I Never Understood How Max Planck Really Discovered Quantum Mechanics... Until Now!

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Head to squarespace.com/floatheadphysics to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code FLOATHEADPHYSICS

[@nasreenkausar3999]

wormhole vid .... plz i hav been askin for idk how long

[@VertauePhysik]

​@@nasreenkausar3999me too....

[@VertauePhysik]

... 😢😢😢😢😢😢

[@GeekBatman]

I think the plank length part might have been demonstrated better with the balls and the levels. By showing the balls as all the same size it would show that the minimum height each level could be was plank. I'm certainly no expert though so please correct me if I'm wrong.

[@ShahrukhMovies-c1h]

Please bring a video on intuition of work and energy.

[@name8567]

First I thought when I clicked the video that “ohh, ultraviolet catastrophe? What a boring topic” But you managed to suprise us again, thank you Mahesh❤

[@impressinggordon3759]

i liked but i dont think its a boring topic xd

[@Raderade1-pt3om]

How a catastrophe sounds boring to u

[@ablebaker8664]

Bohr ing FTFY 😂

[@Andrea-ru3hi]

I've been teaching physics for 20+ years and this is the first time that I have really understood this topic. Thank you

[@zachjett7326]

I just want to honestly and deeply thank you for making complex ideas understandable. Your passion is infectious and comes through. The best physics channel on KZbin hands down!

[@SailorMercury6449]

Mahesh, you rock. As someone who has a fascination with physics and math, but literally NO educational training on any of it, you make things so approachable.

[@randallmckinney5152]

Best explanation I’ve seen in my 72 yrs! Retired chemist, great content,Thanks 6ou

[@tokajileo5928]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qHTJgYSCi9-oqZY

[@danieljones3464]

I obtained a bs in chemistry and had several courses in physical chemistry. I just finally thirty-five years later received the piece of information that put all of that pain into perspective. I probably had a hangover from partying and deserve my ignorance but----- thank you for explaining all of S's, P's, D's, etc. now making real tangible sense.

[@douglasstrother6584]

Planck's approach was to analyze the entropy of blackbody radiation as a function of energy. To make both high-frequency and low-frequency data consistent with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, he included an additional "guess" term proportional to the frequency (hf); this results in Planck's Law. Planck's subsequent application of Boltzmann's Statistical Mechanics to justify his guess then led to his revolutionary conclusion that the material of the walls emit and absorb radiation in discrete quanta. A paper titled "Planck’s Route to the Black Body Radiation Formula and Quantization" by Michael Fowler (7/25/2008) gives a nice discussion. "Theoretical Concepts in Physics: An Alternative View of Theoretical Reasoning in Physics" (1984) by Malcolm S. Longair contains more details. I'm not familiar with the latest edition.

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

Michael Fowler is a legend!

[@PrincipiaScientifica]

@douglasstrother6584 I always wonder why KZbinrs tend to omit these important and crucial details when they refer to Planck's work. Your comment is entirely correct.

[@douglasstrother6584]

@@PrincipiaScientifica The full story illustrates Planck's physical insight and tenacity in approaching a problem; it's very inspiring.

[@eriknelson2559]

Renormalization in QFT seems similar to the UV catastrophe

[@douglasstrother6584]

@@eriknelson2559 Interesting! I hadn't thought of that before.

[@geoffm5513]

13:13 Energy levels between balls, "kind of like you're introducing planks in between"

[@Littleprinceleon]

Planck's planks 😊

[@astroyeaster9464]

​@@Littleprinceleonmore like Planck's shaft

[@tommyNix4098]

I've watched a lot of videos on the ultraviolet catastrophe, and I always came away feeling something was missing in my understanding. With this video, the light came on. Thank you! I now have a much better understanding of this all important discovery - the breakthrough that opened the door to quantum physics.

[@ShambhaviMishra-wl5gm]

You're going to be really popular among future kids! I guess this series is the best video explanation of black body radiation and quantization.

[@robert-wr9xt]

Because he has breasts?

