Is a Green Gas Giant Like Jool Possible?

[@curious_ksp_]

I have not said this explicitly in the video: Chlorine was the only green gas I found and thus the only thing I "tested". The conclusion that I should end with: The possibility of a green gas giant like Jool is near impossible. Theoretically may be possible, but due to the fact that Chlorine is not that abundant, green gas giants will not form, meaning that I deem it not possible: "Chlorine is a minor constituent of the Universe, with a solar abundance of only ∼3 × 10^−7 relative to hydrogen (Asplund et al. 2009)" For every 1 part of Hydrogen, there is 0,0000003 part Chlorine; in other words, there are around 3 million parts of Hydrogen for every 1 part of Chlorine. Other gasses that have been mentioned face the same problems. Abundance, or lack thereof... Edit: there are also more complicated molecules and substances that can influence color depending on a lot of variables. So maybe based on that, there might be a composition that would result in a green color. But due to the fact that there is a great amount of combinations, it would be something worth of a scientific paper to determine it, if there is indeed a solution at all.

[@liaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaav]

Flourine and hydrogen are also green gas

[@grubby.mp4]

If there is around 200 billion stars in the galaxy, and that amount is also the amount of planets, and every 1/10 is a gas giant (so not terrestrial, dwarf or an ice giant), that would mean there is only, like 6-7 gas giants like this in the entire milky way. and this goes of the assumption that all of the chlorine hasn't reacted with more common elements such as Hydrogen (HCl), or even Iron (FeCl2 or FeCl3), Magnesium (MgCl2) or some other compounds or elements. so even if we are relatively generous in our calculations, when accounting for the entire milky way, it's still EXTREMELY unlikely to occur, even on such a large scale. however, if we do this for the entire observable universe, there will probably be billions of these. oh well, it's stupid space game, whatever.

[@nathan12479]

​@@liaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaav Hydrogen would be more on the blue to ultraviolet range, and pretty transparent. The hydrogen layers of Saturn and Jupiter are practically invisible. Fluorine would be more yellow as whilst it is true that it emits green light, it also emits red and yellow light. Meaning the gas would be yellow. A mixed atmosphere of both would also look Yellow because the Hydrogen would most likely be transparent compared to the much more emissive and dense fluorine

[@KerbalAddict]

That's why it's a kraken fart.

[@Versuffe]

Maybe the green element is the reason why all life is green?

[@ganymedemlem6119]

It's not easy being green.

[@SavionKirby]

The lovers, the dreamers, and cheeseeeeeeeee

[@ASTER-IX]

*blue dabode dabodai*

[@William_5956]

@@ASTER-IX im blue if i was green i would die*

[@limo1795]

real

[@gajusz4372]

Another issue with chlorine is that it's really reactive, so jool's atmosphere would be devoid of gasses like hydrogen and methane if it is indeed chlorine giving it it's colour

[@curious_ksp_]

Very good point!

[@garunixreborn2416]

chlorine is also too yellow

[@ortherner]

You should do a video on how Ike formed around Duna. It's interesting how their almost binary planets and orbit close to each other, and are tidally locked to each other.

[@bboi1489]

The video "The theory of Duna" uses all the science data to suggest it formed the same as our moon, via bombardment. It possibly formed a ring around duna, with Ike still intact, and the duna ring hit Ike, causing the Duna Ejecta. Basically, Duna is Mars backwards. It's formed a ring first in its early years, it's in its ice age later, and it's still currently geologically active. Whereas Mars already finished it's ice age, isn't geologically active, and hasn't yet formed a ring.

[@limo1795]

They are tidally locked to eachother? I think ile formed like how our moon formed

[@kaskaideking]

here how step1 :in unity make a round sphere step2 :add mererial and textured step3 :place in position step4 :add physics step5 :press play. (DONE)

[@bboi1489]

​@@kaskaideking hardy har har

[@AstroChara]

That part seems to be based on Pluto and Charon.

