliantly researched video. Thank you, for such informative videos - and you're presentation is also quite well done: you have amazing diction and cadence, a pleasure to listen to every lesson.

[@studiumhistoriae]

Thank you for the kind words

[@SF-ru3lp]

The best account of this period that i have ever heard, and i've heard alot. Your video fills in all the blanks and gives me the important links, fleshing out the 'drivers' of the Norman invasion. I have enjoyed listening and re-listening to sections. Can't thank you enough. Delighted to subscribe. G Ire

[@terryroots5023]

A superbly accessible analysis of a complex subject.

[@lowersaxon]

Congratulations and many thanks for this. Quality work, in my humble opinion.

[@kristinebailey6554]

A breath of fresh air here! Irish history being told by someone without a British bias and accent. Thumbs up.

[@dontnoable]

Just a minor point to the central focus but hunting was largely ceremonial in early Ireland, rather than hunting for food which was rarer than other places around that time. Hunting was largely done in preparation for battle to learn the terrain or to strengthen social bonds. In fact eating animals was incredibly rare. Even though it was a cow based society, the cow was resource intensive to take care of, and was worth more alive to them that dead, so would be kept for milk, only being killed when older for very special occasions. Seaweed, nuts (especially hazelnuts), fruits, grains, legumes etc all featured much more prominently prior to the norman then English invasion.

[@malicant123]

I'm sad to say that very few people even in Ireland know precisely how the island came to be under the governance of the English. I myself am a keen student of history, but I know far, far more about the history or Britain and Europe than I do of my native land. This is something that I am slowly correcting. Thank you for this video.

[@ProfessorOFanthropology979]

There was no English invasion, dare I say no English settlement of Ireland either! It was all the doing of the papist Normans who invaded and settled Ireland! Pre Norman England had no habit of invading Ireland and enjoyed good relations with the Irish across the sea.

[@emcc8598]

​@ProfessorOFanthropology979 yeah sure - it was the Normans kicked out of most of Ireland in 1922😅

[@ProfessorOFanthropology979]

@@emcc8598 “kicked out?” You were given independence, there was no British military defeat that warrants the statement “we kicked them out”

[@emcc8598]

@@ProfessorOFanthropology979 Ah that always gets the brits sense of superiority lol - yup yez were kicked out of most of the country and good riddance

[@emcc8598]

@@ProfessorOFanthropology979 yup exactly that - always gets a reaction 🤣 The brits "gave" nothing - its literally called the war of Independence

[@eugenmalatov5470]

Incredible video. i had never heard about this conquestador time in Irish history

[@MML-gk5xc]

Long live Ireland

[@fredgillespie5855]

I hear that Ireland is subject to a new invasion.

[@TelegraphRoadWhittier]

Im a Geraldine/ FitzGerald/ Desmond descendant through my maternal grandfathers line. It was one of my ancestors who got the norse mercenaries off the beach and gained a foothold for the english. Ironic in we lost title after the Desmond rebellions for refusing to starve the people at their cousin elizabeth 1's royal command....rip, james, edward, and thomas❤

[@juanzulu1318]

Cmon, how do u can possibly know😂

[@leod-sigefast]

Normans.

[@theliato3809]

This helped to fill in some of the gaps I had about the era. Thanks

[@Clans_Dynasties]

I really enjoyed this video, Some great information well presented.

[@Patrick3183]

You made a mistake around 14:30 - there was no English nobility to speak of in the 11th century. The indigenous aristocracy had been completely replaced by Normans.