[@dhiraj_shah]

Your videos are really intuitive. You should probably start a series in quantum physics next. Starting from inteference pattern, de broglie, schrodingers eq, dirac eq all the way to qft. It would be great to have a intuition for everything with a sprinkle of maths at high school level

[@Mahesh_Shenoy]

That's the plan! :)

[@shiekh366]

Sir why do electrons move faster when we increase voltage and if all the energy gained by the electron loses it all energy in the resistor so why does it come back it shouldn't because it doesn't have energy

[@Samu2010lolcats]

@@shiekh366 The energy is mostly in the electric and magnetic fields surrounding the electron.

[@shiekh366]

@@Samu2010lolcats that is about poyting vector but iam taking about book that teaches us

[@Akmpro155]

Waiting for it..❤​@@Mahesh_Shenoy

[@benoitrousseau4137]

Your channel is a gem. I just found it and I must have spent the last hour watching your videos. You explain really really well. Thank you sir.

[@mrseriousv1]

you, kurgesagt, and minuteearth have all uploaded all on roughly the same time. the stars have aligned, it is time for me to binge.

[@Narcissus833]

Snap! 😄

[@ZETAREK-66]

can u please explain why there are more ball in low energy analogous there are more waves in lower energy 12:28

[@mrseriousv1]

@@ZETAREK-66 first: it's just an analogy for waves. second: there are more waves in lower energy states because for example: it is more common to have infrared waves than x rays.

[@ZETAREK-66]

@@mrseriousv1 but why

[@mrseriousv1]

@@ZETAREK-66 it's easier for lower energy waves to form, also, there was an explanation in the video about why lower energy waves form.

[@HassaanFareed]

This can't be explained better. ❤ officially the best video on the topic.

[@tokajileo5928]

actually there is a more detailed explanation but it contains a lots of math. it is as professional as this but deeper in the math. Depends on which you prefer : kzbin.info/www/bejne/qHTJgYSCi9-oqZY

[@shreyassmadane6020]

I gonna love this wonderful series. We(nerds)are blessed with your content.

[@afshinmansoorieh824]

I am so impressed by how quickly you articulate so much information without video editing, all in the same breath. such passion, it's awesome. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.

[@sergiofalcao3691]

This is the 1st time I see how Plank achieved it step by step, most videos out there just jump to result and consequences, thanks a lot for fixing it.

[@AcuteChronic]

This is true. Many physics videos or books do a good job of explaining the conclusion, but not how it was arrived at. When they attempt to be historical, all they do is comment about where people were born, or what university they attended.

[@tonyy452]

Best content on KZbin. Thanks Mahesh.

[@areebamukhtiar6821]

The way he gets excited while delivering his information tells it all

[@isobarkley]

GOD this is fascinating. i had no idea about the ultraviolet catastrophe, despite being a meteorologist interested in most areas of physics and astronomy. i had no idea there was more intuition behind the planck curve, thank you!!

[@jml_53]

Great video. Love the intuition you offer. To add some historical perspective, Plank did not expect or like this result. He was a classical guy. His technique was a very traditional application of calculus. His intent was to treat the quanta as an intermediate step. He was trying to reduce the size of the quanta like you would with and infinitesimal in calculus. He expected to be able to make it go away in the final result. He was not happy that the only way things worked was to keep a finite, but very small h-bar in the equation and worked for quite a while to eliminate it. Keep the great videos coming, Thanks!

[@carlosgaspar8447]

he worked on it for 3 years, no?

[@ZETAREK-66]

can u please explain why there are more ball in low energy analogous there are more waves in lower energy 12:28

[@drdca8263]

Is this why he used the symbol h? Like, the same h as in the definition of the derivative? I suppose he probably didn’t comment on his choice of variable name…

[@carlosgaspar8447]

@@drdca8263 small d for derivative, no?

[@drdca8263]

@@carlosgaspar8447 Huh? I mean “Is Planck’s constant writing with an h for reasons related to the h in lim_{h\to 0} (f(x+h)-f(x))/h ?”.

