Infiltrators of the Tyrant Dynasty: The Oligocene Harvest

[@alghoulaj7172]

I have no words to describe how amazed I am at the convergent evolution. From Camels that became Entelodonts-like, to Rhinos that became like horses, to Parrots and primates that fill the same niche than the apes, to Hellpigs the size of a huge elephant, to Tyrants that weights 20 tons.... All what I can describe this episode is... Perfection! Thank you for making our day.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you so much I'm glad you enjoyed!

[@alghoulaj7172]

@@TalesofKaimere You're very welcome and of course we'd enjoy it. It's literally a gold mine.

[@rylanbrewer3320]

What were the largest animals specific form the oligcones harvest brontheres and

[@stuchly1]

And to be fair I could totally see both of these things happen. Camels can be pretty aggressive, I've seen one get harassed by a donkey and then lift the donkey off the ground with its mouth, trash it about in the air and then tossing it down, so I could totally see them expand into omnivory/increased carnivory. They are one of the last remaining large Artiodactyls which hold onto their canines. And rhinos are sister to horses and early horses and rhinos both looked rather tapir-like at a glance, and I could totally see rhinos turn more cursorial over time, especially the earlier ones which didn't put all their evolution points into large size yet. 🤭 Both absolutely excellent ideas in my view!

[@Primordial_Soup]

A delicious and tantalizing taste of the future Eastern Continent focused episode! It’s one of the episodes I’m most excited for alongside finding out more about the “Permian Island”.

[@bluefyre7]

Short comment from me, but I absolutely love the idea of Entelodont riders that can communicate with their beasts to some extent- almost like a pet horse, wolfdog, and parrot rolled into one! Furthermore, it might just be me, but Greater Baboon Lemurs look like what Kaimeran Naturalists would dub werewolves (excluding ACTUAL werewolf skinchangers ofc)! Between the Leucrocota (Na’Hashet) and the Katoblepas, I love seeing Pliny’s strangest beasts come to life in a natural way! Always love seeing the more bizarre and exotic wildlife even among the bewilderment that is Kaimere, and I definitely hope to see more of those riders at some point!!! Keep up the wonderful content, and big thanks to the sponsors who keep helping Keenan make videos like this happen!

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you so much! Yeah Pliny had some wild critters and I’ve got a few more concepts I want to build into full creatures. Entelodont riders is something I’m VERY excited to unpack more in their episode!

[@rylanbrewer3320]

What Pliny elders creatures will they find next basilisks hydra sirens

[@liambrandley2716]

This has been one of my favorite episodes, giving some good insight into both the tyrant dynasty and the eastern continent! I would love to see more videos on when and where the harvests took place and what species came through at this time!

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you!!! More exploration on that sort of thing is definitely on the roster it was helpful to me to really break down who came through, what the context was, and how that setting influenced their eventual survival or extinction. Basic thoughts when I do all harvests but going deeper with this one inspired me to do that for others.

[@dudotolivier6363]

It's interesting to see that most of the Oligocene Legacy survived in great number mainly on the Eastern Continent, outside the Known World, and the more recent Cenozoic mammals and animals living mainly in the Northern, Western, Known World and kaishel regions !

[@datpolakmike]

Specialized sea parrots??? I've never wanted to be a pirate more badly in my life!

[@stanthestegosaurus1457]

"Greater Baboon Lemur" Thats a werewolf if I've ever seen one! But jokes aside this was one of my favorite episodes so far! I love the world building of Kaimere and will continue to do so

[@TalesofKaimere]

Haha yeah! Definitely has werewolf vibes especially with their troops and social hunting (although generalist omnivores they will hunt together)

[@dank_smirk2ndchannel200]

YEAH! OLIGOCENE! Probably one of my favourite periods in the Cenozoic, simply for how strange the fauna was (Chalicotheres, Entelodonts, Indricotheres, etc). Walking with Beasts was probably to blame for my love of the period. Lol.

[@CoralReaper707]

I Think this is probably the first speculative evolution project I have seen with Nimravids in it. Nimravids are very underrated

[@Andrey.Ivanov]

Awesome episode! The Oligocene is generally underrated so it nice to see some of these clades receiving proper attention and being incorporated into a project in a great way. You got very creative with some of the designs for this one. The cursed camel is definitely a top notch design. Also the fanart shown in this video was really great.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thanks so much! Yeah the fan art really blew me away they're all killing it. I'm proud of the cursed camel lol really wanted it to be as terrible as possible!

[@OviraptorFan]

@@TalesofKaimere honestly I mistook it for an entelodont when I first saw it! Was that a case of mimicry or just a coincidence?

[@dudotolivier6363]

The Bokodu was one of the candidates for the Apex Predator throne over the Northern, Western and Known World region, left behind by the Tyranosaurids. With the Tikakatik Abelisaurid, the Komu Ka Bawe Eudromeosaurid and the Uktan Megaraptorid. In final, that was the Megaraptorid that win this place, and the three others were religated to second place. All of them are alway alive but their population are now small and relictual since Megaraptors are almost everywhere and are too efficient competitors agaisnt these three candidates.

[@haydend.maniac227]

1:32 the more I see that theropod with antlers The more questions I have

[@mammadingo9165]

Sir you are superb Kaimere is fascinating alluring bold beautiful I'm in awe . Much respect to you Keenan sir . thankyou for bringing your world into view.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thanks so much!

[@OviraptorFan]

You know, the more I see all the varied species of Kaimere, alongside the ancestral species from times like the tyrant dynasty, the more I want to try to piece them all into family trees. I find it quite a joy to see stuff like the phylogeny of the entelodonts, megaraptorans, and cockatrices which in turn makes me want to see what the phylogeny of other clades looks! Here is a question: What is the eastern continent like in terms of general habitats? From the small glimpse provided by this video, it looks like it’s mostly semi-arid prairies with forests in certain spots. Is this what the continent is like as a whole? Also, are pantherdogs the only remaining borophagines in Kaimere, or are there other species that were simply not included?

[@TedShatner10]

It maybe resembles S. Sahara Africa and Australasia on its vast coastal Western regions, maybe hits a chain of interior seas, great lakes, deserts, and mountains, then hits a Eastern region more resembling Eurasia (with Siberian sized North E. arctic steppes and an impassable tropical to desert outcrop in the South that's a fusion of Saudi Arabia and India).

[@lochness5524]

Nice to see the giant Enteledonts are still alive on Kaimere, unfortunately the locals won’t have the same feeling as there running for their live’s

[@TalesofKaimere]

Yeah the peoples of the Eastern continent definitely have mixed feelings on the entelodonts lol

[@victorwilliams5508]

I may not be able to sponser a video, but I would like to see one on the Scansoriopterygidae. I believe these bat-winged dinosaurs could evolve into actual dragons on a planet like this.