[@emcc8598]

The so called indigenous aristocracy of England prior to the Normans were a hodgepodge of the descendants of Angles Saxons Freisans Jutes and also Danes - the English of the 12th century being the inhabitants of England regardless of whatever mix of ethnicities were prevalent at that time. One hundred years after the Normans arrive in England, an chronicler wrote that 'The two nations had become so mixed that it is scarcely possible today, speaking of free men, to tell who is English and who is of Norman race'

[@Policestate41]

​​@@emcc8598yes but how many men were ' free' ? , most of the population , the serfs weren't free , they were the property of their lord who was norman, free men were people like the barons , also norman , the clergy also norman , the only ' free' english would of been artisans who were in guilds ,90% of the population wasn't ' free '

[@emcc8598]

@Smokemeakipper41 not just Normans - an estimated 20-30% were designated slaves in Anglo-saxon times. Ethnicity had nowt do do with any of it but at least the Normans eventually got rid of slavery

[@emcc8598]

Absolutely

[@fintanduffyable]

*Norman invasion of England then also most of Ireland, descendants of William the conqueror still hold a lot of power and land in Britain today👍

[@Patrick3183]

Especially his descendant the current king ;)

[@SuperEwokk]

Very interesting and clearly explained. Thank you.

[@sarala9794]

Thank you for being so intelligent! Please don't let this go to your head. I really appreciate your very detailed and thoughtful presentation of history. How did you come across and synthesize this narrative? Bless you.

[@studiumhistoriae]

@@sarala9794 lots of research combined with several years studying medieval history 😆 but even so, it's not easy and I've had to gloss over lots of things

[@qboxer]

A well balanced survey of Anglo Ireland. Well done.

[@sereysothe.a]

long live ireland

[@michaelconnolly7681]

Such an informative video. I'm from Ireland and it's great to see the bigger picture here.

[@GoldenCycloneGaming]

Incredible how similar the justifications were for colonization of Ireland in the 1100s to the justifications for colonizations of the Americas, Africa, Asia (and still Ireland) many centuries later

[@dontnoable]

An interesting book called Caliban and the Witch (Federici) also suggests that the British state, after seeing how effectively the witch trials were at disciplining the working class on home soil, then exported witch trials as an important tool of colonial expansion, since the emerging capitalist class had to start expanding beyond the British borders. Perhaps a note for gender essentialism in the book, but it is an important bit of history (the story of the establishment of capitalism)

[@Mark723]

Thanks!

[@studiumhistoriae]

Thank you!

[@TriBgarage]

Very interesting, please at sometime extend this to the other years you mentioned at the end. Interesting how the north and north west that was more resistance to English, is now Northern Ireland.

[@user-bf3pc2qd9s]

Not all of it. 6 counties of Ulster were separated from the rest of the country and form Northern Ireland. Donegal,Cavan and Monaghan are in the Republic of Ireland. Driving from the Antrim coast to Derry, which I once did, you go into Ireland and back out again...

[@spazzymacgee5648]

​@@user-bf3pc2qd9sno you dont

[@pt_1070]

This film should be on British tv, main channel, prime time.

[@bobosborne1573]

What because it’s complete nonsense lol. Typical American talking bollocks lol

[@bobmckenna5511]

Excellent production and presentation .

[@juancarlosmateo8453]

Very good. Should be shown in schools.

[@robk3151]

marvelously concise and interesting, thanks.

[@jomeara0]

Why do you only have 14 000 subscribers? You deserve more.

[@FMJIRISH]

There is a lot of salt in this comments section...

[@Boric78]

Just discovered your channel - very impressed. Subscribed today. You deliver your lecture's in a gripping way. If you don't do this professionally, you should think about doing it. My history lecturer's could have learnt much from your delivery.

[@alexanderSydneyOz]

Oh such a vexed issue! You can say it was a Norman invasion, not an English one, but it did occur about a century after the Norman invasion of Britain. So it raises the question of when you consider the Norman descended rulers of Britain to be "the english". Certainly it wasn't an invasion by the Anglo-Saxon or Welsh of pre Norman Britain. But on the other hand by the late 11th century, the Anglo Normans were the same English inhabiting Britain today. This highly pedantic argument comes across as a battle between those trying to pin blame on the English of today or deflect it. As this occurred over 800 years ago it really is moot. That aside, it was the 1100s and in that time any lands lacking a strong cohesive power structure and armies, was going to be invaded. It happened all over Europe, and to Britain a number of times.