[@deltainfinium869]

I always assumed it was some form of atmospheric life. Like little bacterium that inflate themselves with Jools gasses to be low density and float to the top like balloons where they slowly photosynthesize.

[@gajusz4372]

Taking into account the rarity and reactivity of chlorine gas, this is the most propable option.

[@M3sierr]

ohh like algae?

[@bradandgensar6658]

wouldn’t that mean jool would have to be closer to kerbal so we could see the green? Wouldn’t it make more sense if the algae was much lower in jools atmosphere from the cold? I have no idea on this

[@TheUlquiorraCifer]

@@gajusz4372 It could be Gaseous copper.

[@cybercat0564]

@@bradandgensar6658 Maybe they like the heat in the upper atmosphere?

[@massnash]

If your final theory is correct, that could aslo perhaps explain why Laith is warm enough to have liquid oceans, as perhaps some of the gases in Jool's atmosphere expell heat towards Laith. Just a theory lol

[@johnathanegbert9277]

Laythe*

[@traleras1]

You actually mentioned the kraken farts haha.

[@thegamer8625]

I think that this is why Pol (or Bop, I don’t remember) has something curious on it

[@laikavoid3364]

Making videos no other ksp youtuber makes! Keep going, these informative videos are awesome!!!

[@Meowzofficial]

[KSP 2 SPOILER ALERT] I think it´s algae in the athmosphere causing the green . BUT in ksp 2 jool has a solid surface (I had a high hope they made realistic gas gigants so I threw a probe into jool and just below the clouds is a surface) and the clouds have a kinda "grain" effect wich could be larger organisms flying around and feasting on the sunlight and gases in the athmosphere

[@gajusz4372]

Christ i just had a shower thought, what if chromium chloride dissolved in water droplets is what's giving Jool it's colour? Like chromium chloride is a deep vibrant green, so you wouldn't need a lot of it, its also quite stable, so it shouldn't react with anything and it's abundant enough, so that it could dye Jool green. Well there is a problem, that ammonia would react with it, forming chromium hydroxide, wich would sink, but IMO that's still better than chlorine, wich would react with everything.

[@curious_ksp_]

Pretty cool idea!

[@tankhistoryfordummies]

There may not be ammonia in the atmosphere as it is only found in Jupiter's atmosphere. Jool's atmosphere may be just hydrogen, helium and chromium chloride.

[@pico22442]

Oh my god! I always wondered if it was possible, and I finally found a video about it!

[@sdgsrf2123]

you explained the phase diagram better than my physics teacher, thanks to you, i finally understand the yellow lines(in your diagram), even if it is late. lol

[@joemetelesernesto]

Fun fact if we put jool in our solar system it would not be considered giant becouse jool is almost as big as earth

[@DrHuman-fj5xl]

I'm not sure if you have done this, but in ksp2 dres has small rings, how did they get formed? Also love your work keep it up!

[@curious_ksp_]

I did make a video about it but it only talks about one possible origin

[@jingjumao175]

my theory is that since KSP takes place in a K type star system, it is much older than the sol system, thus it is possible that much of the asteroid belt has formed into one body, which is dres, and the asteroids orbiting it are ones that missed and slowly slowed down because of gravity assists

[@williamchamberlain2263]

You just need enough space cows eating enough space grass

[@captainfraser3827]

kraken farts is my goto

[@houdiniface8687]

giant Shrek planet

[@General12th]

I like the little cutouts of you. Very MatPat-like!

[@Meowzofficial]

Congrats on 2k !

[@ecogreen123]

sincw it was april fools i was expecting the "kraken farts" answer, was pleasantly surprised.

[@peperoni_pepino]

What if the green is just blue+yellow? Would a mixture of e.g. methane (light blue, see Uranus) with something dark yellow (sulphur compounds?) work? Or maybe Jool is made of "glow in the dark"? :-P

[@nathan12479]

The issue is density they'd seperate into different layers and bands rather than mix. If you really want a green then trace amounts of Chlorine and Ammonia gasses may achive this with the vast majority of weight being Hydrogen and Helium. Some small amount of sulphur may assist in off-setting the blue that would be caused by raleigh scattering however. But this is such a specific example because it is just so much easier to have Blue, White, Yellow, Brown and Red in a Gas Giant.

