How To Build an OPEN DELTA Bank

In this video we discover what goes into building an OPEN DELTA bank. I will also teach you how to vector transformer connections and uncover where the secondary voltages come from and what precautions need to be taken. Examples of this include identifying the wild leg, and ensuring that we only use the neutral bushing of one of the transformers so that we don't have a fault.
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Under no circumstances will Hiline Academy LLC be responsible or liable in any way for any content, including but not limited to, any errors or omissions in the content, or for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of any content communicated in this video, whether by Hiline Academy LLC or a third party. In no event shall Hiline Academy LLC be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from the performance of any information communicated in this video.
Hiline Academy LLC assumes no liability for property damage or injury incurred as a result of any of the information contained in this video. Use this information at your own risk. Hiline Academy LLC recommends safe practices when performing any do it yourself repairs and or with tools seen or implied in this video. Due to factors beyond the control of Hiline Academy LLC, no information in this video shall create any expressed or implied warranty or guarantee of any particular result. Any injury, damage or loss that may result from improper use of these tools, equipment, or from the Hiline Academy LLC.

[@jeffreykornspan9053]

Hi and thanks Cody for your demo and explanation. I'm a retired 600 volt or less sparky and have seen these numerous times on commercial buildings. I remember that one of the transformers are usually twice the KVA of the side that feeds the high leg. From Maryland.

[@Sparky-ww5re]

Awesome demonstration. When I was a teenager living on my stepfather's farm we had a two pot bank out by the road. We had a couple of three phase motors , the grain dryer had a 15HP motor if I remember correctly, then we have some augers and conveyors with 5 to 10 horsepower 3 phase motors, the rest of our loads were single phase 120/240. And the motors never all ran at the same time so our total 3 phase loads were relatively small compared to our single phase. Our service was a 400 amp 120/240 3 phase 4 wire open delta, 100 amp panel in the farmhouse, 100 amp in one of the polebarns and 200 amp in the other barn near the augers, conveyor and grain dryer, which had the 3 phase in it. I don't know exactly when the 3 phase service was installed other than the farm did not have electricity till 1946 or late 1945, since it was a rural area it was electrified much later than cities and suburbs.

[@D.Hozzie]

Great video. Thank you.

[@LouieEltanal]

Good quality video mate. Nice one

[@hilineacademy8482]

Thanks Louie. 👍

[@Mobjrock]

Great video!!

[@hilineacademy8482]

Thanks.👍stay safe.

[@haroldgersie6794]

Sir.. You the best!!!

[@hilineacademy8482]

Thanks for the encouragement. 👍I need it. Lol

[@ggandg1127]

Great training video

[@hilineacademy8482]

👍

[@claytonlemieux4090]

Love your videos from a PLC CONTROLS ENGINEER the lost electro power to haft our block for 2 nights and almost two days I was not interested before this black out the problem was the line open must of been hit by lightning after I am looking to lean S much as I can because knowledge is power thank you for the videos even I have no problem following

[@hilineacademy8482]

That’s Awsome Clayton. I’m glad the lesson helped. There’s not a whole lot to the connections and once you figure out how to manipulate the hookups it gets real fun. Glad it helped. 👍

[@michaelgagne1911]

Great job 👏 i almost get it going to hqve to watch more 👍

[@hilineacademy8482]

Keep it up bud. If you have any questions don’t hesitate to ask. Also watch the lesson in vectoring it’ll help. 👍

[@CHICAGOHAND]

Ah Ha. Close the one with the neutral first.......Makes sense. I was never taught that. We just close them in any order. As an underground lineman I never build the overhead cans, just make it with pad mount transformers.

[@hilineacademy8482]

Yes sir. If your picking up load when you come hot, you need to come hot with the lighter (the one with the neutral) first. Even with an underground bank. It’s really the same animal. Just a different shell. Stay safe. 👍

[@user-uc5su6tr4r]

I heard the terms “Lighter” - The transformer carrying the neutral and “Teaser” - The power pot for the first time after watching four or five of your training videos so far, can you elaborate on those terms more? I have worked as an Industrial Electrician at a steel mill which received a direct feeder of 750,000 volts and also an older Aluminum Smelter that had its own Generating Station producing both 15 kV and 138 kV. It was our responsibility to manage the switching and repairs on those systems as well as keeping the production departments of the Smelter up and running. Thank you for making these videos, they are well made and the content is very helpful.

[@KnowlandBS89]

Hey boss man thanks for the refreshers on vectors. Taking my JL test in a couple weeks been studying up! I appreciate you using the 1-6 style which is how I learned! Any chance you got some videos on paralleling internally acbd or going into series and parallel connections and why.