[@TalesofKaimere]

They are super neat!

[@manateeoverlord7507]

I really like your videos and they have inspired me to give mammals a bigger role in my world. While mostly populated by dinosaur-like fauna it is nice to come up niches for mammals that can keep up even with my feathered beasts.

[@Huitizilopochtli]

Amazing episode Keenan, one of the best. I loved the space you gave to fan art this time. My only two complains is you teasing the previous dynasties once again, and the sentient troodontid from the tyrant dynasty.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you!! Someday I will expand on the previous dynasties. Each deserve their own episodes there’s just so much studying and art I need to set aside time for first!

[@Tyr666Thor]

Wow The Bokodu looks so cool.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you!!

[@conorgreen3502]

Great job on this episode! I’m excited to see videos about the other harvests, especially the South American (I believe Miocene) harvest. Sloths, seals, penguins, what’s not to love! I’m curious if any procyonids were picked up during that harvest, as they were apparently present in South America at the time. I could see them thriving in Kaimere, as long as nesting aggression doesn’t result in them getting bodied by the native dinosaurs. I’m very tempted to just bite the bullet and sponsor a video already, especially since your content is easily my favorite on KZbin at the moment. It would definitely be worth it.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you! That would be super exciting! The South American harvest was probably the most impactful to modern fauna. I have some tentative procyonid ideas down. Would compete with the smaller nontherians but a couple species are likely especially with invasive advantages. If you’re interested in a sponsorship send an email to [e-mail] and we can get started!

[@stefanmoorejr]

One of my favorite episodes and since I love the idea of the eastern continent so I incorporated into my own project I even have a small section dedicated to Kaimere!

[@lamnaa]

Love the glimpse at the Eastern Continent, especially those horse-rhinos.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thanks!!

[@dudotolivier6363]

Nothing to see with the subject of this video, but I find your pictures/screen title of all every of your videos are pretty well made ! Here, this Nimvarid only see by his shadow roaring with the setting sun in the background is simply memorable, visually stunning and masterful !

[@lucassmith992]

I absolutely adore ALL OF THIS!!! Oligocene animals are some of my favorite as I grew up watching documentaries about them, emtelodonts being my favorite. Unfortunately for me, I can’t really expand on entelodonts because they live on a different continent that the main continent where my players live don’t know about yet. (it’s half dnd half spec evo project) but I can’t wait to surprise them all lol. Anyways, once again I gotta say just how much I love your work and kaimere

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thanks so much man! Really appreciate it! Entelodonts are so rad I just had to explore them further and it just made sense to make hell pig riders 🤷🏼‍♂️

[@luxudus7602]

Amazing as always!! also thank you so much for featuring my fan art in your video!

[@TalesofKaimere]

Absolutely! I love how it came out! Very smooth and I admire the cloud work

[@miquelescribanoivars5049]

Was just watching your PP episode and this drops :D

[@TalesofKaimere]

Heck yeah!

[@dudotolivier6363]

Why are the two hippo like mammals at the right corner of the Renzhuyo fanart (with the Pugget at the left) at 3:29 minutes ? Are there Moeritherium reltives ?

[@christosgiannopoulos828]

Finally we get to see a little bit of the Eastern Continent

[@TalesofKaimere]

Although there’s a lot more to do before I’m ready for the full continent overview I’m planning on more reveals like this in the coming months!

[@christosgiannopoulos828]

@@TalesofKaimere I'll be looking forward to it

[@dudotolivier6363]

It's awesome and hugely cool that you put a Lengendary creature of our world culture into Kaimere Universe, in the form of the Katoplebas (write with a K, in our earth we wrote him with a C) ! It's fearsome creature from Ethopian lendendary tales mentionned by Pline/Pliny the Elder himself, during Antiquity/Greek ages, in his famous Natural History book, (VIII, 32) ! But it's also very ironic because I include this specie in the "Possible fantasy creatures, monsters and cryptids in Tales of Kaimere" list that wrote currently since many week I will send you in some time, to give you inspiration or help for speciale and fantasy fauna on Kaimere ! Here, in this very strict and respectful list who follow the rules and events of your Kaimere universe, I had thought of making it not a species of camel from the Oligocene but a specie of wildebeest from the Pliocene era, following at most closer the descriptions and most common representation of this beast. Here, the description I made : - Catoplebas (normal/natural creature. Primitive/animal intelligence. A specie of prehistoric wildebeest from the Rusingoryx genus and who descend from an undiscovered specie of this later who lived in Africa during the Messinian stage of the Pliocene era. From an arid grassland’s ancestor, this specie adapts to live in more hot but humid savannah area and can support long time of dry season. This specie lives in herd to 25 to almost 35 specimens and develop a certain aggressivity level to face against the many predators. Because of the shape of his head, explorers think that his head to too big to be supported by his neck, and see his gaze kill you, but it’s your extrapolations, since the beast you just considered that to see him directly in his eye during few seconds is a provocation challenge and charge the unfortunate). It's a little shame because I must litteraly to delete this creature from the list, but I like the current design of this creature ! She truly look like a entelodont !

[@christosgiannopoulos828]

Oh man I was waiting for this video. When I saw the notification I clicked immediately

[@TalesofKaimere]

Glad to hear it!

[@dudotolivier6363]

It's quite exciting that local people (Homo Altus) of the Eastern Continent manage to tame the Spotted Hyena-like Spotted Cursorial Entelodont (whose name we still don't have yet). This specie can be highly mistaken with the Na'Haset, the Striped Hyena-like Striped Entelodont (who look and live pretty well with the Common/Prairie Hyena) who lives in the Known World (and the only Entelodont specie to live currently in this region) because .... at the base that was the first Na'Haset base form ! This specie received a redesign and the old design keep for another different but close specie, but creating a big problems since many fanarts in many videos using the old Spotted form were made and named and showing this creature under the Na'Haset name and living on the Known World (one of these fanart show a "Na'Haset" laughting in front of a Kaimeran man at ground), and use by Keenan Taylors to illustrate his videos. But tthis Big "inconsistencie" in the Lore canon is easily resolved by the fact that in reality, how things really happened, these two entelodonts specie, the one Cursorial spotted specie and the one Striped real Na'Haset specie, go togethers as the same time in the Known World with the Cursorial spotted specie being mistaken by Kaimeran to be a form/variety and belonging to the same specie than the real Na'Haset due to their overall physical appearances, and by this popular idea also called under the name Na'Haset, before becoming extinct for somes reasons in a certain point in the past in the Known World and only surviving in the Eastern Continent. I really how the things are, because I made in the recent post who announce this current Oligocene video a question commentary about this particular subject/aspect of this universe to Keenan, and he respond me with a Appreciation mark, meaning he like my commentary and my argument/ideas on this subject without be or saying anything that can be in opposition with this solution against this inconsistencie. And with the nature of this respond, we can aknowledge that is a "Ok/Yes/I'm agree with you" from his part. Resolving this inconsistecies in the "Tales of Kaimere" lore universe. Which is great, let us be agree on that ! And I'm very also honored by this, hu hu hu...