[@niall4588]

Well done on successfully navigating concisely a multitude of subtleties. No mean feat.

[@AnnetteMurphyger]

Briain O'Cuiv wrote a great book about the History of Ireland

[@bsaneil]

This wasn't an English invasion. At this time the English were still an occupied people living under the overlordship of the Normans, with no nobility of their own and their language reduced to peasent status. This was a French invasion launched from England.

[@si4632]

I know but they enjoy playing victim lol

[@andreebesseau6995]

I beg to differ.the normans as vikings invided France and were given Normandy as fiefdom on the promised they would not longer ravage France.they were in fact vikings parading as french...you may change the costume not the personality.

[@si4632]

@@andreebesseau6995 twaddle they were catholic heroes

[@si4632]

who put a end to the viking age

[@bioemilianosky]

lmao, such cope

[@christymcdougall6135]

Wonderful video, very informative. Many thanks!

[@Dishfire101]

Buddy did U know Ireland in the 1st to 5th century was called Scotia ie The Land of the Scots and the people were called the Scotti ie Scots by the Greeks and Romans ❤

[@AnBreadanFeasa]

Really good detail in this video. Good highlighting of the famine of the 1310s as this impacted much of wider Europe and the world, probably as a result of short term climate impact from volcanic eruption. The plague arrived in the mid 1300s around the same time as the 100 Years War started between France and England, and Ireland was pretty much left to its own devices. Henry VII had some concerns about Ireland as two pretenders based themselves there in the late 15th century, but left it to his deputies to oversee the limited governance in place at that stage. The real conquest started with Henry VIII in 1540, when he declared himself King of Ireland, the first English monarch to claim the title. Having lost France and rejected Rome, Henry could attend to Ireland as the Fitzgeralds of Kildare, thoroughly Gaelicised and based just outside the Pale, challenged English rule. The rest, unfortunately, is history... and not of the benevolent kind.

[@AnBreadanFeasa]

@freebeerfordworkers Thanks for that. Am I correct in saying that the Ormonds supported Lancaster before Bosworth? A mistake many modern commenters make is assuming that Ireland (or any country) had a strong national identity in the 15th century. It was at least as fragmented as England of the Roses with different lordships backing different monarchs to suit themselves.

[@AnBreadanFeasa]

@freebeerfordworkers Just asked MS Copilot if Ormond supported Lancaster and the reply was: Sent by Copilot: The Earls of Ormond were supporters of the Lancastrian side during the Wars of the Roses. James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond, was a staunch Lancastrian and supporter of Queen consort Margaret of Anjou. After his death, his brother, John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond, also backed the Lancastrian cause. This is web AI so to be taken with some scepticism but it does chime with what I thought. My rule of thumb is whoever Kildare supported (definitely York and Simnel) was opposed by the Butlers. By the way, I support the philosophy of your username 😝

[@AnBreadanFeasa]

@freebeerfordworkers You might find this one interesting... kzbin.info/www/bejne/l2fYfqCVgbZkqcU I had heard of the Battle of Pilltown in 1462 but thought it was just another Kildare Ormond conflict. This video puts it in Wars of the Roses context.

[@emcc8598]

@freebeerfordworkers Except one tiny little fact that the so called Irish Parliament in the 15th century was the reserve of the descendants of English colonists in Ireland and the so called Irish forces of the Battle of Stoke field were paid mercenaries hired by the Earl of Lincoln whilst he was there. There were also large numbers of German and Swiss mercenaries employed in the same battle

[@emcc8598]

@freebeerfordworkers nope the so called Irish Parliament certainly did not have the support of the majority native Irish population with catholics being prohibited from voting for or standing as a member of the so called Irish Parliament right up the point it was bought out and Ireland was fully annexed by Britain in 1801

[@nigelsheppard625]

The English are a Germanic Invader people who were conquered by the Norman-French in 1066. From that time until reflectively recently, the English had no say in their own rule. The invasion of Ireland was also a Norman-French Invasion, it was the Norman - French Kings of England and the Norman-French aristocracy that invaded Ireland.

