Hun & Xiongnu Expert Answers Controversial Questions (Interview with Professor Hyun Jin Kim)

Professor Hyun Jin Kim, author of the book "The Huns", is an expert on the Huns and Xiongnu history. In this episode I ask him all the difficult questions regarding the Huns & Xiongnu.
🕒[TIMESTAMP]🕒
0:00 Preview
0:31 Introduction
1:45 Were the Xiongnu & the Huns the same?
9:55 Were the Xiongnu Turkic or Mongol?
14:26 Did the common tribe member identify as the same people?
21:56 Were Sima Qian's sources accurate?
29:51 Did they practice Kurultai?
31:24 Was there an older original culture for the steppe people?
33:55 Was Oghuz Khan really inspired by Modu Chanyu
38:39 Did Modu Chanyu's Legend became a common cultural narrative?
40:33 Raised by wolves & Crows
42:47 How do they justify their violence?
51:17 Did their high protein diet make them stronger?
55:43 Cultural exchange between Xiongnu & others
1:00:45 Did the Hun's political culture influence Europe?
1:07:47 Latest research on the Huns
🎶MUSIC by Epidemic Sound:
www.epidemicsound.com
🎉SUPPORT US ON🎉
Decide future contents and other rewards on Patreon:
/ coolhistorybros
One time donations on Kofi:
ko-fi.com/cjleung
🎥PLAYLISTS🎥
Qin Dynasty Origin
• Qin Dynasty Origin
Cool Chinese History (By release)
• Cool Chinese History
Hundred Schools of Thoughts:
• Hundred Schools of Tho...
📚SOURCES:
宋史
資治通鑑
Hung Hing Ming, 2014, Ten States, Five Dynasties, One Great Emperor
Ouyang Xiu, (TL: Richard L. Davis), 2004, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
Victor Cunrui Xiong, 2009, Historical Dictionary of Medieval China
David A. Graff, 2002, Medieval Chinese Warfare 300 -900
Richard W. Bulliet, et al., 2009 The Earth and Its Peoples A Global History
Banister, Judith (1992). "A Brief History of China's Population"
Ronald Egan, 2006, Aesthetic Thought and Pursuits in Northern Song China
Stephen BroadBerry, Hanhui Guan, and David Daokui li, 2018, China, Europe, and the Great Divergence: A Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850
Yuejiao Zhang, 2013, Examining Scientific and Technical Writing Strategies in the 11th Century Chinese Science Book Brush Talks from Dream Brook
Tonio Andrade, 2016, The Gunpowder Age - China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
🖥WEBSITE & SOCIAL🖥
Facebook: / cool-history-bros-1028...
Twitter: / cjleung_dst
#History #Documentary #Asia

[@CoolHistoryBros]

Hope this will end the debate whether the Xiongnu were Turkic or Mongol once and for all. Or... will it?

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

They have absolutely nothing to do with Mongols, they spoke same language with Tiele

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically Oghuric Turkic. 12 However, this may be due to the heavy concentration of Turkic peoples in the areas that the Huns inhabited immediately before their major expansions into Europe and Central Asia. Chinese historical source, the Weilue (= Sanguozhi 30.863-4), confirms that the Dingling (an ancient Turkic people) were the main inhabitants of what is now the Kazakh steppes by the 3rd century ce. Kim, H. The Xiongnu. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. The various Oghurs (Utigurs and Kutrigurs) and the Bulgars, who are mentioned in our sources after the so-called 'total disappearance' of the Huns, as noted earlier, are likely to have been either the same people or at least members of the same, related political entity. Kim, H. (2013). The later Huns and the birth of Europe. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 137-155). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.006

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

For further discusssion on the possible Hunnic/Turkic origins of the Torcilingi see below. The Heruli, another people closely associated with Odoacer, are also noted for their cranial deformation (Hunno-Alanic custom) and the presence Notes to pages 96-9 233 of partially Mongoloid peoples and eastern ritual mirrors among them, all indicative of a strong link with the Huns, see Pohl (1980), 277. 73. Anonymus Valesianus 8.37. 74. Kim, H. (2013). Notes. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 159-275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.008 8 This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila's father, from Turkic Munc uq = pearl/jewel: for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila's uncle, Öktär brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila's paternal uncles, Arbårs leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bársig = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig, meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning belt-bearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila's known sons. have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila's principal wife, the mother of the crown prince' Ellac, has the Turkic name Herekan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289. The name of Ellac, Attila’s eldest son, is a corruption of the Turkic älik ( ilik ) meaning ‘ruler, king’. 21 Ernak/Irnik the youngest son also has the variation of the same suffix in his name. His name is probably Turkic är-näk , meaning ‘great hero’, with the suffix here functioning as an augmentation of the Turkic är-än (hero). 22 Thus the suffix -ik/ich was used in Hunnic to imply greatness (i.e. ruler or kingship). These names were, it seems, formal court titles rather than personal names. Kim, H. (2013). The end of the Hunnic Empire in the west. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 89-136). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.005 Haussig (2000), 277, suggests that Oult or Oulti is a Greek rendering of the Oghuric Turkic word for the number six. What is interesting is the fact that in names such as Oultizouroi and Ultzincur above we have clearly two elements Oulti (six) + the Turkic title Cur (noble), meaning ‘the six lords’. Kim, H. (2013). Notes. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 159-275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.008 The core Turkic tribes of the Hunnic Empire from very early on all possessed different names: Akatziri , Alpidzuri, etc. in addition to their Hunnic identity. Kim, H. (2013). Introduction. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 1-8). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.001 It is also widely accepted that the Hunnish ruling and aristocratic bodies spoke a dialect of Turkic called Oghur, characterized by the use of '-r' rather than '-z' endings, although they may have originally spoken Yeniseian . Some, such as Ultinčur and Alpilčur, are like Turkish names ending in -čor, Pecheneg names in -tzour and Kirghiz names in -čoro. Names ending in -gur, such as Utigur and Onogur, and -gir, such as Ultingir, are like Turkish names of the same endings.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Weishu "vol. 103 section Gāochē" text: 高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也。其種有狄氏、袁紇氏、斛律氏、解批氏、護骨氏、異奇斤氏。" transl. "Gaoche, probably remnant stocks of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili, in the North they are considered Chile, the various Xia(i.e. Chinese) consider them Gaoche Dingling / Dingling with High-Carts. Their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though there are small differences. Or one may say they were sons-in-laws / sororal nephews of their Xiongnu predecessors. Their tribes are Di, Yuanhe, Hulu, Jiepi, Hugu, Yiqijin."