[@wlbraun2024]

Following the track of doubts, thoughts and questions along the road of those developments really is enlightening - and you do it in a very fascinating way - thanks a lot!

[@Asaad-Hamad]

We can't thank you enough for putting it in very simple way, we should never get bored of hearing this story until we figure out the underlying physical meaning of this constant, because it might hold the key to crack down bigger code of the universe.

[@SSMLivingPictures]

The truly exciting, and impressive, thing to me is that Mahesh is learning this material himself and won't teach it unless he feels comfortable in doing so. He's keeping us basically up to speed with his own journey. Incredible

[@jamiemccaig2812]

Man. Just watched your first 3 videos. Honestly brilliant. I am a very casual physics enthusiast. I love the history of the subject but you have allowed me a glimpse at what these brilliant people were talking about. Much appreciated.🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

[@l.ameliorate5044]

Thank you so much! I'm in awe, this was such a clear, intuitive explanation. I'm a big fan of the shirts too :)

[@SALESENGLISH2020]

I like your way of making students think like scientists; this is what is missing in teaching science nowadays, especially in India. I ask simple questions to students and see how they think, and after a few minutes of discussions a few of them get to think in the direction the scientists or inventors did or do.

[@byronwatkins2565]

Planck did not pursue this in such detail. He merely noticed the functional difference between an integral of exp(-E/kT) and a sum of exp(-ne/kT). The integral produces the UV catastrophe; but, the geometric series sum produces a very nice fit to the data -- assuming we choose e=hf. Differentiating this partition function then gives the Planck distribution.

[@anupambiswas9362]

I have watched your all the 3 videos of Plancks explanation of black body radiation back to back..then watched your video of photo electric effect explained by the great Einstein again to get a whole intuitive idea of the emergence of Quantum Physics......just awesome explanation by you...thank you very much.❤

[@DrDeuteron]

total banger of an explanation. The only thing that will leave us scratching our heads it that mystery "2" in front of the BB equation, and this of course is because for every state you described, there are 2 polarization states in which to radiate.

[@SLopez981]

9:15 I love how you mentioned that honesty about your lab class experience. No you were not the only one .Who knew it was a valuable skill for 1900s cutting edge physics haha

[@stephenh.litman2684]

Yes, it does make sense (though I'll have to watch it a few more times just to cement things). Quantization related to frequency is a good start, thanks. I've been working on this for a while.

[@harshadevapriyankarabandar5456]

You are explaining complex topics very inituitively. that's your speciality. Keep it up. you deserve more. Thank you.

[@Shaurya_II]

Mahesh, this video is honestly so good and interesting. I've been looking for an intuitive understanding of plancks constant for ages now, and finally I've found it. can't wait for the next video ❤

[@diwasthulungrai2857]

Well that absolutely makes s lot of sense…I mean there are thousand videos explaining same stuffs on hows but you did it without including some mathematical formulas the whys and that made a lot more sense to me personally … keep up the good work … you are really a good teacher … thankyou … waiting for more 🤞

[@harrydavidson5548]

I'm quite in awe of Max Planks insights. Truly astounding😎

[@edus9636]

Max Plank is far greater than Einstein, yet intentionally "forgotten", I wonder why...

[@arthurw8054]

Thank you! As a mere amateur, I've been trying to get a more intuitive, natural understanding of the UV Catastrophe for some time, and these two presentations laid it out superbly. Bravo and well done.

[@sharmanraval7041]

Thank you so much for making the videos on the Ultraviolet catastrophe and the black body radiation. This really helped me

[@sarbajitdutta5193]

This is the best video on quantization ever made!

[@ZETAREK-66]

can u please explain why there are more ball in low energy analogous there are more waves in lower energy 12:28

[@Demnia]

Never seen such good intuitive explanations ! A huge thanks from France

[@matthewgrumbling4993]

This is a very intuitive explanation. I like it. Now I have to think about how it relates to the math that I once knew.

[@beeink5395]

Great to have you to make this video. Now h have meaning to me.