[@nathan12479]

This said, the green you'd get would be a pale yellow green

[@peperoni_pepino]

@@nathan12479 Nice, thank you.

[@xanderrariden7744]

A mix of ammonia and methane might cause a green atmosphere.

[@elpyrof2p926]

​@@nathan12479 One question and how would you get a white gas giant? and apart from that I want to know if that green is still functional in a gas giant far from its star at 51.8 AU from it, with a temperature of -236 °C, with a star with a solar mass of 1.05 and it is a type star G0, I say this more than anything because I'm looking for something surprising in the gas giant apart from the fact that it has rings and that's it

[@misanthropichumanist4782]

What about liquid droplets or solid particulates as the causative agent? Or some form of structural color? What about effects of the host star's spectrum?

[@Pluspython]

Kraken farts is such a cool explenation.

[@RamanNoodles01]

Putting aside the greenness of the planet, Jool, or a planet like it, couldn’t exist… because it’s canonically the size of Earth.

[@guilhermerafaelzimermann4196]

obviously jool is only green from the space program accidentally vaporizing so many kerbals near the upper atmosphere

[@ReaperCheaper]

There might be acid rains maybey?

[@gajusz4372]

If there is enough water in the atmosphere

[@sdsdsdsdsdsd9225]

I like this

[@VirgoShelter]

I think it may be floating algea-like lifefoms

[@Nomstrr]

This was released on my bday and jool is my favorite planet so

[@VestedUTuber]

One thing to consider with the planets in KSP is that they're unrealistically small and in unrealistically small orbits. Everything's scaled down as a QoL feature for the game, so I wouldn't use planet size here as an argument.

[@thegermanempire8337]

Very noice video

[@marleneblanco2529]

"Is it possible?" *yes* .

[@Mr_Bruh656]

Fun fact: Book is green because of Ariel algae (At least from I have heard)

[@nap_time238]

What temerature do you think would Eeloo be? Because of tidal heating

[@fc01-k2q]

Kraken farts. End of video

[@hegamingbestgamers110]

In ksp2, i guess they confirmed that it is chlorine, since there is a surface now.

[@curious_ksp_]

Technically there always has been a surface, but I think they should make it more realistic by having the gas slowly turn liquid or something.

[@docgonzobordel]

Even if there was a way to replenish the upper atmosphere with gazeous chlorine, there would be chemical reactions between chlorine and hydrogene and other compounds, as chlorine is extremely reactive. But as said, so much chlorine on a gaz giant would not occur naturally, as chlorine is quite a rare element compared to hydrogen and helium.

[@BB_Jo-e3z]

solar wind might affect it too

[@limo1795]

what about ammonia-methane clouds (like Uranus and Neptune) being the reason why Jool is green, and it would probably need to be at the temperature of 150K which that would be the temperature at 150km on Jool

[@curious_ksp_]

Yeah, nowadays i would probably not make this video again because I just dont know enough about all the nuances when it comes to this. It does sound like an option. Though, how can we get it so vibrant green?

[@hortencya302]

Why not go for microbial alien life coloring it or part of it green?

[@delayed_control]

What if the clouds are made of chlorine ice crystals and that's what gives it the yellowish green hue?

[@anekdoche7055]

only two weeks age he was only at 1000 subs, now 2.24k, keep up the science, i still have hundreds of hours to waste

[@ryanmapping7944]

5:05 Kraken farts😂

[@Dodecahedronchannel]

Wait what about tres 4b and trappist 1g

[@titan-1802]

TrES-4B itself wouldn't really appear Green at all. but thats mostly because we rarely know much about the Composition of that planet. as for Trappist-1 G... that isn't really a Gas Giant, as it is more of a Terrestrial Ice World sitting in the Outer Edges of The Trappist-1 System.