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).

[@muwatallis]

This was the best of KZbin I've had in 2023 so far. Amazing. I also purchased Professor Kim's book after this video. Thank you!

[@ChineseAncientStories-cb8uo]

The entire content of the channel is very interesting and I really enjoy watching it

[@poocabraxi]

ITS GOOD AND COMING FROM A RELIABLE SOURCE BUT THERE IS WAY BETTER MATERIAL FROM OTHER SOURCES YOU STOP BEGGING IT 🙄 THEY JUST DISCUSSING AN IMPORTANT TOPIC NO VISUALS NO STORY LINE NO DEBATE ITS OK AT BEST ITS HARD TO FIND HUNNIC MEDIA ON KZbin 🎉😊

[@Trgn]

Wow great channel. Thank you for inviting the professor

[@MarcusAgrippa390]

Seems like every answer brings up more questions... This is why I love history and the sciences in general!

[@TheAlmightyAss]

The quest for knowledge is like being on a treadmill full of question marks.

[@warweasel2330]

This is amazing. I mean, your whole channel has great content, but this is next level.

[@namkaengpancharat9031]

Wow! You people work here is amazing. I'm so grateful after I've found the answers of my questions I had earlier from your videos. ❤️ ❤️ ❤️

[@BloodnSteel]

Amazing to see an interview with one of the Historians whose book I used to write a Research paper when I was in university. Awesome work guys

[@ElSayyidCampeador]

Fantastic interview thanks for posting this

[@gingermintrose]

What an iilluminating eposide. Kudos to Professor Kim for being cogent and knowledgable in this area.

[@alexoolau]

As ethnic mongol from inner mongolia, I have to disagree with Professor Kim on "parasite" part for nomads. Mongols do need trade with Han people for critical material like iron and many other necessities. A lot of materials need organized labor force to produce. Mongol living in individual family unit can not produce those products. Trade is critical for our people. When we have enough live stocks to trade, there is peace. When we have natural disaster with loss of livestocks or China impose trade ban across border, we have to commit cross border robberies for those materials. Nowadays robbery is still high in mogol region than other places, but way better than before. Poor people have to rob like anywhere else. Rich mongols never need to do crime.

[@poocabraxi]

​@@alexoolauIM SORRY THAT IS HAPPENING TO MY CLAN ANYWAY I DONT UNDERSTAND WHERE THEY CONNECT TURKS TO THE HUNNIC EMPIRE WITHOUT INTROSPECTIC PROOF THEY JUST SAYING IT WITHOUT MERIT NO ONE KNEW WHAT LANGUAGE THE HUNS SPOKE.

[@diyartokmurzin7154]

On 25:10 the speaker tells about the Hunnic tradition when the older brother dies the younger brother marries the widow of the older brother. This tradition preserved among turkic stepp people until the beginning of 20th century. It is called Amangerlïk. In fact in harsh conditions and environment this was a wise tradition to take care of the widow and nefews/nieces allowing to strenghten the clan and mutual survival. My grandmother took the name of her biologic uncle as a surname, she called him father, and he took care of her mother and sisters after her biologic father died

[@Kazakh_Khiad]

Atilla is known to us as Edil Qağan. Or Ədil Qağan. Edil is the Qazaq name of the river Volga. Idel in Bashkir and Kazan Tatar languages. Atilla was born on the banks of this river. I believe Atilla was like a Bashkir, a Turko-Finno-Ugric.

[@beregu]

1:11:17 Totally agree. Central Asian steppe people are not nomads. They move places pre-determined that are more suitable for different seasons. They always had agricultures, cities, sophisticated literatures and trades. Thanks Professor Kim for bringing it up.

[@Oppetsismiimsitsitc]

Pure nomadism is quite rare. Semi-nomadism, however, isn't.

[@youknowmyfirstlastname3206]

Yes and no because bleda (atilla's ambassador bleda name is not turkic name. Same thing 4 central asia turks was living side by side. For example:kings of Iran Doro or kir II fought with sakka and massagetta tribes which massagetta unknown Indo-European but sakka was turkic (see sahalin Siberia same meaning). But hun word is turkic tribe's name came from qannu (bloody tribe name). Mongols controlled by those tribe untill gingizhun rise up. Because qanhli (hunli tribe) and tatars was fought of which eventually gengizhun completely beheaded of those tribe. See gengizhun's movie.

[@zaboybagoi8636]

​@@youknowmyfirstlastname3206 Bleda's real name is a mystery. Germanic peoples pronounced their name as "Bleda" while Ugric peoples called them "Buda".

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

@@zaboybagoi8636 He is one of the newest evil Hungarian kings

[@ghostofyeats]

Fascinating, articulate, balanced. Thank you!

[@patricknowlin7033]

Bravo, fantastic erudition, keep up the good work helping us make sense of the messy steppe history!

[@sebastienlin4392]

Outstanding video!!!

[@johndavidnew]

Thank you for this fascinating insight on the huns and Xiongnu from the brilliant Professor Hyun and History Bros! A subject I can't get enough information on.

[@poocabraxi]

BUT WHY DO THET JUST PUT THE TURKS INTO IT WITHOUT EXPLANATION 🤔🙄

[@ramazancnar803]

Great video. Like to watch a series about steppen culture more in your future videos.

[@diogosaraiva9547]

Amazing interview! Really filled in a lot of gaps for me

[@poocabraxi]

THAT'S EXACTLY THE PROBLEM THEY JUST PUTTING TURKS INTO THIS WITHOUT ANY MERIT JUST TO HAVE AN ANSWER ABOUT CERTAIN PARTS THEY DONT KNOW 🙄

[@sanchez231996]

Thank you both, espcially Profesor Kim for this impressive an amazing talk. A lot of new concepts for me!! Steppes people , culture and history are such a fascinating topic... And yes, we (westerners) are completely biased towards roman legacy.

[@NoMadMediaProductions]

Wow what a knowledgeable professor. Thanks for this great interview.