[@mrslave41]

mahesh this time you absolutely knocked it out of the park 🎉🎉🎉

[@shravyaboggarapu5877]

Mahesh, you really got me super curious about why Planck regretted quantization. I really hope we get a video about it 😢

[@ilanle]

good explanation. I need to listen to it a couple more times to let it sink in. Thanks

[@dominus_ignaviae]

IT ALL CLICKS SO WELL I LOVE THIS!!! BRAVO!

[@dleddy14]

I have been chomping at the bit for the release of this final video on the subject. Great job. I have been wanting to understand BBR for years and I think i finally do. Great job and TVM.

[@philoso377]

Nice video and presentation. It appears that we are legislating some mathematical law out of thin air to “black box modeling” a response we could not explain with classical physics.

[@maddy3829]

Awesome explanation bro.

[@pradarttana]

one of the best physics video i have seen so far in youtube. as in school i used always wonder how the hell they come of with the idea of quantization. Now this make sense.

[@magnus0017]

I went back to watch the previous two videos, and was totally worth it. Thank you again for such clever, clean explanations.

[@onedrop6931]

This seems like a good introduction to a subject with which I intend to become more familiar. Thank you very much for your invigorating, enthusiastic, and robustly informative instruction.

[@GabrielGatesGaudreau]

Such a good explanation, bravo! Loved the way you conceptualized very complex ideas and made sense of something seemingly nonsensical!

[@scottlapierre1773]

Thank you! I have been waiting for years for such an explanation. Well done. You are a gift.

[@nlee1943]

Very cool! I don't know if it was intended, but I like the pun of referring to the dividing lines as "planks," sounding very much like Max Planck. It's interesting how helpful math tricks in physics often have a connection to physical principles.

[@gabrieldiaz2869]

Extremely good explanation for the Temperature-Graph relation! Mind-blowingly good!

[@lenishpandey192]

Truly, this is now my fav youtube channel.

[@richardrigling4906]

Nicely done! Your enthusiasm is infectious too!

[@ZETAREK-66]

can u please explain why there are more ball in low energy analogous there are more waves in lower energy 12:28

[@Bitastro]

​@@ZETAREK-66 I think it's because low energy waves means the ball having low potential energy and that's what the relationship between low energy balls and low energy waves ...

[@alansanders4733]

I’m finally understanding this for the first time! Thank you! 👏👏👏

[@gtsiam]

I was eagerly waiting this video since the last, and you did not disappoint. This makes so much more sense than the explanations I'd been given about quantization before.

[@lucasfreire1090]

you deserve everything! thank you mahesh

[@Paul-fu5fi]

Wow wow wow. This was a really wonderful explanation. I’d watched videos on the black body radiation, the ultraviolet catastrophe and the history of the quanta before, but none properly elucidated the concepts behind those ideas… Until now. After binging through the series I’ve developed a seed of intuition, but it’ll require some re-watching, time and reflecting to properly understand I think. In any case, this was really wonderful. Thank you!

[@ZETAREK-66]

can u please explain why there are more ball in low energy analogous there are more waves in lower energy 12:28

[@WonderUniverse_]

Wow, this video is fantastic! Thank you very much, it is one of the best videos about this topic 👏 Please, could you make a video in which you talk about the interaction of light with matter? For example absorption, transmission, emission and scattering mechanisms of materials from a microscopic point of view? It would be an interesting way of explaining quantum effects from macroscopic everyday observations! It is only an idea, however thank you again, you are the best! 👋💪

[@niflheims]

As usual, AWESOME 😎 Love your t-shirts by the way. Always cool and related to the contents. Kudos

[@thomasgreene5750]

