Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption Update; The Tsunami was Higher than First Thought

[@GeologyHub]

The tsunami damage was most extreme on the western edge of the island of Tongatapu, and on minor outlying islands closer to the volcano. The topography of Tongatapu decreased the wave height which hit Tonga's capital city. If it had not, damage would have been far worse there. As for the size of the volcanic explosion, it is more powerful than the blast during the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens. However, it is far less energetic than the 1883 Krakatoa blast.

[@Godzillaminusone737]

So it's possible that it's a vei 5 than right

[@Godzillaminusone737]

Also question

[@Godzillaminusone737]

Could you please do a video on the deccan traps volcano or maybe even the corbetti caldera in Africa

[@Joeythegamerchaser]

It could be a 6

[@Joeythegamerchaser]

Cause

[@Solutionsarejustcompromises]

Best Vulcano news source there is, period. Just cold Facts, no doomsday opinions. We need more of that in this world...

[@larrybuzbee7344]

Yes we do. Also, more people who care about what is knowable and fewer who do not would be good. It could happen here. Or not.

[@sarahlachman1349]

AMEN!

[@KillberZomL4D42494]

@Tech Stuf Want a Nobel prize for that?

[@KillberZomL4D42494]

@Tech Stuf Yeah you need Nobel prize, dang.

[@Solutionsarejustcompromises]

@Tech Stuf if its Facts, get it researched/peer reviewed. Untill than its just only your doomsday opinion, Like so many others on the net...

[@ReclinedPhysicist]

You do an excellent job of explaining geology to people who are non geologists and to people like me who are amateur geologists. I have wondered about the nature of this explosion and you explained it perfectly.

[@billrobbins5874]

Hope the people can evacuate if want to?

[@stevenhj3124]

Mother Earth is always changing! Excellent summation of the events on Tonga. Thank you. Just curious; the narrator is not human?

[@johnyoung1128]

@@stevenhj3124 He narrates his own videos and he is human.

[@navy4735]

I know....😊 doesn't he? 😊

[@wendellcombs622]

Agreed

[@JermStone]

Your coverage of this volcano is rapidly increasing your subscriber count! Keep up the good work!

[@lairdcummings9092]

Quality work gets recognized.

[@pdxsoles7908]

YESSSIR. THIS IS WHAT WE NEED

[@Mrs.LadeyBug]

I just discovered your channel yesterday, and subscribed today after this greatly done update!

[@_ChrisIsHere]

Thank God for natural disasters!

[@tombiby5892]

His MS Paint skill earned my subscription.

[@jamesthompson3099]

Your coverage of this eruption has been extraordinary. The site in general is a wonderful source for anyone interested in volcanology. Many thanks for your work.

[@daisyelmir1289]

🎯👍🌼 Spot on!

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@fightsportnews4329]

@@daisyelmir1289 kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@cherylb6755]

As horrific and disturbing as this is and as what you are saying can be, I find your calm, straight-forward, measured discussion not only informative but also calming and comforting. I trust you will share well. Thank you very much!

[@Techno_Idioto]

That's the wonder of reporting such events in a calm, concise, clear, and measured manner. Not only does it calm those watching, it also decreases the chance of panic occurring before, during, and after the event.

[@cherylb6755]

@@Techno_Idioto~ Yes. And that is very well appreciated. 🌅

[@cmcer1995]

You obviously put in a lot of time into your research of this and other volcanos and then edit your information in a clear and precise manner that anyone can understand. As I have found your channel very informative I have also learned a lot more about the nature of volcanoes. This was definitely a very unusual eruption and very powerful affecting many places all over the globe. Keep up the good work.

[@slymcfly123]

He's a Volcanologist. He's been doing this for years. This could be once in a lifetime eruption. Could. But this man was ready, and born for this.

[@electricpassmountain]

@@slymcfly123 he is... Volcanomaaaaan !

[@shaunjlvelez]

Well worded .

[@howardramsey7243]

Many thanks. You've allowed me to tick that " Learn something new everyday " box quite a lot recently. Please keep them coming!

[@brodriguez7934]

Thank you for the update, 49 feet at the shore is a big difference than 6 feet at sea.