[@ShoggothLord]

Damn, I'm not the only one that tackled spec evo for the Catoblepas. Since Clark Ashton Smith's "The Seven Geases" references 'alpine catoblepas' native to Mhu Thulan, I set to figuring out how I wanted to handle them a while ago. I went with an entelodont rather than a camel, but did keep the poison spitting and preference for the eyes as a target. A novel innovation on my part is that since the catoblepas is often described with a long neck which can barely lift the massive head, I used that as the basis for a predatory strategy. My idea was that the catoblepas can kink their neck in a way that looks broken, imitating the calls and motions of a badly wounded animal to try to lure opportunists just a bit too close for their own safety.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Sounds awesome! Yeah I used it in a D&D game a few years back and have wanted to implement them in Kaimere in some capacity ever since!

[@bengaltiger1667]

Hello Keenan, another wonderful video!!! Have you considered covering the following groups/genera: Helohyidae, Anthracotheriidae, Raoellidae, Siamotherium, Andrewsarchus. I'm excited to see what is next, keep up the good work.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you! Helohyids, anthracotheres, Andrewsarchus, and raoellids were all at the wrong time/place of harvests. Siamotherium is on my list for the first post-dynastic extinction harvest though!

[@bengaltiger1667]

@@TalesofKaimere What do you mean by the wrong time/place? They came to Kaimere later?

[@dudotolivier6363]

Outside the Eastern Continent, there no more generic looking Hyanodont or other Hyenodontid or Creondontid on Kaimere. Their Order is alway strongly present but there only very derived form, mainly currently all semi-aquatic animals who looks like Seals or Otters, like the Renzhuyo. All others terrestrials and more familar looking Creodontid were outcompeted by Dinosaurs when these later came back again with power everywhere after the Tyrant Dysnaty extinction. After this specific extinction, the Creodonts (and the Entelodonts, but more to and in the Eastern Continent side of the planet) become the Apex predators of Kaimere and especially in the Known Wolrd region, but this was temporary, and when the dinos came back with high power and especially the Megaraptorans at their head, only the derived semi-aquatic form survived because not sharing same ecological niches. The Enteldont, them, keep in a certain degree their place and position of Apex predators in their own range, and most see all of their representatives alway looking very similar in physical appearances to their ancestors !

[@GhazMazMSM]

I think I've figured out what's in the silent forest. You've previously mentioned the First children creating Homunculi in your other videos. So what if they created one that was so aggressive that it would attack anything it heard. It may very well have been responsible for the disappearance of the First Children.

[@OviraptorFan]

I think it’s something far more ancient, because the shilloettes of it resemble a certain critter from one of the previous dynasties

[@shingtiong9425]

@@OviraptorFan he stated it's a descendant of the small arboreal amphibian from the first dynasty.

[@bonemarrow3439]

This is gold

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you!!

[@sivanlevi3867]

I know many clades of the Oligocene thanks BBC's Walking with Beasts and even more through research. Chalicotheres were one of them and you include at least one species in the Known World. You also feature a drawing of Brontotheres, a relative of horses and rhinos, but twice as big as any modern rhino. Other iconic clades that I know of evolving in that time period include Indricotheres, Bear Dogs, Notungulates from South America, Peccaries, Proceratids, Camels, New World Monkeys, Caviomorph Rodents, Terror Birds, new varieties of Horses, Raccoons, the first Bears, early Dogs, Baleen Whales, Pinnipeds, Metatheres, Pyrotheres, Astrapotheres, the first Cats, Deer, Giraffes, Requiem Sharks and Desmostylians. Quite a variety of life, eh?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Yup!

[@shingtiong9425]

Speaking of the tyrant dynasty.Will you ever do a video on the last remaining tyrants and hadrosaurs since you already did it for the ceratopsins.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Ceratopsians are doing a lot better than the other two but a relics video of the other two is on the roster!

[@coreys.2456]

Hi, Keenan. I absolutely love your work. It’s clear you’ve been doing a LOT of research regarding what fauna would be most successful in your fictional world. That’s quite rare to find in more renowned media so I’m glad I found your channel. I’m a fan of nearly all life from prehistory to the modern day and I also have more knowledge on those topics than the average person, but I’m no scientist. Since I’ve been trying create a fictional world like yours for years to no avail (primarily because of it going through countless rewrites), I figured you could answer some interesting questions that can help me in my research and development of Cynirvana. 1. Of all the dinosaurs known to paleontology, which ones are currently confirmed to be omnivorous? I know there are the Oviraptorids and Ornithomimosaurs, but are there any others? 2. Could animals larger than the big pterosaurs like Quetzalcoatlus take to the skies or glide if gravity was decreased by about 25%? If so what would the largest one be? If not, then what might need to change? 3. Are there any other extinct theropods aside from the Megaraptorans and Dromaeosaurids that used their arm claws for killing/grappling? If so what were they, what was the range of motion for their limbs like, and how muscular could they have been? I’m asking because I’m heavily inspired by the way you depict the Megaraptorans in this new world. I’ve always known they existed but not much information is available about them so I kinda just pushed them aside. Now I feel like an idiot for missing out on their potential capabilities lol. 4. Could the Protoceratosaurids/ earliest Tyrannosauriods/Tyrannosaurids potentially evolve to be somewhat convergent with Megaraptorans (increasing range of motion in the arms and being better at grappling their prey)? If so, what conditions with spark that kind of change? 5. Of all the dinosaurs we know of, which do you think would be the most adaptable to practically any environment? In other words, which ones were the most generalistic? I apologize for the long list of questions and for some of them sounding repetitive. I’m really passionate about this stuff and answers to things like this are something I’ve been dying to know about ever since I knew about Spec Evo.

[@ryanchen1819]

For #3, I think there were the spinosaurs? Also, there was a study in 2016 which showed that the marsupial lion could've used its teeth to bite onto its prey while using its thumb claws to stab the throat. As for grappling, I believe that would go to the allosauroids and longer-armed tyrannosauroids in which they would grip onto prey while killing with their jaws.