[@neilog747]

The foederati who fought for the British centuries earlier were not invaders although other English kinfolk who came over such as the Saxons definitely were invaders. Although off-topic here, still worth pointing out as early English history also gets-over simpified.

[@garyphisher7375]

@@neilog747 After the Romans left Britain, the Irish tribes spent hundreds of years raiding Britain for treasure and slives (purposefully mispelt). The Danish and Irish created Dublin as a slive port, where they took Brits before taking them to the Mediterranean slive markets to sell.

[@Lex_Lugar]

@@garyphisher7375whatever makes you feel better. I’m sure 3000 years ago, some hindus slapped a brit in the face or whatever.

[@fintanduffyable]

Dublin was founded by the Vikings along with Wexford and Waterford for agricultural land and trade hubs not just to enslave and raid they did also enslave and raid peoples which was also happening in mainland Britain where they had carved out almost a third of england ,known as the Danelaw,and built many settlements such as most of York was developed after Viking settlement and a lot of their language forms the root of much of the English language today where as there is scant evidence of Scandinavian influence on the native Irish language as they established a few coastal settlements in Ireland they did the majority of their slaving and raiding from england and the nordics to mainland Europe Ireland was much colder and poorer unless you wanted to steal livestock as they had very little else

[@scottingram580]

The English are celts the Anglo Saxon is a political construct because of the sax Coburg monarchy they needed to lie then because of the wars with Germany the monarchy changed its name to Windsor, you awake now 😂

[@colinsheffield1850]

first class history, thankyou.

[@anthonyharris7780]

I find that history as a subject incredibly fascinating - I am attempting to understand more Scottish and now at the beginning of Irish History. In addition to English and more generally British history and again world history. Mostly what it is teaches me is to respect other’s ancestry. There are temptations to take fixed views based on it to support what one wishes to be the truth of it all genuine or not. One can learn important lessons from history. It is necessary however to be in the present and live life from this position. One is really oneself in the present and most effective for a happy and creative life not living many previous lives in the present.

[@kevinburke9940]

Thank you for this very fine piece. I’ve never been to Ireland; hope to one day. ☘️❤️

[@obath6953]

Great video. My dissertation was 'Military aspects of the Anglo Norman Invasion of Ireland 1169-1172

[@jamesforeman4368]

Excellent presentation, measured and well-tempered.

[@garygreen2146]

Recently I discovered I am a direct descendant of Sir Phillip DeCourtney the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the end of the 14th century . It makes learning about what the English did to the Irish a lot more personal and saddening

[@lervish1966]

Normans

[@emcc8598]

​@@lervish1966lol it certainly wasn't the Normans kicked out of Ireland in 1922 😅

[@lervish1966]

@@emcc8598 It was the Normans who took over Ireland and England.

[@emcc8598]

@lervish1966 Nope it was Henry II King of England who invaded Ireland in 1171 at the head of what was described in contemporary sources as a large English army who invaded Ireland and claimed the country for the English Crown. A claim perpetuated by every subsequent English and later British monarch right up to relatively recent times

[@leod-sigefast]

@@emcc8598 Yes, England got dragged into Irish affairs by the Normans. 800 years of entanglement thanks to the imperialistic Normans. So by 1922, of course, the Normans have thoroughly changed the psyche and governance of England. It doesn't change the fact that it was the ruling Normans in the 12th century who were calling the shots, not the Anglo-Saxons. Anglo-Saxon English never had a bad relationship with the Irish. Northumberland and Oswald had a major connection with the Irish and Irish church through St.Aidan. That all changed come the Normans, who did have an aggressive imperialistic drive - they took England after all - Maybe if the Irish hadn't been piratically raiding Britain for centuries the Normans wouldn't have felt the need to invade?