[@howardrsims]

Thank you for the graphics on the caldera. I could not understand why they said it was underwater until I saw this video.

[@NitroCheng]

This is much more informative and clear than most of the news channels. Thank you.

[@TacoBellMexicanPizza123]

Love your channel keep up this excellent work

[@canto_v12]

Excellent explanation and the modelling really helps understand the massive scale of the underwater volcano.

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@tracesee681]

Thanks for your very clear explanation of the Volcano near Tonga. Prayers for the residents…

[@seamushassard4770]

Makes sense that it was largely steam, boiler explosions are incredibly powerful

[@zillamir8624]

Are there awards for the best and most informative KZbin videos?? Because you need to be nominated for one!! 😊🙏 Award winning as always!

[@adogthatscoolerthanyou]

Your coverage and education of this eruption is phenomenal. No hype, just facts. You deserve 10x more subscribers.

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@MissionaryInMexico]

This was an excellent presentation. It's amazing how you learned the proper pronunciation of all the local names of the places. 😁👍🏆

[@rh5563]

Love the content as always. It’s nice to see your list of subscribers multiply. 👍👍👍

[@doneown503]

Due to melting of known ancient ice in both south & north poles , is increasing the depth of the "column" of water on oceans depth. This is , quite simply , the push-back.

[@IceParoxysm]

Should note due to the ash, and damage to Tonga's main airport; flights into Tonga not really happening, however ships are on their way from Australia and New Zealand with supplies.

[@RealisticZeus]

There’s no damage they just need to clear the runway of ash

[@emirdesouza331]

@@Nelz. The airport wasn’t affected by the tsunami but the runway needed to be cleared of ash. It has been confirmed today the runway is cleared so emergency aid flights from New Zealand and Australia will depart soon.

[@Nelz.]

@@emirdesouza331 u edited ur comment i replied to

[@Nelz.]

@@emirdesouza331 👍

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@hilaryhershner2269]

Thanks for sharing/creating those images showing the caldera collapse and then how the volcano erupted. I was doing some research yesterday about volcanoes/tsunamis and I was specifically looking for caldera collapse, but I could only find written explanations. Those images really helped me understand how those form. Great video!

[@bigblob1623]

Thanks for this, more good work. I like your videos because they are brief, but informative and clear.

[@JayneCobbsBunk]

Good stuff! Quick note to anyone watching in the future: The date on the graphic starting at 2:24 is wrong. It says Dec 14 & 25, 2022 instead of January.

[@bookenjoyer3970]

I noticed that too! Glad it wasn’t just me who saw it

[@oneandonlyshyam]

This video is from the future!

[@kabelinmel1]

I started watching your channel since the La Palma eruption and I’ve been hooked ever since! Thanks for producing informative and concise content 😁

[@derangedgod4440]

I have seen big explosions, when water drops fall into hot oil in a pan. The drops tend to fall below oil level, and the temperature transferred suddenly heats the water above boiling point, making it to explode violently, sending oil everywhere. Something similar ocurred with this volcano, when the water was unable to escape from the enclosed caldera. Edit: Do not try this at home! ⚠️

[@davidford3115]

Good analogy.

[@erinmcdonald7781]

Might be something for the Slo-Mo guys to try, though. ✌️😸

[@Skarfar90]

A good analogy. This is why you don't use water to extinguish an oil fire, as the water will flash to steam, explode and subsequently send burning oil shooting up. The people behind the Hydraulic Press Channel did an experiment with burning oil on their second channel "Beyond the Press" They did film it with a high framerate camera for some excellent slow-mo footage

[@davidford3115]

@@Skarfar90 Didn't Discovery Channel's program "Time Warp" do something similar to that as well? I recall that the guest on their show were performers called "Gasoline Girls" who helped to demonstrate the danger of oil fires.

[@Skarfar90]

@@davidford3115 I think many channels did. I never saw that show myself, but we had a show on our national channel where some guys did an experiment with burning oil, and poured water into the cooking pot. They ended up burning down the house

[@erinmcdonald7781]

This is a great explanation of the dynamics of the eruption and tsunami. Your factual reports are an invaluable resource, especially right now. I noticed the trolls, etc. are out. Ignore them. I know myself and others have been referring to your channel because we need and love good science. You Rock! 💜🌏✌️😎

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@vhhawk]

Your work here is exemplary. Thank you.