[@MinerBat]

are there no other plausible green gasses?

[@curious_ksp_]

I asked r/chemistry and r/chemistry for help and looked for other stuff on google. I could not find anything else that could be a realistic candidate sadly.

[@sovietunion8304]

Could radon be producing heat it’s heavier then methane so it would sink below That might also explain why laythe the closest moon to jool has enough heat to keep liquid water and life

[@PoorMansChemist]

Chlorine is also far too reactive to be the potential source of the color.

[@GIRGHGH]

Oh, I would have thought you would have put out a better idea after the further information...

[@curious_ksp_]

What do you mean? Edit: if you mean what I think you mean, then I'll refer to the pinned comment.

[@GIRGHGH]

@@curious_ksp_ Usually when an initial idea if followed by reasons it wouldn't work, at least one better alternative is suggested.

[@curious_ksp_]

@@GIRGHGH Sure, it would have been nicer, but tbh there aren't any worthwhile options. At least, from what I have seen.

[@jingjumao175]

nono, my teacher has taught me long ago because i asked, turns out hydrogen can appear as different colors depending on temperature, anything other than yellow or pink theres a very specific temperature needed to make hydrogen appear green, if i can remember correctly it has to be higher than normal

[@curious_ksp_]

Yeah, what I read: it needed something like 500 K, which is way too high in the case of Jool. So I didn't mention it.

[@jingjumao175]

@@curious_ksp_ huh, never really thought of that, jool needs to be hotter for it to be green, so its either made of hard to find gases (unreasonable) or its made out of hydrogen at 500 K (its too far for it to be at that temperature)

[@j-ray17]

Interesting... I came up with a hypotheses that the green color comes from a thin haze of some sort of metal compound that gets pushed into the upper atmosphere of Jool by its intense winds. What are your thoughts on this?

[@curious_ksp_]

Could be an option. There are so many different compounds and mixes that exist. I havent had the time to do proper research into different substances.

[@petevenuti7355]

There are other things besides chlorine that can make it green, You got to take into account things like ramen scattering, and whatever that other form of scattering is it makes the sky blue here. There's fluorescence of course. don't forget different ionization states ,I don't have a source off hand but I am told that nitrogen will create a green sky if heavily ionized with gamma rays... There is also various organic combinations like pearline green (you know the heavy polycyclic hydrocarbon) that could form in a very hot tar vapor atmosphere.. Not a place I'd like to visit boiling in hot tar is bad but being slowly vaporized by hot tar vapor is another.. That's not even covering the obvious things like copper or boron vapors. But if it was mostly copper there would probably be reds, browns, & black stripes in there too... Kerbals probably also have different retinas, it might be infrared they're perceiving as green... But that's probably beyond the scope of this video..

[@curious_ksp_]

Problem with most of those substances is that it needs to be very hot for them to be a gas, or create some vapor at the least Edit: and Jool isnt that hot, i believe

[@petevenuti7355]

@@curious_ksp_ I just assumed it was... I Don't know... Too hot and the organics break down too though. I'd guess 300-400°C give or take to work, but I'm just guessing.. It's fiction anyway, could just say hydrogen filled floating algae!!!

[@docgonzobordel]

Very interesting comment, where did you find those informations ? Are you a chemist ?

[@petevenuti7355]

@@docgonzobordel just as a hobby, I just saw a video about Ramon spectroscopy, aperantly the green line of -C2- sections of organics is less then 1/1000 the intensity of the incoming light, soooo.. forget Ramon scatter for the green, too faint. But plenty of organics have absorption spectrum that would make a strong green color! I suspect if the atmosphere was low in nitrogen and oxygen, and was filled instead mostly with hot polycyclic hydrocarbons and/or some life, you can get that green. And of course there's boron..

