Immune response for AS Biology

[@mmcconnell2772]

Great question! The phagocytes that are in the blood (not just macrophages, there are several types including neutrophils) are involved in the non-specific immune response. The phagocytes are able to recognise other components on the pathogen's surface (such as glycoproteins), identifying them as non-self. They have special receptors (Toll-like receptors) that bind to these so that they can phagocytose them. Remember that macrophages are a form of phagocyte that only partially digest the pathogen so they can then present the cell surface antigens. This is part of the adaptive immune response as it is specifically targeted against the antigens and recruits lymphocytes. The non-specific or innate immune response is the first thing that happens when a foreign antigen enters and does not require antigen presentation for it to work. I hope that this explanation makes sense, glad you enjoyed the video!

[@TomDare]

Thank you Mrs McConnell!

[@chibsta6575]

Thank you for this video M McConnell. Deeply enjoyed it.

[@DiMyTzVeTaNoVa]

Hello! I was wondering if you could help me out with this question, basically what confuses me is that in the OCR textbook it says that for phagocytosis, the macrophage needs to bind to the constant region of an antibody, which is attached to an antigen. So how can there be antibodies when antigen presentation hasn't happened yet? Thank you for your help! Your videos are very helpful btw, good stuff.

[@ghullammurtazaibnwalid.the5705]

one question is autoimmune genetic diease

[@TomDare]

+ghullam mustafa not necessarily but there are normally genetic risk factors associated with how well the immune system controls rogue lymphocytes