[@TC-bh3bi]

Thank you! Your videos are extremely educational and greatly appreciated.

[@lolvondgf]

Wow,you just made 16k Subs in 24hrs. Impressive. Thanks for the news

[@AK-ug1md]

Great not over detailed analysis!!! Learned a lot

[@bukboefidun9096]

Excellent reports. Thank you.

[@donnacsuti4980]

Thanks for the detailed and informative report

[@thedigginggardener]

Thanks for the excellent update. Your diagram was brilliant. 👍🏼

[@grandpadavid45]

Excellent video! Bravo for the comprehensive attention to detail. Thumbs UP!

[@BladeRunner-td8be]

Normal video speed is much to fast to absorb the info contained within it. I finally ended up at 70% video speed. Love this channel but sometimes I have to slow you down! 😉🙂

[@gregorydiggs9227]

You are the best KZbin channel hands down. Great work presenting real facts. You should run the USGS

[@greywuffzfavrr6038]

I salute you on keeping us up to date and you ability to pronounce that volcano's full name.

[@tomp_]

20K subs in a few videos! Well deserved!

[@alansmith9948]

The Krakatoa eruption long ago was extremely violent and heard thousands of kilometers away, shocked the world.

[@stefanzzz6778]

I live in New Zealand, thousands of kms away, and I heard this one. Just saying.

[@jameswalker7459]

Since the new patron this channel as got better and better.The amount of information which is fitted in this video is not dragged on for half-hour and more like other videos!you learn more in less the time on this channel Ty new patron! Ty Geology hub for sharing this information...staysafe viewer's

[@adventurecoalition3690]

Thx for the information, very clear. Our thoughts and prayers go out to the people of Tonga 🙏

[@eabstreet]

I've been following this channel for a while. Your contributions make the world a better, more understandable place. Thank you!

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@lynnmitzy1643]

Thank you 👍

[@dj_laundry_list]

That eruption was the best thing to happen to this channel since I subscribed

[@jproductions6208]

Could you possibly do a video on the formation of the Black Hills in South Dakota? I've been interested in how they formed since I moved here.

[@suzettebavier4412]

Thank you for this update

[@slooob23]

Some scientists have suggested that the explosion was too large to be explained by a water/magma interaction alone. There could be another mechanism involved as well, it will be interesting to see what more data could bring.

[@jimbobeire]

But is there a lot of data on shallow underwater eruptions? I was reading an article about the Sept 1952 Myojin Sho eruption, which was also from a volcano in shallow water. It caused a large explosion, which destroyed the survey vessel studying the eruption, and set off a series of tsunamis.

[@slooob23]

@@jimbobeire it may not have been particularly shallow. The tsunami was very large and would have required an enormous displacement of water to generate.

[@jimbobeire]

@@slooob23 the caldera was about 200m down, so compared to volcanoes that are 1000m or lower, it was shallow.

[@slooob23]

@@jimbobeire 200m is not that shallow. It is likely too deep for a steam eruption alone to overcome the pressure and release 10mt of energy. Possibly a steam trigger from partial collapse then rapid release of pressure from the caldera floor displacing all the water above it.

[@TwazkemUSAbi]

It looks like it may have been a "rod of god" space weapon.

[@troutbassncat3025]

One of the best explanations I've seen of this disaster.

[@NovaSilisko]

It's interesting how this eruption perhaps exposes some limitations in the terminology of the VEI scale - to the everyday public who hears "volcanic explosivity index" and then sees a 10 megaton volcanic explosion, one might assume a higher rating than actually is given if using its definition of material emitted. My first completely non-expert thought is some additional metric(s) that consider force brought about by phreatic eruptions, material emitted vs duration, etc.

[@jonjones4903]

random choice by me. first time on this channel. loved this guy's accent. kept me interested throughout. subscribed.