[@brothermalcolm]

Xiongnu is the modern day mandarin pronounciation of the chinese characters for hun while the cantonese pronounciation (a much older chinese language) is literally hungno

[@brothermalcolm]

So to all of us living in Hong Kong, Macau, and Canton, the connection between huns and "xiongnu / hunglo" is second nature

[@dertkuyusu]

@@brothermalcolm was this a joke?

[@yfaitube]

@@brothermalcolm - I agree and I’ve always thought they were linked because of my Cantonese background

[@yfaitube]

In fact if you break up the two words Hung and No - No is the derogatory word the Chinese give them meaning slave. So really it is just Hung or Hun.

[@dertkuyusu]

@@yfaitube Their real name was Hun, just like Hunnic Empire this is why in Turkey we call xiong nu Asia Hunnic Empire, and we call Hunnic Empire, European Hunnic Empire.

[@maverikmiller6746]

Man thank you very much for this video. May Tengri bless you.

[@necrodeath7726]

Damn, loved this video !!

[@Arabelle2009]

Excellent! Thank you for interviewing Professor Hyun Jin Kim! This was enlightening on so many levels!

[@Negu23]

This video is so interesting and informative, thank you so much for making it possible to both CoolHistoryBros and Prof.Hyun Jin Kim c:

[@subutaynoyan5372]

Particularly the part about how Hunnic khans pretended that raiding parties are just autonomous groups operating on their own accord. A practice so common, Seljuks and later on, Ottomans were using the same mentality so far as 17th century. In Suleiman I's infamous German Campaign, Turkish raiders rode deep into Germany, pillaging, looting and enslaving the folk Even though when the army was in Austria. They were trying to test out how resolved Charles V was to fight them in open battle, which he didn't because he was not a complete idiot like the late King of Hungary who died at the battle of Mohacz

[@alesh2275]

This is a brilliant talk

[@ErikHare]

Since you brought up technology at 1:06 - The word "techne" means skill. A direct translation of "technology" into English would be "The study of skill." Anything which requires or makes use of skills can be considered technology. This is much more than just gadgets, but how they are used and organizational systems. A much better word would be "technics" or the body of knowledge and practice relating to skill. But we don't use that. I find that the history of technology is a fascinating perspective on historical change. It explains relative advantages of one empire over another and can trace the relationships between different people. It is also a great way to get away from both the "Great Man Theory" and the inherent racism in so much traditional history. With respect to this excellent conversation, and thank you again for it, tracing the development and acquisition of steppe peoples' military technology and organizational techniques is absolutely fascinating. Central Asia has an amazing history that really defies all of the settled people who were far more likely to sit down and write about things.

[@myafelicia]

Funnily enough in Dutch we use both technologie (technology) and techniek (single) and technieken (plural) which literally translates to... technics!

[@timeup2549]

Technology means things like computers, lifts, irrigation etc. Look it up in a dictionary.

[@beregu]

Thanks Professor Kim. It was interesting interview.

[@diyartokmurzin7154]

On 30:00 the narrator mentions that assemblies among Xiongnu and Huns were called kurultai. In fact kurultai has a root word "kur", in kipchak-turkic languages this means assemble. Later the word indeed was used by Mongols too. Funfact: if we consider the name Karakurum had turkic origin, this means the city was literally called great assembly or overwatching assembly, because kara - great(if adj)/plentiful/watch(if verb.) and kur - assemble/build

[@jahmanoog461]

Thank you for sharing.

[@blagaistvan5755]

Excelent clip,there is much to learn from

[@Dominic-mm6yf]

Very interesting and spot on.

[@beregu]

33:24 Mongols used to use similar color references for neighboring countries, but it seems slightly different. According to Mongols (oversimplified): - White: Koreans - Black: Tibetians - Red: Hans Chinese - Yellow: Kwarezmians - Blue: Mongols

[@muwatallis]

For Turkics Black/Kara/Qara is north and White/Ak is south. Red/Kızıl/Qyzyl is West and Blue/Gök/Kök is East.

[@vitorpereira9515]

And what color is Brazil?

[@13irzhan97]

​@@vitorpereira9515 Americas hadn't even been discovered at that time.

[@vitorpereira9515]

@@13irzhan97 Spoiler.

[@peterl708]

It was a pleasure listening to the professor 👍🏻

[@wolf-man-bear-pig-torque]

Very informative talk. I appreciate the history lessons, thank you to you both.

[@AgamemnonVsSocratesAandS]

This was such an awesome video. Great interview. I've read Dr. Hyun Jin Kim's book "the Huns" a few years ago and it was definitely an excellent read. Really informative for those who are fascinated in Hunnic, Xiongnu, and steppe cultures of antiquity.

[@aligasim2677]

So what is origin of the xiongnu?

[@AgamemnonVsSocratesAandS]

Their migration path could be traced back to the region that is now the Black sea and Ukraine, Xiongnu ancient ancestors lived there in about 5000-4000 BC, or 7000 years ago . About BC 3000 there were people living in the east asian steppes.

[@sayanmolik481]

@@aligasim2677 mostly east asian

[@sayanmolik481]

@@aligasim2677 mandu who uniting the stepp was probably mongol

[@BrotherGamingTR]

@@sayanmolik481 not likely since there are many evidence that says the otherwise

[@kouryuken]

Hongno, in Cantonese, we still keep that in Pronunciation.

[@diyartokmurzin7154]

On 51:50, the narrator asks about the effect of high protein diet on stepp people. It has an effect for sure. Even Korean people in Kazakhstan grow stronger in their physique

[@beregu]

14:15 Siberia is a Russified pronunciation of Mongolian word “Shiber” or “Shiver” meaning dense woods or forest.

[@nomunmunkh6267]

Thank you for this eye opening discussion. And thank you Hyun Jin Kim , your opinion and knowledge were like a breath of fresh air amongst these proclaimed people who know it all(Yes you comment section and internet people).

[@tedchandran]

The Xiongnu Kim clan ruled Silla or South Korea today after escaping from the Tang empire to avoid association with the An Lu San rebellion.