[@coreys.2456]

@@ryanchen1819 Yeah, I'm pretty well aquatinted with the fact that allosauroids and some early tyrannosauroids had longer arms. The best example of that is my all-time favorite theropod and...well...dinosaur in general (at least until my new love for megaraptorans potentially outweighs it), Yutyrannus. If I remember correctly, it's the largest theropod (and animal) on the planet that is 100% confirmed to be covered in feathers, which is why many paleo artists are kind of keen on making dinosaurs feel like big birds or even mammals to a degree. When it comes to the potential capabilities of the feathered tyrant's forelimbs, I haven't heard or seen much about that from scientific articles, videos, or documentaries. I've just gone off what I do know which is they were considerably longer and (possibly) more muscular. Hence, they would probably have used them more than their successors (especially for hunting), but I don't know how much more. Their teeth and jaws were probably still the best weapons for the job which is why Qianzhousaurus, Daspletosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus came to be, forsaking their forearms in turn for a bite greater than that of most animals on the planet. As for Spinosaurus itself, I don't know if the arms would have been used for killing or even defending itself. There isn't a lot of information on how they would have used them. This is probably because of how frequently the perception of the animal has changed as a result of new discoveries. We went from visualizing the Spino as a weak-jawed grizzly bear, using its arms for ripping up fish/dinosaurs/pterosaurs and defending itself from predators like Carcharodontosaurus in 2011 to seeing it as more of a sail-backed gharial that was very low to the ground and couldn't really contend with anything unless it was much smaller in recent years. However, I can definitely see the its earlier relatives like Suchomimus and Baryonyx using their claws for hunting or defending. Hell, I wouldn't be too surprised if they could be used for both. Also, just to be clear, I'm well aware that spinosaurids were primarily piscivorous and (if the information from 2011's Planet Dinosaur is anything to go by) that only in extreme situations would they ever seek out terrestrial prey items. I was just laying down my thoughts on your various suggestions. I haven't heard about the marsupial lion study. I've always liked the concept of a pouched mammalian carnivore like Thylacoleo ever since I was first introduced to it in Monsters Resurrected (yes I know its a shitty documentary, don't worry XD). They were kind of like leopards from what I recall, hiding in the trees until something got within striking distance and pouncing on it. Additionally, their arms were quite flexible. They could bite onto prey and then perform a sort of bear hug, inflicting deep punctures like how megaraptorans were said to do. If I'm wrong about any of this, feel free to correct me. Sorry again if this was long. I tend to try making it absolutely clear what I think about certain things, that way there's no misconceptions. Thank you very much, Chen, for the reply. Definitely helped out, a lot. Hope you have a wonderful *insert time of day here* :D

[@CoralReaper707]

Ngl, Adapiform primates are in dire need of some broader recognition.

[@NobodieZ26]

Excellent and so fascinating.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you!

[@NobodieZ26]

@@TalesofKaimere You're welcome.

[@one-clawedtheropod1567]

Could you make an episode about the Titanosaurs of Kaimere?

[@TalesofKaimere]

I may have a sponsor for one!

[@OviraptorFan]

@@TalesofKaimere that actually did make me think, what *kind* of Titanosaurs did the species in Kaimere descend from? Are they some kind of saltasaur?

[@BigBossMan538]

While I love the megafauna episodes, I think it’d be good for a change to mix in profiles on smaller animals. Especially invertebrates, amphibians, and small reptiles to name a few. They’re also key pieces of ecosystems. Will we get any flora episodes?

[@TalesofKaimere]

I may be in talks for a flora sponsorship. Biggest hurdle is my portfolio and baseline knowledge of dinosaurs and large mammals is pretty robust so studying and art don’t take as long. There are hopefully going to be future episodes on flora and small fauna but it’s going to take many days for all the studying and art so not something I can do as regularly as megafaunal focused episodes.

[@rylanbrewer3320]

What were the large rhino things in the vidoe with thattyrannosaur

[@BigBossMan538]

@@rylanbrewer3320 they looked like brontotheres but I could be mistaken

[@1998topornik]

Great video! I wonder how big you will portrait mentioned eastern relative of crocodile seal.

[@PaleoAnalysis]

Fact: Only true fans stay to jam out to the music at the end! 🎶😎🎶

[@TalesofKaimere]

Epidemic Sounds has some serious bops 🤟🏼

[@miguellilly8859]

The na'hashet and the renzhuyo are my favorite

[@ryanchen1819]

This video was interesting to me as I'm curious to learn more what the Tyrant Dynasty was like. The next 16 million years of the dynasty is exactly what I would've imagined if say, White River and Paratethys/Tethys fauna were to be introduced to Dinosaur Provincial Park or Hell Creek.

[@tyrannotherium7873]

That 10ton entelodont it’s about the size of the earth Tyrannosaurus rex Which also weighs 10 times as well

[@TalesofKaimere]

Yup! Was basically 'what if an entelodont tried really hard to take over for a tyrannosaur'

[@tyrannotherium7873]

@@TalesofKaimere Indeed

[@Ditidos]

Interesting array of critters. It is very interesting that entelodonts were domesticated before dogs. The rhinos going horse is weird yet makes so much sense too, I also love the boku albeit I wonder how big it is in terms of mass and how does it compare against both dinosaurian theropods and other mammals in term of size. Is this enormous species only possible due to the humongous dinosaurs or something else? The wide array of parrots is also very interesting, I love how they adapt their beak yet they still look parrot-like. Also, how exactly do animals move between the Known World and the eastern continent? I assumed they conected north of the Known World but you mentioned a big desert at the ecuator serving as a barrier for most creatures. Was the eastern continent a part of the Known World back then or much closer than today?

[@dirandrous7682]

3:25 Sorry what. 20 TON TYRANTS ONCE LIVED ON KAIMERE?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Yeah I decided to just sprinkle that in and leave without any explanation or justification and it got about the reaction I hoped for because I’m a monster

[@dirandrous7682]

@@TalesofKaimere YOU BETTER EXPLAIN THIS SOON IN THE FUTURE.

[@ALLHEART_]

Adapiforms are pretty sick

[@TalesofKaimere]

Heck yeah!

[@ianswinford5570]

I can’t wait to see more of the amazing diversity of life on this planet you’ve created. I can’t wait to see how bats have taken to this dangerous, yet fascinating world.

[@Sabatuar]

Yes, I'll take two dozen flightless arboreal parrots? In all seriousness though, it's an adorable design. EDIT: Oh damn, that's a big bird.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Haha yeah they went nuts after the dynastic extinction

[@conorgreen3502]

Upon rewatching this episode, something struck me. One of the most common fossils found in North America during the Oligocene are oreodonts and I wouldn’t be surprised if they were harvested during this time. Is there any chance that they were harvested, and if so are there any extant members in the know world, or were they unable to compete?

[@TalesofKaimere]

They are possibly still around, but it was the smaller generalists who survived in the tyrant dynasty so naturally none of the large specialized oreodonts made it.