The fundamental problem with the classical explanation of thermal radiation is that it does not describe how radiation is created from the temperature of matter. It just says accelerating charges emit electromagnetic radiation, that radiation can produce standing waves in a black box, and there is no lower limit to the wavelength of the standing wave. Equipartition of energy arose from statistical mechanics, where matter is represented as free particles moving in space and vibrating molecules and where temperature is shown to be a measure of the average kinetic energy of those particles and molecules. The kinetic energy of the particles, which is almost continually exchanged through elastic collisions, and the kinetic energy of the constituent masses of vibrating molecules and the potential energy represented by the bonds between those constituent masses constitute the thermal energy in a large assembly of matter. Equipartition is a good approximation of the behavior of these free particles and classically vibrating molecules because of the near continual exchange of energy between them from random collisions. Electrons, however, are bound to atoms. As we now know, and as Planck and his colleagues didn’t know, in 1900, electrons bound into an atom only emit or absorb radiation when they jump from one quantum state to another. To emit or absorb radiation, the electrons must be knocked from one quantum state to another. Transitions between states is not random, and transitions involving large differences in energy (high-frequency, short-wavelength radiation) are much less likely to happen than are transitions involving small differences in energy (low-frequency, long-wavelength radiation). The energy difference between adjacent quantum states (the size of the quantum step) decreases as an electron moves away from the nucleus, meaning the frequencies of the emitted or absorbed radiation are low and their wavelengths are high when changing states. When an electron is in those far states, the energy difference between states becomes small relative to the kinetic energy of the atoms around it. Thus, they can be easily knocked out of a state, and they look very much as if they are unbound. Equipartition is a reasonably good approximation to the behavior of those electrons. As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules increases, and the closer to the nucleus an electron can be and still have the thermal energy dominate the difference in energy between adjacent quantum states, explaining the shifts of the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve with changing temperature. To emit or absorb high-frequency radiation, an electron must transition between a tightly bound quantum state near the nucleus and one a long way from the nucleus. This is hard to do and doesn’t happen very often, so there is very little radiation around having high frequencies and short wavelengths and equipartition is a very poor representation of the radiation at short wavelengths. Further, there is a maximum frequency of radiation (minimum wavelength) that can be emitted or absorbed: the frequency associated with the energy difference between the lowest energy quantum state nearest the nucleus and one at a very large distance from the nucleus, where the electron is almost free. Planck tumbled to one of the fundamental aspects of nature by finding a model that described thermal radiation, which has its roots in the fundamental, quantum nature of the atom. The meaning of Planck’s quantized energy only became apparent a few years later when Einstein explained the photoelectric effect and Bohr explained the structure of the nuclear atom in terms of the same fundamental unit of energy defined by Planck. All confirmed Planck’s quantum of energy concept because they were all describing different aspects of one natural phenomenon: the quantum atom.

[@albasitdanoon7611]

Thanks.

[@palwashakhan-e2h]

best explanation with best concept

[@zubairpatel8245]

Hi Mahesh, i enjoy watching many physics related channels but i don't think I've ever commented so this is a first for me. I'm super impressed with your simple intuitive explanations. And love the jokes on your t shirts. Keep up the good work mate

[@danshavit4510]

As someone that never studied physics it is a very strange feeling to understand every thing you said and at the same time not understanding anything. Still, that was very enjoyable. Thank you❤

[@BitwiseMobile]

tldr; They switched from analog to digital and then everything worked! ;)

[@Raderade1-pt3om]

Explain your analogy

[@drdca8263]

@@Raderade1-pt3omDigital values are discrete, while analog is continuous. I think that’s all there is to the analogy. I don’t think it is that great of a summary of what was done though, as the range of possible frequencies (or wavelengths) is still continuous?

[@christianduval8374]

You mean discrete.

[@vivekverma1832]

I am a software engineer and take deep interest in Physics and this comment makes all the sense in the world.😊

[@jamesjackson5955]

Top quality video. Great animations, exceptional explanation and love your enthusiasm

[@bobdobs23]

Well done, a very interesting way to think about things.

[@davidkent2804]

Best explanation of the quantized vs continuous aggregate I have heard, making the avalanche of counterintuitive concepts you learn along the way less daunting. I don't know why we simply accept not being able to visualize and just move on. I think that limits creative analysis and observation. I admire Planck more now.