[@poocabraxi]

OFCOURSE I KNOW IT ALL AND GUESS WHAT TURKS HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THE HUNNIC EMPIRE CHALLENGE ME ON IT HUH HUH 🤔🙄💯🤞

[@JacobafJelling]

I subscribed. Greetings from Denmark

[@CARL_093]

ty bro hope u wont forget the song vs khitan-lao war gouryeo vs khitan-lao war and rise of the jin dynasty

[@baconsans431]

Genghis Khan refers to the time of Modu Chanyu as "the remote times of our Chanyu" in his letter to Daoist Qiu Chuji.[162] Sun and moon symbol of Xiongnu that discovered by archaeologists is similar to Mongolian Soyombo symbol.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

Do not compare this barbarian to this emperor

[@calvinsuu1949]

Correct, Chingis khaan stated that the mongols are the descendants of the hunnu/xiongnu....

[@burak9236]

What is source?

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

@@burak9236 They are from the same land, my friend

[@burak9236]

@@user-cg2tw8pw7j The Xiongnu are of Turkic origin. When the Xiongnu ruler Bagatur (Modu) ascended the throne, he defeated the Tung-hu (undisputedly Mongolian) who demanded a piece of land from him. He enslaved the women and children of the Mongols. (He didn't touch them if they paid taxes.)

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically Oghuric Turkic. 12 However, this may be due to the heavy concentration of Turkic peoples in the areas that the Huns inhabited immediately before their major expansions into Europe and Central Asia. Chinese historical source, the Weilue (= Sanguozhi 30.863-4), confirms that the Dingling (an ancient Turkic people) were the main inhabitants of what is now the Kazakh steppes by the 3rd century ce. Kim, H. The Xiongnu. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. The various Oghurs (Utigurs and Kutrigurs) and the Bulgars, who are mentioned in our sources after the so-called 'total disappearance' of the Huns, as noted earlier, are likely to have been either the same people or at least members of the same, related political entity. Kim, H. (2013). The later Huns and the birth of Europe. In The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe (pp. 137-155). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511920493.006

[@istvannemeth1026]

But we know only 3 (european) Hunnic words: "medos" - mead, "kamon" - beer and "strava" - funeral feast. There aren't turkic words.

[@merketarif126]

@@istvannemeth1026 borrowed words. like kurgan in indoeuropean. it is a turkic word.

[@attila3231]

@@merketarif126 The Hungarian kurgan burial mound (sirhalóm or kunhalóm). H a l o m (old Old Hungarian: h o l u, h a l m u, h a l u m, h a l m a) Sumerian: h u - l u - m u > h u l - mu Analysis: hu or hu - lu = land, place ~ his land, his place lu = pronoun mu or ma = high (R. Labat) Meaning: high land (hill, ) The hill made is the mound. The kurgans of southern Russia were the same kind of mound graves. ----- Kurgans Sumerian: k u r - g a - a n Analysis: kur = mountain ga - an = made, did Meaning: made (that is, artificial) mountain. Many versions of the kurgan are known in the Hungarian Carpathian basin, there are more than 30,000 records.

[@user-ji5ii7wj3i]

Вся хунская -сюнну культура и язык происходит от Урааҥхай Саха!мы живы до сих пор и верим Таҥара!👋🏻😊👍

[@buqtair3129]

If we look at Hungarian there are clear Turkic, Indo European, and Chinese influences. It was an HR solution where they created a culture out of multiple peoples and this resulted in a lingua franca with elements of each group. Probably one of the first recorded historic successes of HR in the creation of an empire.

[@dsong2006]

what are the Chinese influences on Hungarians?

[@teovu5557]

fun fact: Hungarians didnt call themselves hungarians or hun but Magyar and as a nation Ugri/Ugre/Ugrin/Ungri etc Europeans added the H due to the belief that they were related to the past Huns. Modern day region of Yugra in the urals is where hungarians originated and where their closest language cousins live the Mansi and Khanty.

[@istvannemeth1026]

@@teovu5557 It's true. But the name of Hungary/hungarians came from Onoghurs not from Huns

[@thescholar-general5975]

Great discussion! I do think that he somewhat overstates what the horse archers were actually capable of. In particular reaching out to 500 meters and shooting 30 arrows a minute is a good way to waste arrows. Different types of composite bows all have their different advantages and disadvantages some are optimized for speed and range while others are optimized for stopping power. Also many modern archers who practice speed shooting to use lightweight bows. War bows would start at about 70lbs or so and it is not realistic to shoot extremely fast at that type of weight. The heavier the bow the slower the draw.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

You made my Scythian-Iranian brothers laugh

[@byambaakay]

1:11:14 as Mongolian, This is absolutely true. We are not nomads. Thank you Professor Kim.

[@byambaakay]

It's better be called steppe herders or steppe people.

[@yoloi2470]

​@@Nagi1344i dont understand sorry.

[@josemiguelsantanamunoz4307]

No se sabe con total seguridad la etnicidad de xiongnu, pero lo más probable, a juzgar por las descripciones que hacían de ellos los chinos, es que fuesen de componente oriental, es decir, de la estepa oriental, por lo tanto asiáticos, en contraposición a lo que proponen otros expertos de un origen iranio. En xiongnu habían tanto pueblos proto-túrquicos como proto-mongoles, pero aún no se sabe con seguridad la etnicidad de los grupos dominantes, lo más probable es que pertenecieran también al grupo proto-túrquico o proto-mongol. Tanto Gengis Khan, el fundador del imperio Mongol, como la tribu túrquica Ashina, los primeros en denominarse "turcos", fundadores del kaganato kokturk, se consideraban descendientes de "Modu Chanyu", el líder xiongnu que fundó aquel vasto imperio, que posiblemente fuese el primer estado proto-túrquico-mongol existente. De esta manera, lo más seguro es que xiongnu fuesen una confederación de tribus autóctonas de la estepa oriental, de quienes surgirían después los túrquicos y los mongoles, que en tiempos xiongnu seguro no se diferenciaban, por nada más que algunas variaciones en sus lenguas, que aún eran muy parecidas. Hay muchas similitudes entre las culturas y mitologías mongola y túrquica, y a la vez ambas comparten muchos rasgos culturales con xiongnu, como la yurta en el carro, el arco mongol, la canción larga, la misma procedencia lingüística, etc...

[@poocabraxi]

I HAVE A VERY HARD TIME CONNECTING TURKS TO HUNS THANKS TO YOU I WILL DO MORE RESEARCH ABOUT THIS INSTEAD OF DEBATING WITH MODERN DAY ARABS ON KZbin SECTIONS SAYING OTHERWISE HUNS ARE MONGOLOID STEPPE NOMADS. 💯🤞

[@btxteppei7327]

Good

[@barakdan1858]

love this professor, very interesting video, thank you!