[@dudotolivier6363]

The Entelodontrid are truly fearsome and fascinating at the same time creatures ! Despite not being at all related to wild boars and others pigs species, their similar physical characteristics resulting of a convergent evolution, the entelodonts, aslo called "Hell Pigs" or "Terminator Pigs", and like on earth, have known a high successful and prosperous glory time and evolution in Kaimere in term of diversity number, worldspread and significant impact in Kaimere's history ! A success and order who continue even today to impose their rules on lands, like their hippos cousin know make their own in swamp areas of Kaimere. Highly aggressive carnivorous and opportunistic predators, even between them, active hunters and resilient, fast, and tough fighters, this family of hoofed, hateful, ruthless, vicious and harsh animals had no real difficulty surviving and establishing themselves on this very competitive planet that is Kaimere, even if this later is dominating and surrounded mainly by dinosaurs and others ancient ferocious beasts from another time, becoming even in many areas the mains apex predators and to overplant and overcompete easily with the warm blooded meat eater archosaurs reptiles. Since their introduction on Kaimere, some of them become more social and intelligent, others bigger than in their evolution on earth, but in any case have keep overall their natural instinctive fighter and violent nature to face their opponents. A truly insensible, bloodthirsty group composed by real monstrous beast who alway solve their problems in blood and violence...

[@barger5329]

God would love to see one of the giant eneteledonts throw hands with the bosuga

[@brastionskywarrior6951]

I want to know more about the placoderm derrived creatures (I think they may be related to the quiet danger in the polar rainforest, its a hunch) All your creatures are so cool

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you! Although placoderms currently have no descendants there is a hard-headed group of lobe finned fishes similar to them in appearance. They and a clade of basal tetrapods (that are the ancestors of the Bringers of Silence) both became terrestrial independent of tetrapods on Earth.

[@DrKarmo]

I like your take in the bone crushing dogs, they probably looked more like dingos in their time but the african wild dog look makes them stand out! Do you intent to make a vídeo on the bathornithids and teratorns someday?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thank you! I am planning on either an episode on flightless birds or on large birds, so both will be featured in some capacity. If I do a terror bird episode (which is likely) I will talk about the bathornithid especially since Kaimeran naturalists lump it with terror birds

[@DrKarmo]

@@TalesofKaimere that's nice to hear! You almost never hear about bathornithids from paleoartists and teratorns were tainted by the notion that they were giant vultures despite being ground hunters like caracaras, i'm looking foward to any of the videos you decide to make!

[@xuanluu4873]

Did some Nimravids adapt to open forests like how Leopards are doing successfully in the Titan Forests?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Yes. They’re out there just generally most successful in closed forests

[@loisonnut]

(Note: OG comment was made when the episode came out but reposting and deleting the og to make sure you see) Never fail to be astounded by the absolute size of the big lad. Not even the Uktan wants to mess with that too much. As usual, questions: 1. I know he targets armored prey, but what species in particular does the Bokodu like to eat and how does he interact with other predators? 1.5: How does the thing fare against the Komu Ka Bawa and the Tikatatik if they ever get into conflict? 2. How big is the giant Renzuyho? 3. Question from the last video that was in the replies and I think you missed: Do Kaimerans ever get caught up in a dromie raid and how do they deal with it?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Great questions! 1: Bokodu really shines as a scavenger driving smaller carnivores from their kills. I haven’t yet sorted out the full cast of the Eastern continent so can’t give this a comprehensive answer but as it currently stands they hunt a range of ungulates, dinosaurs, and multituberculates. 1.5: they generally don’t share habitat with the tikakatik, which is a wetland specialist. Females often establish territory in the open forests so do compete with the titan specialized giant cockatrice. Female and young bokodu are sometimes prey of the larger theropod. Male bokodu are nomads of both prairie and open forest and being in the same size class as the komu they are pretty evenly matched. Fights are rare and I’m not sure who would have the upper hand since their armaments are comparable (both have a devastating bite but are limited in other weaponry) so really comes down to the power of the bokodu vs the higher agility of the komu. 2. Giant renzhuyo is around 2 tons (gracile one in the known world is 1000 lbs-1 ton in largest specimens) 3. Cockatrices are one of the biggest driving forces in settlement. Those out in the open are very hard to endure. Armies on the march will often draw in many packs that harass the flanks and stuff like that. The Republic and Empire have had fairly successful culling efforts at a great deal of expense and Pakardia is too cold for them, which is part of why these three regions have established their respective dominance. The titan gardens don’t have much in the way of organized governance in part because of cockatrices.

[@alejandroelluxray5298]

I Wonder What other strange creatures inhabit the eastern continent, Are there other survivors of the Dynastic extinction yet surviving in there, or some New bizarre Beasts awai Us?

[@teslax2377]

Any about merdiungulates on Kaimere or other continent? The robust camel made me remember Toxodon.

[@dudotolivier6363]

Why T-rex species develop large horns on their heads ?

[@FatFish7600]

Is there are any Pachycephalosaurid,Troodonts, and Nodosaurs on the Eastern continent?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Definitely the first two. Not sure about Nodosaurs

[@dudotolivier6363]

Was there other (smallest) harvest before the Oligocene period and after the 31 million years ago Harvest more precesely, during the Paleogene period (with Paleocene, Eocene) and are there on Kaimere by this fact and logic surviving creatures from theses specific Cenozoic times periods ? Like little Three hoof horses (Eohippus, Propaleotherium etc...), Gastornis, Uintatherium, Brontotherium/Dinocerata, Basilosaurus, Dorudon, Ambulocetus, Pakicetus, Leptictidium, Pristichampchus, Boverisuchus's descendants ? Because it's alway possible that some groups or representatives of each of these orders and species manage to surived a little more in the Oligocene era and be brought on Kaimere, and to survived into modern days !

[@dudotolivier6363]

Random Question : In your pigs videos and from some of your twitter posts, you mention that Greek people, humans slaves and others earth ethnics, or descendants of these latter, are or were on Kaimere during the Mercantile Era and today (and supposed to brought with them a Big plague that make an end to this era). Were they normal humans that were take and introduce in Kaimere from the Antiquity era of our planet history ? How Greek and Aztec etnies arrived in Kaimere ?

[@cerberaodollam]

It kinda blows my mind that the only thing that can nerf dinosaurs is a planetary scale disaster. They were basically the peak of Earth life, we're just shrews with overgrown egos lol.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Haha ain’t that the truth

[@monsterman2.0yt6]

Are there any terrestrial Hyenadonts in the Eastern Continent or are they extinct there too?

[@dudotolivier6363]

Random Question : With the Milaq, the Zhen Kun, the Khalori merfolks, are there on Kaimere like others sea/ocean Homunculi the Mermaids creatures from your “Mermay Event” of 2018 with the “Sperm/Cachalot whale mermaid”, the “Bottlenose dolphin mermaid”, the “Horn shark mermaid”, the “Blowfish mermaid” and the “Dumbo octopus baby mermaid” (who can being very good addition with the 3 first well established ones!). They can perfectly be added on Kaimere, It's just that they must be very rarely encountered by kaimeran.