[@julian403]

Thanks great video. The question I have is: Why the energy levels differences increase with the energy (temperature)?

[@nampaina]

you are surprisingly underrated. hats off brother.

[@physics_rev]

i was WAITIN FOR THIS (feels like since years) finally, i can brag / flex (😎) my intuitions on my friends

[@daveondra1542]

Wow. Love the explanation. Thanks so much for bringing clarity to this for me. I'm really enjoying your channel. :)

[@zachjett7326]

I can't express how important this channel is to me. Thank god for Mahesh

[@Vengemann]

You've described the concepts nicely .. Great video!

[@nigeljohnson9820]

It would be interesting to know the laboratory set-up that was used to measure and plot the spectacular energy density curve. Not the general principle, but the practice, such as how the detectors were calibrated.

[@rentlastname2824]

Great explanation thanks. A fascinating real-world application of this blackbody radiation curve is that the curve we measure for radiation from the Sun, perfectly matches the curve of a Liquid Metal (not a gas)!

[@ashutoshkumar7013]

Really you're gem in physics, can you make a video on dimensions and why time is fourth dimension.

[@andrewkelly8127]

Hey Mahesh, thanks for another very engaging and enlightening video! But historically, I think you might have the sequence of Planck’s discoveries slightly wrong here. Apparently Planck was very familiar with Wien’s law, which accurately described the black body radiation curve at the low wavelength / high frequency end (although with inadequate explanation as to why nature should be this way), as well as the conventional Rayleigh-Jeans formula, which works so well at the longer wavelengths. Planck’s initial discovery was a mathematical interpolation formula that married the two laws into a single equation, that worked very accurately for all frequencies and all temperatures. Only after satisfying himself that this was the correct formula, did he begin the difficult work of trying to understand physically how this formula comes about. Somewhere along the way, he came up with the insight that a quantum restriction on energy would explain the formula. After looking hard for any other alternatives without success, he was forced to conclude that this quantum restriction must be true, although he didn’t like the conclusion or dwell too much on what it might mean.

[@firstworldproblems7806]

Hi Mahesh. Can you do a video on what it means to have integer and non integer spins? What fermions and bosons are and why bosons can occupy the same energy state while fermions can't? Thank you for the great video on spin!

[@Grateful92]

Well, in short, your t-shirt isn't lying. Things really have changed, even water comes in bottles these days.

[@albertdowson5436]

I didn't find a single guy who explained the "meaning" of mathematics of blackbody radiation on all of u tube ,well done Mahesh

[@tadeuszbloki2971]

9:55 I'm not sure whether Max Planck knew about Squarespace 🤔

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

About 25:30 By explaining tge photoelectric effect, EINSTEIN accidentally explained why you can develop a photograph quite safely in red light, and why you get sunburnt by ultraviolet but not by visible or infrared light.

[@raghunandanbs2005]

I had procastinated for a month avoiding studying quantum mechanics, turns out it was a blessing if i had studied a month earlier i would have not found this video and would have ended up stuck in the same chapter for weeks

[@UtterlyMuseless]

Have you covered the Wien approximation in one of your videos before? I'd love to see an intuitive explanation of the difference between Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics and Bose-Einstein statistics!

[@ImmortalVacancy-l4j]

Soo good!

[@FranzBiscuit]

Nice explanation of a very obscure subject! Great video. :)

[@paulwood6729]

Your energy is infectious!

[@Spiegelradtransformation]

This is a very good teaching.

[@KarlLew]

Mahesh floors us yet again with great frequency and now with green planks. 🧸🎉

[@dagiz0232]

We missed you man!

[@theomommsen6875]

Great Video! Still did not get it 100% but so much better now.

[@dkrishna2868]

Hey i have a doubt u said that the energy of wave depends only on its amplitude but in 3d higher frequency wave have more dof therefore more energy whats the contradiction ???

[@suhasd-x5k]

great explanation sir

[@christianlibertarian5488]

I got really worried when Mahesh was excited, then started talking about Planck and his cup of coffee. I thought he was going to burst an aneurysm.