[Introduction to Linguistics] Phrase Structure Rules, Specifiers, Complements, Tree Structures

In this video, we look at Phrase Structure Rules, Complements, Specifiers, and Tree Drawings in a little bit more detail. This is the final segment of syntax!
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#Linguistics #Syntax #Morphology #Phonetics #Phonology #Semantics #Language
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Introduction to Linguistics: • Introduction to Lingui...
Syntax: • Syntax
Phonology: • Phonology
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Language Files: Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics: amzn.to/3nYrO89
Contemporary Linguistic Analysis (O'Grady and Archibald): amzn.to/2HibGxC
Understanding Phonology: amzn.to/2HdQcBM
Understanding Syntax: amzn.to/3k7777C
Understanding Morphology: amzn.to/3nZuX7G
The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology: amzn.to/3lT8kA3
Syntax: A Generative Introduction: amzn.to/3m2GUb7
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach: amzn.to/37jFeWm
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Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.

[@sydney-my4zn]

i owe you my life (and my syntax grade)

[@gobbie7099]

This is a lifesaver! As a student undertaking the Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English (BSEd-English), this greatly helps me! Thank you!

[@linaorten7755]

You’re amazing 🌷 You make it crystal clear.

[@sh33na12]

Relying heavenly on your words than my textbook, thank you!

[@user-eh2kp1dv4x]

As a former linguistics major this kind of stuff makes me rethink on the topics and methods currently prevailing in the field concerned.Thanks a lot. Keep up the good work.

[@souhirtinssa918]

I was desperate for a second ! im graduating this year and I sit for my syntax final exam in 3 days ! things are clear to me thanx to you ! much love from Tunisia !

[@loubnaonline8166]

You saved my life With these lessons of linguistics. I appreciate it buddy :) Thank u

[@fanoosfaroughi6440]

well done, very helpful and amazingly described.

[@muneebaatta7674]

preparing for my finals, you are an angel thank you so mucccccccch

[@lordhybrid4663]

finally a syntax video that is not draining my life!!! and makes sense.

[@flakeboi]

Thank you for this!

[@sadafkhan1679]

Super helpful u r a life saver plz keep making informative videos like this

[@luhindiramahadewi253]

Thank you, you're video really easy to understand

[@faizatabib556]

Great video~ thank you

[@yourway382]

Hello! You are really helpful! Please, may you do a special video full of sentences of syntax with solutions and tricks that we may face... That would be really helpful, and thank you so much for you efforts.

[@quoideneuf_]

I honestly don't know how to thank you for this summary!!!!!!! thank you so so so much

[@pixelguru26]

Thank you for the awesome course! It's been a life-saver when editing for my classes. However, I have a question about the last example. Since the verb "give" is transitive in this sentence, shouldn't the tree break "give me a raise" into a verb phrase and a single noun phrase, where the first verb phrase consists of a verb ("give") and a noun phrase (me), and the noun phrase just consists of the determiner ("a") and the noun "raise?"

[@The--Portal]

5:26 : complement (good expl) 8:14 : tense phrases (TP) always have the same structure:

[@taoyunzhi1323]

Thanks for the video!! Syntax has always been the most confusing part for me. This whole introductory course makes it easier to understand. And btw is there any difference between a triangle and the normal way of drawing a tree structure?

[@menususmelwine5794]

Basically, we use triangle for convenience. We know that the phrase "the dog" falls under our NP, but we don't specify which is the determiner and which is the noun. It's more of a shortcut. But if someone asks you to determine specific lexical categories, then you might want to use the tree structure.

[@alkarkhy]

well, first of all thank you very much. I would like to ask you about the government and binding theory.

[@mahirbansal2946]

does the greater than 1 difference left - right apply to this too to determine whether it is legitimiate

[@reginataytayan9145]

Thank a lot

[@ebenezereshun3215]

At what instance will you use +past and-past?

[@zouhairkhairi5174]

Keep it up

[@prathyushad9250]

Thank you... helped a lot

[@zaddieq90]

I truly love you

[@geetanjali1100]

Wat will b the tree diagram of ‘ The Hotel where we stayed was near the station’

[@sot11cat]

In “give me a raise” shouldn’t one complement be more closely connected to the verb? One of them can be passivized to subject position. How could we present that info in the tree diagram?

[@ainamoony07]

hello sir, for sentences that have possessive proper nouns such as "I was fixing the hole on Richard's roof", would the word "Richard's" consider to be a Noun Phrase or a Adjective Phrase??? Thank you for the info in advance :)

I think Richard's becomes a determiner with a NP inside, so [D[NP Richard]'s]. At least it says so in my textbook.

lol accidentally just found this kzbin.info/www/bejne/bGS9k6GVrJ1_o5Y

[@eziieee2626]

Thank uu💝

[@azyoussef6377]

could you plz Prof tell me how to analyze using 3 stages of PSG

[@shrooq1016]

Hi can u help me win this question? a) A woman entered who was eating a chocolate enchilada. b) The man that Bill said that Mary disliked loves beef waffles. With sentence (a) assume that the relative clause [who was eating a chocolate enchilada] is a modifier of the woman. Assume that the man is both the direct object of the verb disliked and the subject of the verb loves. Is it possible to draw trees for these sentences without crossing lines? Explain why or why not.

[@as-mar4499]

Is this the Radford Model in Tree Diagramming?

[@hopesy12u4]

3:51 why didn't you do one for adverb phrases?