[@peterwindhorst5775]

The best description for the horse bow I gave is -> "take the English longbow and give them wings."

[@Oppetsismiimsitsitc]

The idea that the Hunnic invasion influenced European Feudalism (which are the origins of Western culture, rather than Rome), is awesome and makes a lot of sense. I can't wait until there's more scholarship on the topic. As to military influences of the East on the West. That's really no surprise to a thinking person. Especially in terms of arms, armour and horsemanship. The Medieval Byzantine military is essentially an amalgamation of Old Roman and Steppe (Hunnic, Avar, Turkic) military organisation and tactics.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

You mean the Sarmatians, the Avars, Parthia, and the Sasanians, all of these Iranian peoples

[@attila3231]

@@user-cg2tw8pw7j Name of CHIREZM: in Old Sumerian, k u - MAG - GAR - r i - e s - m a. The Sumer and Subar (SZABÍR) peoples then expanded from here in all directions of the wind rose. So much for the Sumerians in general. The original religion of the Sumerians was nature worship, as the people of MAGOR (MAG-UR) are the SKYTS or MAGGAR (Hungarians). There are also ancient writings on the lions of the mural of the royal chapel in Esztergom. These punctuation marks are archaic Sumerian numbers and cuneiform signs. The magic circle protects and protects-- The palm fronds (palmettes) are the Sumerian g e s - t i n = leaves of the tree of life-- The date palm seen in the circle - the Sumerian name is "s a g", this word has another meaning in Sumerian, namely: k e - g y e s, t i s z t a, s z e n t, by the way, this is a synonym for "a z - a g" = holy, clean, etc. The Sumerian name of the lion is: m a g - u r (u r - m a g), and its literal meaning is: "great guardian". It can also mean ruler, king. However, these words also have another meaning that fits here: "Sublime" f i a. M a ĥ (m a ğ) is also the name of the Sumerian Mother of God = "Exalted" or "Majestic". And úr is a worn-out form of gur - g a r or g i r - meaning: child. This is how it sounds when the two drawings are put together or read together. š a g - m a ğ - u r matching š a g - m a ğ - a r = child of holy "m a g a s z t o s". The dialectal version of this: š u g - m u ğ - e r , with the usual combination in New Sumerian: š a g - m a ğ - a r = š a - m a a r š u g - m u ğ - e r = š u - m e r The date palm and the lion phonetically give the folk name "Sumerian". Among the marks on the lion's body, the most striking and at the same time the most decorative are: the closed eight-pointed star on its tail, the four-hook hook-like (strongly thickened) wedge mark passing through the trunk; the brighter three circle-shaped signs enclosed in a closed semi-circle depicting the temple on the verge, or dots, etc... In summary: Sag - mag - ur ki - in - du din - gir - ki - in - es - e du - du. K i - i n - d u, or K i - e n - d u with the usual forward and backward matching in Sumerian: K e - e n - d e or Kü - ü n - dü, the old Hungarian title "k e n d e" means worldly ruler, king . D i n - g i r - k i - i n - e š - e - d u - d u = Goodness (K i - i n (E n - k i) Son of god. The original Sumerian text, in the late Hungarian language, can be freely translated as follows: Sumer (that is: Hungarian) K e n d e (és) K e néz. Immortalized on the wall of the royal chapel in Esztergom, the representation of a lion enclosed in a magical circle is a symbol of the secular and ecclesiastical power of the Hungarian king - built on ancient monuments.

[@Alaryk111]

I'm sorry but the idea that the origins of the Western culture lies in feudalism is proposterous. Western countries are republics not monarchies. And even in the ones that call themselves "monarchies" the possition of the king is purely ceremonial. The law in the western countries is a development of the Roman law and not feudal law. There are no warlords nor dynastic crisises in the West. Those type of thing are domain of Russia and the central asian "republics" which i guess would support the idea that feudalim originates in the step since it's still practiced there.

[@Oppetsismiimsitsitc]

@@Alaryk111 1. Rome wasn't a republic for most of its history, only ~500 years of it. Rome represented the last hurrah of Hellenistic civilisation, not the beginning of Western. 2. Western traditions of republicanism and democracy are far, far removed from Classical Rome and Greece. They're largely products of 18-19th century nationalism. 3. The "East" had more long-lasting influence from Rome than the "West" did, due to the longevity of the Eastern Roman Empire. 4. Russian adoption of serfdom came well after the practice stopped in Western Europe. It was a direct result of Tsarist absolutism, whereas absolutism rose in the "West" as a direct result of feudalisms end. 5. Modern Political stability has nothing to do with civilisational origins, it is far more recent. It was the fall of the USSR and forced "shock therapy" economics that led to the current political system throughout the former USSR. 6. "Roman law" coexisted with "feudal law" for centuries. Both Civil Law and Common Law are derived from the admixture of Feudal, Germanic, Roman and Canonical Law. Borrowing from other (especially older) cultures and civilisations is something that all humans do.

[@JuditMail]

@@attila3231 Vègre egy magyar szakavatott hozzászólás! Biztos jó segitseg ennek a fiatal professzornak. ..talán egy nagyszeru együttműködés még brilliánsabb es pontosabb eredményt hozhatna a magyar kutatók - prof. Borbola János, Dr ph. Neparaczki Endre, Dr Prof Kásler Miklós, Grandpierre Attila astrophysicist - legfrissebb kutatási eredményeinek bevonásával.

[@usvidragonslayer3091]

Nice

[@davidesilvano7814]

Considering the thesis that the hunns and the awars brouth protofeudalisem to western eurasia. They might have had a crucial influence in it‘s development but they can‘t have started it. This is because the first steps in that directions happened centurys before during the roman imperial age. In the times before the roman imperium the world north of the alps was complex, diverse but also very localize but also very interconnected and in some regions also quite unstabel while other regions were more stabel what this meant is that there were a lot of small local groups and actors which were integrated in a wied net of long distance trade and alliances. But from what we know we can‘t call this people feudal. Some of them may have ben more centraly organiced then others and others were rather loosly organized. That doesen‘t mean that their politics were less complex far from it but let‘s just say they were different. But in the germania this slowly began to change once they came in direct military contact with the roman imperium. This lead to profound changes in society, military and religion. In the end there were big tribes with more strict and powerfull military kings. This are then the entities like the goths. the franks, burgundians, saxons,angels,frisians,thuringians, allamanni,langobards and so on. This then came into contact with people like the hunns, the awars and so on. They were then basicly sandwiched between two aggresive empires or part of one of them. Said that them allreday having some protofeudal charcateristics some of them like the franks appropriated further elements from the hunns and the eastern romans as well as from classical sources and christian sources to increass their power and stance and becoming empires themselves and from there on others like the anglosaxons and the welsh, the irish and so on copied them. But from there it was of course still a far way to integrate the whole western part of eurasia into a feudal system a process that would continue up until the end of the early middel ages.