[@hilineacademy8482]

That’s Awsome. Thanks Brandon. I will be coming out with some more videos and those are definitely on the list. I just got done with hunting season and I’m getting back into the swing of things. In the mean time if you have any questions needing to be answered or need some things cleared up before you take your test ide love to help sharpen you up. Feel free to email me at [e-mail] or you can message me on IG at Hiline academy. Stay safe 👍

[@bordersoldier]

Another free education boys

[@hilineacademy8482]

👍

[@danmiller2177]

Thanks!!!!👍👍👍👍

[@hilineacademy8482]

No prob. 👍

[@dandisen2643]

Nice video. Thank you. Can you please do a video about the Rotation Meter? What is it? What does it do? What did you mean by "clockwise"? What difference would it mean if it were "counterclockwise"?

[@James-ql8bo]

Is worrying about impedance a big deal on the open Delta bank. Keeping the two transformers close since they are holding hands.

[@jovetj]

Thanks for the interesting video. I'm a layman nerd who has recognized open delta services in the wild before. There was a small stock yard along the highway that had such a service. Skipping to my question, can the vectoring also help determine power/sizing requirements for the two transformers? If I remember, the transformer with he neutral is usually going to be larger, and there are maximum limits of 3⍉ draw.

[@hilineacademy8482]

Vectoring can’t really help with determining wattage or “kva”. We use it to not only determine the primary and secondary hookup on new builds but we also use it to diagnose existing transformer banks in the case of troubleshooting. Good question 👍

[@powchayo.2922]

Nice tutorial sir! I want to learn more on you. I'm your new friend new subscriber God bless!

[@hilineacademy8482]

Nice. If you ever have any questions ide be happy to help. Stay safe. 👍

[@Sparky-ww5re]

How often do you still hook up center tapped delta services? My understanding is that they typically are found in older commercial and industrial facilities often in rual areas, and can be easily identified because you'll see two or three transformers, one of the is large compared to the rest, since it supplies the 120V loads in addition to single ø and 3ø 240V loads. 120/208Y seems to be the most commonly used system today, along with 277/480Y and rare occasion 347/600Y. At least in the US.

[@hilineacademy8482]

Yes sir. Topically open banks are used in areas that have a lot of single phase 120/240 and light 3 phase loads. A lot of old neighborhoods with three phase air conditioners have a lot of open banks feeding them.

[@heronimousbrapson863]

I've also heard it referred to as a V-V transformer bank.

[@hilineacademy8482]

Yes sir. If you ever need any help with anything. Please reach out. 👍

[@dandisen2643]

Also, can you please explain what you mean by "teaser pot"?

[@James-ql8bo]

Is the impedance a big deal on a open Delta since they holding hands

[@lausd3138]

Happy late thanksgiving. I have a question, if you Meter a open delta Neutral to Neutral. What read would you get?

[@hilineacademy8482]

I’m thinking your asking about taking a voltage reading from x2 to x2. If this is your question, on a 120/240 open bank you would read 120 volts x2 to x2. This is why we can only utilize one of the x2 bushings as the neutral. On a delta connection the x2 is not our connection point between our transformers like we have on a wye hookup. If you mess up and forget to isolate the x2 bushing on our power pots, we will have a bomb. Lol. Please let me know if this answered your question. Stay safe 👍

[@tedlahm5740]

Did not draw the Wild Leg on the board/transformer?

[@hilineacademy8482]

I did draw out and explain the wild leg. But I forgot to mark it when I was checking voltage and rotation. Lol. Thanks for the heads up. I’ve still got a lot of learning to do with the whole video thing. 😅

[@kevindick7485]

We have many street lighting fixtures for our parking lots on a 100 acre campus those fixtures are 277. Are you going to eventually show a 277 hook up ?

[@hilineacademy8482]

Lol. Yes sir I am. I just have to wind the transformers first. They take quite a while to wind and I’ve been putting them off. So how are you feeding the streetlights now.

[@jasonkenney5970]

Where does inches come into play? I mean what are you measuring? Windings?

[@hilineacademy8482]

You need to watch the video I did on vectoring. It explains it all. The voltages come from the vector diagram of the bank. The reason the wild leg is 208 volts to neutral, is because it is 208 inches from the neutral. Go watch that lesson. Then get back with me.

[@jasonkenney5970]

I understand you're 208" from the neutral. I'm wondering where you're measuring from? Does the measurement come from the length in the windings?

[@hilineacademy8482]

@@jasonkenney5970 on the delta vector diagram I’m measuring from the neutral to the wild leg. From neutral to the other two phases the measurement is only 120. But from the neutral to the farthest phase it will measure 207.8 inches. I need to do a lesson on this. Let me know if this explains it for you. If I could show you the math it would be extremely clear. Stay safe 👍

[@richardboran749]

Another great video .. Tx 👍🇺🇸 What state are you in..?

[@hilineacademy8482]

Thanks Richard. I’m in Az. Where are you working?