[@hopesy12u4]

turns out, qualifiers are also adverbs. But then, why do you treat qualifiers and adverbs as if they're different things by having "adverbs" with the lexical categories and "qualifiers" in the functional categories?

[@user-fk7cg9vw8z]

@@hopesy12u4maybe there are so many ways to category words depended on different perspectives,

[@nushiislam7883]

My teacher told us to only break it into NP and VP!! what should I do?

[@user-fk7cg9vw8z]

hey, i just watched this video, and i get a question. why the NP after a verb is called a compliment instead of an object. for instance, "the man really loved sushi", my mother tongue is Chinese, and i would consider the NP "sushi" as an object.

[@bonbonpony]

This theory presented above is really problematic, because it doesn't seem to account for the division of a sentence into a subject and a predicate at all. The entire part "The Dean of Science" is the subject" while the entire part "might give me a raise" is the predicate. The "T" (tense) part in the syntax is also problematic because oftentimes it's not represented by any particular _word_ in the sentence, so it's not a "real" thing, I would say. It's just a gimmick to be able to shoehorn a particular sentence into this template.

[@glor--ia9021]

Because love is a noun that doesn’t need an object. It’s like “swim”. You can say “he swims” and you can say “he swims backstroke”. Swim doesn’t need a direct object but it can have one to complement it. Same with love.

[@SomeoneElse-fr8yu]

I'd love to see this kind of breakdown of the first few sentences of The Hobbit.

[@steinmacher]

is it really possible for a phrase to have 3 branches? (NP in your last example)

[@Trevtutor]

3 branches can be made into 2 using a new category (vP) and movement. I will likely add a video in the future to the end of the series to cover this. It’s an “advanced” topic that is often ignored or passed over in an initial syntax course, which is what this originally was intended to be.

[@ezgikrnci114]

is tp and ip the same thing?

[@Ladyblue7620]

If you ever need my soul, let me know. 😢❤

[@danicalaizasaludar2295]

I'm confused with this one "The angry man's daughter chased the cat on the mat with long whiskers" should I label 'man's daughter' as both noun?

[@nosheenakhter5120]

Sir tell me for what TP stands?????

[@ashleyye978]

tense phrase

[@ravennightbirt9001]

Is it sad that I understand you better than 2 university lecturers?

[@ameencampano3674]

Are pronouns considered nouns in tree structures? Thanks!

[@linaorten7755]

Ameen Campano yes they are and some grammarians put pro to make it more specific.

[@bonbonpony]

Not all pronouns are nouns, though. Personal pronouns such as "he", "she", "they" substitute nouns, so they fulfil the same role in the sentence as nouns. Similarly indicative pronouns, such as "this", "that", or their corresponding interrogative pronoun "what". But POSSESSIVE pronouns, such as "my", "your", "his" etc. are more like a determiner, or an adjective, because that's how they work in a sentence - they describe nouns, and can be put in the same position as adjectives ("my car" ↔ "red car").

[@Burgoskoa]

Could you please help me with this one? " In my black rubber boots"

[@LesCodes]

¿qué quieres? ¿árbol de que tipo?

[@somaparviznia9446]

Zor sipas mamostê

[@chadbareje5153]

Why TP instead of S?

[@user-cl1ic5fq4p]

Hello sir, how can I analyze this sentence ( the king of France is bald ) into phrase structure rules. I hope you better 🎉❤

[@databang]

Alexander Calder's mobile sculpture vs Noam Chomsky's syntax parsing tree.

[@samuelwahiu5880]

Hello, I have one here: 'Hardworking students who actively participate in-class discussion generally succeed in the exam.' kindly solve it for me.

[@muntatheralsawad4250]

why "science" is NP, and "dean" is just a N. what I understood that science is N .

[@dobbythefreeelf9638]

in a nutshell, if you can substitute a word-level constituent with a phrase of the corresponding category then that constituent is in a fact a phrase. ( For example: if you can substitute the N "science" with the NP "the science department" , then science IS a NP not a N)

[@younesseddarouich9146]

Thank you professor, but I still a little bit lost, what about this sentence "was laughing hilariously at the slow turtle last night"

[@soukainasun8578]

Are u s6 student too right

[@kemjaysorela7194]

😮

[@Vivi-mp9nn]

What about agglutinative language like japanese? If you say I want to eat, you don’t use to verbs, but conjugated the verb to eat Taberu -> tabetai You could continue this forever, for example „it’s okay if you don’t want to eat“ is Tabe-ta-kuna-kute-mo-ii-(desu) „ Thank you for eating for me“ Tabe-te-kure-te-arigatou „I‘m mad at you because You ate my stuff“ Tabe-rare-ta-n-desu Sorry the examples are a bit random, I‘m not that advanced to thing of something more natrual, but this is definitely very normal, I would say most sentences have verbs that comjugated that often. Is it still just the verb then? Edit: And the do drop subject, especially pronons ALOT, so many conjugations fill in the question of who did what, for example (verb in te from)-te-kureru means that you receive a service from someone and are greatful for that, while (verb in te form)-te-ageru means that you gave someone something and think that’s nice of you. So you can put a sentence worth of information into a verb

[@user-zn6kk8gz2c]

answer to this sentence The last king of baghbad

[@walidakassou6411]

Why we didn't use "me" and " it" as a pronoun not a as noun ?

[@Trevtutor]

Pronouns are treated as N (or D later) in syntax. Some intro courses use a “Pro” label but that’s not what’s used past an intro course.