[@sharbee6657]

@33:10 is known as a medicine wheel with the Turtle Island people

[@prestonjones1653]

1:02:00 This is pretty surprising to hear. Growing up and in my own study as an adult I had always heard that the Germanic tribes were forced westwards by them fleeing the Huns, and their constant fights with Rome weakened them to the point where the Huns caused absolute mayhem until Atilla's death when the empire fell apart and just disappeared.

[@user-rg6ui1os5f]

Гунни на самом деле унни(Union) Приск Панийский видел Аттилу своими глазами.И он називает империю гуннов Скифией а Аттилу родом из царских скифов.Унни (гунни)не китайци и не монголи

[@poocabraxi]

​I WAS WITH YOU UNTIL YOU SAID THE HUNS WERENT MONGOL RELATED🙄@@user-rg6ui1os5f

[@SuperMrMuster]

31:24 The Seima-Turbino culture is connected to the spread of Uralic languages. They were the speakers of Proto-Uralic. The Seima-Turbino people are the paternal ancestors of the Finns, the Estonians, the Sami, the Hungarians, and other Uralic language speaking people. This is not to say they were monolingual, as neither were later steppe empires. There are many Indo-Iranian and later Indo-Aryan loanwords in Proto-Uralic. The word for "hammer" in Finnish is "vasara", related to the Sanskrit "vajra". The Finnish smith god Ilmarinen, who was said to have forged the heavens, is connected to the Vedic Indra, a sky god. Ilmarinen wields a vasara, Indra wields a vajra. The relationship of the Proto-Uralic speakers with Indo-Iranian and later Indo-Aryan speakers is not simple either. The word for "king, ruler, khan" in Proto-Uralic was *asira or *asera, related to the Vedic Hasuras, which in later Hindu-Buddhist tradition came to mean "demon", but originally meant "a ruler". On the other hand, the word for "slave" in Finnish is "orja", which is related to Sanskrit word "arya", which means "nobleman, free man". There is this meme online about a "Proto-Finno-Ugric Khaganate", but if any such thing could be found in real history or prehistory, it would be the Seima-Turbino culture.

[@nikhiljoshiPi]

This culture may well be explained if we consider that these people were emigres from Yamuna basin and they settled into first the Tarim basin where they came into contact with tocharians and later moved away to South Russia and eventually Finland. Many themes of the Indo Aryan culture remained but they had acquired opposite connotation because of their stay with Tocharians which were previously expelled from Yamuna basin

[@tayfundirek9653]

The Hun empire consisted of 90% Turkic peoples and 10% slaves.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

@@nikhiljoshiPi Did they worship the dragon because these peoples revered the dragon animal, like the wicked Scythians?

[@poocabraxi]

​@user-cg2tw8pw7ALOT OF NOMADIC TRIBES HAD DRAGONS ON THEIR SHIELDS AS WELL I KNOW ATTILA THE HUN DID. ITS VERY ASIAN TO CLING ON TO THE DRAGON IDEOLOGY ESPECIALLY JAPAN BUT YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT ALREADY 😊

[@davidesilvano7814]

Still I think the thsis that stepp empires had an profound impact on the development of feudalisem in europe is worth looking into. And the fact that the overal trend was already going kind of in that direction make s it more likely because this means there were actualy the kind of people and the kind of culture there that could have an interest and a likeing or an accepantce towards the ideas from this stepp empires and so it seems quite possible that they would be appropriarted. Becaus for that to happen there needs to be the right precinditions and motives.

[@seanpoore2428]

This is an awesome presentation! Tho I will add that this guy propagates a few common military exaggerations. The draw weights and flight distance of longbow/recurve composite bow shots are always being debated, but you sell the "english" longbow short and oversell steppe archery alittle. Also I have yet to see the silk kevlar thing tested effectively in a modern scientific setting. If someone has a link to a study on this please share! STILL a hell of a presentation, great work and hope to see more like this!

[@anotherhistoryenthusiast5874]

Historians often misinterpret military of old times. Most of fhem never touched a weapon. Military history is not something that can be learnt from books only.

[@seanpoore2428]

@@anotherhistoryenthusiast5874 which is precisely why I don't blame him for keeping the misconceptions going. If you're not familiar in the style of combat you're reading about it can be easy to miss these things

[@chuluunsugarragchaa6659]

@seanpoore mongol wrestlers attires are made of silk. silk attires are tough to rupture and yet soo light.

[@seanpoore2428]

@@chuluunsugarragchaa6659 oh I know it's hella strong but I really wanna see some archers shoot it to settle the issue once and for all

[@chuluunsugarragchaa6659]

@@seanpoore2428

[@ElBandito]

Listening now.

[@poocabraxi]

WE KNOW THAT DUHH🙄

[@nenenindonu]

Sources like the Book of Zhou and Weishu link the dynasties of the Göktürk and Uyghur Khaganates to the Xiongnu rulers

[@christopherellis2663]

România is one of the places where everyone settled or passed through. Vienna (Beč) was part of the Avar Khağanate. Plenty of Iranian faces in the streets.

[@abukharan5774]

I enjoyed his book

[@jamesdakrn]

12:46 - does "Chanyu" aka "daruga" also have to do with the later Mongol titles "Darugachi" in the Yuan dynasty?

[@wikibilig339]

Yes, daruga is still used in the Mongolian and darugachi is the same with suffix chi.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Weishu "vol. 103 section Gāochē" text: 高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也。其種有狄氏、袁紇氏、斛律氏、解批氏、護骨氏、異奇斤氏。" transl. "Gaoche, probably remnant stocks of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili, in the North they are considered Chile, the various Xia(i.e. Chinese) consider them Gaoche Dingling / Dingling with High-Carts. Their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though there are small differences. Or one may say they were sons-in-laws / sororal nephews of their Xiongnu predecessors. Their tribes are Di, Yuanhe, Hulu, Jiepi, Hugu, Yiqijin."

