Isotype switching | class switching recombination | Antibody class switching | antibody diversity

Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG.

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@@animatedbiologywitharpan if the subset of t helpers(viz th1,th2,th17 etc )decides the Ig to be released, by the thier specific cytokines released to the B cell(antigen presenting),then how could we say, In primary infection,Ig M will be more and in 2ndry infection IgG will be more in serum? ie,if Th1 is the helper subset formed,would it only cause for IgG producing effector B cell synthesis,so from the first occurance of that infection,IgG may be the main Ig in serum.Is this possible sir?

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hi, class switching can also occur before germinal center formation

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Obs studio

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thank you for amazing explanation. you mentioned B cell isotype switching is antigen dependent and requires mhc 2 cd40 co stimulation so can we say its also t cell dependent ? is this the case where polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines differ ? polysaccahride vaccines activate b cells indepent from t cells so no somatic hypermutation and generation of high affinity antibodies and ig G thats what i understand

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

T cell stimulates strong b cell activation which is a prerequisite for isotype switching. Moreover, T cells provide essential cytokine signals, such as IL-4 and IL-21, which direct B cells to undergo isotype switching, resulting in the production of antibodies with different effector functions. This T cell-dependent process enhances the adaptability and effectiveness of the immune response.

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As far as I know both no affinity and high affinity get destroyed by negetive selection and only T cell with low affinity survives through positive selection

[@niraxlevi9930]

Thank you sir for the video❤i have a question please: so if i understood, isotype switching happens to the Ab produced not the BCR and one B cell either makes igM or IgD or IgE or IgA or IgG right ?

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

ya soluble anyibodies are generated and constant regions are changed

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So there is a question. After the AID enzyme comes into action, what really recruits the repair enzyme? And why not any other repair enzyme with high fidelity?

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Hello is interferon y secretion is required for all the antibody isotypes or is it only for igg

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

IFN-gamma inhibits the secretion of IgG3, IgG2b, IgG1, and IgE, and enhances the secretion of IgG2a.

[@stephendaniels4818]

When the naive B cell encounters a pathogen, is this with the help of the dendritic cell traveling to the lymphoid with parts of the pathogen covering it? Or does the pathogen make its way to the lymph, and the B cell directly recognizes it and takes a piece from it?

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Dendritic cells take the antigen and move towards the lymph node

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I have a question regarding the naive B cell . So it can produce IgM and IgD without encountering a pathogen ? But why does they use IgM and IgD levels to see if the patient has immunity to a specific disease?

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

Very good question....let me tell you that with all infection it's not true that there would be class switching as a result only IgM could be produced.Now b cell has IgM by default but its membrane bound ,after infection secreted IgM is synthesized which is specific to the antigen coming from a bacteria let's say.

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[@giakolou2876]

Why is isotope switching occur ? It only changes the conserved heavy chains which don’t bind to pathogens only to the own B cells, so why do we need different types of conserved regions if they don’t select for pathogens ?

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

Since the variable region does not change, class switching does not affect antigen specificity. Instead, the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens, but can interact with different effector molecules. Example : IgM interacts with complement better than others...IgG is better in terms of crossing placenta etc.

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Do different cytokines all lead to STAT activation?

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

Yes they do

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Thank you for your video! Can hyper IgM syndrome generate IgD?

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

Nope its not possible in my opinion

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@@animatedbiologywitharpan Sure! Thank you for your efforts!

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Good lecture but B cells mature in bone marrow only and not in lymph node, I believe

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

No, maturation doesn't take place in bone marrow, it's always in the lymph node

[@zizoilham]

So class switching is simply T dependent activation ?

[@animatedbiologywitharpan]

Class switching happens in B cells but not in T cells. if there is no strong T cell dependent B cell activation then class switching would not happen

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@@animatedbiologywitharpan wow that was a quick response ,thank you so much for clarifying it

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Allah yihmeek.

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Great video but the sound was not too good.

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Thanks for this suggestion....I will try to improve the quality in subsequent videos.

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Thank you sir ❤

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