[@Jimmylad.]

Love your channel

[@gmatthews7632]

The Irish had invaded Scotland much earlier but funnily enough this never gets mentioned

[@emcc8598]

Au contraire - that fairy story gets dragged up by anglos all the time. The "Irish did no such thing btw- there being no nation state of Ireland or Scotland at that time. Not only that but there is absolutely no archaeological or historical evidence for any invasion of northern part of the island of Britain by any tribal groups from the island of Ireland

[@twoglcox]

When sea level were lower there were close together inhabited islands, Dogger land from Ireland to Scotland and what latter were two countries was one inhabited area, ancestors of Gaelic people. When sea level rose then the island were under water but the two future countries were close enough to see each other and actively trade with each other.

[@gmatthews7632]

@@emcc8598 Archeological evidence is inconclusive because it does not exist, not because it has been proven one way or the other. The most complete evidence set is linguistically, and the Argyll area place names are gaelic, not pict or briton. By the way, there are plenty of Irish historians who believe the Fergus the Great legend, of him moving from Antrim to Argyll.

[@emcc8598]

@gmatthews7632 Dynastic stories written down by Christian monks centuries after the events were supposed to have taken place aside - it remains archaeological and historical evidence todate show no evidence of any invasion regardless. And that is backed up by recent genetic research which shows the populations of the region straddling north eastern Ireland and north western Britain have not significantly changed in over 2 millenia. A population which like the rest of these islands originally spoke one of a variety of celtic languages - with the coastal and island region between the two islands likely been gaelic speaking for most of that period. Why would a mere 12 miles of sea between mark a border when there was no nation states and at a time when related tribal groups from both the islands of Ireland and Britain migrated traded and raided between the two regions with tribal groups from the island of Britain migrating to Ireland and vice versa

[@johnoneal1234]

It's nine miles to Scotland from Ulster.

[@ChristopherBowly]

Excellent history lesson. Very interesting & informative. Very many thanks.

[@janefromcanada6943]

Great video! You are good at this :))

[@iano239]

Really excellent scholarship, well researched, balanced and well narrated. I think it is interesting how sensitive some English nationalists are to their own history.

[@gavinfoley103]

Excellent

[@leedswiggy]

Unfortunately the same families still own all the lands of England as they did in 1067

[@youngmurphy7556]

No they don't. Plenty of argy bargy and land seizure since then. Lots in fact.

[@greg_4201]

and you suffer over this how exactly?

[@greg_4201]

​@freebeerfordworkerslol that's an appropriate response to the pointless original comment

[@MichaelMcCausland-pg6qs]

Some of my best nuns were Ecuadorian with their spin along with true Irish nuts, and they’re ancient Celtic very fates spin on the San Francisco Bay area Catholicism, driven by the Irish

[@chrislusk3497]

Great video!

[@Jimmylad.]

“christian in name but pagan in fact” st bernard of Clairvaux is said to have remarked of the Irish Can you link the source

[@studiumhistoriae]

It's from the "Liber De vita et rebus gestis Sancti Malachiae Hiberniae Episcopi" (The life and death of Saint Malachy, bishop of Ireland). There's an English translation by Robert T. Meyer you could probably look for.

[@emcc8598]

​@@studiumhistoriaeThing was Bernard of Clairvaux had no first hand knowledge of Ireland or the Irish. Sources accredit his vehement (anti-Irish) sentiments to Bernard's apparently passionate friendship with Irish archbishop Malachy of Armagh - with Malachy siding with Bernard's stance on church doctrine against the stance of the Irish church of that time. Of note following a visit to France - Malachy died in Bernard arms and was buried in Bernard’s habit.

[@sweetcountrygirl]

Very interesting and detailed x

[@willleahy6958]

Well explained. Thanks.