[@docgonzobordel]

@@petevenuti7355 I can not argue with that organics spectroscopy part (C2 sections ? Ethane ?), but it's really interesting. If we are talking about a naturally occuring green atmosphere, I doubt boron could make it though, too rare to be an important ingredient in gaz giant's atmosphere, imho.

[@jonathanhusain9759]

Also Jool is the size of the Earth

[@Vlad_Ibarr]

Perhaps is very acid?

[@Rokos_Basilisk]

A green compound perhaps?

[@curious_ksp_]

Could be technically, but those would then be complex molecules that will probably not be able to either form or maintain their structure if they formed. At least, that is how I see it. In the end the conclusion is this: there are no abundant/ simple substances that are green and a gas in this case.

[@The_Hybrid_Gamer]

@@curious_ksp_ I saw this mentioned in another comment - what about some form of atmospheric life that could produce complex molecules?

[@Jowanoofy_ZO]

Blue gas giant smell bad does green smell......

[@bravoalpha101st]

Yeah it's possible, I've seen a picture of one in Elite Dangerous

[@titan-1802]

however, when it comes to Game Auto Generating Planets its always not going to be accurate. so no, it wouldn't usually be Possible to find a Gas Giant that appears Green in coloration.

[@bravoalpha101st]

@@titan-1802 Partially green...

[@titan-1802]

@@bravoalpha101st good point.

[@Cowboybeardie]

It’s made of uranium powder

[@stuffmadebyfireforest]

it's possible AU Microscopii b is a green gas [or ice] giant and it's very young for gas giants to become green they must be hit by intense radiations just like this planet that's why Jool is green and it's orbiting a red dwarf star

[@curious_ksp_]

Thank for that piece of knowledge!

[@jaypaint4855]

Uranus comes pretty close though

[@Vlad_Ibarr]

A yes, kraken farts

[@De_Geit]

Next video im @curious about is why are Kerbals Green? And could we evolve with green skin color if we live on another planet?

[@darksars3622]

I think i know whos getting a A++ in math

[@Cc8tv2]

i think its made of Klorine (kerbals love the letter k)

[@JYF921]

kraken fart. definitely kraken fart

[@kerbal_lord]

🟢Some or most of Jool's chlorine could've formed when salt molecules on the surface of Jool were spilt apart when Jool's surface was exposed to a high radiation event (such as a gamma ray burst) to form sodium and chlorine.🟢

[@CatspyArras]

"kraken fart"

[@Superdurpurcool]

Idk

[@avus-kw2f213]

1:55 next trip to France will be bigger ⬛️⬛️⬛️⬛️ ⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️ > 🇫🇷 🟥🟥🟥🟥

[@person4579]

I'm gonna look for a green gas giant in Space Engine, since if my memory isn't failing me, I've discovered multiple green gas giants Edit: I've found a green gas giant, so it would be safe to say that green gas giants do exist in real life. I couldn't figure out what makes it green since there was like 50 types of molecules in its atmosphere for some reason, although some of the main molecules were: Hydrogen (92%), Helium (7.61%), Methane (0.291%), Nitrogen (324 ppm), and Ammonia (265 ppm).

[@curious_ksp_]

Space Engine is procedurally generated and not entirely scientifically accurate. I wouldn't take a computer generated planet as proof of a possibility. But that is just how I see it.

[@tartine2463]

In space engine, green giants are green because they added theoretical life that lives in the atmosphere

[@MartinMizner]

Since there're thousands of carbonhydrates, then one of them should be able to cause such effect.

[@curious_ksp_]

Then the question is how likely is it for them to form in such conditions and such. Also larger molecules will have a hard time being in gaseous form.

[@atampeersandmanlol]

its possible

[@GUYEG1985]

fart gas

[@MrBigMan25]

neptune and ur-anus(the correct pronunciation) are ice giants not gas giants

[@dallinmelton5679]

Neptune and Uranus are not gas giants

[@FenrizNNN]

Where did you even learn this

[@juno_idiot]

they are ICE giants

[@succ5666]

I could be wrong but the amount of supernovas to get that much chlorine on a gas giant is insane