[@ryanchen1819]

Some more questions: 1. I realized that 2 species of otodus could've been bought through; o. auriculatus and o. angustidens. And chalicotheres such as schizotherium which were present in the place and time of the Oligocene harvest. Were any of these animals brought to Kaimere and if so, how did they do in the Tyrant Dynasty? 2. You said in your megaraptoran videos that there were carcharodontosaurs and spinosaurs during the Tyrant Dynasty. As well as large ornithischians. In this video, there were tyrannosaurs that reached 20 tons. Were there any carcharodontosaurs, spinosaurs, and ornithischians that also reached 20 tons?

[@TalesofKaimere]

1. Both are on the maybe list but I wasn’t able to take the time to work either in time for the episode and instead focused on that which my sponsor wanted to see. 2. Carcharodontosaurus remained in the 6-8 ton range. Tyrants could hit that size because of derives traits in the hips and ankles that made them more efficient in weight bearing which in one genus of tyrants made them ungodly massive (the 20 ton tyrants weren’t present for the whole dynasty but did do well for a long time). Spinosaurs are a possibility for nearing that size class if they go the way of the kurajaku and males never go on land

[@ginam5497]

man i am so happy the giant entelodonts did not fully die out

[@TalesofKaimere]

Absolutely! They’re still found in Kairul

[@Yeitsjames]

So tyrants? Why the head ornamentation?

[@dudotolivier6363]

Random question : In a previous commentary, where you respond me about why and by who the binominal names in latin language of the creature was made, you said that it’s the members of the Assembly who are in Karabharar portal city. BUT these people are people from earth who go to Kaimere (in this case, they know they are not really themselves but "clones/dopplegangers" or not ? In this last case, it's should be fun to see their bewildered head if they learn this fact 🤭) or local Kaimeran/Free State people who made contact and joined the Assembly ? And how they manage to communicate through the portal?

[@Huitizilopochtli]

I have asked Keenan on whetever the people know they are clones before, and he told me they are not.

[@dudotolivier6363]

@@Huitizilopochtli So they truly are people of the Assembly that go Kaimere but aren't conscious to be clones. Okay, this point aspect is clear at least !

[@timothystuedemann5390]

Is it ok if you provide some of your references ( especially the ones involving therapod stamina)? I was looking up endothermy(they did talk about it in some Kaimere episode) and I found out dinosaurs were in the middle of ectotherms and endotherms for metabolism. I also learned that having a high metabolism other than being able to live in colder climates is better stamina or muscle recovery.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Quick answer is the air sac system gives them much more efficient respiration. Our muscles may have superior recovery but they are better at fueling their muscles with oxygen. A more comprehensive answer is more than I can do in a KZbin comment, but I will add it to my queue since I think that would be a great episode topic!

[@timothystuedemann5390]

@@TalesofKaimere also as a side thing dealing metabolisms of large animals in how large animals like Paraceratherium (which lived in arid deserts) wouldn't overheat due to its metabolism. It doesn't even have big ears to cool it down and yet it lived in arid deserts. I will see if I can do some research on which animals grew to their maximum size the fastest ( Since dinosaurs are mesotherms would birds and mammal grow faster) along with do heavy bones make it stronger compared to lighter bones.

[@timothystuedemann5390]

Ok the dinosaurs are scary. They grow quickly and move faster than ectotherms but don't require as much energy intake as endotherms of similar size. Also they have stronger bones to weight ratio (can they still survive injuries that mammals can't?). Why do we want to bring them back?

[@dudotolivier6363]

Random question : In the Highland of Arvel, what small preys animals there are outside the Boar or the Takin ? Because for now, we know only bigs herbivores like the highland mammoth, the (wild form) Auroch, the future prehistoric rhino and maybe a possible prehistoric bison you haven"t decide or finalize yet, for the many locals predators ! Like cold small open spaces preys that lived during the prehistoric eurasia at the same time with the ancestors of these animals there a bucn of antilope/gazelle that can fitt this niche, like : - the Procapra Asiatic Gazelle genus (P. gutturosa, P. picticaudata and P. przewalskii), - the Saiga tatarica (Saiga) - or the Pantholops hodgsonii (Tibetan antelope/Tchirou). You can keep in mind these candidates for the "maybe list", it's always taken if you want !

[@shingtiong9425]

He stated there are horses in the Highlands as he said hyenas prefer horses so there's that.

[@dudotolivier6363]

@@shingtiong9425 Okay, but horses are very adaptable and generalist animals, here I speak about fast small to medium cold open species specializes that live during the lastest Ice Age, because there not many species to fitt this precise niche to this day.

[@shingtiong9425]

@@dudotolivier6363 oh ok

[@dudotolivier6363]

@@shingtiong9425 Here, I just want to say that horse are really widespread and very common creatures, we can find them everywhere. But the Highlands of Arvel is a refuge for Ice Age creatures, and during Ice Age era, there was a lot of cold open spaces specialist species, less known by the public, with some of them being even alway alive today !

[@shingtiong9425]

@@dudotolivier6363 you meant the musk ox?

[@Rodan727]

The Tyrant dynasty sounds dangerous

[@TalesofKaimere]

Heck yeah

[@BigBossMan538]

@14:12 What a good not piggy

[@vasantmasurekar4826]

Damn Katoblepas is terrifying.. The horse rhino and Hyenodonts are awesome. Quick question did the Hyenadont camel borrow the Hyenadont looks due to convergent evolution?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Yup! A classic case of convergent evolution

[@vasantmasurekar4826]

@@TalesofKaimereThanks Keenan. Maybe someday you could do an video dedicated entirely to these rhinos and camels. Would love to see that.

[@Lurtz848]

therefore in the current kaimere there are no longer Brontotherium?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Indeed, they are extinct

[@seanessdragon4142]

Ooooo Awesome

[@timothystuedemann5390]

I read an article that said that Paraceratherium was actually closer related to horses than rhinos. This might be false but I was wondering what this would loook like since Paraceratherium is still missing vertibrae and ribs. Can Someone draw Paraceratherium as a relative of the three toed horse and how much would it cost for Keenan to draw this animal this way just as an idea?