[@timholder6825]

Ireland invaded and overtook Scotland in the 5th century. (same sorta time the Saxons were coming to England). The Scotti were an Irish tribe. The Picts, (native Caledonians) were driven north. Conquest was the order of the day back then. Everyone was doing it. Even internally in Ireland. 4 kingdoms constantly at war, vying for dominance. To be honest, at the risk of pissing someone off with the truth, there was no 'Ireland' (one nation) until Britain made it so. Same goes for India.

[@BigRed2]

You’re so wrong 😂😂 Scottish we’re heavy in Northern and Western Ireland before the plantation settlements, DNA studies show virtually no Irish in the Western part of Scotland but you find a bunch of Scottish DNA in Western/Northern Ireland.

[@emcc8598]

​​@@BigRed2Partly true - the most recent genetic research shows that related tribal groups inhabited north eastern part of Ulster and the north eastern parts of what would become Scotland from earliest times. These apparently wete the Scotti of Roman accounts who along with the Picts were noted as raiding Roman settlements in parts of Roman Britain. It wasn't until the ninth century that the Picts and scotti would come together under one King Kenneth McAlpin from which time gaelic became the most common language in Alba and then what only then became known as Scotland

[@emcc8598]

Contrary to the usual tripe trotted out - Ireland was indeed a unified nation with a common language culture and system of law from at least the 5th century, with Ireland divided into fifths (Cuaige) and ruled by regional Kings who voted for a nominal High King of Ireland from amongst themselves. Somethings Britain wouldn't experience until at least 1707

[@udyandas]

Correct

[@udyandas]

@@BigRed2 True

[@darcybissonpullen7125]

Oh McMillans and MacMillen are the ones how changed to because of st Patrick

[@Nonamearisto]

3:30 William the Conqueror's culture was NOT FRANKISH. It was French. Big difference. France is a Romance country, Frankish people are Germanic. Don't let the name "France" fool you. William spread Romance, Latin-based, Gallo-Roman culture into England, not Germanic culture from Frankish lands, which were basically in Western and Northwest Germany.

[@alexanderSydneyOz]

Make sure you say all that to Charlemagne... Meantime you need to read this... en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks

[@Nonamearisto]

@@alexanderSydneyOz I've read that and studied the topic in college. Charlemagne was a Frank, lived in what is now Germany, and was not Gallo-Romance in terms of his culture.

[@thePronto]

The Normans were Norse. Thus the name.

[@Nonamearisto]

@@thePronto Don't be stupid. The French aren't Franks, and the Normans weren't Norse. Those names came from the ruling ethnicity at the time, but the majority of Normandy and France as a whole were and are Gallo-Romance. Latin people. Direct blood descendants of Romans. I'd say they were Romans if not for the linguistic shift and the self-identification as something else now. The only reason the Franks and Norse took control for so long was due to serfdom. Most Romans were serfs, legally unable to fight and kept on the plantations, unaware of the outside world. Such an enserfed society was ripe for easy conquest, regardless of numbers.

[@NetanyahooWarCriminal]

I was born on a Dublin street, where the loyal drums did beat

[@Bumblebeefridgedog]

Great video.

[@patricka.crawley6572]

The 'Papists' were the Anglo-Normans, it seems.

[@michaelodonnell5400]

Well done young man 😊

[@juanzulu1318]

Good content. Thx

[@krisclark8619]

Colluding with the Catholic France and Spain. Therefore the game of geopolitics made it essential to protect the west coast by taking lesser Britain, just pawns in the elitists sick games.

[@shotgunsorcerer5896]

It was the Norman French not the English

[@rod9829]

Very good video

[@AndyJarman]

Remarkable how this guy asserts what "The English" thought of "The Irish" in a time before the people in England spoken English and rhe people in Ireland were a mix of Norse and indigenous peoples. This video will really rile the Welsh too! The Mabinogian and the Red Book of Hergst reveals how the various authors of those Welsh histories regarded the Hibernians.