[@TheRealOtakuJoe]

The collateral damage to the nearest inhabited the island seems to be so great that I could imagine the island to be pretty much uninhabitable for humans for a short period of time. For context, the explosion which is equivalent to a 10 megatons bomb was 1/5 the size of the tzar bomba hydrogen bomb detonated by the former Soviet Union in 1961. The cloud produce from that bomb reached heights of 37 miles or 60 kilometers.

[@woodonfire7406]

Ten megatons is almost as close to the power as the Castle Bravo (which is at 13-15 megatons, l forgot) The most powerful weapon American has, and the second most powerful Nuclear bomb in human history

[@Techno_Idioto]

@@woodonfire7406 Castle Bravo was measured to be 15 Megatons. Which, by the way, was *not* planned. They *accidentally* boosted the weapon's power to such a degree.

[@Regolith86]

@@woodonfire7406 Castle Bravo was a test shot, not a model of bomb. It was supposed to be 6 megatons, but a misunderstanding of the lithium reactions involved meant the explosion was much larger than anticipated. It had a yield of 15 megatons. The most powerful US nuclear bomb was the B44 that had a yield of 25 megatons. It was retired in 1976. The current most powerful nuke in the US arsenal is the B83 with a yield of 1.2 megatons.

[@yanirawr]

WOW very well explained and concise! I finally understand what happened. Subscribed!!!!

[@CxAgar]

Any way this could be a pre-sight to another future caldera eruption? Or is this it for now with maybe a few minor phreatic eruptions Also I would love to see a video on Mt. Cameroon

[@Techno_Idioto]

Very likely to simply be minor phreatic eruptions. A caldera-forming eruption seems to be extremely unlikely, given that the volcano just suffered a massive steam explosion.

[@CxAgar]

@@Techno_Idioto This is more due to pre-set of the last caldera. What was a spread out caldera forming eruption.

[@jeffdejarnette9495]

I always enjoy your channel, but on this particular eruption you provide a very detailed analysis which is much needed. Thank you for all your effort..

[@dboconnor57]

I feel so bad for the people of Tonga. Let’s hope aid and healthcare reaches them quickly. Bless them all!

[@barbarajarvis7441]

So glad I found your channel!

[@MatthewChenault]

I wouldn’t be surprised if Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai will erupt again in the near future (within the next couple of years). This time, however, it might be more likely that a future Surtseyan eruption will result in a more permanent island that will be more stable than the previous eruptions.

[@TheBeverly7]

This is an excellent explanation of what happened! !!!!!!!

[@I.amthatrealJuan]

Can it be compared to the 1964 Shiveluch eruption which also lasted for around an hour too? It reminds me of that, with the preceding volcanic landslide and pressurized magma which would otherwise have been released in a gradual, less explosive manner being released in a brief but unusually energetic burst for its magma volume at once, just being the difference is that there's no seawater involved.

[@stephenuhe9229]

Yes they may have let off nukes back then and practice time. Hmmm

[@siriusqueen3476]

Very well explained. Thank you for your time and effort. Hopefully all local people are safe and get access to clean water and much needed support.

[@mattving61]

So is there a chance that there could be an even larger eruption that is actually the lava causing it rather than the steam?

[@lisagvojich3139]

Good question

[@heyho4770]

That explanation sounds like the magma chamber did not really drain. Other scientists also already stated that looking at the history of this volcano this might be the first of multiple large eruptions.

[@supernintendo7579]

Great job on this info. Much appreciated.

[@jeankristoff5302]

Maybe because of the water it absorbed much of the sulfur dioxide gases so it's a bit lower than other VEI 5 or 6 eruptions.

[@theresaratelle7111]

I live in Japan on the Pacific coast, and we were on tsunami alert when this happened. I was so scared, but it was okay. The tide was higher, but the barriers kept our area safe. It wasn't big.

[@jmarth523]

Is it reasonable to assume that the same process is occuring now where sea what is making its way closer to the magma chamber, building up steam pressure and then having another full blown caldera forming eruption?

[@christopping5876]

As a geologist, these updates are excellent. Looking forward to the next one.

[@fightsportnews4329]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3ungph-qrCdr6M

[@TheJttv]

I think tsunamis are better described as a gaint slosh and than they are a gaint wave. Your shampoo bottle falls in on one side of the bathtub, you get water sloshing up the other side of the tub.