[@richardboran749]

I’m a Local 104 IBEW 20 year lineman working high voltage oil cable underground on Long Island NY right now .. From here we go to Connecticut or Miami .. I only chase storm now as I’m 57 and a bit long in the tooth for chasing high line jobs and fast pace distribution jobs. I’ll moonlight on Distribution if it’s Storm though.. Your videos are excellent and my son graduated college in a few months and will either become a lineman apprentice or HV oil cable splicer. These videos will save me hours of trying to flap my gums trying in vain to explain important issues. When I was starting out in 2001 I watched a similar explanation using inches to help describe the phase angle. Back then I had no idea wtf the instructor was talking about. Your video made perfect sense to me that it is used simply as a memory tool to teach others.. You solved a mystery for me.. My problem wasn’t that I was dumb it was I very much understood lenzatic compasses and know how to read Military maps and what a declination diagram is for in the index key box.. But when vectors were being described in Inches I got brain freeze big time.. Tx again… My son and the 3 apprentices under my care right now will be definitely tuning in to your videos & hard work..

[@richardboran749]

PS… Kari Lake is your “Real” Governor … I know you know that already right..?

[@toddrhamy9185]

Do u have a video for Alley cat bad dog

[@hilineacademy8482]

Not yet. But very soon I’ll be making one. 👍

[@PERFECT-ly7li]

good morning! nice video. do you have a video on how to troubleshoot a delta(22000)- delta(120/240/208) connected transformer with 1 damaged transformer? is there a way to identify the damaged transformer without removing the leads to check them individually? thanks

[@hilineacademy8482]

Thank you sir. I appreciate it. I will do some troubleshooting lessons later. As for checking in the field it’s difficult to figure out which transformer is bad without isolating the transformers and checking them with a tilt meter. It’s hard because the voltages will backfeed through the load and give readings that arent east to dissect without isolating the transformers. Stay safe 👍if you have any other questions don’t hesitate to reach out.

[@PERFECT-ly7li]

@@hilineacademy8482 thank you Sir

[@azeezazeez5604]

Can I have book deals how to connect difrent request of customer with best regards

[@hilineacademy8482]

I don’t have any books out yet. There are a lot on the market that could help. Thankyou very much for asking. Hopefully in the future I’ll have one. Stay safe 👍

[@tedlahm5740]

So confused. I thought open Delta used all Three (3) of the power company phases, with only 2 transformers?

[@hilineacademy8482]

You will use all three primary phases on an open delta bank if the primary connection is Delta. But if your primary connection is a Wye, then you would only use two. Go and watch the video lesson I did on vectoring. Grab a note book and a pencil and practice. It will clear a lot of the confusion up. Vectoring is an Awsome tool to learn about transformers. If you have any more questions feel free to get back with me.

[@williampommeranz6821]

I had the same question. I see now that 2 bushing xfmrs (12470) will use all three phases, and single bushing xfmrs (7200) will use two phases and the neutral. Never would have thought of this connection. Could come in handy where the overhead is reduced to 2 phases and the neutral. Or, you only need to add 1 wire for three phase power if only 1 line and neutral exist. Small motors of course. Your videos are top notch.

[@sickwitit9177]

Good video. Why do you keep on mentioning inches and voltage together?

[@hilineacademy8482]

Awsome question. Because when you vector the transformer bank out, the different voltages come from two things. The angles of the vector lines, and how long they are. So I try to make the point by saying 240 volts, or 240 inches so you start to relate the voltage with a distance. So when you take those different angles and start connecting certain numbered ends together, you start to create other voltages. This is why I always say in the lessons that vectoring is all about angles and distance. Vectoring is an awsome tool not only to learn how to hookup transformer banks, but to analyze a connection and see what voltages are present, or should be present if your troubleshooting. I hope I answered your question. Sometimes it’s easier to answer these if I could draw it up on a board in front of you. Lol. Please let me know if I was clear enough. Thanks. Be safe 👍

[@sickwitit9177]

You did I good job braking down vectoring. But I just thought it might get someone confused when your mention Volts and inches. I personally understand vectoring, journeyman linemen. Keep up the good work.

[@linehandibew6205]

So is this module fed with 120 on the primary side? And are pots 1 to 1 ratio??

[@hilineacademy8482]

Primary lines is 120/208 and I’m winding a bunch of different ones. 120 pri 120/240 sec 208 pri 120/240 sec And some 277 volt sec as well as 240/480 sec.

[@themotorcycleguy5980]

@@hilineacademy8482 could you show a vid of you winding the coils to achieve these voltages?

[@hilineacademy8482]

@@themotorcycleguy5980 yes sir. I was actually thinking of making a lesson on that exact topic.I need to wind some 208 primary - 120/240 secondary transformers and was gonna explain the whole process. 👍

[@donbeck6259]

No worry about the polarity of the cans when you vector it out? Assuming those are not 250KVA cans, by industry standard they would be additive cans. Which would give you a different vector than what you have. What you have I call a “left turn signal” (looks more like a turn signal on a closed bank), but if you vector it with polarity in mind you would get a “right turn signal”. The secondary x1’s would be 1 and 3 respectfully and x2’s 2 & 4. So 1,2,3,4 on the high side, 2143 on the secondary side. Then you would have a 1 to 4 tie on the secondary side changing your vector.