[@VereDeVere]

Saxon *is* English, and the Anglo-Saxons were English (‘Anglish’).

[@emcc8598]

The red book is a collection of fairy stories and Anglo-saxon propaganda written by Christian monks centuries after the stories were supposed to have taken place

[@narannavan]

It's a half arsed video that washes over a lot of facts and events. Clueless, really.

[@narannavan]

It's a half arsed video that washes over a lot of facts and events. Clueless, really.

[@emcc8598]

@@narannavan not even half as clueless as most of the brits commenting about Irish history tbf

[@Bob-nd2mr]

middle ages up to industrial revolution had travel by sea not land ...meant scottish western isles and north coast of ireland for example was under a maritime rule from Lord of the Isles .... travel by sea changes the geographical and cultural groupings compared to having land borders....the modern day is also effected..travel by air hence the "Ryan Air Generation" ...also the new Motorway System in North & South Ireland has stitched the island together. "British Isles" geologically has its own continental shelf and has over 1,000 islands. Geography & History are twinned. Also the coastline length compared to land area is highest in world.....UK & Ireland has most indented coastline of any of the other countries in world.

[@insulaarachnid]

So the north-west of Ireland wasn't controlled by England till Henry VIII?

[@multymedia5320]

john de courcey conquered the north east, however the power of the normans declined after edward the bruces campaign

[@Beepbeepbeepbe]

It was the Scottish who colonised Northern Ireland while the English colonised mainly Dublin and southern parts hence Ulster Scots .

[@emcc8598]

@@insulaarachnid most of Ireland wasn't controlled by the English until Tudor times and after - see the Plantations of Ireland for less partisan account than given by some commentators hereabouts

[@kaisersoze5236]

can you do a follow up on how they were beat out 😂😂

[@patricka.crawley6572]

Edward VIII was the last king of Ireland. He reigned till his death in 1972.

[@Patrick3183]

He abdicated

[@MultimediaIreland]

Anglo-Norman invasion? Okay right off the bat you're wrong. The King of Leinster went to the court of the Anjevin Empire to seek help in fighting his enemies. Diarmait mac Murchada went to France to seek an alliance. Henry Plantagenet then allowed Diarmait to gather a mercenary army. He brought Bretons, Welsh, and Normans with him back to Ireland.

[@emcc8598]

British?

[@emcc8598]

Yeah and Htlercwas Austrian- regardless of ethnicity Henry II was King of England and claimed Ireland for the English Crown- a claim perpetuated by every subsequent English and later British Crown right up to relatively recent times- funny that

[@MultimediaIreland]

@@emcc8598 Delusional, England was backwater full of sheep, the Anjevins were French, their courts are in France.

[@greg_4201]

yeah, that's called an invasion...

[@emcc8598]

@MultimediaIreland Nah it wasn't the French that were feuqed out of the country in 1922

[@brianbonner7128]

In the 12th century England was ruled by the Norman's. The Norman's invaded Ireland

[@clivejungle6999]

853 years down and only 147 years to go until the full 1000 years!

[@jardon8636]

intersting, however... you are forgetting that wales, had to be occupied by the normans first....before ireland was invaded, and much of the so called anglo normans,... were Cambro normans... including the de clare dynasty,.... the famous *strongbow* and even the ancestry of the the geraldines, had orgins in wales, this is often ignored or totally overlooked..... the different dynamic to both england & ireland... ,indeed the princes of gwynedd even had ancestry of BRIAN BORU* the emperor of the gael, it is the *geraldis cambrensis* of both norman mixed royal welsh blood.. that gives the biggest ever bias against the gaelic culture, language, a legacy of *propaganda & opinions*, rather than a realistic and fair objective of gaelic culture, language and life....

[@narannavan]

Honestly you can tell this guy is American as he seems to have got all his information from Wikipedia.