[@buqtair3129]

This is a great episode. It brings into focus the fallacy of cultural and filial piety vs the value of a multicultural neologism which simply rolls over all opposition through total cultural Integration

[@egbewattnkongho3877]

Woah what a video

[@peterwindhorst5775]

Also with the wolves - they also had a lot of dog burials. So Dogs and wolve = gods. The heroes = gods or semi-divine.

[@dubuyajay9964]

What about the Latinfunda? This already existing system had a lot of earmarks akin to feudalism. (Large farm owned by one man or family, the workers have very limited rights and had to give some of their crops to the land owner, etc...)

[@yancysiu]

有人認為匈牙利人是匈奴的後裔，但兩者入侵歐洲的時間相隔接近五百年，但匈牙利人的姓名與東亞國家：中日韓三國的排序相同，姓在前，名在後，所以匈牙利人肯定來自亞洲。原先入侵歐洲的匈奴人早已經被歐洲人消滅或者同化。

[@keteket]

The self-designation of Hungarians is Magyars

[@odilbekb-sarkaev1052]

Grigorievka 95 ancient archeogenetic sample from the modern Kazakhstan, a male person lived approximately in 241 AD. Probably he was one of the White Hun- Kidarite, Chionite, Alchon, Nezak Hun or Hephthalite population member.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

Hetahlia look like Persians

[@beregu]

Bagatur or pronounced as ‘baatar’ meant general/commander in ancient Mongolian. Now it means hero.

[@josephbelov6212]

Baatyr in Kyrgyz

[@istvannemeth1026]

"Bátor" in Hungarian (means brave)

[@beregu]

@@istvannemeth1026 Great to know. 👍😀

[@MongolEmpire77]

Batyr is Turkic!

[@tkendirli]

Bahadır in modern Turkish. Means courageous & strait honest.

[@shagaigan326]

Is Modu Chanyu Baghatur or Darghwa? Is tur (from baghatur) and darghwa reads the same? How come?

[@altangereltsolmon1672]

They were mongolic people after all. Chinggis Khaan stated that his empire is the successor xioungnu empire.

[@cetcelpen2451]

mongolic is not equal to mongol. what was the language of chinggis empire?

[@altangereltsolmon1672]

@@adamblackwell524 the romans gave us full description of them after all.

[@altangereltsolmon1672]

@@adamblackwell524 nobody entirely proved they were turkic at all.

[@vitorpereira9515]

How the Seima-Turbino relates to the Andronovo culture?

[@HatredForMankind]

Dynastic name appropriation was a legit phenomenon among the steppe tribes, like even the Seljuks & Ottomans claiming descent from Oghuz Khan, Göktürk aristocracy using the name Ashina(probably originally a long gone Scythian name) or Tamerlane claiming Genghisid descent. So Hun was apparently a prestigious dynastic name back then.

[@keteket]

Ashina is from the Turkic Uysuna (Union of Turkic tribes). It has been preserved to this day as the name of the tribe. But most of the Turkic tribes go to Ashina (Uysuna)

[@ikengaspirit3063]

@@keteket Just so you know, the claim that Ashina is of Sycthian origin claims it is derived off Arya.

[@warrenhollowbooks]

Very intertesting

[@rafaelbogdan9307]

32:10 The Mongol Empire before the Mongol Empire 🤯😁

[@thedon9247]

From what i recall crude forms of Feudalism were already in existence among Indo-Aryan societies prior to this.

[@parisan9985]

Give me an example of this crude forms.

[@Khanate0825]

The first name Kim's from Xiongnu, the Kim il-je who from Xiongnu to came from Silla and his descendent became a empire of silla. and Kim means gold (金) because these people rever of gold.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

No, it is a union between the Mongols and the Iranians, to be precise

[@Nagi1344]

​​​​@@user-cg2tw8pw7jdude u r wrong, xiongnu is from mong family clan...we called us xiong and the way you guys pronounced it is the same...the Chinese Hans even adapted our people clan name as a surname after beating us😅😅? we are nomads people from Siberia that got along with Mongolians😂? The name xiong was the leader family name... It was named after the region n named it as a pack of our people

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

@@Nagi1344 Then why were they allied with the Aryan peoples in western Mongolia? Even the Hun king was allied with them

[@akiraasmr3002]

Have they done DNA studies to see how if the huns are related to the Xiongnu and who the huns where related to later on like turkic tribes or mongolians

[@ahmetcb]

Oguz Khan ✨👌🏻💖

[@subutaynoyan5372]

I wonder if the legitimacy wars and conflicts between Seljuks and Danishmends, and Ottomans with other Turkic nomads in their dominion for centuries, are caused by both these dynasties are not actually descended from golden line of Huns

[@ravenwynd]

Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler who was extremely curious of Ost Turkistan, and who met my biological Grand Uncle from Waffen SS face to face would be amazed today. It's such a fascinating idea that Deutschland appears to be much bigger than people previously thought of. And what is Reich of United Deutschland without Attila, Siegfried, Brunkhilda and Nibelungen? Entire Civilizations will crumble again but the Legend will remain It's such a Flashy Journey to the Heart of Germany like some Beam of Laser And even beyond to Sangreal, Burgundy & Aquitaine, Avalon & Camelot. Many Sophisticated Nations specifically of South loathed this Mysterious Legacy out of apparent reasons. It is almost a Metaphysical experience to assemble so many Germanic tribes under one Reign no Roman Emperor could ever replicate, afford nor accomplish

[@gilgameschvonuruk4982]

I think that the idea of Feudalism coming from the Huns makes a lot of sense

[@t3ngrist620]

bagatur or ba'atar means simply the hero or nation's hero in mongolian. also, daruga or daraga in mongolian means prime one, main genereal, or 1st in command smt like that

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

The hero does not kill his father or brothers

[@burak9236]

​@@user-cg2tw8pw7j If the father wants to kill his son, the son eliminates his father. Stupid Arab.