[@crowmigration8245]

This is what the news should be like. Just state facts. Well done.

[@TheGlobalTravelr]

Excellent report! Hopefully the 36 residents are safe. Otherwise we are entering Solar Minimum and past history will reflect more volcanic activity.

[@JudiChristopher]

EXCELLENT VIDEO... Thank You for sharing this video.

[@giuseppemaggio5894]

3:00 VEI 4-5?? Wasn't it declared a VEI 6?

[@jessikamiranda2306]

Who declared it a VEI 6?

[@catou060195]

When it comes to the VEI it is still uncertain but New Zealand scientists are stating that so far with the data they have, it would be a high 5 to low 6

[@Vesuviusisking]

@@catou060195 nah high 4 low 5

[@catou060195]

@@Vesuviusisking like I stated, this report was from NZ scientists not me saying it, they have the data none of us have

[@davidford3115]

@@Vesuviusisking Compare this to other VEI 4s and tell me it is the same. This far outclassed Mount Merapi (2010), Pelee (1902), Sakurajima (1914), Eyjafjallajökull (2010), Sarychev Peak (2009), and Taal (2010).

[@henrygrey346]

Most satisfactory explanation so far. Makes perfect sense.

[@vampireslayer1989]

Have you ever thrown cold water on to a red hot skillet? The water explodes, right? Same thing with some volcanic islands. The sea water hits the primary magma chamber and "BOOM!". Krakatoa and Tonga.

[@forthefunofit3230]

anyone "throwing" cold water on a hot skillet---STUPID!!!

[@oscarerikssonorstrom9599]

Dude, i will subscribe NOW. I learned tons from this.

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[@Jordy120]

Cheers mate! Love ya work.

[@saintpatron8177]

Thanks for keeping us up to date

[@kathleenwoodward3638]

Thanks for the educational update.

[@xxpark28xx5]

Really easy and quick follow along to learn about what happened and how, great video!

[@navy4735]

I love this channel it is so interesting.....😊

[@alexguir903]

I came across your channel about 3-4 months ago and just kept watching it ever since. Congratulations on your work on this channel. Your short format is great and when longer videos come around I also watch them.

[@bevinboulder5039]

Another great report!

[@andrewfrazier547]

Very informative, great video

[@Jerseygirl1622]

Love your update on this volcano 🌋

[@102wingnut]

Awesome explanation thank you! This answered a lot of questions I had.

[@sickofthissh]

Thank you for the definition of what occurred.

[@wendigareau7298]

Thanks for the explanation, you make it easier to understand what happened.

[@Hemp1972]

Thankyousomuch for the clear information. 🔆

[@ZachTheOne]

I love how most of your videos were getting a few thousand - 10,000 views. Then Tonga happens and everyone is interested in geology lol. Really happy to see your channel take off, you deserve it after all the research you put into your videos.

[@karentate9114]

Thank you for your coverage. We pray for those affected by this disaster.

[@moptisevare183]

Excellent video. Thank you!

[@buckeye256]

An excellent recapitulation, this is. Thank you for it.

[@kanehi]

Thank you for the information.

[@chrisantoniou4366]

Excellent analysis and explanation! Keep us informed. Subscribing... 👍

[@daveparrott9530]

Excellent video. Very educational thank you for your explanation.

[@phsal5182]

i like all your videos, but this one in particular is very informative. the animation at 01:16 helped me visualize the actual magnitude of the submerged volcano and its caldera. thank you!

[@David-bf6bz]

Earlier in the month a co worker was talking about how Tonga had adopted bitcoon as an official currency. I brought up Honga Tonga and how it went from two islands to one. Co workers were "why do you know that" I explained there is this geologic channel on KZbin that make concise videos and that there had been some activity there. This week one of the guys can on and said "dude you youtube guys island just blew up!" So we brought up the back episodes. Thank you for making me seem "geologically hip" around the office.

[@VeracityLH]

Thank you so much for your excellent coverage and easy to understand explanations. You've become my go-to guy for this field. Cheers.

[@epincion]

Excellent update thanks

[@DanishGSM]

Amazing info. Thanks so much for the video and info. I wish All the best.