[@lochness5524]

Don’t know where you heard that from, but it’s false. Rhinos are still considered more closely related to Paraceratheres then Horses. However, Horses are in the same order of mammals as Rhinos and their extinct relatives

[@liambrandley2716]

Do you have plans for videos on titanosaurs, pterosaurs, or elasmosaurs?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Elasmosaurs have most of a script done I just need to find 10-15 hours to do the rest of the artwork I have lined up for that 💀

[@TalesofKaimere]

Pterosaurs and titanosaurs are in a similar boat: I know what I want to say about them but I just need the time

[@SashedPotato]

I may not know carboniferous or earlier animals enough but in the first dynasty I swear there's a bat on the left

[@seanessdragon4142]

Ok I have made new Oligocene animals for the biodome

[@Minish4rk360]

I find it interesting that hyaenodonts had to compete with non therians, because on earth therian mammals were able to outcompete most of them. Is it because the ones here are more specialized?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Partially because they were better adapted for Kaimere, but also recent studies strongly suggest it was nontherians that kept therian mammals small and generalist during the mesozoic and it was only after their reduction that our ancestors really took off in diversity. Basically the notion that therian mammals outcompeted nontherians has fallen out of favor since basically we didn't become dominant until they took a serious hit in the KT extinction. If they hadn't been so heavily hit by the Cretaceous extinction therian mammals might have never gotten a chance. Hyaenodonts coming to Kaimere already large definitely helped, but they only had short term success as large terrestrial predators.

[@Minish4rk360]

@@TalesofKaimere oh, cool

[@stephenlamb6005]

Ah yes the enteldonts, a group of animals so darn ugly that the dinosaurs refused to eat them. Allowing them to become the largest mammal predators in the known world. With the body of a pig the jaws of a crocodile and the psychotic temper of a hippo. Truly a creature from hell like their name would suddenly

[@theluftwaffle1]

You spoke of the indigenous peoples of the eastern continent. Are they also an offshoot of Homo sapiens or homo erectus? They’d need quite the sailing ability to cross the hundreds of kilometres from the northern continent to the eastern. I’d like to see another video about the human species of kaimere, seems like a lot of radiation compared to earth.

[@TalesofKaimere]

I definitely have a human species video in the works! The indigenous peoples of the eastern continent are descendants of H. erectus

[@Bullmooseroughrider]

Bokodu and ru’Kel are peak.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Hell yeah they are

[@ryanchen1819]

In your post, you said in the comments section that the non-therians were able to reach 200- 400 lbs. How were the non-therian mammals able to reach such sizes during the Tyrant Dynasty considering that at no point during the age of dinosaurs did they get past wolverine-sizes?

[@TalesofKaimere]

It was mostly multituberculates and they reached that size only in a single clade that got super efficient at eating tougher grasses that dinosaurs didn’t specialize in.

[@liambrandley2716]

Here's another question: What creatures in the known world can also be found or have close relatives in the eastern continent?

[@TalesofKaimere]

That would be an excellent episode on its own! Will probably have a segment on that in the Eastern continent overview

[@liambrandley2716]

Aside from brontotheres, what other creatures from the oligocene harvest saw short term success in the tyrant dynasty?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Large Oreodonts and Desmostylians both had some initial success but after about a million years entelodonts and hyaenodonts were pretty much the only mammals over a hundred pounds or so

[@OviraptorFan]

@@TalesofKaimere hm, did any species of Brontotheres shrink in size to adapt in a more predator-infested world? Or were they simply unable to adapt quickly enough?

[@TalesofKaimere]

@@OviraptorFan By the time they came through they were at the end of their time on Earth and were all large and heavily specialized (cited as the most likely cause of their extinction). Any that began to get smaller would have been outcompeted by the camels, oreodonts, and rhinos already better suited to that angle.

[@dudotolivier6363]

@@TalesofKaimere Desmotylian have currently a great and reasonable diversity on kaimere, with many species living in the oceans and even one freshwater specie. Current Oreodontid must look like very similar to their ancestors, must not have changed much in terms of size, appearance and ecology since their introduction on Kaimere.

[@TheGBZard]

Was Paraceratherium part of the harvest?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Nope. It extended to Europe, not over to Asia

[@TheGBZard]

Darn it, oh well it probably wouldn’t have lasted long anyway lol. So if the giant rhino wasn’t in the harvest what megafauna were?

[@Huitizilopochtli]

Also I said this on instagram, but BASED parrots man.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Thanks!!! Parrots are rad and deserved a good spotlight!

[@timothystuedemann5390]

There is one animal you missed which might have quickly surged to take the role from titanosaurs for a while. Paraceratherium by the time of its arrival would have been too large to attack and the megaraptorans were not yet big enough to attack it. Plus with caring for its young would have made taking out the young harder to do even with the low birth rate. also if lucky would have developed herding behavior required to protect their young and fend off larger predators.

[@timothystuedemann5390]

Also the longer legs gave it a long stride to travel long distances. Also for it size it already had good defense against the predators at the time of arrival.

[@Andrey.Ivanov]

Hm...honestly I don't know if Paraceratherium would do well even briefly. Yes it's big but at the time of the Oligocene harvest there were tyrants big enough to take it down. Also it's lifestyle would put it in direct competition with titanosaurs which have several advantages. First they are armoured so are better protected from potential predators and second they can reproduce more frequently and have many more offsprings than a mammal the size of Paraceratherium. So I don't think that they'll be able to establish a population unless it was in some isolated area. Ofcourse the modern Kaimere has one giant chalicothere in a similar niche but it should be noted that it is a last representative of its clade which have generally lost ground to the new wave of titanosaurs that repopulated after the dynastic extinction. Still those are just some of my thoughts and it would be interesting to see what Keenan has to say about the viability of Paraceratherium at the time around the Oligocene harvest.

[@ryanchen1819]

In the comments section of his mammal titan post, he did mention that paraceratherium at 1 point was brought to Kaimere but soon became extinct as extreme K-selection and size as defense won't work against predators as big as they are. I'm sure that even if they were to establish themselves in the Tyrant Dynast, chances are that they would've been finished off by the Dynastic Extinction. As for who would win in a fight between a paraceratherium and a 10+ ton tyrannosaur that's just like t. rex, I personally think it could go either way as while a 20 ton paraceratherium would probably intimidate a tyrannosaurus with its size and discourage it from attacking the primitive rhino in the first place, if the rex was feeling willing to kill a paraceratherium, I think that the tyrannosaur has the weaponry necessary to bring down the paraceratherium as its 5 ton bite force coupled with ft long ziphodont teeth would cripple the rhino giant if bitten on flanks and neck (and maybe even parts of leg) in which t. rex was tall enough to reach. Along with speed and agility. Not to say paraceratherium wouldn't be able to fight back.

[@timothystuedemann5390]

@@Andrey.Ivanov Look at what just happened. Most of the tyranosaurs that were big enough to take down a Paraceratherium were dead along with the largest members of the titanosaurs. Large browsers were vacant We also need to know more about how harvests work to find out how many made it to Kaimere. The problem with sauropod eggs is you have many offspring but is you have many babies but the adults don't defend them after they hatch and many don't make it to adulthood.