[@jardon8636]

@@narannavan american no lol

[@Dhurklyfignnij]

[7:19] Amazing how you frame your whole video from a completely ideological/idealistic perspective and ignore the deeper, pre colonial economic roots of the conquest of Ireland. Ireland is the English's ruling aristocracy's first colony

[@johnpurcell7525]

Whole of Ireland except northern Ireland like whole apple except for half the Apple

[@barryoconnor721]

The Irish High King was more of a war chief. It was his duty to reconcile the people to God.

[@aaronjaben7913]

Cool voice Bro

[@michaelmazowiecki9195]

Ireland: England's oldest colony

[@dontnoable]

England but also Scotland joined in on the dirty deal (after Scotland's own attempts to colonise Darien, Central so called America, fell apart)

[@ezandman6804]

22:18 Sorry but Richard who?

[@AnnetteMurphyger]

I am not sure if all persons in Ireland were Christian

[@MichaelMcCausland-pg6qs]

If you look at the Irish philosophy of Wyder and I’ve went Celtic ferry Faith, even though the ancient hours were not kilts, you will see the similarity between the dates they were born and the past that they took and that is raw that is the Buddha that is the Ish CHRISTO

[@Jimmylad.]

21:10 where is this picture from? Is it a depiction of the Irish?

[@studiumhistoriae]

It doesn't actually depict an Irishman specifically, it's a generic "wild man." In truth most didn't see Irish people as quite that wild, but it was the same sort of idea of the uncivilized people living in the woods.

[@user-bf3pc2qd9s]

​@@studiumhistoriaeI have a replica map of Ireland on which "the wild Irish" are depicted in the usual fashion, believe it's from the 1500s.

[@rocketsbyodin5499]

Please note that "othering" is a very common, and, in fact, universal aspect of human perception. Take a look at the minimal groups paradigm from social psych sometime. That said, it comes in a variety of flavors, and one way of understanding cultural differences is to see the ways in which group boundaries have been drawn throughout history. I hope this helps, and thank you for the video--enjoyed it a great deal!

[@djquinn11]

In simple terms, its tribalism.

[@pt_1070]

They all tend to make someone 'the other'.

[@Patrick3183]

Applying postmodern thought to the dark ages is exhausting

[@Funeeman]

Ireland was conquered by the Norman French and Welsh.

[@AndrewC.McPherson-xf5zw]

Difficult situation for sure.

[@AnnetteMurphyger]

We spoke Irish

[@nuttall47]

More correct to say the Norman french

[@brianmccabe2430]

Art McMorrow??

[@user-di7nu7se5n]

A lot of feeble and wrong statements here. No reference to sources or any idea of this guy"s background.

[@elfarlaur]

You may want to look at the video's description, there's a list of sources there. I'll take that over some dude in the comments saying he's wrong

[@user-bf3pc2qd9s]

I am enjoying this a lot and thank you... Please though pronounce placenames correctly...CONnacht not ConNAKT and KilKENny not KILkenny. I'm also confused by your treatment of the legal system...did the English not introduce English feudal law which of course would have meant that for example tenant farmers of whatever stratum would have had rights different from landowners, ie nothing to do with being Irish per se?

[@studiumhistoriae]

The English legal system was introduced for those of English legal status. The Irish were excluded, however and treated legally like serfs regardless of their position, though as I mentioned it was possible for the Irish to gain English legal status, and this was probably not all too uncommon in the upper echelons. By default, though, they were excluded, so, for example, even a free Irish artisan in the city needed a legal sponsor as a serf would, even though an Englishman in the same position could sue and be included in the English legal system in his own right. However, an Irish serf would see little to no difference from an English serf.

[@user-bf3pc2qd9s]

@@studiumhistoriae thank you x

[@BirdsfromHuntingdon]

Rule, Britannia!

[@dorissueliteixeira6476]

Thanl you.