[@burak9236]

Bagatur is a Turkic word.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

@@burak9236 No, the father wanted his second son to be the king, but this son killed his father and brother

[@burak9236]

@@user-cg2tw8pw7j According to Turkish tradition, after the father's death, the eldest child born to a Turkish mother should be the ruler. T'ou-man (Bagatur's father) did not obey this law. T'ou-man married a woman, with whom he had a son. The woman told T'ou-man to send Bagatur hostage to the Yue-chihs. T'ou-man sent Bagatur as hostage to his neighbor Yue-chihs. (The states would gain each other's trust by giving hostages to each other. If one of the two states did not comply with the agreement and attacked its neighbor, the hostage would be killed.) After T'ou-man sent Bagatur hostage, he declared war on the Yue-chihs. (He wants the Yue-chihs to kill Bagatur.) Bagatur stole his own horse and fled from the Yue-chihs towards his state. T'ou-man seemed glad that his son had been saved. He gave him a group of archers of 1 division. (The division means 10000 soldiers.) Bagatur realized that his father was trying to kill him. His father was now an enemy to him. As a result, Bagatur killed 10,000 soldiers under his command and his father, stepmother and half-brother for the peace of the state. (The state is more valuable to the Turk than the father.)

[@safruddinaly5822]

The video comment section is amazing

[@poocabraxi]

IM SURPRISED THERE ARENT MORE TURKS ARGUING THOUGH I GOT USED TO THEM ALREADY 😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@raymondhuynh25]

Thank you AJ for getting Professor Kim to share his scholarship and knowledge 🙂 on this topic!

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The history of the Gaoju is given in the respective entry in WS 103 + (pp. 2505-2508); until the beginning of Text 1.056/B it is extracted as follows. 高車,蓋古赤狄之餘種也初號為狄歷,北方以為敕勒,諸夏以為高車、丁零。 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異,或云其先匈奴之也。 The Gaoju are probably the remaining tribes of the ancient Chidi [lit. 'the red Di']. Initially they were called Dili. People in the north called them Chile, whereas people in China proper called them Gaoju or Dingling. Their language is roughly the same as that of the Xiongnu but at times has minor differences from that. Some say that their ancestors were the nephew of [i.e. indirectly related to] the Xiongnu.

[@pigeonandicecream174]

12:55 mongolians have word for daruka or darka.We say darga its meaning leader or cheif

[@Ersen_abiniz]

l am from Türkiye and l have nearly %30 Xiongnu genome according to illustrative DNA test. Periodic timelapse shows, at bronze age l have 6.6 amur river hunter gatherers genome also 3.6 yellow river hunter gatherers genome.%20 central steppe herderer genome. Very proud of my Turkic speaking anchestors.

[@connormelvin5560]

Great video! No more use of the word nomad from me! Also does anyone know how to be a Patron on Patreon? I’m new to the site but I see no option under Cool History Bros to become a Patron.. am I not cool enough? 🦑

[@CoolHistoryBros]

Thanks so much for the support, Connor. But we have currently suspended our patreon page, due to the team being on hiatus.

[@erhanozaydin853]

Thank you for this one because this guy gets what makes step empires tick. I don’t know why but I am surprised to see a Han really gets Huns :). I do not agree with him on some of his deductions but that is not significant. IMHO, what made Hun empire tick made its successors also tick like Gokturks, Liao, Avars, Mongols, Selcuks, Ottomans and to a large extent Russian empires, all of which are very well documented.

[@yemaek]

get over yourself

[@ahmetcb]

big Thanks Professor

[@wilsonli5642]

I wonder - if the term "Hun" or "Xiongnu" is a political name rather than an ethnic name, could it be the source of the Turkic "Khan" or "Khagan"?

[@teovu5557]

That doesnt make sense as the Turkic tribes at that time used both Hun and Khan as completely separate terms. And the Chinese spelled both using different characters. If there was any basic in your guess it woud of been brought up as a theory eons go but isnt because there def not the same words. lol btw the Nu in Xiongnu is old chinese for barbarian(Di as well) and the actually word is just Xiong or Hun. So no its not the source for Khagan and Khan is a term for a ruler while Hun is a common word for "human/man" in old turkic and mongolic languages see modern modern mongolian Qon/Hon(human) or Turkic kün, gün(human/people)

[@yo2trader539]

It could just literally mean "匈奴" as in a generic term to refer to all nomadic horse-riding northern barbarians outside of Chinese realm. "Ethnicity" is a modern social construct that modern people are projecting into past history. 2,000 years ago, they were nomadic tribal/clan-based societies that didn't have a political center or a capital city. For reasons not certain, 匈奴 (Xiongnu) rulers were called and transliterated as 単宇 (Chanyu). In later centuries, rulers of the Mongolian steppe were called Khagan, and is recorded and transliterated in Chinese as 可汗. The Gokturks Khagan give the title "俟斤 (Irkin) to the head of each clan subordinate to them. One of them was the Uyghur clan (回紇部).

[@user-np7qe9dq7z]

Hun still means "Person" in Mongolian.

[@videosteward]

56:56 The rest of this video is really interesting and I enjoyed it a lot, but the comment about silk being used as armour by the mongols is untrue. Even if it did stop arrows it would have been way too expensive for what is essentially gambeson. The myth originated in I believe the 1930s from a german historian called michael prawdwin who made up the claim to explain/justify the mongol conquest of europe.

[@bamsbeyrek4939]

Çinli tarihçiler,Çin kaynaklarında Göktürk Kağanlığının Hunların devamı olduğunu kayda geçirmişler..Ayrıca Hun kurganlarından(mezar) alınan,Hun dönemine tarihlenen DNA örnekleri bugünkü Türk halklarına yakın, bunu nasıl açıklıyorsunuz?..

[@keteket]

There is Eurocentrism in the world now. It is not profitable for them to talk about the Turks, that's why the Mongols came up with it. To rewrite our history to the invented Mongols, they are not Mongols, but Khalkha, Kalmyks and Buryats. Their language has adopted many Turkisms, which is similar to Ancient Turkic.

[@jivanselbi3657]

the Kerei, Nayman, Nogai, Jalayir, all Northern Turkic speaking (KIPCHAQ) as well as Özbek, all are names of leaders, as mentioned, we, the Turkic speakers scattered in many countries, also believe that we are descendants of Altai Turks people.. it does not change the fact if the Xiongnu(Hun) were Turks or Mongols

[@dyonisos7295]

Wouldnt say it was an improvement