[@timothystuedemann5390]

What were the biggest predators at the time that were still alive. Also during the brief time it flourished would it have had offshoots that could handle the large megaraptorrans that would come later. For instance herd behavior like elephants. A large T-Rex might take down one if it needed to but would be killed it attacked two or three adults. they would need to do is use their weight to knock the T-Rex on its side and then stomp on it. If the predator survives itwould run away with injuries that could kill it later.

[@timothystuedemann5390]

Ok can someone show me a video where it explains the tonnage of Kaimere's Tyrannosaurs and what brought them up from 9-15 tons to 20 tons. They did find a t-rex tooth in a sauropods but something does not seem right. most carnivores that hunted large sauropods had one trait that I can think of which is slicing teeth. This was thought to allow them to inflict bleeding wounds without injuring itself. T-rex on the other hand had bone crushing jaws which could prove hazardous for biting into a large sauropod leg. Also does any of this make you want to help out paleontologists find more fossils of large animals to complete skeletons? Some say it can't be done. My head says watch me.

[@ryanchen1819]

TBH, I myself was surprised when I heard about 20 ton theropods in Kaimere. In Keenan's brontothere post, he says that tyrants reached 20 tons by having fully fused ankles for more travel efficiency. I believe them to be technically more so of a speculative evolution thing just like the African bush elephant-sized entelodonts. TBF, T. rex would still have been able to target the flanks of the sauropods and I don't think biting off a chunk of sauropod would be that hazardous since t. rex already equipped to bite off big chunks of large, robust prey like triceratops. (Of course, wouldn't be as efficient flesh grazing sauropods as allosauroids.) Plus, there were tyrannosaurs like tarbosaurus which seemed more adapted to hunt sauropods.

[@johnmarcrander3865]

Okay, first of, this is so AWESOME !!!! Second I’ve got some questions: Iirc Dinosaurs of Kaimere have lots of physical characteristics that give them an advantage of mammals(Better eyesight, better color vision, more efficient breathing, etc) what physical characteristics do Mammals of kaimere have that give them a leg up on Dinos? How does the aquatic hyeanadonts swim? Like a seal, a Sea lion, or something else entirely? Do Bokodu stay together after mating, or does the male leave after the piglets(?) Are Bokodus aggressive towards each other, including young, or are they calm around other Bokodu Can skin changers turn into cockatrices, nimravids, and Small entelodonts? Could a Bokodu kill a larger dinosaur carnivore? (Btw I love the Bokodu)

[@TalesofKaimere]

Mammals generally have an advantage of speed and power. This means that mammals tend to dominate in direct confrontations with dinosaurs of a comparable mass, but holistically dinosaurs dominate because they can get bigger for less resources. Efficiency trumps raw strength in the long term (also a probable factor why humans beat Neanderthals). This is also why the uktan dominates the bokodu: bokodu are much stronger and more powerful despite being the same mass, but uktan can jog circles around them and need half as much meat. Hyaenodonts generally swim like otters: kicking and undulating while their arms are tucked in or moving debris. Bokodu males leave after mating. Bokodu females are very aggressive towards each other and to theropods since they are territorial. Males can be aggressive but usually their mere presence is sufficient to intimidate smaller predators. When competing for females they usually prefer feats of strength (shoving trees and biting titanosaur leg bones) instead of fighting. Overall though bokodu are rare and take so long to reach adulthood (3 year pregnancy, 15 years to adulthood for females and 25 for males). Male bokodu are actually pretty chill and tolerant of each other as long as there’s enough food. Young males will often ‘squire’ for an older male, following him around and having his back in a fight in return for protection and guidance. Skin changers can turn into all 3, but as always their mass usually can’t change.

[@mammadingo9165]

Female borofagian are stationary? Herbivores... Did you mean to say solitary

[@andreaconti777]

so in the eastern continent the tyrant dynasty is still alive?

[@TalesofKaimere]

Nope! It fell hard over there too just took longer to collapse. Now it’s mostly megaraptorans, parksosaurs, and titanosaurs with a few mammals and horned dinosaurs mixed in

[@timothystuedemann5390]

So Why didn't Dinotherium do well. It was one of the largest elephant relatives and had backward curved tusks and lived in herds. A bull or large female could knock a megaraptoran over. If the predator tries to go for under the neck it will run the risk of the backward tusks.

[@ryanchen1819]

In his posts, I heard that Keenan said that he hasn't finalized deinotherium yet. Also, deinotheres didn't coincide with the Oligocene portal.

[@TalesofKaimere]

Dinotheres are possible for a few later harvests but as Ryan said weren’t around for this harvest. Later proboscids like Palaeoloxodon and Mammothus were better suited for fending off megaraptorans than Dinotherium though. Better turning point from a more compact body and their tusks more likely to shove aside a predator, although a hollistic advantage of Dinotherium is that they have a more efficient body type (less compact so better at shedding heat and able to travel longer without risks of overheating). Still vulnerable to predation (if Hyaenodon could kill Dinotherium bet a 10 ton theropod could) but they have some advantages over later proboscids and I haven’t ruled them out just yet

[@ryanchen1819]

@@TalesofKaimere To be fair, hyaenodonts would’ve likely preyed on calves or more basal deinotheres which were much smaller. Though I could still imagine a large megaraptoran would be able to finish off a deinotherium like it would with a bokodu.

[@timothystuedemann5390]

@@TalesofKaimere what is the standard tonnage for the largest land based megaraptoran? Two today's elephants travel in female lead herds. Did you take this into account for ancient species?

[@timothystuedemann5390]

@@TalesofKaimere If we are going off tonnage the 15-20 ton paraceratherium would be more than enough to take down a 10 ton megaraptoran. Also it lived during the late Oligocene so would have lived long enough to have learned how to live with dinosaurs (Maybe living in small herds to keep the young safe). As for competition from titanosaurs they were at this time the smaller species. It was also related to the running rhino's which would explain the long leg length which would allow them to travel long distances. Also living with a species that manages forests wouldn't be bad for a high browser who is already use to traveling for food. Finally if a kick from a zebra could seriously harm a lion than a 18 to 20 ton rearing and kicking paraceratherium would seriously injure a 10 ton megaraptoran.

[@electroflame6188]

I think you are forgetting about something that could have huge ecological consequences ants

[@TalesofKaimere]

I definitely need to do an episode on them!

[@dudotolivier6363]

@@TalesofKaimere It's possible to you to creare an ant specie who is similar to the giant ant from Walking with Beast episode 1 ? Because this ants and their sequences when they kill a newbord Gastornis still one of the most disturbing and horrifing moment that the Walking with Universe had give to us to this day !